159 CH 3 2021

Chapter 3
Carl Jung:
Analytical Psychology
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Jung’s Theory of Personality:
Analytic Psychology
• Disagreed with Freud regarding the:
– Role of sexuality
– Forces that influence
personality
– Unconscious
Life of Jung
• 1875-1961
• Viewed:
– Father as kind, weak, and powerless
• Mother as powerful and emotionally
unstable
• Introverted, lonely, and isolated
– Found solace in his dreams, visions, and
fantasies
Life of Jung (continued)
• Studied medicine and specialized in

psychiatry
• Became a disciple of Freud
– Severed the relationship after
disagreements
Psychic Energy: Basis of
Jung’s System
• Libido: Broad and generalized form
of psychic energy
– Psyche: Term for personality
Principles of Psychic Energy
• Opposition Principle: Conflict
between opposing processes
required to generate psychic energy
• Equivalence Principle: Continuous
redistribution of energy
– Expended or weakened energy is
transferred elsewhere in the personality
• Entropy Principle: Tendency
toward balance or equilibrium
Aspects of Personality
Psychological
Ego Attitudes
functions
Psychological Personal
Complexes
types unconscious
The collective
Archetypes
unconscious
Ego
• Conscious aspect of the psyche

• Selective about what is admitted into
awareness
Attitudes of the Psyche
Extraversion Introversion
Orientation
Orientation
toward one’s
toward external
own thoughts
world and others
and feelings
Psychological Functions
• Ways of perceiving a person’s

external and internal world
Non
Rational
rational
Sensing Thinking
Intuition Feeling
Table 3.1 - Jung’s
Psychological Types
The Personal Unconscious
and Complexes
• Personal unconscious: Reservoir
for material that was once conscious
– Similar to Freud’s preconscious
• Complexes: Pattern of emotions,
memories, perceptions, and wishes
in the personal unconscious
– Organized around a common theme
– May be conscious or unconscious
The Collective Unconscious
and Archetypes
• Collective unconscious: Deepest
level of the psyche
– Contains the accumulation of inherited
experiences of human and pre-human
species
• Archetypes: Images of universal
experiences in the collective
unconscious
Archetypes
Persona archetype
• Public face or role presented to others
Shadow archetype
• Contains primitive animal instincts
Self archetype
• Unity, integration, and harmony of the total personality
Archetypes (continued)
• Opposite sex characteristics
Animus archetype
• Masculine aspect of the female

psyche
Anima archetype
• Feminine aspect of the male psyche
archetypes
q inherited; genetic basis
q shadow and anima/animus as archetypes
q other archetypes
qThe Great Mother
qThe Hero
qThe Heroine
qThe Wise old sage
qThe Trickster
q Psychosis: Dangers of the Collective

Unconscious
synchronicity
• the acausal principle, in which
events are determined by
transpersonal forces
üa coincidence in which the phone

rings just as you are thinking of
the person who calls
übookcase cracking when Jung
and Freud met
Individuation: How to Reach
Fulfillment
• Individuation
Transcend
– Integration of all
conscious and Accept the anima and animus
unconscious facets
of personality Accept the dark side
Dethrone the persona
Confront the unconscious
Questions About Human
Nature
• Deterministic and free will
• Mixed position about nature and
nurture influences
• Past and present focus
• Uniqueness fades over time
• Growth throughout life
• Optimistic
Jung’s Assessment
Techniques
Word-association test Symptom analysis
Projective technique Similar to catharsis

Person responds to a stimulus
word with any word that Verbal report of symptoms
comes to mind
Uncovers complexes Interpretation of free
associations
Jung’s Assessment
Techniques (continued)
Dream analysis Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

(MBTI)
Interpretation of dreams to Based on Jung’s psychological
uncover unconscious content types and attitudes
Held that dreams are prospective Popular self-report inventory
and compensatory
Used amplification to analyze Used for hiring and promotion
dreams
Research on Jung’s Theory
• Used life-history reconstruction

– Life-history reconstruction
• Examining past experience to identify
developmental patterns that may explain
present neuroses
• Analysis of data was subjective and
unreliable
– No verbatim and verification of accuracy
Research on Jung’s Theory
(continued)
Psychological types
• Introverts prefer
technical and scientific
jobs
• Extraverts prefer socially
oriented jobs
• Extraverts score higher
on happiness and life
satisfaction
• Introverts prefer online
social contact
Reflections on Jung’s Theory
• Contributions
– Word association became a standard
projective technique
• Inspired the development of Rorschach
inkblot test and lie-detection techniques
– Influenced future theorists
– First to emphasize the role of future in
determining behavior
– Midlife crisis is supported by
considerable research
Reflections on Jung’s Theory
(continued)
• Criticisms
– Concepts were difficult to understand
– Writings were inconsistent and lacked
systematization
– Embrace of the occult and supernatural

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Chapter 3

• Studied medicine and specialized in

• Conscious aspect of the psyche

• Ways of perceiving a person’s

• Public face or role presented to others

• Contains primitive animal instincts

• Unity, integration, and harmony of the total personality

• Opposite sex characteristics

• Masculine aspect of the female

• Feminine aspect of the male psyche

q Psychosis: Dangers of the Collective

üa coincidence in which the phone

Dethrone the persona

Confront the unconscious

Word-association test Symptom analysis

Projective technique Similar to catharsis

Dream analysis Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

• Used life-history reconstruction

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