CARBON CAPTURE

AND
GREEN TECHNOLOGY
CARBON CAPTURE
INTRODUCTION :

Carbon capture is a climate change mitigation technology where CO 2 is captured from power
plant and other industrials processes instead of being emitted to the atmosphere .The
technology can capture up to 90% of CO 2 released by burning fossil fuels in electricity
generation and industrial processes such as cement production.

IMPORTANCE :

Why CO2 capture and storage is an important strategy to reduce global CO 2 emissions.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change(IPCC), global greenhouse gas
emissions must be reduced by 50% to 80% by 2050 to avoid dramatic consequences of global
warming.

EXAMPLE:

Industrial processes where large scale carbon capture has been demonstrated and is
commercial operation, fertilizer production, natural gas processing, refinery hydrogen
production and most recently, coal-fired power generation.

LIST OF KEY COMPANIES :

1. Fluor Corporation (U.S)

2. Exxonmobil (U.S)

3. Carbon Engineering Ltd (Canada)

4. ADNOC Group (UAE)

5. Equinor (Norway)

6. China National Petroleum Corporation (China)

7. Dakota Gasification Company (U.S)

8. Shell (Netherland)

9. IOCL (India)

10. ONGC (India)

Indian Oil Corporation limited is a government owned oil and gas company in India that
accounts for nearly half of India’s petroleum product market share, operating 11 of the
country’s share.

In 2019, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with
the Oil and natural Gas corporation (ONGC), another Indian government owned oil and gas
company, on a combined CCUS and Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) system. EOR refers to the
process by which co2 transported and injected into a depleting oilfield to increase oil
production. As per the MOU, Co 2 that is captured at IOCL’s Koyali refinery would be transported
by pipeline to the nearby ONGC Gangadhar oilfield in the state of Gujarat. Additionally, IOCL
has also signed a similar MoU with Oil India Ltd (OIL) for IOCL’s Digboi refinery to provide co 2 for
EOR at OIL’s Naharkatiya and Dikom oilfield in the state of Assam.
TYPES OF CARBON CAPTURE :

There is three main types of carbon capture and Technology that could eventually help reduce
emission from power stations and other industrials sites:

1. Pre-combustion

2. Post-combustion

3. Oxyfuel

1.PRE-COMBUSTION:

This method is normally applied to coal gasification combined-cycle power plants. The coal is
gasified to produce a synthetic gas made from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The former is
reacted with water to produce CO 2, which is captured, and ore hydrogen. The hydrogen can be
diverted to a turbine where it can be burned to produce electricity. Alternatively, some of these
gases can be bled off to feed hydrogen fuel cells for cars.

One disadvantages of the pre-combustion method is that it cannot be retro-fitted to the older
pulverized coal power plants that make up much of the world’s installed base of fossil fuel
power. It could perhaps be used in natural gas station, where a synthetic gas is first produced
by reacting the methane with steam to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen. But the
economic advantages of this method over post-combustion is yet to be proven.
2.POST-COMBUSTION

In this method, co2 is separated from the flue gas of the power station by bubbling the gas
through an absorber column packed with liquid solvents (such as ammonia). In the most widely
used system once the chemicals in the absorber column become saturated, a steam of
superheated steam at around 120C is passed through it. This releases the trapped co 2 which can
then be transported for storage elsewhere.

Most experimental technique to scrub co2 from flue gas without the two-step process include
using seawater to absorb the gas and then returning the mixture back to the ocean for long-
term storage. But, so far these methods have proved less efficient and reliable.
3. OXYFUEL

When coal, oil or natural gas is burned in normal air, CO 2 makes up around 3-15% of the waste
gas - and separating it out is difficult and energy-intensive. An alternative method is to burn the
fuel in pure oxygen. In this environment, virtually all the waste gas will be composed of co 2 and
water vapors. The latter can be condensed out while the former can be piped or transported
directly to a storage facility.

In the oxyfuel system, the challenge is separating large volumes of air into liquid oxygen,
gaseous nitrogen, argon and other trace gases. This process can use up to 15% of the power
produced at the station.

CONCLUSION:

Carbon capture is an attractive option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and could even
help remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
GREEN TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION :

Green technology refers to any technology intended to reduce the impact of humans on the
environment. This includes technologies that reduce resource usage as well as incorporate
renewable resources. It is an umbrella term that describes the use of technology the science to
create product that are more environmentally friendly. …..examples of green technology
infrastructure used to recycle waste, purify water, create clean energy, and conserve natural
resources.

NEED:

The main purpose of green technology is to slow down global warming and reduce the
greenhouse effect. The main idea is the creation of the new technologies which do not damage
the natural resources. This should results into less harm to people, species and the general
health of our planet.

BENEFITS:

It is an encompassing term. It deals with using science and technology in order to protect the
environment. This technology is used to breathe life back into a damage eco-system it is also
referred to as environmental technology or clean technology.

SOME EXAMPLES
1. Waste water treatment

2. Elimination of industrial emission

3. Recycle and waste management

4. Self-sufficient buildings

5. Waste-to-energy

6. Generation of energy from the waves

7. Vehicles that do not emit gases

8. Harnessing solar energy

9. Smart household devices

10. Food production

 PROS CONS
1.Energy saving 1. High R & d costs

2. slowing down global warming 2. High implementation costs

3. Reduction of air pollution 3. green technology is still quite immature

4. Less soil pollution 4. Technical issue

5. Less water pollution 5. Implementation will take many years

6. Reduction in plastic pollution 6. High product costs

7. Green tech may save natural resources 7. lack of knowledge of the general public

8. May allow us to feed more people on a 8. Some companies may go out of business

global scale 9. Job losses

9. May protect the poorest among us 10. Sophisticated regulatory framework

10. Waste reduction needed

11. Effective recycling 11. Not everything that is labeled as green is

12. Sustainable energy production actually green

13. New business opportunities

14. May strengthen a company’s brand

15. tax advantages

CONCLUSION:

Green technologies have many important advantages and will become even more important in
the future since we have to solve our environmental problems sooner or later.

However, there are some problem related to environmental technology that have to addressed
by regulators in order to assure a framework where we as humanity can use green tech as
efficiently as possible to improve our ecological footprint on a global scale.

Ref:

Emagazine.com Sciencedirect.com

Climate-chance.org investopedia.com

Wikipedia.org usgreentechnology.com

C2es.org theguardian.com

Thank you