Design: creative activity that aims to project objects that

Valves and their operation are useful and aesthetic

Topic
Brayan Alejandro Amaya Alfonso (71835)
Juan Sebastián Hernández Rocha (71177)
Nubia Godoy Ruiz (60918) Valves can be classified as a mechanical object which
can start, stop or regulate the passage of liquids or gases
through an internal system that opens, closes or partially
ECCI University obstructs one or more orifices or conduits.
Mechanical Engineering

brayan.amayaa@ecci.edu.co In pneumatics, the valve is the control element that

juans.hernandezr@ecci.edu.co determines the characteristics of the circuit, and must
Nubia.godoyr@ecci.edu.co have decisive qualities to act on the elements or
Article Tutor
parameters that intervene in the operating process of the
pneumatic circuit for industrial automation, in the case of
Juan Carlos Vizcano Aponte several installations they are used valves and are
calibrated by the flow of liquids or gases.
cachurym@ecci.edu.co

But that is a flow; Flow is defined as a fluid in motion.

We are going to describe the flow of a fluid as a function
ABSTRACT of certain physical variables such as pressure, density,
and velocity at all points in the fluid.

Currently in the electrical, mechanical and pneumatic

And the types of flow that these valves handle for their
industry thousands of systems that work by means of
correct operation and for the fulfillment of their
valves are used and implemented. These valves are found
programming are:
in different pressures, diameters and materials, each one
of them has and fulfills different tasks and functions that
STATIONARY FLOW: This type of flow occurs when
we will talk about in this article, about them and how
the variables that characterize it are constant over time.
they are used. These valves can be classified as a
These variables will no longer depend on time, such as
mechanical object which can start, stop or regulate the
speed, which can have a certain constant value.
passage of liquids or gases through an internal system
that opens, closes or partially obstructs one or more
UNIFORM FLOW: We have this type of flow when the
orifices or conduits.
physical variable is the same at all points of the flow. For
example, in a uniform flow the speed of all the particles
Within the industry Valves are the most essential control
is the same at any instant of time, therefore, the speed
instruments in the industry. Due to their design and
will not depend on the position of the fluid particle,
materials, pipes can open and close, connect and
disconnect, regulate, modulate or isolate a huge series of
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW: When a fluid flow is
liquids and gases, from the simplest to the most corrosive
compressed, if the density remains constant, the flow is
or toxic.
said to be incompressible. Otherwise, the flow is said to
be compressible.
Keywords: Valve, operation, instrument, design.

Valve: mechanical object which can start, stop or

regulate the passage of liquids or gases
How it works: The way a certain thing or object works.
Instrument: Object used to carry out a job or activity

1
Valve types

Ball Valve: Ball or ball valves are low pressure and

simple design, often used to regulate and control flow.
They are a versatile type of valve in fluid control, which
makes it one of the most famous valves. Certainly its
quick closing of ¼ turn normally with a key allows its
operation to be very simple, also its design is smaller
than the gate valves.

Characteristics:
Figure 2.Globe valve
1. High bi-directional cutting capacity
Gate valve: This valve has a gate or blade operated by a
2. Driving in a straight line
stem to open, close or regulate the flow of liquid or gas
3. Easy maintenance
that passes through the interior of the valve. They are
4. Hermetic seal with low torque
implemented in general service, oils and petroleum.

Characteristics:

1. High capacity
2. Hermetic closure
3. Simple design and operation

Figure 1. Ball Valve

Globe valve: globe valves have a fixed cone-shaped

shutter plug and actuated by a stem to open, close or
regulate the flow of liquids or gases, which pass through
the through hole located inside the valve. These valves
allow the flow of fluid to be regulated, which, as it passes
through the valve, changes direction due to its design,
thus offering great resistance to its circulation.

Characteristics:

Figure 3.Gate valve

1. They make an airtight seal when it has a flexible seat
2. Easy maintenance
3. They act quickly.

2
Butterfly valve: The butterfly valve has a movable blade
known as a butterfly that partially opens, closes or
obstructs one or more conduits. These valves are low
pressure and very simple in design. They are
characterized by being fast acting thanks to the fact that
it only needs a quarter turn to go from closed to open,
also having a small pressure drop since it does not alter
the direction of flow.

Characteristics.

1. Light in weight and compact

2. Easy maintenance
3. High capacity
4. Driving in a straight line
Figure 5. Piston valve

Symbology

At the international level, the ISO 1219 1 and ISO 1219

2 standards, which have been adopted as the UNE-101
149 86 standards, are responsible for representing the
symbols to be used in pneumatic and hydraulic diagrams.

Table normalization.

Figure 4. Buteerfly valve

Piston valve: they represent an excellent performance in

the industry due to their savings in production, minimal
maintenance, and unlike conventional globe valves they
can be installed vertically.

The piston valves have a seal system and K-Graf rings Connections.
that do not allow leakage to the outside and will not have
environmental contamination. The following table shows and recognizes the different
types of connections.Some of the most important
Characteristics. elements for measurement and maintenance can be seen
in table 1.
1. They can be easily automated.
2. Zero leaks.
3. Easy maintenance.
4. Great resistance to abrasion

3
Table 1 connections.

Bibliography

1. https://www.calderasformacion.com/valvulas
-de-
piston/#:~:text=La%20v%C3%A1lvula%20
de%20pist%C3%B3n%20es,pist%C3%B3n
%20y%20la%20linterna%20arbusto.&text=
Esto%20significa%20que%20las%20superfi
cies,por%20el%20flujo%20de%20fluido.
2. http://www.valvulasymedidores.com/valvulas
_de_piston.html
3. https://www.rklinger.com.br/como-a-valvula-
de-pistao-pode-ajudar-no-seu-
processo/?lang=es
4. http://www.maquiventa.com/valvulas/valvula
s_de_piston.htm
5. http://www.portaleso.com/web_simbologia_n
euma/simbolos_neumatica_indice.html
6. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lvul
a_de_bola
7. https://tuvacol.com/valvulas/valvulas-de-
globo/
8. http://www.valvias.com/tipo-valvula-de-
compuerta.php
9. http://fcm.ens.uabc.mx/~fisica/FISICA_II/AP
UNTES/FLUJOS.htm#:~:text=Se%20define
%20como%20flujo%20a,todos%20los%20p
untos%20del%20fluido.
10. https://ar.microautomacion.com/es/definicion
Conclusions. -valvula-
neumatica/#:~:text=Las%20v%C3%A1lvula
1. Valves are extremely important work implements in s%20neum%C3%A1ticas%20son%20los,el
the manufacturing industry, throughout this article it was %20caudal%20de%20aire%20comprimido.
demonstrated how the main valves implemented in 11. https://tuvalrep.com.co/2018/10/16/valvulas-
production processes are already an important part and tipos-y-usos/
12. http://www.valvulasymedidores.com/
cannot be changed.
13. http://ingenierovizcaino.com/ecci/aut1/corte1/
2. Automation has taken valves to help manufacturing articulos/Valvulas.pdf
industries to better and better quality control, by
automating a process as critical as the opening of a valve
for the manufacture of a product, human error will
always be present. Through automation, calibrations can
be exact, reducing possible failures by a large
percentage.
3. The valves must be selected according to the task to be
carried out, because with this they are manufactured with
materials resistant to the work to be carried out,
generating a greater impact on the company's production
and giving greater reliability.