Practical botany

Course 2
First stage
Lab 1
srwa.anwer@su.edu.krd
 Vascular tissues
Vascular tissues: is a complex tissue (made up of more than one type of cell) found in
vascular plants.

There are two types of vascular tissue:

1- Xylem tissue
2- Phloem tissue
 1-Xylem tissues
in Angiosperm plants consist of:
1. Vessels: formed from a chain of cells connected to each other from their
end. Their functions are transfer of water.
2. Tracheids:are elongated cells with tapering ends, their function are
transferring and supporting
3. Xylem fiber supporting
4. Xylem parenchyma storage the food

But in Gymnosperm plants the vessels are absent.

 2-Phloem tissues
in Angiosperm plants consists of:
1. Sieve tube: consists of chain of cells, have tubular shape, contain sieve plate
carrying pores for passing the plasmodesmata, sieve tube is specialized for
the conduction of food and other organic substances.
2. Companion cells: companied with sieve tubes
3. Phloem fiber supporting role
4. Phloem parenchyma storage the food

- But in Gymnosperm plants the sieve tubes are replaced by sieve cells and
the companion cells are absent.