Chapter 4 Process Costing and Hybrid Product-Costing Systems 167

Case
Laredo Leather Company manufactures high-quality leather goods. The company’s profits have declined  Case 4–39
during the past nine months. In an attempt to isolate the causes of poor profit performance, management Weighted-Average Process
is investigating the manufacturing operations of each of its products. Costing; Ethics
One of the company’s main products is leather belts. The belts are produced in a single, continuous (LO 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, 4-6)
process in the Dallas Plant. During the process, leather strips are sewn, punched, and dyed. The belts
4. Weighted-average unit
then enter a final finishing stage to conclude the process. Labor and overhead are applied continuously
cost of completed leather
during the manufacturing process. All materials, leather strips, and buckles are introduced at the begin-
belts: $6.10
ning of the process. The firm uses the weighted-average method to calculate its unit costs.
The leather belts produced at the Dallas Plant are sold wholesale for $9.95 each. Management Total cost of October 31 work
wants to compare the current manufacturing costs per unit with the market prices for leather belts. in process: $4,700
Top management has asked the Dallas plant controller to submit data on the cost of manufacturing the
leather belts for the month of October. These cost data will be used to determine whether modifications
in the production process should be initiated or whether an increase in the selling price of the belts is
justified. The cost per belt used for planning and control is $5.35.
The work-in-process inventory consisted of 400 partially completed units on October 1. The belts were
25 percent complete as to conversion. The costs included in the inventory on October 1 were as follows:

Leather strips ............................................................................................................................................................... $   990

Buckles ........................................................................................................................................................................ 260
Conversion costs .........................................................................................................................................................      300
Total ............................................................................................................................................................................. $1,550

During October 7,600 leather strips were placed into production. A total of 7,000 leather belts
were completed. The work-in-process inventory on October 31 consisted of 1,000 belts, which were
50 percent complete as to conversion.
The costs charged to production during October were as follows:

Leather strips.............................................................................................................................................................. $19,900

Buckles ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5,250
Conversion costs ........................................................................................................................................................   20,700
Total ............................................................................................................................................................................ $45,850

Required:
In order to provide cost data regarding the manufacture of leather belts in the Dallas Plant to the top
management of Laredo Leather Company, compute the following amounts for the month of October.

1. The equivalent units for material and conversion.

2. The cost per equivalent unit of material and conversion.
3. The assignment of production costs to the October 31 work-in-process inventory and to goods
transferred out.
4. The weighted-average unit cost of leather belts completed and transferred to finished goods. Com-
ment on the company’s cost per belt used for planning and control.
5. Laredo Leather Company’s production manager, Jack Murray, has been under pressure from the
company president to reduce the cost of conversion. In spite of several attempts to reduce conver-
sion costs, they have remained more or less constant. Now Murray is faced with an upcoming
meeting with the company president, at which he will have to explain why he has failed to reduce
conversion costs. Murray has approached his friend, Jeff Daley, who is the corporate controller,
with the following request: “Jeff, I’m under pressure to reduce costs in the production process.
There is no way to reduce material cost, so I’ve got to get the conversion costs down. If I can
show just a little progress in next week’s meeting with the president, then I can buy a little time
to try some other cost-cutting measures I’ve been considering. I want you to do me a favor. If we
raise the estimate of the percentage of completion of October’s inventory to 60 percent, that will
increase the number of equivalent units. Then the unit conversion cost will be a little lower.” By
how much would Murray’s suggested manipulation lower the unit conversion cost? What should
Daley do? Discuss this situation, citing specific ethical standards for managerial accountants.

(CMA, adapted)