SRI SAI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PATANCHERU

CLASS: IX – BIOLOGY

CHAPTER 3 – TISSUES: PLANT AND ANIMAL TSSUES

[Homework: page no: 26 – progress check – IN HOME WORK BOOK]

[NOTE: Copy the notes in class work]

CONDUCTING TISSUES

Permanent tissue: 1) Protective tissue

2) Supporting tissue
3) Conducting tissue

Conducting tissue [vascular tissue]

Two types: 1) Xylem 2) Phloem

1. Xylem
Xylem cells are elongated and thick-walled.
Function: Xylem provides for the upward movement of water and dissolved materials.
Xylem tissue consists of four types of cells:
i. Tracheids
ii. Vessels [tracheae]
iii. Xylem parenchyma
iv. Xylem fibres

(i) Tracheids
 Tracheids are elongated dead cells with large cavities without any contents.
 They have highly lignified cell walls.
Function: Tracheids provide mechanical support.

(ii) Xylem vessels or tracheae

 Xylem vessels are tube-like structures.
 They have lignified cell walls.
Function: Xylem vessels transport water and dissolved materials.

(iii) Xylem parenchyma

 Xylem parenchyma consists of living cells.
Function: (i) xylem parenchyma stores food (sugars, starch).
(ii) It helps in the conduction of water and minerals.

(iv) Xylem fibres/wood fibres/xylem sclerenchyma

 Xylem fibres are thick walled, long narrow cells with tapering ends.
Function: Xylem fibres provide only mechanical support to the plant.

2. Phloem
Function: Phloem provides a passage for the upward and downward movement of
food manufactured in the leaves.
Xylem tissue consists of four types of cells:
i. Sieve tubes
ii. Companion cells
 iii. Phloem parenchyma
iv. Phloem fibres

(i) Sieve tubes

 Sieve tubes are made up of elongated cells placed end to end.
 Transverse walls are perforated and are called sieve plates.
Function: Sieve tubes help in the transport of food.

(ii) Companion cells

 Companion cells are living parenchyma cells.
Function: Companion cells help in the functioning of sieve tube cells.

(iii) Phloem parenchyma

Function: Phloem parenchyma cells concerned with storage of starch, fat and other
organic food material.

(iv) Phloem fibres

 Phloem fibres are sclerenchymatous tissues.
Function: Phloem fibres provide support.

Xylem and Phloem vascular bundles

Examples of vascular bundles: Veins of leaves

Xylem and phloem complex tissue

Plant tissues

Meristematic Permanent

Protective Supportive Conductive

Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

Xylem Phloem
 REVIEW QUESTIONS

E. Structured/application questions:

1. Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:
[Diagram page no: 32]
(a) Identify the tissue and give a reason to your answer.
Ans: Phloem.
Reason: Presence of sieve plate and companion cells.

(b) Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Ans: 1 – sieve cell 2 – Phloem parenchyma 3 – Companion cell 4 – sieve tube

(c) Where is this tissue likely to be fund in the plant?

Ans: Phloem is found in the veins of leaves, stem and root.

(d) State the function of parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Ans: 1 – sieve cell: helps in the transport of food.
2 – Phloem parenchyma: stores starch, fat and other organic food material.
3 – Companion cell: Helps in the functioning of sieve cell.
4 – Sieve plate: Helps in the transport of food.