Video Lecture Links

› https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIPJmkCKsqk&list=P
L4j_fCKQ7Bso1wGplcaF2pcDGeLVCuKHU&index=4
› https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxTKnjHpYMM&list=P
L4j_fCKQ7Bso1wGplcaF2pcDGeLVCuKHU&index=10
› https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFP6MDvCB9A&list=
PL4j_fCKQ7Bso1wGplcaF2pcDGeLVCuKHU&index=11
› https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmc9ekvMbu0&list=
PL4j_fCKQ7Bso1wGplcaF2pcDGeLVCuKHU&index=12
(Courtesy: FLAMINGO Project)
Information Model
Information Model (1)
› In managed networks there are many mangers and agents.
› For Information to be exchange intelligently between
manager and agent process, there has to be common
understanding on both the syntax and semantics
› Syntax used to describe management information is ASN.1
› All generic objects defined by the IETF is managed by SNMP
› All objects created by the vendors, if compatible with
SMI(RFC 1155) and MIB (RFC 1213) can be managed by the
SNMP
Structure of Management
Information (SMI)
STRUCTURE OF
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION (SMI)
Managed object is consist of
Object Type and Object
Instance
SMI is only concerned with Type,
not the instance.
Managed object not need to be
just a network element, it can
be physical or abstract
Single object with multiple
instance
SMI – Object Type
› The object data type has
› Name: uniquely descriptor and object identifier
› Syntax: using ANS.1
› Encoding scheme: BER (Basic Encoding Rules) is adopted
SMI - MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION TREE ITU ISO ISO-ITU
(MIT) (0) (1) (2)

Managed objects are uniquely

Org
identified by a tree structure (3)
specified by the OSI model but
can be used in internet model
dod
(6)
Tree structure is MIT
(Management Information Tree)
Internet
(1)

Directory Mgmt Experimental Private

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Enterprise
(1)

IBM Cisco Hp 3Com Cabletron

(2) (9) (11) (43) (52)
SMI – Object Type – Names (1)
› Every object type is uniquely identified by a DESCRIPTOR and
associated OBJECT IDENTIFIER
› For example: “internet (1.3.6.1)”
– “1.3.6.1” is OBJECT INDETIFIER
– “internet” is DESCRIPTOR
› For example: Internet OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
– {1 3 6 1}
– {iso org dod internet}
– {iso(1) org(3) dod(6) internet(1)}
– {1 org dod(6) internet}
SMI – OBJECT
TYPE – NAMES (2)
For now onwards the term MIB
(Management Information Base)
is used for Internet MIT
directory(1) node is reserved for
future use of OSI directory
mgmt(2) is used to identify all
IETF recommended and IAB-
approved sub nodes.
experimental(3) used to create
objects under IETF experiments
private(4) used for commercial
vendors can acquire it under
“enterprise”
SMI – Object Type – Names (3)
› Four object define under internet
– directory OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {internet 1}
– mgmt OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {internet 2}
– experimental OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {internet 3}
– private OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {internet 4}
› mgmt example
– mib-2 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {mgmt. 1}
› Private example
– enterprise OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {private 1} or
– enterprise OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {internet 4 1}
SMI – OBJECT
TYPE – SYNTAX
ASN.1 syntax is used, to define
the structure of types
Three structure types are:
Simple/primitive
Define/Application
Constructor/Structured
SMI – OBJECT
TYPE – SYNTAX
INTEGER has numerous
variations based on the sign,
length, range, and enumeration
OCTAT STRING binary or textual
information that is 8 bits long
OBJECT IDENTIFIER, is the
object position in the MIB
Opaque is used create more
data types based on previously
defined data types
SEQUECE (OF) are used to build
lists and tables.
SMI – Object Type – Encoding
› SNMPv1 has adopted BER with its TLV for encoding
information to be transmitted between agent and manger
processes
› SNMP data types and tags are listed in table
TYPE TAG
OBJECT IDENTIFIER UNIVERSIAL 6
SEQUENCE UNIVERSIAL 16
IpAddress UNIVERSIAL 0
Counter UNIVERSIAL 1
Gauge UNIVERSIAL 2
TimeTicks UNIVERSIAL 3
Opaque UNIVERSIAL 4
SMI – Object Type – Encoding - Example
› TLV is define as TYPE, LENGTH, VALUE
› For example:
– Object Identifier internet {1 3 6 1}
– TYPE: 6 → 00000110
– LENGTH: → 00000100
– VALUE: → 00000001 00000011 00000110 00000001
Managed Objects
› Managed objects have 5 parameters
– Textual Names: Object type (previously know as data type)
– Syntax: ASN.1 definition of object type
– Definition: textual description of object type
– Access: privilege attached with access of information
– Status: mandatory, optional, obsolete
Macros for Managed Objects
› Where object type is represented in a formal way
› TYPE NOTATION defines the data types in the modules
› VALUE NOTATION defines the name of the object
Management Information
Base (MIB)
MIB
› MIB is organized such that implementation can be done on
an as-needed basis
– MIB does not have to be implemented in either the manager or agent
process
– MIB is a virtual information base
– Objects are define in MIB using ASN.1
– E-g: mib-2 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {mgmt 1}
MIB – Object Group
› Objects that are related, are placed into object groups
› Objects groups facilitates, logical assignment of object
identifiers
› If the group is implemented in a system by the vendor all the
components must be implemented
– For example: If EGP is implemented in a system, then all the EGP
group objects are mandatory to be present
MIB-2 GROUPS
11 groups are define in MIB 2
Each mib-2 group is further
divided into sub-groups
MIB-2 GROUPS
Name
Object Identification
Brief Description
SYSTEM {MIB-2.1}
mib-2.1.1
mib-2.1.3
mib-2.1.6
INTERFACES {MIB-2.2}
{Mib-2(1) interface(2) ifTable(2)
ifEntry(1) ifIndex(1)}
{mib-2.2.1.2}
{mib-2.2.1.ifDescr(2)}