SINHGAD TECHNICAL EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Kusgaon (Bk), Lonavala 410401

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

LABORATORY MANUAL

Engineering Mechanics [101011]

F.E. (SEM-II)

AY 2020-21

Developed By

Dr. Mrunal Joshi

 F Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Engineering
E Lonavala Mechanics

Vision and Mission of Institute

VISION

“We are committed to produce not only good engineers but good human beings, also.”

MISSION
 We believe in and work for the holistic development of students and teachers.
 We strive to achieve this by imbibing a unique value system, transparent work culture,
excellent academic and physical environment conducive to learning, creativity and
technology transfer.

Vision and Mission of the Department

VISION
The department of Engineering Sciences is committed to support the core engineering programs with
fundamental knowledge and skills with acumen to be leaders amongst the generation of engineers.

MISSION
The department of Engineering Sciences strives to incorporate the best pedagogical methods to deliver
basic sciences to engineering students and to guide them to be proactive learners, deep thinkers and
responsible citizens in the early stages of their engineering education.

Short Term Goals

 To foster students of first year engineering for the respective programs of engineering through
expert lectures, seminars & mini projects.
 To implement activity plan for overall development of students.
 To develop laboratories for meaningful implementation of curriculum and then for research.
 To encourage continuous up-gradation of faculty members through higher education and
external interface with other universities.

2 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

 Long Term Goals
 To apply project and problem based leaning approach for first year engineering program to
create a bridge to support to core departments for guiding projects of students.
 To cultivate research in the field of Engineering Sciences for the benefit of society.

Program Educational Objectives (PEO’s)

I. To provide opportunity to acquire strong theoretical and sound practical knowledge of basic
sciences, so as to enable them to excel in further education.
II. To develop talent among students to innovate, communicate, analyse, interpret and apply
technical concepts to solve real time engineering problems.
III.To aware and accomplish scientific and engineering breadth amongst student through various
curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities.
IV. To inculcate professional and ethical attitude among students for providing engineering
solution in a global and societal context.
V. To accomplish the overall development of students with the aid of project based learning
environment.

Program Outcomes: POs

POs are statements that describe what students are expected to know and be able to do upon
graduating from the program. These relate to the skills, knowledge, analytical ability attitude and
behavior that students acquire through the program.

i) Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
ii) Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences
and engineering sciences.
iii) Design/Development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
iv) Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions for complex problems:
 that cannot be solved by straightforward application of knowledge, theories and techniques
applicable to the engineering discipline as against problems given at the end of chapters in a
typical text book that can be solved using simple engineering theories and techniques;
 that may not have a unique solution. For example, a design problem can be solved in many ways
and lead to multiple possible solutions;

3 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

  that require consideration of appropriate constraints / requirements not explicitly given in the
problem statement such as cost, power requirement, durability, product life, etc.;
 which need to be defined (modelled) within appropriate mathematical framework; and
 that often require use of modern computational concepts and tools, for example, in the design of
an antenna or a DSP filter.
v) Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.
vi) The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.
vii) Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for
sustainable development.
viii) Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms
of the engineering practice.
ix) Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in
diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
x) Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.
xi) Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
xii) Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and lifelong learning in the broadest context of technological change.

Program Specific Outcomes: PSOs

1. Get solid foundation in basic sciences along with engineering fundamentals for a successful
professional career.
2. Able to co-relate engineering issues to broad social context.

4 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Course Objectives: Course Objectives:
1. To impart knowledge about force systems and methods to determine resultant centroid
and moment of inertia.
2. To teach methods to calculate force of friction.
3. To impart knowledge to determine reaction of beams, calculate member forces in
trusses, cables and frames using principles of equilibrium.
4. To teach space force systems.
5. To train students to solve problems related to particle mechanics using principles
of kinematics, kinetics and work power energy.

Course Outcomes:
On completion of the course, student will be able to:-
CO1: Determine resultant of various force systems.
CO2: Determine centroid, moment of inertia and solve problems related to friction.
CO3: Determine reactions of beams, calculate forces in cables using principles of equilibrium.
CO4: Solve trusses, frames for finding member forces and apply principles of equilibrium to forces
in space.
CO5: Calculate position, velocity and acceleration of particle using principles of kinematics.
CO6: Calculate position, velocity and acceleration of particle using principles of kinetics and Work,
Power, Energy.

5 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. /Ms.

of class F.E. Div. Roll No. Examination Seat No./PRN No.

has completed all the practical work in the Subject Engineering Mechanics [101011] satisfactorily, as

prescribed by Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune in the academic year 2020 - 21 (Semester I /II).

Course In-charge Head of Department Principal

Date:

6
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)
 INDEX
Planned Date of Marks
Date of Sign of
SN Title of experiment Date performance Obtained
Submission Faculty
(10)

1 Verification of law of polygon of forces.

2 Support Reaction of Simple Beam.

Determination of Coefficient Friction of Belt/
3 Inclined planes

4 To determine Forces in Space Force System.

5 Curvilinear Motion

6 Determination of Coefficient of Restitution

Name & Signature of Course In-charge

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

7
 Name of the Student: Roll no:

CLASS: - F.E Division: Course: - Engineering Mechanics

Experiment No. 1

** Verification of law of polygon of forces **

Marks:/10

Date of Performance: //20 Sign with Date

Aim: To verify graphically equilibrium of particle using law of polygon of forces.

Objectives: Understand the application of Newton’s first law.

Outcomes: At the end of this experiment students should be able to:

1. Apply the concept of equilibrium.

2. To calculate resultant of concurrent force system.
3. Also calculate the resultant of concurrent force system graphically.

PEOs, POs, PSOs and COs satisfied:

PEOs: I, II POs: I, II, IV PSOs: I Cos: I

Theory:

“The Force table” is a simple tool for demonstrating Newton’s First Law and the vector nature
of forces. This tool is based on the principle of “equilibrium”. An object is said to be in
equilibrium when there is no net force acting on it. An object with no net force acting on it has no
acceleration. By using simple weight, pulleys and strings placed around a circular table, several forces
can be applied to an object located in the center of the table in such way that the forces exactly
cancel each other, leaving the object in equilibrium. (The object will appear to be at rest.) We will use
the force table and Newton’s First Law to study the components of the force vector.

Apparatus:
Universal force table, pulleys, threads, Slotted weight with hangers, level tube.

8 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Diagram:

Fig. Universal Force Table Apparatus

Procedure:

1. Place the U.F.T. on a firm platform.

2. Make the circular disc in horizontal position with foot screw.
3. Check the horizontal position of circular disc by spirit level.
4. Keep the ring at the centre of the disc and pass the five strings each over the five pulleys.
5. Put the slotted weights to each string so as to make pivot and ring concentric with each other.
6. Note the sum of slotted weights in each hanger as
7. Measure the angles included between the two adjacent pulleys and note them
as , as shown in figure.
8. Record the observations in the observation table.
9. Repeat the procedure and take the three readings.
10. Draw a force polygon for each reading by using suitable scale on a graph paper.

9 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Figure: F2

Ɵ1

Ɵ2
F3 Ɵ5

Ɵ3 Ɵ4
F4 F5

Observation Table:

Sr. Forces (in Newton) Angles Resultant

No.
Graphical Analytical
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Sample Calculation (Analytical):

R= =

10 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Conclusion:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..............

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................

11 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

 Conclusion: -
Name of the Student: Roll no:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
CLASS: - F.E
Division: Course: - Engineering Mechanics
Experiment No. 2
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

** Support Reaction of Simple Beam **

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Marks:/10

Date of Performance: //20 Sign with Date

Design Experiments/ Lab innovations ( over and above )

AIM: To verify the reactions of beam & principle of moments with the help of simply supported
beam.
Objectives: To understand active and reactive forces and their calculation. Also understand concept
of moment of forces.

Outcomes: At the end of this experiment students should be able to:

1. To calculate reactions of simple beam.

2. To calculate moment of forces.

PEOs, POs, PSOs and COs satisfied

PEOs: I, II POs: I, II, IV PSOs: I Cos: I

Apparatus:
Simply supported beam apparatus, meter scale, weights etc.
Theory:
A rigid body is said to be in equilibrium, when all forces whether, active & reactive forces acting on
the body reduce to zero. Thus the system of equilibrium forces, will not impart motion of translation
or rotation of rigid bodies.
Therefore the equations of equilibrium are
 FX = 0,  FY = 0,  M = 0.

12 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Figure:

W1 W2 W3

A x1 B
RA x2 RB
x3

L
Procedure:
1) Note the initial reading on the compression balance A & B when the beam is supported.
2) Suspend two different weights from the sliding hook against any division marked on beam.
3) Note the reaction on the beam given by reading of compression balance taking in to account
the initial 0 reading.
4) Calculate the reaction at both ends analytically.
5) Find out the % error in reactions.
Repeat the above procedure for different masses at different positions & take five reading.
Observation Table:

i. Initial reading on scale A = N

ii. Initial reading on scale B = N
iii. Length of the beam (L) = mm

Sr. Reading Reading

No. on scale on scale B W1 W2 W3 x1 x2 x3
A (N) (N) (N) (N) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(N)
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

13
Formulae:

MA = 0

 RB = W1 * (x1) + W2 * (x2) + W3 * (x3)

---------------------------------------------
L

FY = 0

RA = W1 + W2 + W3 – RB

Sample Calculation:

14 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Results:

Sr. Observed Analytical % Observed Analytical % Error

no. Reaction A Reaction A Error Reaction B Reaction B

(N) (N) (N) (N)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Sample Calculations:

Conclusion:

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

15
16 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)
 Name of the Student: Roll no:

CLASS: F.E Division: Course: Engineering Mechanics

Experiment No. 3

** Coefficient Friction of Belt **

Marks:/10

//20
Date of Performance: Sign with Date

AIM: To determine Coefficient of Friction.

Objectives: To understand concept of friction, there laws and types.

Outcomes: At the end of this experiment students should be able to:

1. To calculate coefficient of friction.
2. Understand concept of belt friction.

PEOs, POs, PSOs and COs satisfied

PEOs: I, II POs: I, II, IV PSOs: I Cos: II

Apparatus:

Belt friction apparatus, Flat belt and Weights.

Theory:
A. Law of friction :
Coulomb has conducted several experiments on friction, the results of which are summarised
as laws of friction.

17 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

1) Total friction that can be developed is independent of the magnitude of area of contact.
2) The total friction that can be developed is proportional to the normal force.
3) Coefficient of kinetic friction is slightly less than the coefficient of static friction.
B) Static & Kinetic friction: -
The above laws of friction may be expressed by the following formula.
Fs = s N Fk = k N Fk < Fs

Fs = Static frictional force

Fk = Kinetic frictional force
s = Coefficient of static friction
k = Coefficient of dynamic friction
C) Belt Friction :-
For adjusting lap angle  on drum, a pulley is used.( Assumption: The friction between pulley and
belt is zero.)Driving force is generated by the flat belt passing over the pulley. The friction that is
developed between a flexible belt and drum can be utilised for transmission of power and
applying brakes.
D) Flat Belts:
In the figure, a pulley is driven in the direction as shown. It is evident that the tension T 1 T2. T1
is called tight side & T2 is called slack side tension. The relation between T1 & T2 when slipping of
the belt impends is given by:
T1/T2 =eβ Where, β = angle of lap in radians. =Coefficient of static friction

Case1:-
Determination of  by maintaining  as constant.
1) Adjust the angle  by rotating the graduated disc such that desired angle  is observed below the
pointer.
2) Clean the surfaces of belt & pulley.
3) By holding the belt, add known wt. on T2 side (slack side.)
4) Adjust the weights on T1 side such that the belt just starts sliding over the pulley.
5) Repeat the procedure for five different values of T2 & tabulate the result.

18 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

6) Find the value of  each time from following equation.
 = (1 /) * loge (T1 / T2)
7) Plot the graph of T1 Vs T2. Slope of this graph is 'm'.
8) Find  from graph.
 = loge(m) /  (rad)
Case 2:-
Determination of  by maintaining T2 as constant (for flat belt).
1) Perform the experiment in the manner similar to case 1 by keeping T2 as constant varying the
value of  (lap angle).
2) Repeat the procedure for five different value of  and tabulate the result.
3) Find the value of  every time from following equation.
 = (1 /) * loge (T1 / T2)
4) Plot the graph of loge (T1) vs. .
5) Slope of this graph is ‘m’
6) Find  from the graph.
 = m = slope of the graph.
Observation Table:-

1. Flat Belt : Case 1 :  Constant =  / 2

Sr. No. T1 T2 
(N) (N)  = (1/) * log e (T1/T2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
From Graph
Slope = m = ----------------
 = loge (m) /  = ----------------

19 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

 Case 2: T2 constant = -----------------
Sr. No. T1  
(N) (Rad)  = (1/) * log e (T1/T2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
From Graph
Slope = m = --------------
 =’m’ =
Result:

Flat Belt: Values of 

Case 1 :  Constant Case 2: T2 Constant
Analytical Graphical Analytical Graphical

Case 1:  constant
Graph of T1 vs T2

T1 / T2 = e
T1 = e * T2
y = mx
m m = e
loge m = 
 = (loge m)/
T1 in N tight side  = loge (m) / 

(0,0) T2 in N slack side

20 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

 Case 2: T2 constant

Graph of loge (T1) vs. 

T1 / T2 = e
loge (T1 / T2) =  
logeT1 - logeT2 =  
logeT1 =  +logeT2
y = mx + c
=m
loge (T1)

(0, 0) logeT2

Sample Calculations:

21 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Conclusion:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..............

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................

22 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

 Name of the Student: Roll no:

CLASS: - F.E Division: Course: - Engineering Mechanics

Experiment No. 4

**Concurrent Force System In Space**

Marks:/10

Date of Performance: //20 Sign with Date

AIM: To study the equilibrium of a particle subjected to forces in space (Non – coplanar).

Objectives: To understand the concept of space forces.

Outcomes: At the end of this experiment students should be able to:

1. To calculate the space forces.
2. To calculate the resultant of space forces.

PEOs, POs, PSOs and COs satisfied

PEOs: I, II, III POs: I, II, IV PSOs: I, II Cos: IV

Apparatus:

Space Force frame, Weighing pans, Weights, Scale, Drawing sheets & Plum bob.

Description of the apparatus:

1) The space force frame is a ring supported on three legs.

2) Four strings are tied by a single knot, which acts as the point in equilibrium.
3) Three out of these four strings pass over three pulleys suspended on frame. To the other ends of
these strings, pans are attached which can hold weights.
4) The forth string hangs vertically & support a weight.
5) A blank paper spread under the apparatus is used for transferring & making the directions of the
string for later measurement.

23 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

6) A plum bob or a suitable tool is used for vertically transferring the points in space on to the
drawing sheets.
Theory:

If a particle is in equilibrium under four or more non- – coplanar & concurrent forces, they are said
to be under a system of spatial forces in equilibrium. Such forces satisfy the following three
equilibrium conditions.
Fx = 0, Fy = 0, Fz = 0.
Thus, the aim of this experiment is to verify these conditions.

Procedure:

1) The space force system is brought in equilibrium by placing some weights in the pan & hanging
the forth weight to the central vertical thread.
2) Several times the system is disturbed & it is ensured that it comes back to its previous position.
This confirms that the system is in stable equilibrium.
3) The directions of the three strings are transferred & marked on the paper, using a plum bob.
4) X, Y & Z co-ordinates of the knot & three more arbitrary points on the inclined string (one on each
string) are used for this purpose. The points are taken as far from each other as possible. This
takes care of the accuracy of the directional measurement.
5) The fourth string being vertical does not need a second point for transferring the direction. The
vertical projection of the knot on to the paper is assumed to have co-ordinates(0,0, 0,).
6) Thus, a record of observations consists of four weights & Z – co-ordinates of four pts. A, B, C, D.
The X ,Y co-ordinates are measured from the traced positions on the paper.
7) It is assumed that the pulleys are friction less, & hence the tension in the three strings is same as
the weights they are supporting.
8) The following table shows the observations taken during the experiment. A percentile check is
taken to ensure that the observations are within reasonable limits.

24 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Figure:

Observation Table – for Square type frame:

Coordinates Tension in String

zObs Wt (
Points Observed Analytical
No. R) X Y Z TDA TDB TDC TDA TDB TDC
A
B
C

F1 (x1, y1, z1) F2 (x2, y2, z2)

F3 (x3, y3, z3)

(0, 0, h)
h1 h2
h3

F4 (x4, y4, z4)

(0, 0, 0)

25 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Results:

R =-----------------N

Sample Calculation:

To find co-ordinates.
Dx1= - x1 Dx2 = x2 Dx3 = x3 Dx4 = 0
Dy1 = 0 Dy2 = y2 Dy3 = - y3 Dy4 = 0

Dz1 = h1 – h Dz2 = h2 – h Dz3 = h3 – h Dz4 = 0 - h

D1 =  Dx1 2+Dy12+Dz12 Similarly find D2, D3, D4

Fx1 = (Dx1/ D1) * F1
Fy1 = (Dy1/ D1) * F1
Fz1 = (Dz1/ D1) * F1

Similarly find Fx2, Fx3, Fy2, Fy3, and Fz2 & Fz3

R =  Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2

Error = (R / F) * 100 which shall be  0
If R is the resultant of Fx, Fy & Fz, then 100 * R / F is the percentile error. For the system to be
in equilibrium, R shall be 0.

26 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Conclusion: -

27 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

28 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)
 Name of the Student: Roll no:

CLASS: - F.E Division: Course: - Engineering Mechanics

Experiment No. 5

** Curvilinear Motion **
Marks:/10

//20
Date of Performance: Sign with Date

AIM: To study kinematics of curvilinear motion of a particle.

Objectives: To understand the concept of kinematics of curvilinear motion.

Outcomes: At the end of this experiment students should be able to:

1. To calculate horizontal distance.
2. To calculate angle of arc of curvilinear motion.

PEOs, POs, PSOs and COs satisfied

PEOs: I, II POs: I, II, IV PSOs: I Cos: V

Apparatus:
Cycle rim fixed in a vertical plane, balls of different materials & different sizes, scale, powder, thread.
Theory:
When a particle moves along a curve other than a straight line, then the particle is said to be in
curvilinear motion.
Instantaneous Velocity is given by

dr
V  dt

29 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Where, r is position vector.
Instantaneous acceleration is given by,

dv
a  dt

The particle starts from point A and leaves at point B. ( Refer Fig.)
Hence by applying the Work Energy Principle
Energy at A = Energy at B
 mgr = mg (rcos) +1/ 2 mv2
 gr = gr cos + 1/2 v2
 v2 = 2gr (1- cos) s

V  2gr(1  cos)
Hence v is the velocity at point B.

mv2
 mg cos
r
m(2gr)(1  cos)
r  mg cos
At point B,
2-2cos = cos
2 = 3cos
cos = 2/3
 = cos-1 (2/3)
As the particle leaves the rim at point B, it follows principle of projectile motion and falls to the
ground at distance ‘b’.
The path followed is tangential.
s= ut + ½ at2
y = (usin)t- ½ gt2
1
r(1  cos)  (u sin)t  gt2
2

30 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

2
r(1  )  1 2
3 (sin ) t  gt
 2gr(1  cos )
2 5  2  1 2
r 2  9.81 r(1  ) t  9.81 t
5
  3
3  3  2
t  0.42 r
Dis tan ce b (u cos ) t  r sin
5
 b ( 2gr (1  cos )  cos ( r) r
0.42  3

 b  2.55 2 5
 r ( )r
b 3
r (0.42)
1.456r 3

Procedure:
1. Measure the diameter of rim.
2. Place the ball / marble on circular path at the highest position A. Allow it to move along path
AB. The ball / marble will follow and leave circular path at B, and follow trajectory BC and hit
the surface at C.
3. Mark point B on the rim & point C on the platform by spreading powder on circular track and
ground.
4. Measure horizontal distance DC on ground.
5. Find angle  through which particle move in circular path.
6. Compare distance DC and angle  with analytical values.
7. Compare results with analytical solution.
Analytical solution:
cos = 2 / 3
 = cos-1(2 /3)
 = 48.18
b = 1.456 ( r )
b = 1.456 (325) = 473.2 mm
 analytical =48.18
 b analytical = 473.2 mm.

31 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Observation table:
Sr. Horizontal distance b Arc length  obs = l /r ana %
No (mm) AB =l Deg. error
(mm)
B obs b ana % error Rad Deg.
(mm) (mm)

Sample Calculations:

32
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)
Conclusion:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

33 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

 Name of the Student: Roll no:

CLASS: - F.E Division: Course: - Engineering Mechanics

Experiment No. 6

** Coefficient of Restitution **
Marks:/10

//20
Date of Performance: Sign with Date

AIM: To determine Coefficient of Restitution.

Objectives: To understand the concept of impact of infinite mass.

Outcomes: At the end of this experiment students should be able to:

1. Calculate coefficient of restitution.
2. Identify coefficient of restitution of different material.

PEOs, POs, PSOs and COs satisfied

PEOs: I, II POs: I, II, IV PSOs: I Cos: VI

Apparatus:

Meter scale, Rubber ball, Table tennis ball, Marble ball etc.

Theory:

For two bodies A & B, if u 1 & u2 = initial velocity of A & B respectively before impact and v 1 & v2 =
final velocity of A & B respectively after impact, then the coefficient of restitution (e) is equal to the
ratio of the relative velocity of the particles’ separation just after impact (v 2 - v1) to the relative
velocity of the particles’ approach just before impact (u1- u2).
e=- v1 – v2
u1 – u2

34 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

For perfectly elastic bodies, e =1 & perfectly plastic bodies e = 0. In practice, however no material is
perfectly elastic or plastic. Hence the value of ‘e’ is always between 0 & 1
Coefficient of restitution can be approximately calculated by bouncing spherical balls against a rigid
support. e.g. a heavy slab. The object B in this case is fixed & having zero velocity.

 u1 = 2gh1, v1 = 2gh2, u2 = v2 = 0, e = -  h2 / h1.

Procedure:
1) Drop rubber ball vertically from a height (h1 ).
2) Record the height at which the rubber ball bounces back (h2).
3) Calculate the coefficient of restitution.
4) Take three more readings with different height h1.
5) Calculate coefficient of restitution for other balls by repeating the above procedure.
Observation table:
Sr. Object h1 h2 e =- Avg.
No. (mm) (mm) (h2/h1)1/2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

35
Sample Calculations:

36 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

Result:
Sr. no Object Coefficient of restitution

1
2
3
4

Conclusion:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

37 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

 Mapping of COs, POs and PSOs and PEOs
Note: enter Correlation levels in the box, 1. slight (Low); 2: Moderate (medium); 3. Substantial
(High), If No correlation, Put “-”

Course Outcomes (COs):

S Name of Experiment CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 CO6

No
01 Verification of law of polygon 3 -- -- -- -- --
of forces
02 Support Reaction of Simple 3 -- 2 -- -- --
Beam
03 Coefficient Friction of Belt -- 3 -- -- -- --
04 Concurrent Force System In 2 -- 2 3 -- --
Space
05 Curvilinear Motion -- -- -- -- 3 --
06 Coefficient of Restitution -- -- -- -- -- 3

Program Outcomes (POs):

S Name of PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
No Experiment
01 Verification of 3 3 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
law of polygon of
forces
02 Support Reaction 3 3 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
of Simple Beam
03 Coefficient 3 3 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Friction of Belt
04 Concurrent Force 3 3 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
System In Space
05 Curvilinear 3 3 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Motion
06 Coefficient of 3 3 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Restitution

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs):

S Name of Experiment PSO1 PSO2 POS3 POS4 POS5

No
01 Verification of law of polygon of 3 -- -- -- --
forces
02 Support Reaction of Simple Beam 3 --
03 Coefficient Friction of Belt 3 1
04 Concurrent Force System In Space 3 1
05 Curvilinear Motion 3 1
06 Coefficient of Restitution 3 1
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)
38
COs and POs:

COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
CO6

COs and PSOs:

COs PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CO1 1 3 1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
CO6

COs and PEOs:

COs PEO1 PEO2 PEO3 PEO4 PEO5

CO1 1 3 1 2 3
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
CO6

Attainment of COs and POs

A). CO Attainment (Internal+ External assessment)
Program shall have set Course Outcome attainment levels for all courses.

39 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

(The attainment levels shall be set considering average performance levels in the university
examination or any higher value set as target for the assessment years. Attainment level is to be
measured in terms of student performance in internal assessments with respect to the Course
Outcomes of a course in addition to the performance in the University examination)
• Attainment Level 1: 60% students scoring more than University average percentage marks or
set attainment level in the final examination.
• Attainment Level 2: 70% students scoring more than University average percentage marks or
set attainment level in the final examination.
• Attainment Level 3: 80% students scoring more than University average percentage marks or
set attainment level in the final examination.

For example: (Just Sample – It totally depends on the weightage we decide for direct and indirect
assessment according to curriculum)
Attainment through University Examination: Substantial i.e. 3 – direct
Attainment through Internal Assessment: Moderate i.e. 2 -- indirect
Assuming 80% weightage to University examination and 20% weightage to Internal
Assessment, the attainment calculations will be (80% of University level) + (20% of
Internal level) i.e. 80% of 3 + 20% of 2 = 2.4 + 0.4 = 2.8

B). PO Attainment
• Direct Assessment : Examinations , observation of student knowledge and skills
• Indirect Assessment : Assessment on the basis of self-report or ascertaining opinion- Rubrics
are more important
Example: for 5 Experiments – Direct attainment
PO1: 2+1+3+1+3=10/5=2
PO1=80%*2+20%*2= 2

POs Attainment:

Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
C301
C302

40 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)

C303
C304
C305
C306
Direct
Attainment
Indirect
Attainment

PSOs Attainment:

Course PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4

C301
C302
C303
C304
C305
C306
Direct
Attainment
Indirect
Attainment

41 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES (F.E.)