Note: There has been a recent trend to increase

Width Gland ∅ − Rod ∅ the amount of interference to a nominal value in

Height =
2 the range 20 to 25%, particularly for face seal
Width = Width arrangements. Keep in mind; most design
standards are for the regular materials in general
purpose applications. Some materials, such as
Bore Ø perfluoroelastomers, require special consideration
as the high temperatures of operation and low
Gland Ø Rod Ø
strength at high temperature mean that care is
Figure 2.3: Rod Gland Seal
required to avoid overstressing the material and
important measurements and interference is normally recommended to be
calculation. limited to 13–15% maximum.

Bore ∅ − Gland∅ Gland Fill

Height Height =
2
The volume percentage of the gland that is
Width = Width
Width occupied by an O-ring is called gland fill. The
cross-section of the gland and CS of O-ring are
used to calculate the gland fill.

Gland ID Gland OD
O-Ring Cross-Sectional Area
Figure 2.5: Face Gland Seal important 𝑪𝑺 CS
measurements and calculation. O-ring CSA =π x ²
𝟐

Width Bore ∅ − Gland∅

Heigh =
2

Width = Width
Gland CSA = Height x Width
Width
Piston Ø
Gland Ø
Bore Ø Height

Figure 2.4: Piston Gland Seal

measurements and calculation.