MODULE 4 – Part 3 a.

Flat-Bottom model- this is the easiest to

build. It requires fewer tools and the least
I. Fishing Boat Defined hours of work to complete in any given
A fishing boat is an open vessel or water craft propelled length. This model is traditionally used in
by oars, sails and an engine. It is used in catching, constructing small boats like the rowboats
transporting or managing fish and other aquatic and light boat measuring up to 50 feet. They
resources. It is the most important equipment in fish are usually unstable in rough water.
capture especially in deep sea fishing. b. V- Bottom Model- This type is the most
Classes of Fishing Boat common model used by fisherfolks. It is
characterized by having a V-shaped bottom.
1. Building Materials Because of its shape, it can run faster than
any other boat model. It is stable and sea
a. Wood
worthy.
b. Plywood
c. Round- bottom Model- this model may
c. Steel be difficult to construct by most amateur boat
builders. However, this model is preferred
d. Galvanized Steel than other models because it has
hydrodynamic surfaces making each part of
e. Aluminum
the boat balanced. It tends to roll in rough
f. Plastics waters.

g. Fabrics 4. Propulsion Methods

2. Size a. Motor boat- this type of boat is propelled

by an engine usually run by gasoline. A motor
a. Length boat is fastest among the types of boats.

b. Tonnage b. Oar boat- this type of boat is propelled by

oars mechanically moved by a boatman. This
b.1 Gross Tonnage- the total enclosed space
type of boat is light. The canoe and rowboat
of the vessel minus the space for ballast
are good examples.
tanks and galleys. Example: Passenger’s
vessel c. Sail boat- this is propelled by a sail which
catches the wind. It depends on wind waves
b.2 Displacement Tonnage- the weight of
that cause the sail to function.
the ship with its normal full load. This is
equal to the weight of the water it displaces 5. Types of Construction

Example: Naval Vessel

b.3 Deadweight Tonnage- the number of
tons a vessel may carry in terms of supplies
like water, fuel, cargo, passengers and
crews. Example: Freighters or Tankers
Planking is the collective name for the planks
that are joined to each other and to the frames to form
the hull and decks of a wooden boat. Several forms of
planking were used for small boats in the traditional
days of wooden boatbuilding, the following being the
most common:

3. Form of the Hull or style of structure a. Carvel planking, in which the ends and
sides of the planks were butted to each
other to form a smooth outer surface. The
 seams were filled with caulking cotton and
stopped with filling compound.
b. Lapstrake or clinker planking, made famous
by the Viking long ships, in which each
plank slightly overlapped the one below it.
This provided great strength with light
framing, and no caulking was needed after
the wood had absorbed water and swollen.
c. Double diagonal planking, consisting of two
or more layers of planking laid at angles to
one another. The inner planking might be
laid from keel to gunwale, for example, and
the outer planking from bow to stern.
Unbleached calico, well oiled or varnished,
was often inserted between the skins; the
result was a strong light hull.
d. Strip planking, in which thin pliable strips of
wood, almost square in section, were laid
on top of each other and edge-nailed and
glued in place. It made a strong hull without
open seams and needed only light frames.
e. Marine plywood sheets, which were cut to
the shape of the hull and decks and
fastened to the frames. This was strong,
light, and easy for amateur builders. The
glue in the layers of plywood also prevented
deep penetration by wood-boring mollusks.
f. Modern wooden planking is likely to be
slightly smaller in section because
additional strength is gained by sheathing it
in fiberglass or other structural materials
soaked in epoxy resin to make a strong,
light wood-epoxy composite. With epoxy to
prevent wood from rotting and to unite
many strips of wood in a one-piece, or
monocoque, structure, wooden boat
building is very much with us, although
significantly transformed.
6. Types of fisheries involved
a. Trawler fishing Boat- this boat is used for
deep water fishing and is usually bigger than other
types of boat. Fish trawls are moved upward by using a
power block. Usually this type of fishing boat is
supported by another small boat for dragging fish and
moving up trawls.
b. Purse or beach seine fishing Boat- this type
of fishing boat is engine propelled. The boat is used in
detecting and dragging fish towards the seine and in
positioning the seine in its proper place.
c. Gill net and trap fishing boat- this boat can
be a motor or not. Usually it has a single outrigger to
facilitate throwing and pulling out gill nets and ease in
collecting the fish caught.
d. Long Liner Fishing Boat- this type of fishing
boat has a large and wide deck, strong horse-powered
engine, and can sail fast. The physical ability of the crew
and engine power is important in this fishing boat
because the troll line can catch a considerable amount
of big fish like tuna and tambakol.
e. Pole and line Vessel and Handliner- a
handline and a pole and line are used in this type of
fishing boat. The boat can be powered by a motor or
oars depending upon the body of water where it is to be
used.
f. bag Net Fishing Boat- this type of fishing
boat uses a fish net with a bunt. It is big and is propelled
by a strong engine.
II. Principles of Floatation
ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE:
WHEN AN OBJECT IS IMMERSED IN A FLUID, THE
UPTHRUST ON THE OBJECT IS
EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF THE FLUID DISPOLACED.
The buoyancy acting on the object due to water must
exactly counteract the weight of the object, i.e. the two
have equal magnitude. So, a partially immersed object
floats in a liquid when the buoyancy acting on it equals
the weight of the object. A large ship at sea floats
precisely because the weight of the seawater it
displaces,
An equivalent and useful criterion for flotation of any
object is that it will float in a liquid, if the density of the
object is less than that of the liquid.
THE LAW OF FLOTATION:
A floating object displaces its own weight of the fluid in
which it floats.
The object must make room for its own volume by
pushing aside, or displacing, an equivalent (or equal)
volume of liquid. The object must make room for its
own volume by pushing aside, or displacing, an
equivalent (or equal) volume of liquid. The object is
exerting a downward force on the water and the water
is therefore exerting an upward force on the object. Of
course the floating object's weight comes into play also.
The solid body floats when it has displaced just enough
water to equal its own original weight.
This principle is called buoyancy. Buoyancy is the loss in
weight an object seems to undergo when placed in a
liquid, as compared to its weight in air. Archimedes'
principle states that an object fully or partly immersed
in a liquid is buoyed upward by a force equal to the
weight of the liquid displaced by that object. From this
principle, he concluded that a floating object displaces
an amount of liquid equal to its own weight.
*ships floating on water:
Any change in the density of the surrounding water
affects the level at which ships float.
Fresh water is less dense than salt water. So a ship
floats lower in fresh water than it does in salt water.
Warm water is les dense than cold water, so a ship
floats lower in the water if the temperature rises.
A boat loaded to its maximum in cold, salty water could
float dangerously low if sailing in low warm water. To
prevent this, all ships now have 'maximum load' or
Plimsoll lines marked on their side
iii. Parts of a Fishing Boat
Super Structure- a cubicle found almost at the
center of a fishing boat where engine is located.
Hull- the main body of the boat
Bow- front part of the boat
Stern- the rear portion of the boat
Starboard- the right side of the boat
Port side- the left side of the boat
Mast- the longitudinal pole made of timber, steel or
bamboo rising from the keel to the deck. In a
sailboat it is the part that holds the sail
Gunwale or Rail- the part where the outrigger
beam is attached. It is made of wood and is placed
above the last plank of the boat to achieve good
finish
Propeller- the part responsible for running a
motorboat. It is connected to the engine by shaft
Rudder- the part of a motorboat located near the
propeller. It is attached to the pivot or tiller and is
responsible for directing the boat to any desired
direction
Waterline- the part of the boat which represents
the level reached by the water surface on the side
of the boat
Deck- the floor-like platform of a big fishing boat
where fish caught are hauled and collected from the
net
Outrigger- the part of the boat usually made of
bamboo and placed diagonally on boat with a
parallel portion connecting each other to keep the
boat balance. This can be also can be used in
putting down nets
Frame- the part of the boat where planking is
nailed. It is also the structure that gives the boat a
transverse shape and rigidity
Stay- a rope or steel which connects the upper part
of the mast and the outrigger beam. This holds the
mast in place.
Keel- the inner bottom part of the boat
Planking- the wood used as siding of the boat
Tiller- handle by which the rudder is controlled
Stem- the elongation of the bow and stern
iv. Characteristics of a Fishing Boat
for municipal fishing boats
must be safe and seaworthy with high stability
must have strong resistance to against strong
winds and waves
for commercial fishing boats:
must be well facilitated with fishing gear and
other necessary materials to harvest fish effectively
gear must be suitable to the species of fish one is
after
 suited for long distance navigation
must be supplied to travel to and from the
fishing ground and to operate while fishing
must be arranged to permit the necessary
stowage and transport of caught fish and gears
required to have sufficient speed so as to look
and follow the schools of fish
required to have ample maneuverability during
the searching and fishing operations
the engine is required to be powerful enough
and preferably small in size to fit into the limited space
general characteristics
1) Speed- it may be either high or low speed,
depending on the kind of fishing operation
involved.
2) Maneuverability- its movement must be easily
controlled for efficient fishing operation
3) High Resistance and Stability- it must have the
capacity to withstand varied conditions of
weather and seas
4) Stoutness of Hull Structure and Construction- its
hull structure and construction have to be
strong enough for the safety of the gears and
crew on board and to be able to carry the catch
to home port in best condition
5) Propulsion- its push must be forceful enough to
meet the desired speed and horsepower, and to
prolong the usage or service of the hull
structure
6) Fish Hold/Storage- its ice keeping room or box
should be fully insulated
7) Fishing equipment and Accessories or
Components- its components and facilities have
to be readily available and capable to hasten the
fishing operation and for distant navigation
8) Navigation Distance- primarily, the size of the
boat, its strength of materials and construction
and loading capability for the specific number of
fishing days should all be relative to the distance
its navigating
A watercraft is a vehicle, vessel or craft designed to
move across (or through) water, including saltwater and
freshwater, for pleasure, recreation, physical
exercise, commerce, transport and military missions. It is
derived from the term "craft" which was used as term to
describe all types of water going vessels.
Most watercraft would be described as either a ship or
a boat. However, there are a number of craft which
many people would consider neither a ship nor a boat,
such
as: canoes, kayaks, rafts, barges, catamarans, hydrofoil
s, windsurfers, surfboards (when used as a paddle
board), jet skis, underwater robots, seaplanes,
and torpedoes.
Although ships are typically larger than boats, the
distinction between those two categories is not one of
size per se.
 Ships typically are large ocean-going
vessels. Boats are smaller and travel most often on
inland or coastal waters.
 A rule of thumb says "a boat can fit on a ship,
but a ship can't fit on a boat", and a ship usually has
sufficient size to carry its own boats, such
as lifeboats, dinghies, or runabouts.
 Local law and regulation may define the exact
size (or the number of masts) that distinguishes a
ship from a boat.
 Traditionally submarines were called "boats",
perhaps reflecting their cramped conditions: small
size reduces the need for power, and thus the need
to surface or snorkel for a supply of the air that
running diesel engines requires; in contrast, nuclear-
powered submarines'reactors supply abundant
 power without consuming air, and such craft are
large, much roomier, and classed as ships.
 A ship is any floating craft that transports cargo
for the purpose of earning revenue; in that context, a
passenger ship's "cargo" is its passengers.
However, neither fishing boats nor ferries are
considered ships, though both carry cargo (their
catch of the day or passengers) and ferries carry
lifeboats.
A boat is a watercraft of modest size designed to float
or plane, to provide passage across water. Usually this
water will be inland (lakes) or in protected coastal areas.
However, boats such as the whaleboat were designed to
be operated from a ship in an offshore environment.
Innaval terms, a boat is something small enough to be
carried aboard another vessel (a ship). Strictly speaking
and uniquely a submarine is a boat as defined by
the Royal Navy. Some boats too large for the naval
definition include the Great Lakes
freighter, riverboat, narrowboat and ferryboat.

A ship (  Audio (US) (help·info)) is a large vessel that

floats on water. Ships are generally distinguished
from boats based on size and cargo or passenger
capacity. In traditional terms, ships were considered to
be vessels which had at least one continuous water-tight
deck extending from bow to stern. However, some
modern designs for ships, and boats, have made that
particular definition less accurate. Ships may be found
on lakes, seas, and rivers and they allow for a variety of
activities, such as the transport of
people or goods, fishing, entertainment, public safety,
and warfare.