_________________ DEPARTMENT

EXPERIMENT NO.3
FM MODULATION

SUBMITTED BY: CAVIMBI ALFEU ANTUNES

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. PABLO B. ASI, RECE, MEng

DATE PERFORMED:
 I. OBJECTIVES:
1. To be able to determine the FM Modulation

II. PROCEDURES:

To build the circuit proceed as follows:

Create an FM signal using MatLab using the following parameters:
Modulating frequency, fm 400 kHz
Amplitude of fm 5 Vpp
Carrier frequency, fc 20kHz
Amplitude of fc 5 Vpp
Sampling rate 1 MHz

III. OBSERVATION:
OBSERVATION

As observed in the front panel of FM modulation results, the spectrum is having number
of upper side band and lower side bands along with same equation produced for AM.
The modulation of any carrier creates sidebands and their bandwidth and amplitude are
straightforward. The Frequency modulation sidebands are dependent in both level of
the deviation and frequency modulation. Therefore from what it was obtained from FM
spectrum of FM front panel in results, the modulation spectrum included the carrier plus
an infinite number sidebands.
The average of the modulation signal is adjusted so that half the carrier is clipped off.
The modulation signal can then be up to the same amplitude as the carrier. At the top
end, all the carrier is passed, and at the bottom end none of it.

The result is a cut off sine wave. That's not the same as a amplitude-reduced sine
wave. The cut off sine has a lot of harmonics, with the desired amplitude-modulated
sine being in the mix. The remaining inductors and capacitors are set to resonate at the
carrier frequency. This filters out all the components of the messy cut-sine signal except
those close to the carrier frequency. The result is then a amplitude-modulated sine, as
intended.
CONCLUSION

FM MODULATION FM bandwidth covers all the frequency range which humans can
hear. The side bands of for an FM transmission theoretically extend out to infinity. To
limit the bandwidth of the transmission, filters are used. At higher frequency, FM
modulated signals pass through the ionosphere and do not get reflected. Thus, FM has
less coverage compared to AM signals. Therefore Signal and the frequency vary
according to the amplitude