UQU 40103

PROFESSIONAL AT WORK
SEMESTER 1 2020/2021

PROJECT REPORT

GROUP PROJECT RELATED TO PROFESSIONALISM IN

CONSULTANT ENGINEERING FIRM

NAME MATRIC NO.

1. AFIF RIZQIN BIN ABDUL MALEK CF170063
2. ELVIDA RUNAI ANAK DANG CF170058
3. GARVIN TEA CF170041
4. ISKANDAR BIN ABDUL RAHIM CF170009
5. PEGGY SUENIE ANAK ACHONG CF170071

LECTURER : PROF. MADYA. IR. TS. DR. ABDUL HALIM BIN ABDUL
GHANI
GROUP NO. : 3
SECTION : S1
SUBMISSION DATE: 14 FEBRUARY 2021
 Details of Group Members

NAME : PEGGY SUENIE ANAK ACHONG

POSITION : PROJECT ENGINEER
MATRIC NO. : CF170071
COURSE : BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS
PROGRAMME : BFF
YEAR OF STUDY : 4
CONTACT NO : 011-33348712
ACADEMIC
: PROF. MADYA. DR. DAVID YEOH ENG CHUAN
ADVISOR
NAME : AFIF RIZQIN BIN ABDUL MALEK
POSITION : SENIOR ARCHITECT
MATRIC NO. : CF170063
COURSE : BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS
PROGRAMME : BFF
YEAR OF STUDY : 4
CONTACT NO : 0125340012
ACADEMIC
: Ts. Dr. HANITA BINTI YUSOF
ADVISOR
NAME : ELVIDA RUNAI ANAK DANG
POSITION : CHIEF ENGINEER
MATRIC NO. : CF170058
COURSE : BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS
PROGRAMME : BFF
YEAR OF STUDY : 4
CONTACT NO : 011-19912593
ACADEMIC
: ENCIK KHAIRUL NIZAM BIN MOHD YUNUS
ADVISOR
NAME : ISKANDAR BIN ABDUL RAHIM
POSITION : STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
MATRIC NO. : CF170009
COURSE : BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS
PROGRAMME : BFF
YEAR OF STUDY : 4
CONTACT NO : 011-15808963
ACADEMIC
: DR. MOHAMAD FIRDAUS BIN AB. AZIZ
ADVISOR
NAME : GARVIN TEA
POSITION : DIRECTOR MANAGER
MATRIC NO. : CF170041
COURSE : BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS
PROGRAMME : BFF
YEAR OF STUDY : 4
CONTACT NO : 014-8800336
ACADEMIC
: DR. MOHAMAD FIRDAUS BIN AB. AZIZ
ADVISOR
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of Consultant

A consultant is a person who provides professional or expert advice in a specific scientific or

business field to an organization or individual. Since there is no legal protection for the
position of "consultant", in theory, anyone can wake up within a day and decide to adopt the
position of consultant. Although a broad definition can be included under the term
"consultant", in essence, there are three characteristics that distinguish consultants from other
professions. First, the consultant will provide the professional knowledge that the client lacks
or the support that the client cannot achieve. In return for professional services, the consultant
will charge a certain fee. Second, consultants and clients operate independently, which means
that they have nothing to do with their respective consultants, and there is no conflict of
interest between the client’s problems and the service. Third, the operation of the consultant
is professional, from having the right qualifications to ensuring high-quality service delivery
and solid internal operations.

One of the main characteristics of consultants is to recommend clients to hire

consultants because they have knowledge advantages. In most cases, this is the main reason.
The client hired a consulting company to provide expert advice, which eventually (should)
lead to the resolution of the client’s organization’s problems. However, there are more
reasons to hire consultants:

 The consultant is independent and provides an objective view of the dilemma and
solutions.
 External consultants are not vulnerable to internal politics and/or sensitive
circumstances.
 Hiring consultants in certain areas may be cheaper than retaining internal expertise.
 When the company finds that it lacks the ability of the project/position, the consultant
can backfill.
 Consultants can more easily complete "dirty work", that is, make decisions that no
one inside wants to make.
1.1.1 Type of Consultant

The consulting industry is one of the most diverse markets in the professional services
industry. Therefore, various consultants have been found in the industry. In addition, being a
"consultant" is not a protected professional title like most other professions. Therefore,
anyone can hold themselves the title of strategy, management, business, finance, human
resources or IT consultant. Given that consultants can work in a wide range of areas and the
variety of workplaces that consultants can enter, the number of independent consultants has
increased dramatically in the past few years.

1. Strategy Consultant
The term "strategic consultant" is used to describe consultants operating at the highest
level in the consulting market, focusing on strategic themes such as company and
organizational strategies, economic policies, government policies, and functional
strategies. Seeing that the nature of strategic consulting is different from other more
implementation and operation-driven fields, strategic consultants usually have a
different image from their peers. Their focus is more on quantitative/analytical skills,
while their job descriptions are more about monitoring implementation
recommendations.

2. Management Consultant
In practice, management consultants are also called business consultants or
organizational consultants. They are consultants who pay attention to various
management issues from strategy to management. Therefore, management consultants
account for the overwhelming majority of consulting departments-more than half of
all consultants can be defined as management consultants.

3. Operations Consultant
Operation consultants are consultants who can help customers improve their
operational performance. The consulting activities of this department range from
consulting services to hands-on implementation support, with primary functions (for
example, sales, marketing, production, etc.) as secondary functions (for example,
finance, human resources, supply chain, ICT, law, etc.). Operational consultants
 constitute the largest part of the consulting branch, and most consultants are active in
one of many basic operational areas. Since operations are usually tied to the
company’s strategic and technical aspects, active operations consultants regularly
work alongside experts in these fields.

4. Human Resource Consultant

Human resources consultants can help clients solve human capital issues within the
organization and/or improve the performance of the human resources department. The
main topics of the human resource consultant job description are organizational
change, change management, terms of employment, learning and development, talent
management and retirement. The organization also introduced human resource
consultants to help change the business culture within the organization or change its
human resources department, including changes in organizational design, process and
system areas. Therefore, through strategic consulting, human resource consulting
companies, the two smallest departments of the consulting industry, and the number
of consultants active in this field are lower than the number of other departments in
the industry.

5. IT Consultant
Technical consultants, also known as IT, ICT or digital consultants are dedicated to
helping clients develop and apply information technology (IT) within their
organizations. In contrast to regular IT employees who are engaged in daily IT
operations (so-called "business as usual" activities), IT consultants focus on
transitions (projects) in the ICT sector. Most ICT consultants work on implementation
projects, for example, a wide range of ERP system applications, whose role may vary
from project management to process management or system integration. In the field
of IT consulting, the fastest growing markets are digital, data analysis (also known as
data science), cyber security and IT forensics.
1.2 Company Background

J Junior Engineer SDN. BHD. was established in 2020 with the main objective of providing
a comprehensive engineering consultancy services either directly to the clients or to other
engineering consultant firms. The firm is namely Civil and Structural Engineering Division.
Our vision is to offer clients a total service for the multidisciplinary design and management
of construction projects. Our expertise is placed to:

 Manage the whole or any part of the construction process from concept to completion.
 Thrive on innovative concepts in design and technology.
 Provide quality solutions, which are cost effective, value engineered, environmentally
and aesthetically pleasing.
 Manage the best mix of global and local resources.

As an engineering consultancy firm, we recognize our primary obligation is to provide

professional services in the most competent and efficient manner. J Junior Engineer SDN.
BHD. with a complete support of professionals and experienced engineers, is in the position
to provide consultancy services in coordination and cooperation with other consultants or
directly to the clients. J Junior Engineer SDN. BHD. has been registered with the Ministry
of Finance and Board of Engineers Malaysia. J Junior Engineer SDN. BHD. is equipped
with the latest analysis and design software and is capable to undertake engineering design
works ranging from highways, mixed development, commercial buildings and industrial
factories including all the associated infrastructure works. The firm is able to handle and
coordinate all aspects of design and construction supervision of any project. Our scope of
professional services include the following:

 Project planning.
 Engineering investigation and assessment.
 Conceptual design of civil and structural engineering works.
 Detailed design of civil and structural engineering works.
 Quantities and project cost estimates.
 Material, construction specifications, management and supervision.
Key personnel of the firm have served both in the public and private sector including major
engineering consultancy firms. The firm has the expertise to handle the following fields of
services such multi-storey structures, transportation studies and infrastructures.

1.3 Company Logo

1.4 Company Detail

Name of company : J Junior Engineer SDN. BHD.

Company No : 816131-T

Date of Incorporation : 2nd June 2020

Nature of Business : 1. Construction

2. Engineering

Registered Address : Lot 9957, RH Plaza, No. 110, 1st floor, Lorong 1, Jalan
Lapangan Terbang Kuching Sarawak.

Business Address : 127, 1st floor, Jalan Lapangan Terbang, Green Heights
Commercial Centre, 93250 Kuching Sarawak.

Telephone : 082-443 888

Fax : 082-453 902

Registration Body : Pusat Khidmat Kontraktor Construction Industry Development Board

Sarawak Energy (MS ISO 9001:2018)

Authorised Capital : RM1,000,000.00

Paid-Up Capital : RM800,000.00

Banker : CIMB Bank

1.5 Organization Chart
Project Director

Garvin Tea

General Manager

Technical manager

Senior Architect Chief Engineer Structural Engineer Project Engineer

Afif Rizqin bin Abdul Malek Elvida Runai Anak Dang Iskandar Bin Abdul Rahim Peggy Suenie Anak Achong

Fluctural Engineer (Designer)

Designer Senior Mechanical Engineer Site Civil Structure Engineer

Technology Coordinator Senior Electrical Engineer

Resident Engineer Quantity Surveyor

Draft man
1.6 Role and Responsible

Due to our company organization, we have own responsible based on our role. Every role
will be having other responsible and task from planning process into hand over the project to
the client. Based on the table below, state the role and responsible.

Table 1.1: Responsible based on Job

Project Manager  Leading project planning sessions

 Coordinating staff and internal resources
 Managing project progress and adapt work as required
 Ensuring projects meet deadlines
 Managing relationships with clients and stakeholders
 Designing and signing off on contracts
 Overseeing all incoming and outgoing project documentation
 Participating in tender process i.e. design, submission and review
 Designing risk mitigation plan
 Conducting project review and creating detailed reports for
executive staff
 Optimizing and improving processes and the overall approach
where necessary
 Securing growth opportunities and initiating new projects
 Managing large and diverse teams
Project Engineer  Completes engineering projects by organizing and controlling
project elements.
 Develops project objectives by reviewing project proposals and
plans and conferring with management.
 Determines project responsibilities by identifying project phases
and elements, assigning personnel to phases and elements, and
reviewing bids from contractors.
 Determines project specifications by studying product design,
customer requirements, and performance standards.
  Completes technical studies and prepares cost estimates.
 Confirms product performance by designing and conducting
tests.
 Determines project schedule by studying project plan and
specifications, calculating time requirements, and sequencing
project elements.
 Maintains project schedule by monitoring project progress,
coordinating activities, and resolving problems.
 Controls project plan by reviewing design, specifications, and
plan, scheduling changes, and recommending actions.
 Controls project costs by approving expenditures and
administering contractor contracts.
 Prepares project status reports by collecting, analyzing, and
summarizing information and trends; recommending actions.
 Maintains safe and clean working environment by enforcing
procedures, rules, and regulations.
 Maintains product and company reputation by complying with
federal and state regulations.
Architect  Meeting with clients and determining their needs and
requirements.
 Managing design projects from concept development through to
completion.
 Developing and presenting project proposals.
 Adjusting designs and plans to meet the client's needs.
 Preparing drawings, blueprints, specifications and construction
documents.
 Conducting research and compiling reports on feasibility and
environmental impact.
 Complying with safety standards and local planning regulations.
 Determining and adhering to budgets and timelines.
 Managing project teams and collaborating with other
construction professionals.
Structural &  Preparing reports, designs and drawings
Infrastructures  Making calculations about loads and stresses
Engineer  Selecting appropriate construction materials
 Providing technical advice
 Obtaining planning and/or building regulations approval
 Liaising with relevant professional staff such as architects
 Monitoring and inspecting work undertaken by contractors
 Administering contracts
 Managing projects
 Inspecting properties to check conditions/foundations.
Quantity Surveyor  Reviewing construction plans and preparing quantity
requirements.
 Scrutinizing maintenance and material costs, as well as contracts
to ensure the best deals.
 Liaising with site managers, clients, contractors, and
subcontractors.
 Preparing reports, analyses, contracts, budgets, risk assessment,
and other documents.
 Advising managers and clients on improvements and new
strategies.
 Keeping track of materials and ordering more when required.
 Documenting any changes in design and updating budgets.
 Establishing and maintaining professional relationships with
external and internal stakeholders.
 Travelling from the office to various sites as required.
Drafter  Perform Design Calculations
 Assist and Prepare Reports, Maps, and Plans
 Conduct Field Surveys
 Use Computer-Aided Design Programs to Sketch
 Communicate Designs to Construction or Production Teams
2.0 PROJECT ACTIVITY

2.1 Introduction

We are instructed to organize and produce a practice civil engineering report about the roles
of professional practitioners at work which it covers all chapters for course of UQU 40103
Professionals at Work. A practice civil engineering report will be focused on the Consultant
Engineering firm with the brief explanation about the background of the practice civil
engineering report. The aim of this practice civil engineering report is to enhance the
awareness of the professional at work about the roles involved directly in the phases of the
construction management and works nowadays.

The civil engineering practice report will be based on OnePark, Semenyih project
situated at No. 1, Jalan Onepark, Taman Semenyih Idaman 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul
Ehsan. The project is developed by Iwajib Group, a real-estate developer based in Kuala
Lumpur, which has upheld the principle of ‘Creating Comfort Living the Luxury of Space’
throughout its dream residential housing development series. The group aims to build
properties that are in harmony with mother nature, and to create a valuable environment to
the community.

Figure 2.1.1: Location plan indicating major Highways connected to OnePark

 (Source : Iwajib Group)

Figure 2.1.2: Site Plan indicating of OnePark

(Source: Google Maps 2019)

Based on Figure 2.1.1 and 2.1.2, OnePark is situated at Semenyih in the recently
developed area. The site located in a strategic area with high visibility and link to multiple
highways including Lekas Expressway, Silk Highway, North-South Highways (Plus),
Cheras-Kajang Grand sage Highway and Kajang Bypass. The site is also situated among the
well-known institutional buildings, shopping malls for leisure, healthcare services, with close
proximity to 3 different prominent towns, Kajang, Semenyih and Bangi which is still in
development.

2.1.1 Project Scope

OnePark is a gated and guarded residential estate comprises of 2-storey freehold link homes
build with complete and extensive security features to ensure a maximum peace of mind. A
boutique development, OnePark breaks down barriers between the indoors and outdoors, with
a tranquil sight of lush green surroundings. The charming eco-friendly homes feature a
simple and sleek design characterized by modern architecture, designed and built in harmony
with nature.
 Figure 2.1.3: OnePark Master Plan (Source: Iwajib Group)

2.1.2 Project Objectives

There are four objectives list in this project:

1. To ensure completion of each phase of the project fulfilled accordingly and structurally
as agreed in the scheduled timeline.

2. Minimize changes during construction phase toward the design, thus the budget and
management are under control.

3. Able to perform strict supervision and initiates problem solving toward occurred
problems efficiently and accurately, decreasing risk factor of failing project.

4. Proper management of construction and design to achieve the requirements in every

aspect in term of progress, standard, finance and time.

2.2 Professionalism

Professionalism is characterized as an individual's behaviour at work. To most individuals,

acting as a professional means practicing and acting in such a manner that they are
considered knowledgeable, trustworthy, and respectful by others. Professionals are not only
credit for themselves but also for others. Professionalism, on the other hand, is characterized
as the behaviour of a person at work. This quality is not limited to what we describe as "the
professions," despite the root of the word, which is typically a career that require a great deal
of education and are associated with high earnings.

In relation to a building project, a project consultant provides expert design, guidance,

or other services, while a contractor conducts the actual construction work. The physical
building work also can be carried out by procures it through sub-contractors. The
participation of the specialist consultants group in a project may also be referred to as the
professional team. To provide a variety of services, a client can employ the professional
consultants. General roles of professional consultants include architects, engineers (structural,
mechanical, electrical, etc.), and project managers.

An inexperienced client usually proceeds from appointing an early phase of a project

to the construction consultant firm. The construction consultant firm will then direct the client
through the project and advise on whether the client wants to assign other specialist
disciplines. An experienced client, on the other hand, may postpone appointing any
professional consultants until slightly later in the project, especially if it has relevant in-house
expertise. It is best practice, as with any business agreement, for a client to appoint a
professional consultant under a written contract. The schedules generally include a range of
services that list the services that are provided by the professional consultant. The other
schedules will be based on the requirements of the project.

2.2.1 Characteristic of Professional Style

Professional characteristics apply to the characteristics exemplified in a business environment

by an individual. Professionalism requires ethical requirements and the desire of the
employee to embody the values of the company and do what their employer expects of them.
Professionalism is vital for the long-term sustainability of any organization, large or small. It
ensures that customer relationships are maintained, that employee interactions are positive,
and that their expectations and goals are accomplished by an organization. Through
professional bodies such as the Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM) and the Institution of
Surveyors Malaysia (ISM), which represents construction industry professionals, building
professionals have gained integrity and respectability.
2.2.2.1 Ethical Style

The profession's members should acknowledge that their work has a direct and significant
impact on all people's quality of life. Integrity, impartiality, justice, and equity must be
anticipated for the services provided by the consulting engineering firm and must be
committed to public health, safety, and welfare security. For instance, the consultant
engineering firm is required to conduct a soil investigation to inspect condition of proposed
ground site. An engineer will be in charged to carry out the soil investigation for the
consultant engineering firm. He or she should not provide false report and the boring logs on
the soil conditions or else his or her license as professional engineer will be revoked.

A competent engineer should preserve and uphold honesty, honour, and dignity. The
engineer should be honest, impartial, and serving with fidelity to the public, their employers,
and clients. If the engineer acknowledges reviewing the revised design drawing, he or she
should recognize the difference between the original design and the revised design suggested
by the involved party. The engineer must know how to handle a professional engineering
dilemma; by performing any additional calculations to check the adequacy of the suggested
revised design.

2.2.2.2 Altruistic Style

An engineer should behave unselfishly to serve his or her employers, clients, and colleagues.
He or she must dedicate the practice to the needs of others and display motivations for the
practice of a non-selfish professional. The engineer must work under a standard of
professional ethics in the practice of his profession that includes adherence to the highest
ethical conduct standards. Engineer A, for example, is a principal in a consulting engineering
firm that also acts as a sales representative for equipment manufacturing. Almost without
exception, Engineer A specifies the equipment and products manufactured by the
manufacturer represented by Engineer A in the preparation of specifications for the design
and construction of manufacturing facilities. The question is, is it ethical for Engineer A to
serve as a sales representative for equipment manufacturing at the same time as a consultant
and to specify the equipment and products produced by the manufacturer in his role as a
consultant?
 It was unethical for Engineer A, when serving as a consultant, to serve as a sales
representative for equipment manufacturing and to specify the equipment and products
manufactured by the manufacturer in his or her role as a consultant. Engineer A shall
therefore disclose to his or her employers or clients all known or potential conflicts of interest
by promptly informing them of any business relationship, interest, or other circumstances that
may influence or appear to affect their judgment or the quality of their services. As a general
matter, engineers need to be extremely careful that any association with such commercial
organizations does not unduly affect their decision as an independent professional. Any
engineer shall not, directly or indirectly, accept commissions or allowances from contractors
or other parties dealing with the engineer's clients or employers in relation to the work for
which the engineer is responsible.

2.2.2.3 Responsible Style

The appointed consultant engineering firm is responsible for making the construction project
more effective, less resource-intensive, and increase the value of the building for the present
and in the future. The consultant engineering firm serves on a project-based basis and also
has highly specialized duties. Consulting responsibilities at a high level include tasks such as
designing and facilitating concept development, dealing with project management tasks,
contract management, inspecting the work of construction contractors, consulting on
sustainability and providing guidance, and helping to improve the project. In terms of the
quality of services, the consultant engineering firm must make sure to ask for references from
the parties involved and verified the client results.

A Consulting Engineer that works under the consulting engineering firm would take
responsibilities to perform services for the proposed project. The responsibilities will be as
follows:

1. To do investigation and reporting.

2. To detail the design and preparation of contract documents.
3. To arrange a contract.
4. To serve the services such as services-during-construction.
5. To provide acceptance of Works, commissioning of systems, and resolution of final
account.
 As the Consulting Engineer, he or she should recommend to his or her client the
advantages of a fully professional service providing continuity from inception to completion
of a project. If the client does not approve this recommendation, the consulting engineer
should, before accepting the appointment for partial services, analyze and negotiate with his
client on the division of responsibilities for the various services and the procedures to be
followed for any independent inspection or repetition of the previous services that may be
needed.

The consulting engineer should propose the advantages of the entire service-during-
construction undertaking of the consulting engineer with delegated authority to his client to
exercise extensive powers under the construction contract. If the client does not acknowledge
this recommendation, the consulting engineer should negotiate and agree with his or her
client on the allocation of roles, respectively, for the various tasks, before continuing with the
services.

2.2.2.4 Theoretical Style

The persons with the greatest critical thinking abilities, who look beyond the rote facts and
figures of their discipline, appear to be the most competent professionals. Critical thinking
and the ability to learn fast are long-term competitive differentiators in an environment where
limitless data is easily accessible. A professional such as a consultant engineer should
contribute the knowledge base and present the theoretical foundation of ideas and actions in
terms of services. The consultant engineer must know how to evaluate the professional
practice in the light of new conditions and knowledge.

The safety and stability of the design, for instance, should be the concern of an
engineer involved in the design and calculation of building loads and stresses for construction.
Structural engineers must choose materials that predict their performance based on a number
of measured properties, such as strength, toughness, elasticity, and plasticity. The building
needs to be designed by a competent structural engineer to avoid any miscalculation on the
structural design. The engineer should implement the codes of practice in designing the
building. Malaysian construction industry follows the British Standard. The British Standards
are currently being withdrawn and replaced by the Eurocodes.
2.2.2.5 Committed Style

Commitment is defined as an attitude, a bond, a force, investment or exchange, identification,

congruence, motivation, and continuance. As a professional, he or she should takes an active
part in professional organizations. The profession such as Site Engineer should actively
involved into the project and communicate well while liaise with clients or any other
involved party. A Site Engineer must also committed in the job given when he or she need to
work overtime beyond the call of duty. This would happen especially, sometimes on the
construction side, the concreting or grouting works that requires inspection but took a long
time to be done. It requires patience but it is necessary because it involved the professional
ethical of conduct.

Besides, Site Engineer should be able to manage and supervise the staff on site. He or
she should be able to control the situation if any conflicts happened during the project
implementation. Site Engineer should be able properly asking and discussing with his or her
staff in professional manner to avoid any conflicts. For instance, it there happened to be a
miscommunication between the site staff and the client representative, the Site Engineer
should be able to communicate in a manner and ask whether they should provide a solution
for that. Before the Site Engineer able to explain to the client representative regarding the
matter, he or she would probably asked first to his or her staff what is really happen during
the process of the work. The Site Engineer should not rudely ask them by shouting, instead,
using a proper and professional manner would helps. Therefore, the site staff would not get
offended by their superior, instead, they would feel encourage to continue their work.

2.2.2.6 Intellectual Style

Any profession should be able to keep updated with the new knowledge of technologies and
developments. They need to read current journal and keep abreast to the technical advances.
They also need to read about the related professions and specialties. This is because; the
Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is expected booming our development and construction
industry. The 4IR or Industry 4.0 refers to new phase in the Industrial Revolution which
focuses mainly on interconnectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data. The
4IR also sometimes referred to as IIoT or smart manufacturing, marries physical production
and operations with smart digital technology, machine learning, and big data to create a more
holistic and better connected ecosystem for companies that focus on manufacturing and
supply chain management.

2.3 Professional Communication

Communication can be described as the process by which the members of any community or
society share with the other members of society ideas, knowledge, feelings, facts, and views.
The future objectives of a discussion can be numerous. The most common goal, however, is
that it helps all members of the same community or society to achieve a common or greater
understanding. It is also the direct key to the management function. Communication allows
firms such as Consulting Engineering firm to express their ideas, thoughts, and other sorts of
information pieces to be delivered to other parties. The communication between the parties
generally involved formal communication which takes place through various official
channels within a formal body of the organization. The formal communication can be done
through writing or oral form.

In any construction project, effective communication is essential to the successful

project completion. A good communication between parties can improve teamwork and lead
to better project collaboration. Meanwhile, poor communication can affect in
misunderstandings, delays, and issues. Therefore, it is important to determine a chain of
command for communication on a construction project. The chains of command are generally
delivered through contract documents and usually require the client and general contractor to
communicate with each other through architect. The responsibility of the architect is for
communicating with its engineering consultants. For general contractor, the responsibility is
for communicating information to the suppliers and subcontractors. The superintendent on a
project is commonly the main point of contact for the general contractor. The basis for all
construction communication can be through the contract documents that include the project
drawing, specifications, change order forms, and requests for information. Any direct
communication that is not outlined in the contract documents should receives proper
authorization and any changes to the scope or schedule that need to be made is documented
and reported through the proper channels.
2.3.1 Perceptual process model of communication

The communication perceptual process model involves the theory that deals with mediums
for the communication between parties. It is to be assumed that each party creates meaning in
their own mind for each part of communication. Therefore, the perceptual model process of
communication is comprised of eight steps that involve between parties.

2.3.1.1 Sender

The first step in perceptual process model communication is involves the sender of a message
thinking an idea that he or she wants to communicate. During this step, the sender whose
main task is to generate the idea must ensure that the idea in the form of message reaches the
receiver through the process of transmission.

In construction project tendering, for example, an invitation to tender might be issued

for a range of contracts that might includes the main construction contract (including design
by the contractor), equipment supply, and etc.

2.3.1.2 Message

The idea from the sender may contain the information and details regarding the workflow of
the project. Generally, the message may be verbal, nonverbal, oral, written, or symbolic. In
most construction documents, during the commencement of project work phase, it is
inevitable that the agreements, drawings and specifications adequately address every single
matter. However, questions will arise and no communication, whether it is written or verbal,
it will occur with a flawless in its design or interpretation. Therefore, a Request for
Information (RFI) is need to clarify and uncertain information or to fill in gaps information
within the agreements, drawings, specifications and other documents. This happens
commonly when there are any clarifications, modifications or construction deficiency. If
there happened to be a question about a certain document during the construction phase, the
main contractor or sub-contractor will have to submit an RFI to the involved party who
initially provided the documents. The party then have to submit a response to the contractor.
 To construct a beam of the building, for instance, the sub-contractor must provide a
form as an evidence of the inspection after checking the works followed by checklist. The
form are then must be approved by the main contractor. The main contractor must ensure
every checklist statement in the form has been followed by the sub-contractor. To ensure it all
done, the main contractor will re-check it on the site. Lastly, the part of this form will be
submitted to the consultant. The consultant will be certified the form to make sure all the
things are followed by checklist. Thus, the RFI can be useful message form as the guideline
for the construction to follow the specifications and details in the construction drawing.

2.3.1.3 Medium

A medium is needed in which the encoding of the information takes place. It can be looked
on as a medium which the information goes through the process of transmission. The form of
communication medium can be in a post, telephone, fax, and many other means. Therefore, it
is crucial for the sender or deliver of a message to choose an appropriate mean for proper
reception to take place.

Nowadays, smartphone is one of the portable medium to deliver an important

message especially during the phases of construction project. Mobile application is a type of
application software designed to run on a mobile device, such as smartphone. Mobile
application such as Whatsapp is extensively used as a communication medium to monitor the
progress of the construction. All involved party manage to get an update through the medium
and a fast decision can be made virtually in the mobile application. The meetings can be
informed informally using the mobile application or any inquiries can be post through the
medium.

2.3.1.4 Receiving

The sender of the information must understand to whom he or she want to inform. There are
two (2) types of the information receivers. It will be the target receiver and non-target
receiver. A target receiver is the person or group that the sender expects to see the message.
A non-target receiver is any person or group that the sender does not expect to see the
message.
2.3.1.5 Decoding

Message decoding or re-building means that the decoding of the message by the receiver with
the help of his or her own code. Decoding is the opposite of coding as the receiver starts from
the surface elements of the message and reaches its deep structure. Decoding can be known
as well as to create meaning by translating a set of symbols in codes. In formal
communication, the next step is to find relevance by relating to personal needs or context.

2.3.1.6 Responding

Responding is a response of any reaction to a message. This may be verbal or non-verbal

form of response. It also may or may not be expressed. A response is normally followed by a
feedback. A feedback is a verbal response to the sender related to the specific elements in the
message. This form of feedback may be spoken or written.

The speed of a response depends on the time required to decode the message. It also
depends on the receiver’s perception of urgency or non-urgency of the message. The
perception of the receiver may be importance or non-importance message. Depends how
importance it is, the receiver need to decide whether there is a need to respond to the message.
Therefore, it is depends on the receiver ability to quickly respond to the message given by the
sender.

2.4 Sustainable

Sustainability is the ability of an organization to continue its mission or plan into the future.
All projects must eventually end, but the project impact should continue. A project or
organization can be sustainable in three main categories: organizational, financial, and
community sustainability.

1. Organizational
Organizational sustainability is how NGOs themselves continue to play a role
after the project is implemented.
2. Financial
 Financial sustainability is how the financial support required by the project or
organization will continue after the grant ends.
3. Community
Community sustainability is the way in which communities continue to carry out
project activities even after NGOs leave.

Sustainability also is a systematic concept related to the continuity of the economic,

social, institutional and environmental aspects of human society. It aims to be a means to
configure civilization and human activities so that society, its members and their economies
can meet their needs and express their current maximum potential, while protecting
biodiversity and natural ecosystems, and planning for this and take action to maintain these
ideals indefinitely. Sustainability affects every level of organization from the local
community to the entire planet. Sustainability can be defined either qualitatively in language
or quantitatively and strictly as a ratio. The concept of sustainable development within the
scope of project management has continuous development in the past ten years has
highlighted the basic principles of processes and procedures. Sustainable project management
is the planning, monitoring and control of the project delivery and support process, taking
into account the environmental, economic and social aspects of the life cycle of project
resources, processes, deliverables and impacts, and aims to provide stakeholders and
companies realize benefits. Conduct in a transparent, fair and ethical manner, including the
active participation of stakeholders. The entire project management professional should
promote sustainable development goals by setting goals, planning and putting them into
practice in a given context.

2.4.1 Senior Architect

Senior Architects are architects whose industry experience enables them to make the
assumption greater responsibility. Like most architects, they are designing structures and
trying to make sure they are structurally sound. However Senior Architects also act as
executives, trainers, consultants and coordinators because of their track record of quality
performance. They lead their team, but they also work to ensure a project's overall success
with customers and business professionals. Typically, they can operate out of an office, but
they spend the time on construction sites as well. Senior architects may also need to work
overtime if a deadline is near or a problem arises.

The employment of architects is very dependent on the construction industry's

activities. Senior Architects are both supervisors and sources of knowledge. They monitor
others' tasks, operate as liaisons and, as they appear for resolve issues. Some of the key tasks
for Senior Architects as they lead building from plan to reality are also from our review of
work posts:

1. Analysing project brief given by client and reinterpreting into design.

2. Translation of ideas to design.
3. Direct communication with clients.
4. Oversight of a building’s construction.
5. Coordination of consultants, from draftsmen to 3D-renderers.
6. Understanding and ensuring contractors abide to the building by-Laws And
Operational codes of their design.
7. Observing progress at certain times during the construction phase, however on a
much less frequent basis and for different purposes than that of the contractor.
Many different tools are required for Senior Architects to perform their job. Among the most
commonly used are:

1. AutoCAD – Software that enables creation of precise 2D and 3D drawings.

2. WaterCAD – Software that helps to plan and design water distribution systems.
3. Blueprints – Design plans or technical drawings showing what will be created.
4. Building codes – Location-specific regulations governing the design,
construction, alteration and maintenance of structures.

2.5 Project Brief

Our project named One Park at Semenyih, Selangor was build that are in natural environment
and create a valuable environment to the community. The project is the starting point of the
design project which involves analysing the sizes and constraints of the project. The design
concept is to balance the ecosystem. The economic development was conducted without
depletion of natural resources. This figure also shows that the sustainable development must
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations.

Figure 2.5.1: Design concept of a Melwood project (Lim, 2019)

A balanced ecosystem represents the sustainable habitat of interdependent animals,

plants, microorganisms and their environment. A balanced ecosystem shows efficient energy
and material cycles and the interconnection between primary producers and predators.
Biological (biological) organism communities interact with non-biological (non-biological)
features in the environment. The abiotic characteristics of the ecosystem include
precipitation, temperature, landscape, sunlight, soil or water chemistry, and humidity. The
types of biological factors in a balanced ecosystem include primary producers (such as
plants), primary consumers (such as herbivores), secondary consumers (such as carnivores),
consumers (such as omnivores) who consume plants and animals at the same time, and pests
that eat rotten organic matter. Biological factors rely on non-biological factors to survive.
Plants need certain temperature, humidity and soil chemistry to grow. Animals rely on these
plants as food. Any factor that affects any factor in the ecosystem may make it out of balance
and force organisms to adapt or die.
Understanding the natural environment is the first step to realize the overall design of
nature. It needs to understand the environmental activities in nature, ecosystems and their
behaviors and reactions related to architectural design. This analysis process of determining
and defining the design function of the building and its corresponding impact on the current
and remote environment should not be ignored. These procedures (such as environmental
protection, environmental impact assessment, comprehensive assessment) that should usually
be performed for individual projects such as dams, highways, airports or factories should be
expanded to include damage assessments designed for smaller projects, ecological alternative
systems or Ecological integration solutions such as commercial and residential buildings.

2.5.1 Schematic Design

Figure 2.5.2: Design concept of a Melwood project (Lim, 2019)

Figure 2.5.3: Design concept of a Melwood project (Wong, 2019)

 For this project, the Client has request to add the unique integration of green features
to enchance the livable environment aspects of the project. Sustainable infrastructure refers to
the design, construction and operation of these structural elements in a way that does not
reduce the social, economic, and ecological processes required to maintain human equity,
diversity, and natural system functions. This project also use the green technology that use
technology and science to create more environmentally friendly products. The goal of green
technology is to protect the environment, and in some cases even repair damage to the
environment in the past.

Figure 2.5.4: Waves of innovation by year

Figure 2.5.5: Unique features of the request project (Wong, 2019)

2.5.2 Site Analysis

This method was conducted after the project brief was complete task. In this project, site
analysis was done by Land Surveyor. They was hired by Client and must collect relevant site
information. Through the topography survey, the Land Surveyor was able to determine the
feasibility and constructability of the project, especially when it comes to the construction of
platform, piling ans so on. Site analysis is the preliminary stage of the architectural and urban
design process, dedicated to studying the climate, geography, history, law and infrastructure
environment of a specific site. The result of this analysis process is a summary, usually a
graphical sketch, which associates relevant environmental information with the shape of the
site (such as plots, topography, and built environment). This result will then be used as a
starting point for developing environment-related strategies during the design process.
Several graphical tools for site analysis have been developed to help designers accomplish
this task. Businesses that have an Research and Development (R&D) strategy have a greater
chance of success than businesses that don't. Research and development are valuable tools for
developing and improving business. R&D involves studying your market and customer needs,
and developing new and improved products and services to meet these needs. The benefits of
R&D are usually long-term, so it is important to remember that our investment may not bring
short-term profits. There are two main types of research in the field of R&D: basic research
and applied research. Basic research is to acquire knowledge and use it to build knowledge
and wisdom that enterprises can use. This knowledge can be used as the basis for further
research and development projects and integrated into strategic business decisions. The
definition of applied research is more clear, and it usually appears to achieve specific goals.
This may be the use of new technologies, entering new markets, improving safety or cutting
costs. Applied research is usually the cause that leads to the development phase. The table
explain some important criteria for measuring R&D effectiveness:

Table 1.2: Criteria evaluation of system phase

SYSTEM PHASE EVALUATION CRITERIA
Input  Enough R&D investment
 Enough R&D productivity
 Degree of professionalism
 Skill level of R&D personnel
Throughput  Feasibility of R&D plan
 Adequate education and training
 Validation of selected R&D topics
 Collaboration between R&D and production/marketing
 Expansion and diversification of research areas.
Output  Degree of goal achievement
 Usefulness of developed technology
Outcomes  Expected profit increment
 Effects on general management improvement

2.5.3 Preliminary Design Proposal

After analysing the project brief and site, both Architect and Client conducted their CCM
(Client Consultant Meeting), where Architect has to present a Preliminary Design Proposal to
client. After presenting the design proposal, the client would provide feedbacks for the
architect. At this stage, client has to determine whether the project architect is suitable to be
appointed for the project.

Figure 2.5.6: Preliminary Design Proposal (Lim, 2019)

2.5.4 Pre-Consultation Report

Once the design has amended based on the comments and feedbacks by client during CCM, a
Pre-Consultation Report is produced by architect. This report consists of design concept, 3D
renderings, schematic floor plan and other drawings. The report is then submitted for the
authorities. This is the final stage of pre-consultation phase before moving onto consultation
phase.

Figure 2.5.7: Rendering Perspective drawings (Wong, 2019)

After signing the contractual agreements and approving the pre-consultation report,
the consultation phase took place by organizing an appointment of consultants, followed by
producing a preliminary cost estimation and end with submitting approval documents.
Consultation phase are responsible on hiring other consultants such as Quantity Surveyor,
Civil and Structural engineer and more. Developer have are ability to terminate a contract
with any consultants or contractors if they did not obey the on-site guidelines.
 Figure 2.5.8: Appointment of consultants (Lim, 2019)

2.5.5 Preliminary Cost Estimation

This method conduct based on the preliminary design proposal and pre-consultation report.
The preliminary estimate is the approximate cost of the project calculated during the
conceptual phase of the project. If there are no engineering drawings and specifications,
preliminary estimates are required. It predicts the total budgeted cost of a specific
construction project. In addition to new buildings, it can also prepare for demolition or
renovation projects. Depending on the type of infrastructure, it is estimated that the
technology and unit may change.
 1. For buildings: the cost per square foot/per cubic foot/per room/person is given.
2. For highways and highways: provide the speed per kilometre according to the
thickness of the layer and the type of building material.
3. For irrigation channels: the cost per kilometre is given. Can also be based on per
hectare (area irrigation via canals/waterways)

Cost estimation can be divided into two types, which are construction cost and
development cost. In this project, the construction cost involved general conditions, piling
works, and others, while the development cost involved contribution to local and utility
authority, fluctuation of prices, professional fees, etc.

Figure 2.5.9: Preliminary Cost Estimation (Lim, 2019)

2.5.6 Planning Approval Documents

In this stage, the documents which required submitting involved Planning Permission. After
presenting the preliminary consultation report, planning permission is prepared by project
architect, to submit to Majlis Perbandaran Planning Department. KM submission is the first
local authority’s submission before the launching of any project developments.

Figure 2.5.10: Sample Letter

As a summary, the schematic design stage will be completed when the planning
approval documents are submitted to Majlis Perbandaran and approved by local authorities.
Once everything has finalised, design development phase would take place after schematic
design.
2.6 Contract Documentation

2.6.1 Tender

In this project, tender notice was produced to request for proposal and requests for
quotation from supplier on sanitary fixtures as well as door and windows. The tenders are
then selected through a bidding process. The invitation to tender was issued to pre-selected
supplier after the preparation of tender documents. Through the collaboration and
recommendation and the Quantity Surveyor, the project manager then complied the
shortlisted supplier before turning it in for the clients to decide.

Upon the closing of the tendering process, the QS will then compile and tidy up a list
of tender documents for evaluation. The QS also collaborated with the architects and other
consultants regarding the tender. The tender is then selected based on the best and is able to
ensure the balance between qualities, cost and time is able to be achieved.

Figure 2.6.1: Tender document for evaluation (Ho, 2019)

 Figure 2.6.2: Tender Report (Ho, 2019)

After the evaluation among the consultants, the QS then compiled all the opinions and
suggestions from the consultants, forming a report of the shortlisted tenderers. The report is
then presented to the project manager and clients to further discuss and evaluate to select the
best tender of the project. Once the tender have been shortlisted, after the advice and
recommendations by the other consultants, the consultants had the last opportunity to perform
tender negotiations, where all the revised tenders are then submitted in a form of the report.

2.6.2 Letter of Award

After the revisions and negotiations, the letter of award or acceptance is then issued to the
selected tender to be signed. The money deposit submitted by each tender is then refunded to
the unsuccessful tenderers by the QS.

2.6.3 Contract Agreement

The tender documents and the letter of acceptance will then become the baseline for the
contract agreement. The contract agreement prepared by the project manager will then state
the contract details and conditions, which will later then be signed by both the selected
tenderers as well as the clients.
 Figure 2.6.3: Letter of award and contract of agreement (Wong, 2019)

2.7 Problem solving according to professional practice

Start

Problem
definition

Problem
analysis

Solution to
problem

Implementing
the solution

Discussion

End

Figure 2.7.1: Process of problem solving according to professional practice

2.7.1 Problem Definition

There is so many topical issues which have implications for the construction industry have,
so far, only been discussed to a significant extent in the development countries. Construction
industry development is a deliberate process to improve the capacity and effectiveness of the
construction industry in order to meet the demand for building and civil engineering products,
and to support sustained national economic and social development objectives.

There will be some challenges facing by professionalism especially from Consultant

Company. Most common issue will be the changes of design during construction. Design
changes and rework are inevitable in most of construction projects. It brings a significant
factor inhibiting construction project performance. Performance of construction is much
impacted by design changes. Changes of design during construction, for instance, (a) piling
driven at wrong point, (b) shifting point for foundation due to groundwater table, and (c)
modification on sewerage culvert. Generally, parties involved in changes of design will be
contractor, consultant, authority (such as, JKR), client, and utilities providers.

Our project proposed 2 storey terrace house at no.1, Jalan Onepark, Taman Semenyih
Idaman at Semenyih, Selangor. As the works progress goes on, regular inspection is an
important in order to ensure the quality and compliance of the work. For our project, the
construction work phase is divided into several stages and an inspection of checklist is
prepared for different architectural works. Upon completion of each stage, the contractor
requests for site inspection with the clerk of works. During the inspection, the clerk of works
have refers to the construction drawing. Then the statement method and inspection checklist
prepared by the contractor, when the project quality plan was submitted earlier in the project.
Figure 2.7.2: Sample of Request Form for Inspection (Leong, 2019)

Figure 2.7.3: Sample of Inspection Checklist (Leong, 2019)

2.7.2 Problem Analysis

Based on the inspection on site, we as a consultant has detected the complete works are
deemed not acceptable; the contractor is expected to rectify the issue immediately. The issue
detected was the wrong location of piling point. As a consultant, we release Non
Conformance Report (NCR) to records the details of non-conformance identified in the
completed work to be issue out to the contractor. So, the corrective action can be initiated in
the situations where the contractor does not take immediate actions. Once the rectified works
are deemed acceptable, the contractor notifies that the remedial work listed in the NCR has
been completed.

Figure 2.7.4: Sample of Non Conformance Report (NDR)

2.7.3 Problem Solution

As the consultant, the architect solves the problem by redesign the location of pile in drawing
design. The location of the pile should be in the specified distance based on the standard in
design of piling and must consider underground utilities such as sewerage, piping system, and
M&E utilities. The redesign also consider the cost of the project which is it must not over the
budget and must economics. The design also has to be sustainable which the architect should
accept the responsibility in making decisions consistent with safety health and welfare of
public and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or environment. It also
to improves the understanding of technology and it’s appropriate applications and potential
consequences.

PROJECT ARCHITECT
•To re-design the project design drawing and notify parties involved.

QUANTITY SURVEYOR
•To re-calculate the bill of quantities before gain approval from authority.

AUTHORITY
•The authority involved will have to approve the redesign drawing and bill of quantities.

CLIENT
•The client involved will have to sign the approval for the revised document before submit
to the contractor.
CONTRACTOR
•The redesign drawing and bill of quantites will pass to the contractor to rectify the issue.

Figure 2.7.5: Process of solution to the changes in design problem

2.7.4 Problem Implementation

For this project the problem was implementing by using appropriate tools during the
production period of the project. The tools use in contributes to productivity and efficiency of
the project are:

i. Planning and Scheduling

ii. Drafting and Design

iii. Methods using Software such as Esteem

i. Planning and Scheduling

For planning and scheduling the project was planning using Microsoft excel as the
professional guidelines in time management and goals from different perspective that needs
to be achieved in a specified time frame. This software used helps aid planning and
scheduling in more efficient way by creating time frames to be more structural manner that
everyone have access too.

Figure 2.7.7: Example of Project Timeline (Lim, 2019)

ii. Drafting and Design

The project also implement by using production tool that is Auto CAD computer-aided
software to produces drafting to drawing a project design in two dimensional (2D) and three
dimensional (3D) models. This software aids users with a simple interface but produce a
productive outcome. This software also assist in creating blueprint drawing which the
complete drawing will be printed to be submit to the client.

Figure 2.7.8: Example of Project Drawing using AutoCAD (Lim, 2019)

iii. Software using Esteem

The project also implemented using Esteem software. Esteem Innovation is a leading
Building Intelligence Modeling software-house involved in the research, development and
marketing of the architectural and structural software products for the building and
construction industry. Esteem integrated total solution software has been chosen as the key
productivity tools in many structural consulting engineering firms locally. Esteem products
have been in the market since 1994. Esteem Innovation continually employs the latest IT
innovations, engineering knowledge and management trends to make it one of the most agile
and needs-filling IT company in the building and construction industry. By using this
software the design team can safe time for redesign and cost, because with this software the
design team will easily detect the failure in the piling design which this software can
immediately show the result in three Dimensional (3D) models.
 Figure 2.7.9: Example of Esteem Software

2.7.5 Problem Process Discussion

For this project activity we as a consultant has to do corrective on the issue that obtain from
NCR report and then analyze the problem. After analyze the problem the implementation step
should be conduct by redesign the drawing design based on the issue that have been detected.
The corrective on design should consider people well being and ensure the sustainability for
environment which is based on the professional practice by not neglected the rule and
regulation which the design should follow the drawing standard. From this project activity,
the project outcome will be discussed on the next sub topic.

3.0 PROJECT OUTCOMES

3.1 Introduction

In this part, present that the process of payment on project. The process of redesign will claim
the new financial issue based of work that needed. Based on figure below, it shows that the
process of payment before project hand over to the client.

3.2 Payment to Contractor

After each point of work that is finished, the contractor submits the progress claim to the
Quantity Surveyor consultant, which consists of the total of progress claim, the quantity
breakdown and the summary of products used in the construction process. A joint-site
assessment is carried out by contractors, job clerks, and the contractor during the payment
period to check and review the improvement. Once authorized, these parties then send the
verification letters to J. Junior Engineer Sdn. Bhd.

In order for the architect to issue a payment certificate and forward it to the
development consultant to review and recommend the payment, the quantity surveyor then
prepares and issues the valuation certificate to the architect, and thus passes it on to the boss,
Iwajib Group, who accepts the payment recommendation.

Chart 3.1: Process of Payment

3.3 Progress Billing

Progress billing is an invoice used for a particular part of the project to collect payment from
a client such that the contractor has ample funds to continue the function in the interim to
complete the project.

After a rigorous inspection, the clerk of work prepares a complete form of certificate
of billing until a building stage is finished. The billing certificate is sent to J. Junior Engineer
Sdn. Bhd. to remind them of the launch of finished units for certificate problems and
construction consultancy demands.
 The architects issue the billing certificate to the development consultant to verify for
the fulfillment of the minimum necessary work with assurance by the consulting engineers.
Then, the certificate is submitted to the Department of Sales/Credit Management. Billing for
orders of the units would be provided by the Sales/Credit Management of Department. After
the completion of the construction work approval from service provider, the project is ready
to enter to the final completion phase.

Figure 3.3.1: Document of Progress Billing

Figure 3.3.2: Document of Progress Billing

Figure 3.3.3: Document of Progress Billing

4.0 FEEDBACK

Feedback from the solved problem could be determined in construction by the extent to
which a physical facility (product) and the construction process (service) meet and/or exceed
the requirements of a client. The client’s expectations of construction are a function of
several factors firstly, the previous or direct interactions of the client with the contractor and
related contractors, secondly the word-of-mouth knowledge about the contractor, and lastly
the personal needs of the client. In addition, the expectations of a client are influenced by the
marketing practices and reputation of a contractor, the client's own investment in the project,
and the relationship between the two parties.

From the subsection of 3.3 that explain about problem solving which is solve with
redesign by architect, re-calculate the bill quantities by quantity surveyor than authorise and
approval by authority also the client signs the approval of the revised document. Besides,
after the problem solve by implement with various tool and discussion process about the
problem, the outcomes indicate that the new financial of the project in the process of payment
including process of billing. After that, the final completion needs to conduct.

4.1 Final completion

Final completion includes several stages prior to the issuance of the final certificate,
including the comprehensive planning of the handing over of the building to inspections for
the issuance of several certificates and the observation of the duration of responsibility for
deficiencies prior to the completion of the certificate. This structured phase helps
professionals to address issues during the stay of residents for an effective period of time.

Weeks before the data of practical completion, the contractor is responsible to ensure
the building is ready for inspection. The works that has to carried out during this period is a
systematic preliminary inspection to be observe progress, unforeseen problems and defects.
Besides, a quality inspection needs to carry out through during this period in relation to the
schedule proposed by the project manager. This inspection can take place every now and then
before the issuance of the final completion to achieve minimum defects during the vacant
possession phase and to minimise rework as it helps save time and cost of the contractor.
 Within this period, the contractor is responsible to carry out any outstanding remedial
and repair identified work that are undone in specified the miss located of the pile to the
piling point. It is also the contractor scope to report progress to the respective professionals
and consultants upon the resolve of the outstanding work being raised during inspection.

Figure 4.1.1: Sample of statement of defects (Lim, 2019)

In addition, after doing rounds of pre-completion checks, the sits are then officially
and legally handed over to the client, IWajib Group. The architects is responsible to be
competent and assure the client that all work being initiate and done following the contract. A
meeting is held for the official handover and the client should be provided the following
documents;

a) All certificates and warranties in respect of the works

b) Building logbook and user guide
c) Operation and Maintenance Manual
d) Equipment and Safety test certificates
e) As-Built Drawing from consultants, specialist suppliers and contractors
f) Health and Safety file
The handover procedure allows the contractor to be free from his/her responsibility in
security, facilities and management of site.

Figure 4.1.2: Sample of handover documentation and Joints site inspection for handing
over project document (Lim, 2019)

By using certificate of practical completion, the certificate of the contractual is issue by

the architect and known as the Superintendent Officer (SO) to the main contractor when the
architect is satisfied with all work and is deemed practically completed. On the other hand in
some development, attached with the CPC might come with the following documents from
the authority for application of CF (Certificate of Fitness) such as bomba, TnB, Syabas, TM,
local council, IWK (sewerage), JPS (road and drainage) and other necessary documents. This
certificate is usually issued in accordance with Vacant Possession that caters to the Defect
Liability Period.
 Figure 4.1.3: Sample of certificate of practical compliance document and certificate of
practical compliance document for Mechanical & Electrical work (Lim, 2019)

Figure 4.1.4: Sample of certificate of practical compliance document for Architectural

works (Lim, 2019)

After the Certificate of Practical Completion is done, Defect Liability Period also
currently known as the Rectification on period in Joint Contracts Tribunal now commences.
It is a time frame often a period of 6 months to a year that is given to owners when they
receive the delivery of vacant possession and keys to their own property. During this period
any defects in the property that arises during the stay are taken into the hand of client, IWajib
Group and responsible to fix the pronto.
 Figure 4.1.5: Sample of schedule of defects (Lim, 2019)

4.2 Feedback from relationship between client, consultant, contractor and user

In construction, the relationship between client and contractor constitutes a multilevel

complex in which parties operate simultaneously and collaborate with in-groups of networks
show in figure 5.6 below. Client satisfaction in constructions can thus be interpreted as a
partnership instead of as a transaction-specific construction and customer satisfaction can be
influenced by the nature of the connections between project participants. Consequently,
conventional models of product manufacturing use customer relationship management will
not deliver the best construction performance produce the best building results (see e.g.
Homburgh and Rudolph 2001).
 Client

Figure 4.2.1: Client relationships and interactions in the construction supply chain
(Ventovuori et al. 2002)

One important aspect of client satisfaction in construction is that, as a result of the

long duration of the project and the fact that defects remain most clearly in the mind of the
client throughout the hand-over period, the customer may overemphasize the later phases of
the project (Kärnä and Junnonen 2004). The development of numerous customer feedback
tools makes it easier to detect issues early on, before disputes develop. The task then is to
create a feedback system that takes into account the expectations of the contractor's output of
the customers and the other parties, both during the construction planning process and after
the completion of the facility. Developing shared input during the construction process could
help to recognize the critical areas where issues occur during the project and could also
enhance the collective learning of the project parties. It could also increase the reliability of
the feedback when determining the project's progress.
5.0 CONCLUSION

The assessment of the Melwood Park of One Park housing project enables us to further
understand the roles as professional during the stage underwent in a construction process. It
also important as the relation of professionalism in project management brings a major
significant to the construction project performance.

Through it all, we have learned and understood the importance of professionals doing
a well structured process from the start, to the execution all the way to the finishing phase.
Besides, the roles and responsibilities held by each stakeholder are just as important. It is
crucial where the framework of each party is taken into account on the success or failure of a
project.

From this project, we are able to take a thorough look into the different stages and
phases underwent in a project, for instance, the schematic design, design development,
contract documentation, contract implementation as well as the final completion. These
processes involve a great deal of coordination, collaboration and communication between all
the stakeholders in order to achieve a successful project.

Furthermore, we are able to learn how to solve the inevitable problem occurred during
the construction implementation phase. At this time, professionals will have to take measures
solving the problem in line with the standard of design. Also, there might be several
considerations need to take into account in measurement. It is to make sure that there will be
no any other issues occur after solving the particular matter.

Last but not least, we also learned that professionals during construction must deal
with project management that will serve to mediate between the different parties of the
project team. It is to ensure smooth communication and proper documentation. Therefore, it
is utmost important that the project objectives and goals are shared among the stakeholders in
order to ensure the direction of the project is committed by all involving parties.
Appendix A
Interview Through Whatsapp Application

Below shows the interview conversation between one of our member with her
previous colleague that work in consultant firm. The interview was informal interview
that conduct through Whatsapp application.

The interview conversation start with greeting. The interviewee name is Madam
Winnie. She work at consultant firm in administration department for more than two
years and she handle the submission drawing and procurement document. Her
previous work she says that she handle AVTC but now she handle building plan
section and interim certificate.
Then she explain the step about the submission of building plan. She said that the
submission not same as previous submission. For building plan if housing
development, the submission architectural drawing submit to the authority which is
Land & Survey (2 sets),Council (3 sets). If for commercial/industrial construction, the
submission drawing to Bomba department (4 sets), Land & survey (2 sets) and
Council (3 sets). The different of submission is for the housing construction there no
need to submit to Bomba, only submit to Land & Survey and Council.

She also explain the step for submission AVTC which all submission is by architect.
She also said that AVTC submission first then engineering submission. First step is
submission for AVTC and engineering submission then the drawing have to be
approved to continue for building plan, structural drawing. After all the drawing has
been approved then apply for the Occupational permit (OP) for work permit for do the
inspection on site with Bomba and Council. Then all the document has to be approved
and the client get the Occupational Permit to proceed in selling step to user.
 MINUTE OF MEETING 1

UQU40103 PROFESSIONALS AT WORK

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTAL

FKAAB

DATE: 21 NOVEBER 2020

TIME: 3.00 PM – 4.00 PM

VENUE: AT HOME

PLATFORM: ONLINE MEETING USING GROUP WHATAPP

Members present:

1. Peggy Suenie Anak Achong

2. Elvida Runai Anak Dang

3. Garvin Tea

4. Iskandar Bin Abdul Rahim

5. Afif Rizqin Bin Abdul Malek

Members’ apologies: -

NO SUBJECT ACTION BY FEEDBACK

1.0 Discussion on the Project Title and Description

i. Appoint group leader and secretary.

All group All members
ii. Our group members discuss the requirements give opinions.
members
of the projects.
2.0 Work distribution

i. Every group member discusses about preparing

work planning in the project of 3 story
shophouse.
ii. According to the architectural drawing of 3
story shophouse purposed by draughtman and
already approve by authority, the preparation All group
of Structural drawing is needed to be done by members
time given to complete the drawing. Therefore,
our structure engineer needs to do some
research about the architectural drawing.

iii. Preparing work schedule for completing the

structure drawing.

All group
3.0 Closing
members

Group leader remind our group members to bring the propose structure drawing for
the next meeting.

Prepared by,

….…………………….

ISKANDAR BIN ABDUL RAHIM (CF170009)

 MINUTE OF MEETING 2

UQU40103 PROFESSIONALS AT WORK

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTAL FKAAB

DATE: 02 DECEMBER 2020

TIME: 4.00 PM – 5.00 PM

VENUE: AT HOME

PLATFORM: ONLINE MEETING USING GROUP WHATAPP

Members present:

1. Peggy Suenie Anak Achong

2. Elvida Runai Anak Dang

3. Garvin Tea

4. Iskandar Bin Abdul Rahim

5. Afif Rizqin Bin Abdul Malek

Members’ apologies: -

NO SUBJECT ACTION BY FEEDBACK

1.0 Discussion on the Project workflow and description

i. Our group members discuss the workflow of

the project. All group All members
ii. Group leader to ask opinions and further members give opinions.
project detail discussion for the project’s topics.
2.0 Work distribution

i. Every group member was told to proceed with

their part of the project assessment.
ii. According to the organisation chart given, each
of the members should briefly explain based on
their position and role in the implementation of All group All members
the project as the employees of Consultant members give opinions.
Company.
iii. Each of group members has been reminded to
write their logbook as a work progress for
project report.

All group
3.0 Closing
members

Group leader remind our group members to proceed with our work progress and keep
it updated.

Prepared by,

….…………………….

PEGGY SUENIE ANAK ACHONG (CF170071)