Bhadrak 

is a city of Odisha state in eastern India. It came into existence on 1 April 1993. The
city is the district headquarters of Bhadrak district. It has a rich heritage and history and
according to legends, it also derives its name from the Goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple stands
on the banks of the river Salandi.
Climatic Condition of the City:
The climate in the city is temperate, i.e. of mixed type. During summer the temperature rises
upto 45-48 Degrees Celsius and during winter its climate drops upto 15-17 Degrees Celsius.
Similarly, the city witnesses the rainfall upto 75% in between June-October
Flora and Fauna: The forest cover of this Division is almost pure mangrove forest and its few
associates. The important species present including plantations are Neem, people, banyan,
banana, Avicennia alba, Ipomoea pes-carpae, Acacia auriculiformis, Canavalia maritime,
Ipomoea tuba etc.
The mangroves support rich marine life including crabs, prawns, mudskippers and variety
of fishes which form the base of biological pyramid. Besides, mangrove sustains a wide range of
reptiles like watermonitor lizards, pythons, king cobras, kraits, other snakes and mammals such
as fishing cat, mongoose, otter etc.
Pollution Levels:

AIR- Air pollution is mainly of vehicular emissions. As the population in the city is rising day
by day and simultaneously the vehicles are increasing causing the level of CO2 to increase.
Besides the less no. of public transport facility in the locality gives rise to the level of pollution
in the lair.

Water- the main source of water pollution in the District is the drain water which comes from
house hold waste water discharge. It indicates high levels of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
that is more than 30 mg per litre whereas COD level is below 500 mg per litre.

Soil- Soil pollution in the area is due to open dumping of waste materials especially household
waste, polythenes, and use of pesticides and chemicals in the agricultural lands.

Water front development and conservation:

Central Ground Water Board and Ground water Survey and Investigation Deptt. of Govt.of
Orissa (2003) found to be 45409 ham. The annual draft is only 25197 ham and the balance
ground water resource available for irrigation is 19786 ham. The level of ground water
development is only 55.49%. The Present stage of ground water development in different blocks
of the district varies from 23.84 to 73.82% with minimum in Basudevpur Block and Maximum
in Bhandaripokri Block of the district.

The main source of water in the area is through Tubewell, Dug well and River. The
conservation of water in the area is only done through pond, and dug well. Besides development
of dam in river is another way that water is conserved for agricultural and drinking purposes.
 Existing environmental regulations in the Bhadrak District has been launched in the
year 2020 especially to focus on the solid waste management in 07 main areas of the district.
However, it’s still in the inception stage and it needs more focus and attention.

Past Disaster faced by the City: As bhadrak is located in the coastal belt of the state, it
has faced many natural calamities like, cyclones, flood and super cyclones in the past years.
Some disasters the city/town faced in the recent past includes- Super cyclone 1999, Phailin 2013,
Hudhud 2014, Titli 2018, Fani 2019, and Amphan 2020, etc.

The people in the city have been seriously affected by the above calamities time to time.
However, the local administration has tried its level best to manage the stress and anxiety of the
affected population to some extent due to some timely precautionary measures like, lifting of
people from low land areas, and providing food and other necessary items to them. Besides, post-
management measures by the state and the local administration has greatly assuaged the calamity
prone people’s sad plight.

Disaster Management Plans:

The city has developed its disaster management mechanism with the financial assistance
of the State and Central government. It has built safety shelter homes where people are shifted to
from low areas during flood and cyclone. The district administration is also has made calamity
management body which actively monitors calamity situation and takes immediate action during
natural calamities with the help of ODRAF team, etc