Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis on Product

Reviews
Anisha P Rodrigues*, Niranjan N Chiplunkar
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
NMAM Institute of Technology,
Nitte,
India
*Email-anishapr@nitte.edu.in

Abstract— With the popularity and growing availability of
opinion rich sources such as reviews from e-commerce sites,
choosing the right product from huge product brands have
difficult for the user. In order to enhance the sales and customer
satisfaction, most of the sites provide opportunity for the user to
write review aspects about the product. These reviews are in text
format and increases day by day. It is difficult for the user and
manufacturer to understand likes and dislikes of a customer
about the product. In this situation sentiment analysis helps the
people to analyze the reviews and come to conclusion whether it
is good or bad. Sentiment Analysis which also known as opinion
mining is one of the subsection in Natural Language processing
in which it learns about Sentiment or subjectivity from reviews.
The main purpose of the project is to develop a system to extract
the reviews from e-commerce site, extract aspect from the
reviews and categorize reviews into positive and negative. We
have implemented Sentiment analysis with unsupervised
machine learning technique like uni-gram Lexicon, bi-gram
Lexicon and Supervised technique like Support vector machine
(SVM). These techniques are experimented on real time e-
commerce dataset. Out of three techniques, SVM outperformed
with an accuracy of 84%.
Keywords—Aspect level, POS tagging, Scrapy, Sentiment
Analysis, Support Vector Machine
I. INTRODUCTION
Sentiment means ‘opinion’ which is expressed by the
people. Analysis of such opinions is known as ‘Sentimental
Analysis’. In the recent years, most of the e-commerce
websites allow their users to write their opinion about the
products which they bought. Situation where in an
organization is interested to know its customers opinion
regarding the product that it has manufactured, it is very
difficult for organization to keep track of each and every
opinions. In this scenario sentiment analysis plays a very
important role. Sentiment analysis is identifying the polarity
of the text, i.e., it identifies the attitude of the user towards a
particular topic. Sentiment analysis greatly helps in knowing
a person’s behavior towards a particular topic.
If the data is of small size then it is very easy to extract the
useful information, but if the size of data is huge then it is quite
difficult to analyze what that data actually intends. Therefore
automated approach is needed to identify the sentiments
expressed in review text. Users’ reviews not only include
paragraph of text, but also contain the user and star ratings,
quotes, number of people who agree to the particular review
and some sentences that are not related to the domain.
Since the unstructured sentences are used, processing of such
sentences is a difficult task. There are several problems faced
while analyzing texts.
Sentiment analysis techniques are generally classified into
three major levels: document-level, sentence-level, and
aspect-level. In document level, the task is to consider the
whole document as input and classify whether it express any
overall sentiments or not. Here the input can be a review or
blog posts. In Sentence level, there are two steps involved.
First, to classify whether the sentence is a subjective or
objective sentence. Second, to classify the polarity of
subjective sentences. Sentences that express factual
information are said to be objective sentence and sentence that
express subjective views and opinions are said to be subjective
sentence. Level of information provided in document level or
sentence level is not sufficient for making a good decision and
therefore looking in-depth into aspects and entities gave a new
direction for research called aspect or feature based opinion
mining. A drawback in document or sentence level is that they
cannot provide complete information of a product. For
example, a positive or negative review of a particular product
doesn’t mean that the reviewer likes or dislikes all aspects of
that product. A person who wants to buy a mobile with
excellent camera quality will search only for the reviews about
that particular aspect i.e. picture quality rather than overall
review of that mobile. Aspect level classification involves
several sub-problems, e.g., identifying relevant entities,
extracting their features/aspects, and determining whether an
opinion expressed on each aspect is positive or negative.
The main motivation behind this proposed work is to
provide aspect level sentiment classification for real time
product reviews. The aspect level sentiment analysis
extracting their features/aspects, and determines whether an
opinion expressed on each aspect is positive or negative. This
work helps the user to decide whether he can buy product or
not. The user can also see the reviews specifically on the
aspects he wishes to have in his product. The sentiment
analysis is performed at aspect level using two machine
learning techniques i.e., Lexicon based and SVM.
This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes
various methods used for sentiment analysis. The Existing
system is discussed in section 3. Proposed method is explained
in Section 4. Section 5 explains the Results and Discussions.
Finally, the Conclusion and Future work are drawn in section
6.
II. RELATED WORK
Many researchers adopted different methods in finding the
subjective sentence, objective sentences, topics, and

‹,(((

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 sentiments of words, sentences or a document and extracting
sources of opinions. For sentiment analysis, dataset like movie
reviews, restaurant reviews, product review or social media
data are considered from the source of internet.
Turney[1] used seed words to calculate the semantic
orientation of documents. Lexicon based approach used by
Taboda et al.,[2] to classify sentiment. The sentiment score to
classify the sentences into positive and negative is done
dictionary based. The movie reviews are considered by
authors [1] and [2] for sentimental analysis. Xiaowen Ding et
al., [3] proposed new holistic lexicon based approach for
aspect level sentimental analysis. The product reviews are
taken for sentimental analysis. The disadvantage of lexicon
based approach is that it considers unigrams and difficult to
process the sentences that contained multiple opinion words.
This approach is failed to process the sentences that are not
related to the domain and ambiguous statements.
To handle n-gram words, Harb et al., [4] used two sets of
seed words (bigrams) with positive and negative score to
perform document classification. The association rules are
created by Google’s search. The total positive and negative
sentiment words of entire document is counted to classify
documents.
Shanmugasundaram Hariharan et al., [6] used corpus
based system for classifying the sentiments. The data set was
product reviews collected from different websites. He has
proposed algorithm that extracts online reviews and does
sentimental analysis
Pang et al., [5] used machine learning techniques for
sentimental analysis. The popular machine learning
techniques are Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine and
Maximum entropy classification. He conducted sentimental
analysis on movie reviews and found out that machine
learning techniques are better than lexicon based methods for
sentimental classification but got less accuracy in topic level
classification.
Chuanming Yu et al., [7] proposed SVM (Support Vector
Machine) model for sentimental analysis and compared
proposed system with Maximum entropy method .From the
comparison he concluded that SVM Method performs better
in terms of precision and recall rates. Tiara et al., [8] used
SVM classifier for extracting classical features of data set.
They applied Chi-Square weight feature for N-gram features
along with other extraction techniques. The authors said that
SVM is robust and does text classification with good result.
Deepu S. Nair et al., [9] analyzed Malayalam movies by
applying machine learning approaches. They used mixture of
rule based technique and machine learning approach.
Lijuan Zheng et al. [10] performed sentiment analysis on
Chinese reviews with n-char-gram features and n-pos-gram
features. The proposed work utilized support vector machine
classifier for sentiment analysis purpose. The result concluded
that svm with 4-pos-gram features achieved best result when
compared to n-char-grams. A sentence level opinion analysis
is performed using cloud machine learning techniques [11].
The proposed system integrates the cloud and supervised
machine learning technique that are NB, SVM and neural
network method to classify the review into various classes.
The result concluded that SVM performs better when
compared to other techniques.
Mesut Kaya et al. [12] conducted a study on opinion analysis
of Turkish news with machine learning approach. The four
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classification methods: SVM, Maximum Entropy, NB and n-
gram language model are used for classification out of which
n-gram language model and maximum entropy performed
better. Rihab Bouchlaghem et al. [13] proposed a method to
classify Arabic tweets using machine learning approach. They
compared the performance of various classifiers: K-nearest
neighbor, Decision trees, NB, random forest and SVM along
with n-gram character features. The result concluded that
SVM classifier gives the better result when compared to other
classifier. Rasika Wankhede et al., [14] performed sentiment
analysis using random forest method on movie reviews and
compared the result with previous research works. The
outcome concluded that the random forest outperforms the
maximum entropy, NB and SVM. A comparative study is
performed by Songo Tan et al., [15] whose result showed that
Information Gain and SVM performs best for aspect selection
and sentiment classification among various methods.
Fernandes, Roshan, and Rio D’Souza GL [16] performed the
semantic analysis of English text using machine learning
techniques. The authors have not considered real time tweets
for analysis.
III. EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing uni-gram Lexicon system gave the overall
counting of only the sentiment words which did not include
the increment, decrement and inverted words which can be
used along with the sentiment words. For instance, it
considered the positive word ‘not bad’ as a negative statement
since it did not take into account of the invert word ‘not’. This
lowered the overall accuracy of the result which considered
only the sentiment words. Sometimes user uses
emoticons/emojis while posting their reviews for a product.
This enhances the meaning and adds more value to the
reviews. Processing of such emoticons is not done in the
existing system. This is one of the major drawbacks found
here. Sometimes user may be interested in knowing the
polarity of only specific features of the product say,
‘speed/performance’ for a product Laptop or the ‘Picture
quality’ for the product Camera. It may be time consuming for
the user to go through all the feature based reviews. This
facility is not included in the existing system.
We proposed bi-gram Lexicon based sentiment analysis
system which considers even the increment words like ‘very’,
‘too’ etc., decrement words like ‘least’ and inverted words like
‘not’ along with the sentiment words like ‘nice’ which help in
increasing the accuracy of the result. Some specific value is
assigned to these increment/decrement words which when
used along with the sentiment words, calculates the sum and
gives an expected result. The proposed system even considers
the emoticons used along with the review, processes them and
gives the sentiment of the emoji used. This value is added to
the sentiment word value. Thus increasing the accuracy of the
output. Sometimes it may be enough to just give the
negative/positive ratings about the product. User may be
willing to know how good the feature of the product is. Hence
this application also allows the user to choose the product
features of his interest to get the summarized information
about the product feature. This saves his time in reading all the
reviews pertaining to that feature.
 IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM
This section describes the overall framework for
extracting and analyzing real time online reviews. As a first
part the online reviews are extracted from e-commerce sites.
This process of extracting information from the websites is
called as web scraping. In the next part, these reviews are sent
to sentiment analysis system which classifies reviews into
positive and negative. The sentiment analysis is done uni-
gram Lexicon ,bi-gram Lexicon and Support Vector Machine
approaches. In uni-gram Lexicon based approach, only the
words tagged as adjective are considered because these are the
opinion words and calculations are done using these words. In
bi-gram Lexicon, along with opinion words, increment-
decrement words and inverted words are also taken into
account. Based on these words calculations are done and
reviews are classified into positive and negative. In SVM,
model is constructed using a training dataset and reviews are
classified using this model. Fig. 1 shows Flow of Proposed
system.
Fig. 1. Flow of Proposed system
A. Web Scrapping
The review page of e-commerce website like Amazon.in
for various products like laptops and camera is extracted by
using ‘Scrapy’. Scrapy is a crawler or web scraping tool used
in python. It is used to extract data from websites. Here, we
used scrappy to extract the reviews of electronic gadgets like
laptop and cameras from the Amazon website. This review
data is stored in a text file and used in the next stage of the
process.
B. Preprocessing
In the process of pre-processing, the first step that has to
be carried out is splitting the paragraph of text into a list of
words. This process called tokenization. Tokenization
performs the following steps:
x Considers the text with punctuation characters and
splits into separate tokens
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x Split off commas and single quotes, when followed
by whitespace
x Considers the periods that appear at the end of line
to split into separate tokens
For example the sentence "They talk less and work more."
after preprocessing and tokenizing ['They', 'talk', 'less', 'and',
'work', 'more'].
After tokenization, replaced all SMS and slang words (g8)
with their appropriate full form. For example, short word
Āomgā is replaced by Āoh my god”.
C. Aspect Extraction
POS Tagging is used for mapping up a word in a text with
its corresponding part of speech, based on both its definition
and its context.
For example the sentence before POS tagging ->['this', 'is',
'a', 'mobile']
After POS tagging -> [('this', ['DT']), ('is', ['VB']), ('a',
['DT']), ('mobile', ['NN'])] where DT,VB and NN are the
notations used for Determiner, Verb and Noun.
In our study only explicit aspects are extracted and most of
the explicit features appear in product review are Nouns. But
all nouns are not considered as aspects. So for filtering
irrelevant aspects, we have maintained corpus of Broad
aspects categories like Appearance, Performance, Picture
Quality and cost for products Laptop and Camera.
D. Sentiment Classification Using Lexicon based method:
After POS tagging, adjectives are considered as sentiment
words. While calculating score of sentiment words we also
consider pre and post words. We have maintained corpus of
positive/negative sentiment words with score, the increment
words/decrement words that stresses on positive or negative
word, the words that can negate the meaning of the positive
or negative word following, the positive /negative emoticons
which is extracted from web page .If the increment or
decrement or inverting or any features or positive emoticons
or negative emoticons are not present in the previous tag then
they are handled separately. The Algorithm 1 for sentiment
classification.
For aspect level classification the sentences that contain
aspects like Appearance, Performance, Picture Quality and
cost are extracted. If the previous token is aspect token then
the Token score is taken corresponding aspect score.
The final score list of all sentences are found as shown in the
following pseudocode.
Let score_list[0] contains the positive sentences with positive
score, score_list[1] contain negative sentences with negative
score .
for sentence in review do
val=find_token_score(sentence)
if (val>0) then
add sentence to score_list[0]
elseif (val<0) then
add sentence to score_list[1]
else neutral sentence
return(score_list)
 Algorithm 1: Sentiment classification
Data: Dataset:= Product Reviews, Positive/Negative
sentiment word list, Increment/Decrement word list, Inverted
word list, Emoticons list
Result: Classification:=Positive, Negative and Neutral
Notaions: PC:Positive score, NC:Negative score,TC:Token
score,SC:Sentence score
While tokens in review sentence do
current_token=sentence_token
TC=0;
sentimentFlag=Flag
if (current_token € sentiment word list) then
Update TC from sentiment word list
sentimentFlag=TRUE 
end if Fig. 2. Support vector machine in a classification
end while
Hu Dataset contains reviews for Camera product and is
While(sentimentFlag= TRUE) do given in the <aspect><polarity><explicit| Implicit> format.
if (previous_token € increment list The reviews with aspect, polarity and explicit tags are added
TC=TC+1; to our dataset.
elseif (previous_token € decrement list)
TC=TC-1; Dataset contain 3000 positive reviews and 3000 negative
elseif (previous_token € inverted list) reviews. This dataset is divided in 70:30 ratios in order to
TC=~TC form training and testing data. The Algorithm 2.1 for
elseif (previous_token € emoticons list) Building model and Algorithm 2.2 for classification is shown
EV=get_emoticon_value(previous_token) below:
Algorithm 2.1: Building Model
TC=EV+TC; Data: Training Dataset
end if Result: Model
for each reviews in the dataset do
return(TC) Transfer into vectors
Apply SVM to cluster vectors under appropriate class
E. Sentiment Classification Using SVM: end for
SVM is the most popularly used supervised machine for each positive & negative cluster group do
learning technique. It simply follows the linear classification Build the model
algorithm. It finds the hyperplane that linearly separates the end for
data into two different classes. The data points used for Algorithm 2.2: Classification
classification are termed as support vector. Fig. 2 shows the Data: Review dataset
set of data points labeled with two classes Yes or No. Where Result: Classification:= Positive, Negative
target equals to Yes taken as positive class and target equal to for each reviews in review dataset do
No is taken as negative class.The SVM chooses hyperplane convert review into vector
from the training dataset that maximizes the margin between end for
the two classes. Training datasets which are treated as support for each n vectors do
vectors. map vector into model
The hyperplane is given by equation (1) if vectors are clustered under positive group vectors
then
ሬሬሬሬԦ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ ൅ ܾ ൌ σ௜ ‫ݕ‬௜ ‫ן‬௜ ሺ‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ Ǥ ‫ݔ‬
‫ݓ‬Ǥ ሬሬሬԦሻ ൅ ܾ ൌ Ͳ………………… (1)
Positive review
else
Where ‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬௜ଵ ǡ ‫ݔ‬௜ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ‫ݔ‬௜௡ ሻ is an input vector,‫ݕ‬௜ is its
Negative review
output value, ‫ݓ‬ ሬሬԦ ൌ ሺ‫ݓ‬ଵ ǡ ‫ݓ‬ଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ‫ݓ‬௡ ሻ is the weight vector
end if
defining hyperplane and ‫ן‬௜ are Lagrangian multipliers. Once
end for
the hyperplane is constructed, the class of any input vector ‫ݔ‬Ԧ
is can be determined:
After extraction of aspects, reviews are categorized into
If ሬሬሬሬԦ
‫ݓ‬Ǥ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ ൅ ܾ ൒ Ͳ then it belongs to the positive class,
different aspect categories. For sentiment analysis, the reviews
otherwise it belongs to negative class.
from each category are fed to model for classification. The
For building SVM model, we have prepared dataset for
learning model, classifies reviews into positive and negative.
building model which is extracted from Amazon.com for
The results are shown in Section V.
Laptop and camera. Also we have taken dataset from Hu and
Liu research [10]. V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
We have extracted reviews from Amazon website using a
web scraping tool called ‘Scrapy’ and store the reviews of

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 each product in separate text files which will be used for We have done aspect level sentiment analysis on real time
processing in later stages. As an experiment we have product reviews extracted from Amazon website. The
considered two electronic gadgets Laptop and Camera. For implementation of sentiment classification is performed with
Laptops we have collected online reviews of three popular Lexicon approach, uni-gram, bi-gram features and SVM. The
brands namely Lenovo, Dell and HP. For Camera, the popular performance of the methods are measured using Accuracy,
two brands Sony and Nikon are considered for analysis. Table Precision, Recall and F1 measure as shown in the formula (2),
I shows the aspects extracted from the laptop reviews (2), (3) and (4). Table II shows the confusion matrix of three
approaches for the test dataset.
TABLE I. SAMPLE EXTRACTED ASPECTS
TABLE II. CONFUSION MATRIX OF T EST DATASET
Product Extracted Aspects
TP TN FP FN
Laptop Price, Memory, design, color, feeling, battery, Unigram
display, keyboard, sound, performance, 335 221 205 177
Lexicon
configuration, quality, design, hardware, sound, Bigram
webcam, screen, driver. 397 280 143 118
Lexicon
Camera Charger, price, screen, camera, lens, zoom, quality, SVM 458 334 82 64
battery, memory.

்௉ା்ே
The Fig. 3 depicts that the positive sentiment count of dell ‫ ݕܿܽݎݑܿܿܣ‬ൌ ……………………… (2)
்௉ା்ேାி௉ାிே
laptop is greater when compared to HP and Lenevo and HP
்௉
laptop's positive sentiment count is less compared to dell but ܲ‫ ݊݋݅ݏ݅ܿ݁ݎ‬ൌ ……………………………….. (3)
்௉ାி௉
more compared to Lenevo Hence from the user feedbacks the
்௉
buyer can make a decision which laptop to buy. ܴ݈݈݁ܿܽ ൌ ்௉ାிே …………………………….……... (4)
ଶ‫כ‬௉௥௘௖௜௦௜௢௡‫כ‬ோ௘௖௔௟௟
‫ ͳܨ‬ൌ …………………………….. (5)
௉௥௘௖௜௦௜௢௡ାோ௘௖௔௟௟

Where TP denotes number of reviews classified correctly

as positive, TN denotes the number of reviews classified
correctly as negative, FN denotes number of reviews
classified wrongly as negative and FP denotes the number of
reviews classified wrongly as positive. The Fig. 5 depicts the
performance measure of sentiment classification techniques.
From the result we can conclude that the SVM performs better
than Lexicon based approach as SVM got highest accuracy
that is 84%.
Fig. 3. Comparison of Positive, Negative Reviews of Lenevo, HP, and Dell
laptop

Similarly we have analyzed reviews of Camera products.

The popular two brands Sony and Nikon are considered for
analysis. Fig. 4 depicts the sentiment of score of two brands of
camera. The Nikon camera has got minimum negative
feedbacks. Hence Nikon camera when considered
individually is a good purchase for a new buyer who wants to
buy camera according to the summary of positive ,negative
and neutral feedback that was given to the camera by the
customers who already bought the camera.
It is hard to tell how accurate the sentimental analysis
result is. The degree of accuracy depends on how we measure,
the level of text we are analyzing, the number and type of
dataset we choose for analyzing. Fig. 5. Performance measures of sentiment classification techniques.

VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

Fig. 4. Comparison of Positive and Negative reviews of Nikon and Sony
camera
Our system provides a platform for the users where they can
see the total scores of positive and negative reviews of the
products they wish to buy. With the continuous emergence of
new gadgets, it is important for a person to know the qualities
of that product before buying it and there is no better way of
doing this without asking the opinions of those who have
already used it. But going through hundreds of reviews is a
time consuming task and we may not even arrive with a
decision. Hence, our system will take the burden of analyzing
each and every review, and score them as positive and

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