Titin Irawati LNG 2A 2002322016

HOMEWORK 7

Problem 1

A gas-turbine power plant operating on an ideal Brayton cycle has a pressure ratio of 8. The gas
temperature is 300 K at the compressor inlet and 1300 K at the turbine inlet. Utilizing the air-standard
assumptions, determine:

a. the gas temperature at the exits of the compressor and the turbine,
b. the back work ratio, and
c. the thermal efficiency.

At condition :

- Steady operating conditions exist.

- The air-standard assumptions are applicable.
- Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.
- The variation of specific heats with temperature is to be considered
Know
From air-standard otto cycle we know that;
• Pathway 1-2: isentropic process
• Pathway 2-3: isobaric process
• Pathway 3-4: isentropic process
• Pathway 4-1: isobaric process
• T1 = 300 [K]
• T2 = 1300 [K]
• 𝑃2 𝑃3
rp = 𝑃1
= 𝑃4
=8

Question
a. T2, P4
Titin Irawati LNG 2A 2002322016

b. back work ratio

c. ηth =
Answer
• Process 1 – 2 (isentropic) ➔ compression (S1 = S2)
At A-22 table, with T = 300 [K]
h1 = 300,19 [kJ/kg]
Pr1 = 1,3860
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
Pr = 𝑃 ➔ Pr1 = 𝑃1 ➔ Pc = 𝑃 1
𝑐 𝑐 𝑟1

𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃2 𝑃2
= ➔ Pr2 = . Pr1 with = rp = 8
𝑃𝑟1 𝑃𝑟2 𝑃1 𝑃1

Pr2 = 8 . 1,3860 = 11,088

At A-22 table, Pr2 = 11,088 locates between T = 530 [K] and T = 540 [K]
Interpolation between both of temperature and Pr to find T2
𝑇2 −530 11,088−10,37
= ➔ T2 = Tcomp,out= 539,8356 [K]
1240−1200 11,10−10,37

Interpolation between Temperature to find h2

ℎ2 −533,98 11,088−10,37
544,35−533,98
= 11,10−10,37
➔ h2 = 544,1795 [kJ/kg]

Process 2-3 ➔ Isobaric , Qin

Process 3 – 4 (isentropic) ➔ isentropic expansion (S3 = S4) with P3 > P4
At A-22 table, with T = 1300 [K]
h3 = 1395,97 [kJ/kg]
Pr3 = 330,9
𝑃 𝑃3 𝑃3
Pr = ➔ Pr3 = ➔ Pc =
𝑃𝑐 𝑃𝑐 𝑃𝑟3
𝑃3 𝑃4 𝑃4 𝑃3
= ➔ Pr4 = . Pr3 with = rp = 8
𝑃𝑟3 𝑃𝑟4 𝑃3 𝑃4
𝑃 1
Pr4 = 𝑃4 . Pr3 ➔ Pr4 = 8 . 330,9 = 41,3625
3

Find T4 from isentropic equation

1−𝑘 1−𝑘
( ) ( )
𝑘 𝑘
𝑇4 . 𝑃4 = 𝑇3 . 𝑃3
1−𝑘 1−𝑘
( )
𝑇3 .𝑃3 𝑘 𝑃 𝑘
T4 = 1−𝑘 ➔ T4 = T3 . (𝑃3 )
( ) 4
𝑃4 𝑘
1−1,4
T4 = 1300 . (8) 1,4 ➔ T4 = 717,6528 [K]
Find h2 by interpolation with T = 710 [K] and T = 720[K] according to A-22 table
ℎ4 −724,04 717,6528 −710
734,82 −724,04
= 720−710
➔ h4 = 732,2955 [kJ/kg]

Process 4-1 ➔ Isobaric , Qout

a. Tcomp,out = T2 = 539,8356 [K]
Titin Irawati LNG 2A 2002322016

Tturb,in = T4 = 717,6528 [K]

b. Back work ratio
kJ
𝑊 243,9895[ ]
rBW = 𝑊 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝,𝑖𝑛 = kg
kJ = 0,3676 ➔ rBW = 36,76%
𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏,𝑜𝑢𝑡 663,6745 [ ]
kg

Wcomp,in = h2 – h1 ➔ Wcomp,in = 544,1795 [kJ/kg] - 300,19 [kJ/kg] = 243,9895[kJ/kg]

Wturb,out = h3 – h4 ➔ Wturb,out = 1395,97 [kJ/kg] - 732,2955 [kJ/kg] = 663,6745 [kJ/kg]
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 419,6846 [kJ/kg]
c. ηth = 𝑄𝑖𝑛
= 851,7905 [kJ/kg] = 0,4927

ηth = 49,27 %
Wnet = Wturb,out - Wcomp,in = 663,6745 [kJ/kg] - 243,9895[kJ/kg] = 419,6846 [kJ/kg]
Qin = h3 – h2 = 1395,97 [kJ/kg] - 300,19 [kJ/kg] = 851,7905 [kJ/kg]

Problem 2

Assuming a compressor efficiency of 80 percent and a turbine efficiency of 85 percent, determine

(a) the back work ratio,

(b) the thermal efficiency, and

(c) the turbine exit temperature of the gas-turbine cycle discussed in previous example

At condition :

- Steady operating conditions exist.

- The air-standard assumptions are applicable.
- Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.
- The variation of specific heats with temperature is to be considered
Know
From air-standard otto cycle we know that;
• Pathway 1-2: isentropic process
Titin Irawati LNG 2A 2002322016

• Pathway 2-3: isobaric process

• Pathway 3-4: isentropic process
• Pathway 4-1: isobaric process
• T1 = 300 [K]
• T2 = 1300 [K]
• ηcomp = 80%
• ηcomp = 85%
Question
a. rBW =
b. ηth =
c. Tturb,out = T4s = …[K]
Answer
• Process 1 – 2 (isentropic) ➔ compression (S1 = S2)
At A-22 table, with T = 300 [K]
h1 = 300,19 [kJ/kg]
Pr1 = 1,3860
𝑃 𝑃1 𝑃1
Pr = ➔ Pr1 = ➔ Pc =
𝑃𝑐 𝑃𝑐 𝑃𝑟1
𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃 𝑃
𝑃𝑟1
= 𝑃𝑟2
➔ Pr2 = 𝑃2 . Pr1 with 𝑃2 = rp = 8
1 1

Pr2 = 8 . 1,3860 = 11,088

At A-22 table, Pr2 = 11,088 locates between Pr= 10,37 and Pr= 11,10
Interpolation between Pr to find h2
ℎ2𝑠 −533,98 11,088−10,37
= ➔ h2 = 544,1795 [kJ/kg]
544,35−533,98 11,10−10,37

Ws = h2s – h1 = 544,1795 [kJ/kg] - 300,19 [kJ/kg] = 243,9895 [kJ/kg]

Wcomp,in = Ws = ηcomp . Wa
kJ
𝑊𝑠 (243,9895 [ ])
kg
Wcomp,act = Wa = 𝜂 = 0,8
= 304,9869 [kJ/kg]
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝

• Process 2-3 ➔ Isobaric , Qin

• Process 3 – 4 ➔ isentropic expansion (S3 = S4) with P3 > P4
At A-22 table, with T = 1300 [K]
h3 = 1395,97 [kJ/kg]
Pr3 = 330,9
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
Pr = 𝑃 ➔ Pr3 = 𝑃3 ➔ Pc = 𝑃 3
𝑐 𝑐 𝑟3

𝑃3 𝑃4 𝑃4 𝑃
𝑃𝑟3
= 𝑃𝑟4
➔ Pr4 = 𝑃3
. Pr3 with 𝑃3 = rp = 8
4

𝑃 1
Pr4 = 𝑃4 . Pr3 ➔ Pr4 = 8 . 330,9 = 41,3625
3
Titin Irawati LNG 2A 2002322016

At A-22 table, Pr2 = 11,088 locates between Pr= 41,31 and Pr= 43,35
Interpolation between Pr to find h4
ℎ4𝑠 −789,11 41,3625 −41,31
800,03−789,11
= 43,35 −41,31
➔ h4s = 789,3910 [kJ/kg]

Ws = h3 – h4s = 1395,97 [kJ/kg] - 789,3910 [kJ/kg] = 606,579 [kJ/kg]

𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏,𝑎
ηturb = 𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑠

Wturb,a = ηturb . Wturb,s = 0,85 . 606,579 [kJ/kg] = 515,5922 [kJ/kg]

kJ
𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎 304,9869 [ ]
kg
a. rBW = = kJ = 0,5915 ≅ 59,15%
𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑎 515,5922 [ ]
kg

b. Wcomp,act = Wa = 304,9869 [kJ/kg] = h2a – h1

h2a = h1 + Wa ➔300,19 [kJ/kg] + 304,9869 [kJ/kg] = 605,1769 [kJ/kg]
Qin = h3 – h2a ➔ 1395,97[kJ/kg]- 605,1769 [kJ/kg]= 790,7931 [kJ/kg]
Wturba = 515,5922 [kJ/kg] = h3 – h4a
h4a = h3 – Wturba = 1395,97[kJ/kg] - 515,5922 [kJ/kg]
h4a = 880,3778 [kJ/kg]
Qout = h4a – h1 = 880,3778 [kJ/kg] - 300,19 [kJ/kg] = 580,1878 [kJ/kg]
kJ
𝑄 580,1878 [ ]
kg
ηth = 1 - ( 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 ) = 1 – kJ = 0,2663 ≅26.63%
𝑖𝑛 790,7931 [ ]
kg

c. Turbine exit temperature = T4a

T4a is evaluated from Table A-17 by interpolation corresponding to h4a =
880,3778 [kJ/kg]
Interpolation between both of temperature and Pr to find T2
𝑇4𝑎 −840 880,3778 −866.08
= ➔ T4a = Tturb,out= 852,8867 [K]
860−840 888.27 −866.08

Name : Titin Irawati

Class : LNG 2A / 2002322016