Case 1 

Amazon Web Services – opening internal technology to third parties: When Amazon Web Services initially launched
in 2006, it effectively launched the cloud computing market, allowing external companies to not just host webpages
but run code and calculations at a fraction of the cost of building their own server network. Since then, Amazon has
continued to develop new technology it would use for its own services, such as artificial intelligence, image
recognition, machine learning, and natural-language processing, and later make this technology available to their
customers. 
Case 2 
AliExpress – Making everyone a Shop Owner: AliExpress is one of the world’s largest eCommerce sites, and serves
as a commercial storefront for thousands of Chinese companies, allowing you to purchase everything to phone cases
to forklifts. However, AliExpress also allows the platform to handle purchases as listed on external storefronts using a
system called drop-shipping, where anyone can set up their own store, sell someone else’s products (but to
customers it looks like they are coming from the seller) and then have those manufacturers send the product directly
to the customer. 
 
Question: 
What are the different technological products present/ given in the above cases? Defend your answers. 
Before anything else, let me define what is technological product first, well technological product are material
(tangible) objects that have been designed by people and developed through technological practice to
serve functions.. 
On the first case, it says that amazon web services effectively launched the cloud computing market. Based on my
research, Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet. These resources include tools
and applications like data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software. Rather than keeping files on a
proprietary hard drive or local storage device, cloud-based storage makes it possible to save them to a remote
database. If an electronic device has access to the web, it has access to the data and the software programs to run
it. So on my own perspective, the product that was launched on the first case is consider as a technological product
but specifically, it is a software product. 
On the second case, the product that was given is the AliExpress, wherein it is one of the world’s
largest eCommerce sites, and serves as a commercial storefront for thousands of Chinese companies, allowing you
to purchase everything to phone cases to forklifts. In my own understanding, Ali Express is not considered as a
technological product, the product that was being sold on Ali express is the one that is considered as technological
product, not the site.
I chose the 7th question which is, “What is innovation?” 
So, what is innovation? According to some research, innovation is the actions required to create new ideas,
processes or products which when implemented lead to positive effective change. While invention requires the
creation of new ideas, processes or products, innovation moves one step further and requires implementation of the
inventive act. Innovation also implies a value system which seeks to derive a positive outcome from the inventive act.
For example, actions which lead to a negative performance metric would not be considered innovative, even if they
met the requirements of novelty and enabling actions. 

Innovation in business is the main topic in this research, so what is business innovation? Business innovation is
when an organization introduces new processes, services, or products to affect positive change in their business.
This can include improving existing methods or practices or starting from scratch. Ultimately the goal is to
reinvigorate a business, creating new value and boosting growth and/or productivity. An innovation is an idea that
has been transformed into practical reality. For a business, this is a product, process, or business concept, or
combinations that have been activated in the marketplace and produce new profits and growth for the organization.
According to Gary Harlan, "Most of us understand that innovation is enormously important. It's the only insurance
against irrelevance” So, what are we talking about when it comes to our day-to-day businesses and our daily
obstacles and challenges? We are talking about how we work and how we think. These are not simple things to
change or to improve; they involve being open, experimenting, and taking risks. When you are trying to get a project
out on time and under budget, there is not much time for experimentation and we all work very hard to minimize risk.
So, "innovation" for the long-term can sometimes seem like an impossible dream in the short-term.
Creativity is not the only ingredient to innovation. Though creativity of itself is a valuable and rewarding trait to have
and to use, it is not always primary in the worlds of technology and business. Innovation comes from actually solving
problems in new and better ways. The key to innovation is finding the problems, clarifying them, and solving them
before others do. Problems may be solved creatively, but they may also be solved simply and plainly. The key is
being accurate about what the root cause of the problem is. 
When we talk about innovation, we are talking about creativity, mindful thinking and critical decision making.
Business innovation gives a huge impact in one’s business and it plays a huge role that gives a lot of advantages to
the company’s owner. First is, innovation helps companies grow, how? We’ve all heard the phrase “adapt or die” and
for businesses to achieve success in today’s modern world, this is a universal truth. Take, for example, the massive
expansion in technological advancements in the past decade; because of this extreme growth, businesses have
been forced to adapt and expand more than ever before. So with the use of innovation, a lot of companies become
for boastful and adaptive which leads them to a greater business path. Next is you can solve problem easily. In
running a business, there are lots of problems that is needed to be solved in order for a business to run properly. You
need to come up with creative answers to solve certain problems in your business. Many times you’ll face problems
that don’t seem to go away. You need to think outside the box to find an answer you’ve never come up with. This way
you can make your product, store your inventory and find a creative solution to make your business better. Innovation
also increases the company’s productivity, In order to work smarter, think creatively. Focus on what things you should
streamline and what things you need to cut out. Also, focus on the programs and workflows that you can use to
increase productivity. In businesses, it is always preferred to test new ideas. You will be surprised by the combination
of ideas that work together to make productivity plans that work for your company. Next is, with innovation you can
market your business properly, every business wants to run their business properly right? And with the use of
innovation and creativity, one’s business can be successful in its own way. You can use various creative ideas and
innovation to make your business stand out from the crowd. Once you develop a unique character in your business,
you should market it. Just innovate a marketing plan that suits your business’ personality. Stand out from all other
businesses and this will help you make a unique identity among customers. Lastly, we all want to stand out right? In
the business world, competitors are everywhere. We can’t say that we are behind them or they are behind us.
Everyone that is committed in business wants to be on top right? Who would not want to beat their competitors? None,
because no one wants to be left behind. With the use of innovation, you can beat your competitors. When you think
innovatively, it becomes very easy to beat out your competition. You just need to put in a little creativity and you can
easily come up with better ways to design products and connect with customers. Along with this, creativity will help you
figure out the right marketing techniques that will help your business grow.
But of course, if there are advantages there are also disadvantages, so what are those negative effects of innovation in
one’s business? First is there will be a competition between businesses, An innovation only confers a competitive
advantage if competitors are not able to replicate it in their own businesses. Whilst patents provide some legal
protection, the reality is that many innovative products and processes are hard to protect. One danger is that one
research-driven, innovative company makes the initial investment and takes all the risk – only to find it is competing
with many me-too competitors riding on the coat-tails of the innovation. Next is innovation is Very costly and time
consuming. Businesses can run out of money if they invest too much and don't get products to market quickly
enough and it will end up wasting resources by developing something that doesn't sell, and some businesses who is
not able to produce new product on large scale at low enough cost then there will be no guaranteed return on
investment. Whether it’s small improvements that increase efficiency, an exciting new product or a major overhaul
that steps up your productivity, innovation can help you take your company to the next level.  In other words,
business innovation is the creation and adoption of something new that generates business value. This includes new
products, services, or processes, such as integrated supply chain solutions