I

NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

E-Commer
ce

Topi
ccover
ed:E-Commerce,TypesofEcommerce,
Int
eror
ganizat
ional
E-
commerce,
Int
raorgani
zat
ional
E-commerce,For
cesaff
ect
ingE-
commerce

UNI
T-1

Q1.Defi
neE-Commer
cewi
thi
tsai
m andf
ramewor
kandbasi
cconcept
ofE-Commer
ce.

E-commer ce (electr
oniccommer ce)istheactiv
ityof el
ectroni
call
y 
sell
i
ng
orbuyingof product sandser vi
ces ononlineoverthe Inter
net.El
ectr
onic
commer cedrawsont echnologiessuchas  mobil
ecommer ce,
 el
ectr
onic
fundstransfer, 
supplychainmanagement  
,onl
i
net ransacti
on
processing,
 El
ect roni
cDataI nterchange (
EDI),
 automat ed 
data
coll
ecti
on systemsandi nventorymanagement.
Moder nel ect
roniccommer cet ypicall
yusesthe WorldWideWeb  forat
l
eastonepar tofthet r
ansaction'slif
ecyclebesidesital
sousesot her
technologiessuchas  e-mail
.Ty picale-
commer cetransact
ionsincludethe
purchaseofonl ineproducts(suchas  Amazon)andmusi cpurchases
(musicdownl oad inthef or
m of digit
aldist
ri
buti
on suchas( i
TunesSt or
e),
andt oal essextent,customizedorper sonali
zedonline 
li
quor
store 
inventory 
servi
cesandmanymor e 
Ther
earet
hreeareasofe-commer
ce:
 onl
ineret
ail
i
ng, el
ect
roni
cmar ket
s,
and 
onl
i
neaucti
ons.E-commercei
ssupport
edby  
electr
oni
cbusiness.

E-
commer
cebusi
nessesmayal
soempl
oysomeoral
loft
hef
oll
owi
ngs:

 Onli
neshoppi
ng f
or 
ret
ail
salesdir
ect
ly t
oconsumersusing 
Web
si
tes 
and 
mobileapps,
and conv
ersat
ionalcommer
ce t
hrough 
li
ve
chat,
 
chatbot
s,and 
voi
ceassist
ants

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page1
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

 Pr
ovi
dingorpar
ti
cipat
ingin 
onl
i
nemar ket
places,whi
chprocess
 
busi
ness-
to-
consumer (
B2C)or 
consumer-
to-consumer
 (
C2C)sales

 Col
lect
ingandusi
ngAccur
atedat
athr
oughwebcont
act
sandsoci
al
media

 Market
ingt
oprospecti
veandestabl
i
shed 
cust
omer
s by
 e-
mai
l
 orf
ax
(
forexampl
e,wit
h newsl
ett
ers)

 Onl
i
nef
inanci
alexchangesf
orcur
rencyexchangesort
radi
ngpur
poses

 Busi
ness-
to-
busi
ness(
B2B)
 buy
ingandsel
l
ing;

 Busi
ness-
to-
busi
ness(
B2B)
 el
ect
roni
cal
l
ydat
aint
erchange

Ty
pesofE-
Commer
ceModel
s
Elect
roni
ccommer cecanbedivi
dedi ntofourmainty
pes.Thebasisforthi
s
simplecl
assi
ficat
ionisthepar
ti
est hatareinv
olvedi
nt het
ransact
ions.
So
thefourbasi
celectroni
ccommer cemodel sareasfol
lows,

1.
Busi
nesst
oBusi
ness

ThisisBusinesstoBusinesstransacti
ons.Herethecompani
esaredoing
businesswitheachother.Thef i
nal 
costumer
 isnoti
nvol
ved.
Sotheonline
tr
ansactionsonlyi
nvolv
et heretai
lers,manufact
uresandwholesal
ers et
c.

2.
Busi
nesst
oConsumer

Business 
toConsumer.Herethecompanywi l
lsel
ltheirgoodsand/or
serv
icesdi
rectl
ytotheconsumer.Theconsumercanbr owset hei
rwebsit
es
andlookatproduct
s,pi
ctur
es,readrev
iews.Thentheyplacetheiror
derand
thecompanyshipsthegoodsdirect
lyt
ot hem.Popularexamplesare

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page2
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Amaz
on,
jabongandf
li
pkar
tet
c.

3.
Consumert
oConsumer

Consumert oconsumer,
wher etheconsumersareindi
rectcont
actwith
eachother
.Nocompanyi si
nv ol
ved.I
thelpspeopl
esell
theirper
sonalgoods
andassetsdir
ectl
ytoanint
erestedpart
y .
Usual
ly,
goodstradedarecar
s,
bi
kes,el
ectr
onicsetc.
OLX,Quikretcfol
lowthi
smodel.

4.
Consumert
oBusi
ness

Thisistherev
erseofB2C,
iti
saconsumert
obusiness.Sotheconsumer
provi
desagoodorsomeser vi
cet
othe 
company
.Sayf orex
ampl eanIT
fr
eelancerwhodemosandsell
shi
ssoftwar
etoacompany .Thi
swouldbea
C2Bt r
ansacti
on

Exampl
esofE-
Commer
ce

 Amaz
on

 eBay

 Jabong

 Ol
x

 Qui
kr

 Fl
i
pkar
t

Adv
ant
agesofE-
Commer
ce.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page3
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

 Electr
oniccommer cereducesthetr
ansacti
oncost.I
teli
mi nat
esmany
fi
x edcostsofmaintai
ningbr
ickandmortarshops.Thi
sallowsthe
compani estoenj
oyamuchmax i
mum marginofprofi
t.

 Itpr
ovidesquickdeli
veryofgoodswithveryl
it
tleeff
ortonpartofthe
customer.Consumer  
complai
ntsarealsoaddressedquickl
y.I
talso
savestime,energyandeffor
tforboththeconsumersandt hecompany.

 Oneothergreatadvant
agei
stheconveni
enceitof
fer
s.Acustomercan
shop24×7.Thewebsi t
eisf
unct
ional
atall
times,i
tdoesnothave
worki
nghour sl
ikeashop.

 Electr
oniccommer cealsoal
lowsthecustomerandthe business 
tobe
i
ncont actdi
r ect
ly,
wi t
houtanyotherdi
str
ibut
ionchannels.Thisal
lows
forfasti
nteracti
ons

 E-commer ceprovi
destheseller
swi t
haglobalreach.Theyremovethe
barri
erofplace.Andthensell
ersandbuyerscanmeeti nthediver
se
wor l
d,wi
thoutthehindranceoflocat
iont
ransacti
ons.Ital
sogiv
esa
valuabl
epersonaltouch.

Di
sadv
ant
agesofE-
Commer
ce

 Thest art
-upcostsofthee-
commerceportal
areveryhi
gh.Thesetupof
thehar dwareandthesoft
ware,t
hetr
aini
ngcostofemployees,
the
constantmai nt
enanceandupkeepar
eallquit
eexpensi
ve.

 Althoughi
tmayseem li
keasurethi
ng,
thee-commer cecompanies
 
hasahi ghri
skoffai
l
ure.Manycompaniesri
dingt
hedot-com waveof
the2000shavefai
l
edmi ser
abl
y.Thehi
ghr i
skoffai
lurer
emainseven
today.

 Attimes,e-commer cecanfeelimpersonal.Soitlackst
hewar mthofan
i
nterpersonalrelat
ionshi
pwhi chisimportantformanybr andsand
products.Thislackofaper sonaltouchcanbeadi sadv
antageformany
ty
pesofser vicesandpr oductsli
keinter
iordesigningorthejewel
ry
business.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page4
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

 Securi
tyi
sanotherareaofconcer
n.Onlyrecent
ly,
wehav ewi t
nessed
manysecuri
tybreacheswheretheinfor
mationofthecustomerswas
stol
en.Cr
edi
tcardt hef
t,i
dent
it
ytheftet
c.remainbigconcernswitht
he
customer
s.

 Thenther
ear
ealsoful
fi
ll
mentproblems.Evenaf
tertheorderi
splaced
ther
ecanbeprobl
emswithshi
pping,del
iver
y,mi
x-upsetc.Thi
sleaves
thecust
omer
sunhappyanddissati
sfi
ed.

I
nterOr
gani
zat
ionalE-Commer
ce

I
nter
-or
gani
zat
ional
 
Transact
ione-
commer
cer
efer
stot
her
angeofe-
commer
cet
hatcanoccurbet
weent
woor
gani
zat
ions.I
tist
hee-
commer
ce
bet
weenbusi
nessesi
.e.t
hebusi
nessesf
ocusonsel
l
ingt
oot
her
busi
nessesi
nthe 
B2Be-
commer
ce.

I
tincl
udescompani
esdoi
ngbusi
nesswi
thone-
anot
herwi
thagoal
tosav
e
moneyonpur
chasest
hatcanbenegot
iat
edeasi
l
y.Compani
esar
enow
mut
ual
l
ybuy
ingandsel
l
ingpr
oduct
sandser
vicesont
hei
nter
net
.

I
nter
-or
gani
zat
ional
 
e-commer
cemanyr
educet
het
ransact
ioncost
s,
i
ncr
easet
heav
ail
abi
l
ityofpr
oduct
sandsuppl
i
ersandr
educe
dependenci
esonaf
ewt
radi
ngpar
tner
sandpr
oduct
s.

Mor
eov
er,
theyof
fermanysecondar
yser
vicest
owar
ds
i
ntegr
ati
ng 
pur
chasi
ng,
dist
ri
but
ion,
andi
nvent
orypr
ocesses,
str
eaml
i
ning
t
heent
ir
etr
ansact
ionpr
ocess.Thus,
ital
l
owsf
orbet
teri
nvent
ory

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page5
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

management
,qual
i
tycont
rol
,andsuppl
y 
chai
npr
ocesses.

Busi
nessor
gani
zat
ionsar
econst
ant
lybuy
ingandsel
l
inggoodsand
ser
vices.Shopsbuypr
oduct
sinbul
kfr
om t
hei
rsuppl
i
ersandsel
lthose
goodsi
nsmal
lquant
it
iest
othei
rcust
omer
s.

Manuf
act
uresbuyr
awmat
eri
alorcomponent
sfr
om t
hei
rsuppl
i
ers,
assembl
ethem i
ntonewpr
oduct
sandsel
lthem t
othei
rcust
omer
s.

Ret
ail
ersmakeagr
eatnumberoft
ransact
ionsandt
hewhol
eoper
ati
onof
t
hei
rbusi
nessi
sdependentont
hei
ref
fect
iveexecut
ion.

Ot
herbusi
nessser
vicesect
oror
gani
zat
ionssuchasaccount
ant
smaybe
l
essdependentonaconst
antf
lowofgoodsbutt
heyst
il
lneedsuppl
i
esand
t
heyar
ecar
eful
toaccountf
ort
het
ransact
ionswi
tht
hei
rtr
ansact
ions.

I
ntr
aOr
gani
zat
ional
E-Commer
ce

Whene-commercetransact
iondoesnoti
nvol
vemul
ti
pleor
gani
zat
ion,
then,
i
tist
ermedas 
Intr
a-organi
zati
onale-
commerce.

Or

I
tisemergi
ngfi
eldwhi
chfaci
l
itat
esinfor
mationcoll
ect
ionandt
ransf
er
wi
thi
norgani
zat
ionf
oraspeedredressofgr
ievancesofcommonman.

Adv
ant
ages:

1.Enhanci
ngcommunicat
ionabil
it
yamongempl
oyeesofdepar
tment
ensuri
ngeasydeci
sionmaking.

2.Tendst
oreducer
ecor
dmai
ntenancebyel
i
minat
ingt
het
radi
ti
onalway

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page6
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

ofr
ecor
dkeepi
ng.

3.In 
governmentdepar
tment
scoll
ect
ionofinf
ormat
ionisapri
meconcern
bystor
inginf
ormati
onindi
git
alf
ormatsitpr
ovi
deseff
ici
entwayofshar
ing
i
nformati
onandexperti
sei
dea.

4Incr
easescust
omersat
isfact
ionaswhol
einfor
mat
ioni
sav
ail
abl
eata
cl
i
ckofamousewi t
houtvisi
ti
ngoffi
cepr
emises.

I
ntra-Or
ganizat
ionalincommer ce:isvi
sualizedundersuchsit
esasOnl
ine
ShoppingforEl
ectronics,Apparel
,Comput ers,Books,DVDs&moreandE-
bay.Asimplesitefrom thebuyersprospectiveisastorefr
ontt
opur
chase
productsandservi
ces.

From abusi
nessstandpointy
oulooki
ngatv ar
iousindust
ryandbusi
ness
appl
icat
ionsf
orcestocoll
aborat
einsynchr
onizati
on.

1)ManagementFunct
ion

2)Mobi
l
eFunct
ions

3)I
Tfunct
ions

4)Busi
nessFunct
ion

5)Out
sour
ceVendor
sfunct
ions.

For
cesAf
fect
ingE–Commer
ce

Whenr unni
nganecommer cestoreyouhav etoworr
yabouttheuser
exper
ienceaboveallel
se.Whatef f
ectsuserexperi
encecanrangefrom
yourr
eturnpoli
cytoyourlevelofcustomerservi
ce–ev enyoursoci
al
mediareputat
ioncanaffectyoursal
es,repeatpur
chasesandmor e!

Giventheanaly
ticscomponentofourplat
form,wehav eaccesst oal
arge
l
ibraryofdat
afrom ecommercesitesofvari
oust ypesar
oundt hewor
ld.
Therefor
ewedeci dedtodigi
ntoourdatabasetoseewhatr eall
ymakes
customersti
ck.Bythat,wemeanwhatcant urnthem awayf r
om makinga
purchaseandwhatf act
orsaf
fectt
hefinalpurchasedeci
sion.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page7
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Let
’st
akeal
ookat9f
act
orst
hatcani
mpacty
ourecommer
cest
oresal
es

From thesepoint
swecomet oknowaboutvari
ouspoi
ntswhichshowsus
abouttheweakpoi ntofcompanythatwhytheyar
enotgrowingsorapi
dly
i
nt hi
sdy namicworldandhencetocovert
hem andtoi
mpr ov
et he
techni
ques

1.
Compet
it
ivePr
ici
ng

Itmeanswhendoi ngelectroniccommer ceacompanymustkeepi nmind

aboutthei rcompet i
ti
vepr i
cesoast omakei tconv inentforthecustomers
tobuyt heirproduct.Chi na’sinfl
uenceofcheappr oductshasmade
consumer sattr
activeonsear chingforthelowestcostwi ththebest
productqual i
ty.Thisextendsi nt
ospecificproductpr ici
ngaswel l
,a65”
SharpAQUOSSmar tTVmaybe$1, 200atonest ore,butthatsameTV
couldbe$200cheaperatanot her.Consumer swi l
ldedicate hoursupon
hours t
ogr abupt hebestdeal .While10%mar kuponapr oductsounds
goodint heor y
,itisimportantforecommer cestoreowner stobenchmark
thei
rpricingacr ossseveralcompet it
orst omakesur etheyar ecompeti
ti
ve
onpr i
cingandnotf all
i
ngbehi nd.

2.Pr
oductQual
i
ty

Justasi mpor t
antaspr i
cei sproductquali
ty.Insomecases, t
hismaybe
outofy ourcontrol,
butify oumakeormanuf acturey
ourownpr oducts,t
his
i
sani mpor tantfactort
ot akeintoaccount.Ifyou’
rewonderinghowmuch
ofarol eperceiv
edpr oductqualit
ymeanst oconsumer s,takethisinto
considerat
ion.Upt o57%ofpeopl earelesslikel
ytopurchasepr oductst
hat
carr
yt heMadei nChinastamp.Thi sisbecauseconsumer sperceive t
hat
Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page8
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

themanuf act
urerchoseaqui
ckandi
nexpensi
verout
ewhencr eati
ngtheir
productandfeelthati
t’
sli
kel
yofal
owerquali
tyt
hanothersi
milarproduct
s
maybe.

Themanuf acturi
ngstampi sonlyapar tofwhatmakesuppr oductquali
ty
(orpercei
vedqualit
y.)Off
-si
teoron-siterev
iewsaroundpr oduct’
suseor
funct
ionali
tyalsohaveafactor.I
fapr oducthasunexpectedquirksthat
causeittobeahassl etouseori nef
fi
cient,youcanexpectcustomer s
won’tbuyit.Beconsciousofwhatconsumer sarewri
ti
ngabouty our
product.

3.
 Shi
ppi
ngTi
me&Cost

Wheny outhi
nk of‘fastshipping’
what’sthefir
stecommer ceret
ail
eryou
thi
nkof??Amazonhasbecomet heretai
lerofchoiceformanyshoppers
becauseoftheirf
astshi ppingandextensiveproductoff
eri
ngs.The
companyhasr evoluti
onizedtheworldofe- commer cebybeingabl
eto
off
ersamedayshi ppinginmanymaj orciti
esand2dayorsameweek
shi
ppingon most products.

Therearemanyst or esthatkeepitsimplewithasingleshippingoptiont
o
all
owforflatrateprici
ngorsot hattheycanof f
erfreeshipping.The
i
ncessantneedf orthingstobedoney ester
dayhasbeeni ngr ai
nedintot
he
modernlif
estyleandi tshowswheny oulookatthev ol
umest or
esdowhen
theyof
ferfastdeli
v ery.Tosweetenthedeal ,
addwel l-
pri
cedshi ppi
ng
opti ont
ons  op offastdeliv
ery.

Whileitwouldbehardt o off
erAmazonshippingspeedandpr
ici
ng,
it’
s
encouragedt ooff
erfastershippi
ngopti
onsforthosewil
li
ngt
opayforthe
convenience.Evenbetter,of
feralower-
pri
ceorfreeshi
ppi
ngwhena
customerspendsmor ethanacer tai
namount.

4.Onl
i
neRev
iews

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page9
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Productr atingsar eani ntegralf

act ori
nt hedecisiontopur chase.A
whoppi ng 40%ofcust omer s 
sayt heywoul dn’
tpur chase 
technology
productswi thoutfirstreadi
ngonl i
ner evi
ews.Thatbei ngsaid, t
heamount
ofresear chacust omerput sinvariesbasedont hepr i
ce,l
ocat i
onand
manyot herf actors.Thismeanst hathav i
ngaweal thofreviewst oreadi
s
i
mpor tant .Ev en 
ifa producthasnegat i
verev i
ews, i
tcanincr easesalesi
n
compar isont oapr oductwi thnor evi
ews. .

5.EasyRet
urnPol
i
cy

Evenwit
hecommercebecomi ng 
mor eandmorepopul
ar,ther
ear est
ill
ver
y
fewsi
teswit
hawelllai
doutrefundpoli
cy.Manybur
ytheirref
undpolicyor
makeitconf
usi
ngtounderst
andwhi chcanmeanmanyl ostsalesand
manyunhappycust
omers.

Themor et ransparentyouar eaboutrefunds, t

heeasi eri
twill
bet odeal
withcustomer swhent heywantar efund.Ifyoudon’ tacceptrefundsbe
upfrontandcl ear. 
Howev er,evenav eryti
mel imitedrefundpolicyisbett
er
thannothing. Ify
out rul
ybackt hequalit
yandsat isfacti
onofy ourproduct,
peoplewi l
lbemor eli
kelytopurchasef rom you,especiall
ygivenasi mpl
e
andwel l
-craftedrefundpolicy(l
iketheabov e).

6.Loy
alt
yRewar
ds

Manycust omer sfocustheirsightsont helowestpr i

ce,whichmakes
generati
ngsal esmor eandmor echallenging.Buildi
ngl oy
altyi
sthebest
opti
onf orgenerati
ngsalesasi tcant akeupt o 7newcust omers to
generatethesameamountofr evenueasasi nglerepeatcustomer.
Rewar di
ngy ourcustomerf ormaki ngapur chaseis whatcansety ouapart
fr
om al l
oft heotherret
ail
ers.Muchl ikemanyoptt oflywithcert
ainai
rl
ines
becauset heywantt oaccumul atepoint s,t
hegoal i
stohav ecustomers
purchasingf r
om yousot hattheycanr edeem theirrewardsdownt heroad.

7.EasyNav
igat
ion

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page10
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Aneasyt onav i
gat eecommer cest oresoundsl ikeasi mpl ef eatunt i
lyou
l
ear ncompani esspendmi l
l
ionsofdol l
arspery eart ohi redat ascientist
st o
optimizetheirnav igat i
onandev ent hebestpl acementf oral earnmor e
button!Thisofcour sedoesn’ tmeant hateasynav igationisunat tainable.I
l
iket ouseBestBuyasanexampl eofj usthowsi mpl ey oucanmakeal arge
store.Theirnavigat ionmayseem cl utt
eredbutal otwenti nt othelogic
behindeachdepar tment .
 Consideringt hattheironl inest or
ehol ds
thousandsof  di
ffer entproduct(  t
henav i
gationi seasyt ouseandl ogi
cal to
amaj ori
tyoft heirtar getmar ket.Theirmai nnav igat ionisal sobrokenupt o
highli
ghtdeals,br andbasedbr owsi ngandt heirv astknowl edgebaseof
guidesandFAQs.Thi smayr equi resomeaddi t
ional helpfr
om adesi gneror
developertoachi ev ebutmostecommer cepl atformsal soof ferthemes
thathavebeenmodi fiedandi mprov edov ertimet ohel pstor eowner s.

8.Wor
dofMout
hRecommendat
ions

Socialmedi
aandr eviewsitesaregreatwaytobuil
dcredibi
l
ityi
fyou’re
sell
inga$15shirtorsomet hi
ngelselowcost.Forthel
argerpurchases
($200+)youneedsoci al
proof.Onwebappst hisusual
lycomesasa
test
imonialt
iedtoapi ct
ureandaname, butf
orecommer cenothingworks
bettert
hanadirect,
wor dofmout hrefer
ral
.

9.EaseofCheckout

Checkoutcompl exit
yisabi gfactorinast ore’
ssalesnumber s.Itift
hefinal
stepthatdeter
mi nesifav i
sit
orsturnsintoacust omer.Asingl epage
checkoutcanimpr oveyourconv ersionrateby ov
  er20% onav erage,as
determinedthr
oughA/ Btesti
ng.Ev enwithasi nglepagecheckoutl i
keyou
seeonOl dNav ytherearestil
lfactorswithinthecheckoutthatcanmakea
vi
sitorabandontheircart

Thr
oughtesti
ngandt ear
ingdownecommer cestor
eswe’
vediscov
eredone
oft
hebiggestfact
orswithi
nthecheckoutpr
ocessist
heshi
ppingcost

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page11
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

calculati
on.Byput t
ingt heshi
ppingcostfurt
hertot heendoft hecheckout
process, youcreateasecondar ypromptwher ethev i
si
t orwil
lre-ev
aluate
thetot al
costt hati
saboutt obeincurr
ed.Bypushi ngtheshi ppingcost
calculati
ontot hebegi nni
ngofthecheckoutprocess, youincreasethe
conv ersi
onr ateofthosewhodi veint
oy ourcheckoutfunnel becausey ou
areshowi ngt heful
l costupfr
ont.

Uni
t-2

Topiccover
ed:E-commerceinf
rast
ruct
ure,Har
dwareandsof
tware
requi
rementsofecommerce,websi
teandit
smethodsofpr
eparat
ionand
Toolstoanal
yzethewor
kperf
ormanceofwebsit
e

E-Commer
cei
nfr
ast
ruct
ure

E-Commer ceInfrastruct
ur ePl
anningand  Management
E-Commer ce i
sthemagi cwor di
nt heer aofweb.I nthiser
aofi nter
net
driv
eni nnovati
ons, ar i
singnumberofpr ofessionalsar einv
olvedi n
creati
vebusi nessmodel sandserviceswit hi
nt heirown.Ther earefurt
her
numer ouspr ofessionalsemployedwi t
hinthedomai nasexperts. Thi
s
arti
cleprovidesanov erviewofE-Commer ceI nfrastruct
urePlanningand
Management .

Sowhydoweneedt
ofocusone-
commer
cei
nfr
ast
ruct
ureandhowshoul
d

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page12
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

wepl
ani
t?

Todef
ineit
s Mi
ssi
on:
 Itwoul
dbetodesign,dev
elopandmaintenanceofe
-
commercebusi
nessv
entureandenabl
ethreecri
ti
calobj
ect
ives:

1.Fir
stobj ect ive (whatwear ebui l
ding)
:Anopen, di
st ri
butedandsaf e
i
nfrastruct urewhi chi smeasur ableandt hushaspr ovi
sionsf orfuture
needssoast odobet t
ert echniques.
2.Secondobj ect i
ve (howwecanuse) :Usinginternetbasedt echnologiesto
analyzet hev aluecr eationf ort heusers,andf aci
litat
et hedel i
very.There
mustbepr opert rainingoft heempl oyeest ousei t.
3.Thir
dobj ect i
v e (whowi l
l payr epeatedly)
: Def
inet he ri
ghtbusi ness model
todev elopi nt hef uture, i
nt hisgrowingf asterawi ththeI Tinfrastruct
ureit
i
smandat or yt oinform andgetknowl edgeaboutt hecust omer sandt hei
r
expectat i
ons.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page13
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

E-Commer ceInfr
ast
ructure 
identi
fi
esthef uncti
onal
it
iesoftheHardware
andSof twarecomponent s,specif
iesthecor r
espondi
ngser vi
celevel
requirements,anddescribesthemanagementandoper at
ionsofthewhol
e
system.Itmaycompr i
sebr i
eflyofthefol
lowingcomponent satav er
y
abstractlevel
.

 Sof t
warecomponent sused: 
Contentmanagementsy stems,Webanal yti
cs,
Textanalyt
ics,Applicati
onProgrammi ngInt
erface( API),Databaseser ver,
mi ddl
ewareset c.Objectori
ented(e.g.CORBA) ,Tr ansacti
onpr ocessing,
communi cation(https,messaging),database( e.g.ODBC) ,applicat
ion
mi ddl
eware( CGI)
 Har dwar
ecomponent sused:
 Servers,pr
oxyser vers,loadbalancing
systems.Firewalls,
encrypti
ondev icesandinteract i
vev oi
cer esponseuni t
s
etc.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page14
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Someofthemajorcomponent
s,whi
chatechno-
funct
ional
prof
essi
onal
in
thedomai
nisexpect
edtoknowareasf
oll
ows:

 Middl ewar e: Sy stemst hatr esidesbet weent hecl i

ent(user )andt heser ver
(dat abaseandappl icationr esour ces) .Thesecoul dbedat aaccess
component s, communi cat i
onpr otocol s, specializedser vers,orami xofall
.
 Direct oryser vices: Emai l DirectorySer vicesenabl esuser st olocateother
user sf orsendi ngemai ls.LANDi rectorySer vi
cesf acil
it
atesf unctionslike
connect ingt ot heweb, shar ingpr inters, LANchat s,LANbasedKMS
 LookupDat abase:  Thisi sthedat abaset hatst oresinformat ionabout
net wor kr esour cesanduserpr of i
les.Enabl esusageofnet wor kresour ces
basedonent itl
ement s.
 Met a-
Di rector ies: Facil
itatest hef lowofdat abet weenoneormor e
director yser v i
cesanddat abases.Enabl essy nchr onizati
onofdat aacr oss
dat abasesordat awar ehouses
 Groupwar e: Faci l
itatetheaut omat ionandst reaml ini
ngofbusi ness
processesnoti mpl ement edi nlegacy /ERPsy stems.Gr oup
communi cationsandi nf ormat i
onshar ingenabl ingcollabor ati
onbet ween
teamsandi ndi v i
dual s
Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page15
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

 I
nter
netDomainNameSer vice(DNS):DNSfacil
it
atestheuni
que
i
denti
fi
cati
onofanor
ganizationorenti
tyontheInter
net.DNSmapst
he
domainnameofanorganizationt
oitsIPaddress

Fur
ther
,asasystemsorabusi
nessanaly
st,
typi
calcr
it
eriaf
or 
eval
uat
ing
i
nfr
astr
uctur
efore-commer
cesetup 
coul
dcompriseofthefol
l
owing:

 Flexibil
it
y :
 Theabi lit
yt orespondqui cklyt ochangi ngr equir
ement s,and
scaleupbasedont heneedoft hecust omer .Resour cev i
rt
ualizationcanbe
ani mpor tantf actori nsuchascenar io.
 Cost s:
 TheCapEx&Wor kEx, l
ikeacqui siti
onandmai ntenancecost sfor
servers,licensesandot herhar dwar eandsof tware.Licensecostandi t
s
renewal pol i
cywoul dal sopl ayasi gni f
icantpar toft heevaluation.
 Scope&per for mance:  
Fact orsi ncludedegr eeoff ulfil
lmentofspeci fi
c
requirement ,
knowl edgeaboutser viceandper formancequal i
ty.Ser vi
ce
uptimecoul dbeanot hersub- criteria.
 ITsecur ity&compl iance: 
 Factor sl i
kegov ernment ,industryandf i
rm
speci f
icneedsi nt hear easofsecur ity,compl ianceandpr i
vacyar ecovered.
Howt hei nformat ionasset sar epr otectedcoul dbear egul
atoryi ssue.
 Reliabil
ity&t rustwor t
hiness: Fact orsl i
keser v i
ceav ail
abil
it
y ,
consi stencyof
deli
v eryandf ulfi
l
lmentoft heSer viceLev elAgr eement s.Whet hert he
consumercangett hesameuni formi tyofser viceev eryti
me, i
st he
evaluationpar amet er.
 Serv i
ce&cl oudmanagement : 
 Fact orsl ikeof f
eredsuppor tandf uncti
ons
forcont roll
ing, moni tori
ngandi ndi vidual izationoft hewebi nter f
ace.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page16
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Beyondthi
s,anotheri
mpor t
antdi
mensiontodel
iber
ateupon,istof
ocuson
thekeymetricsofan 
e-commerceinf
rast
ruct
urepol
icy.Thesecoul
dbe
notedandelaborat
edasf ol
l
ows:

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page17
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Furt
her ,professionalsneedt ounderstandt he Perf
ormance
Model s associatedwi t
hE- Commer ceInf r
astructur
e,whichmaybeuseful
duri
ngaudi t
s.Amodel i
sar epresent
ationofani nf
ormationsyst
em.I
t
coul
dbe  physical,l
ogicalor 
functi
onal.
 Themodel shouldbeassimpl
eas
possible.Itshouldbecapabl eofcapturingthemostr elevant
characterist
icsoft hesy st
em underev aluati
onoraudi t
.

Theperfor
manceofe-Commercesi tedependsonthepatter
nofservices
request
edbycust
omer s,
asdescribedbycustomermodel.Italsodepends
onthedemandsthateachser
viceplacesont hesi
te’
sresourcesandthe
i
ntensit
yatwhi
chcustomersarri
veatt hesi
te.

I
nviewofthi
s,i
twouldbeper
ti
nentt
ofocusont
hef
oll
owi
ngaspect
sof
 E-
CommerceInf
rast
ruct
ure:

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page18
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

 Networ kRoutesandEqui pmentf ocusi

ngont heEnd-to-Endrouteresponse
ti
mes, Ident
ifyrout
epat t
ernsanddef ectsandIdenti
fyandmi nimizelossof
datai
nt henetwork
 TCP/IPPer formancefocusingonEnd- to-
Endnet workresponsetimesand
theEffectsofoperati
onal per
formancecont r
ol
 MonitoringandReportingonWebandot here-Busi
nessAppl i
cati
ons,and
theResponseTi mesforWebt ransacti
ons

 Otherimport
antdi
mensi
onsi
ncl
udeadequat
esi
tecapaci
ty,
Scal
abi
l
ityand
Fault
-t
oler
ance.

BasicQuest
ionfort
heevaluat
ionwoul datt
empttoaddressthekey
questi
on:Whatport
ionsofmy“ ser
vice-
product
”arepopular
?Thiswould
needrenewedfocusontheCapacityIssueandtheMethodofAnalysi
s

Capaci
tyI
ssue:

 Whichfi
lesarebeingrequestedfrequentl
y ?
 Whichcontentconfi
gurati
onsarer equestedfr
equent
ly?
 Whichprocessesdeli
verthatcontent?
 Am Ipayingtoomuchf ormyI SPser v
icecontr
act?
 CanIgetbyonal ower-bandwidthcont r
act?

Met
hodofAnal
ysi
s:

 Sitelogfil
eanalysis
 Addupal lhtt
p:tr
ansacti
onsmadet
oyourwebsi
tedur
ingsomet
ime
period
 Visitoronsitetr
endanalysi
s
 Purchaset rendanalysi
s

Capacit
ypl
anni
ngwouldaddr
esstheserequir
ement
sthr
oughacy
cleof
workf
lowsofanal
ysi
sinamult
i-
stageapproach.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page19
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Duri
ngtheBusi
ness&Funct
ional
Planni
ng,
focuswoul
dbeont
hef
oll
owi
ng
component
s:

 Int
er acti
onModel :I
tf ocusesonhowauseri nteract swi t
ht hee-Business
sit
et oexecut ethef unct i
on.Exampl e:twoconsecut iveHTMLf ormsmay
beneededt oimpl ementt hefunctionofonli
neappl icati
ont oacour se.
 WebTechnol ogyUsed: Diff
erenttechnologi
esmaybeusedt oimplement
ane- Commer cefunct ion.E.g.HTMLf orms, Jav aAppl ets,Acti
veXcont r
ols.
Suitabil
it
yoft echnologychosent oful
filf
unctional needswoul dhav e
paramounti mpor tance.
 UseofUserCr edentialsforAut henti
cati
on:Thi sinformat i
onspeci f
iesifan
authent i
cat
ionpr otocol suchasSSLi susedt oi mpl ementt hee-Commer ce
funct i
on.Thiswoul dhav esignifi
cantimport
ancei nt ermsofsecur i
tyand
i
nfor mationassur ance.

TheCustomerBehavi
ourPlanni
ngwoul
dcompri
sepredominant
lyont
he
Busi
nessInt
ell
i
genceaspecttominet
hecust
omer’
sprefer
encesand

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page20
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

purchasebehaviorandmakesuitabl
erecommendati
ons.Techni
quesl
i
ke
classi
fi
cati
on,patter
nassoci
ati
onandsequent
ialr
uleminingmaybeused
tomeett herequir
ementsofthi
sstage.

TheITResource&Infr
astructurePlanningwoul df ocuspredomi nant
lyon
thespeci
fi
cati
onofthe 
wor kload 
model .Thiswoul dentai
laseriesof
acti
vi
ti
esfocusi
ngon workloadestimat i
on, workload
speci
fi
cati
on,
 per
formancemodel ing and calibr
ationforvali
dati
on.Further
,
basedontheperfor
mancemodel i
ngout put,cost-
benefitanaly
sisofthe
syst
em needstobecompl eted.Subsequent lytheI TInf
rastr
ucture
Evol
uti
onPlanscanbedr awnbasedont hecompl eti
onofthisanalysi
s.

Har
dwar
e&Sof
twar
erequi
rement
sofE-Commer
ce

Webser
ver
s

I
tref
erst
oeit
hert
hehardware(Thecomput er
,laptopsandmobil
e)whi
ch
hel
pstopr
ovi
decont
entthatcanbeaccessedbyt heuseofInt
ernet

Themostcommonuseofwebser ver
sistohostwebsi t
esbutt
herear
e
otheri
ssuessuchasdat
ast
orageorrunni
ngent
erpr
iseappl
i
cati
on

Webaut hor
ingtool
s
Thesearesoftwaretoolsorcl
oudser
versthatal
l
owyoutocreat
eandput
uptothewebsite.forexampledr
eam weav
erandMicr
osoftpubl
i
sher

Serversof
tware
Softwarei
srequir
edi
nor
derfort
heservert
orun,
thesoft
waremanages
theconnecti
onsandt
heser
vers.f
orexampleawebserv
erssof
twar
e
whichareusedis
FreeNas
Apache
Debian
Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page21
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Port
sandpr ot
ocols
Theprotocoli
sthet ypeofconnect
ionsyouarer
unningthr
oughthe
examplesofHTTP, SSH,DNSandFTP
Theportnamei stheconnectionwhichwearegoingthr
ough,t
heport
numberisusuall
yt helast3numbersofgateway

TCP/I
PAddress
EachcomputersmusthaveauniqueIPaddr
ess
TCP/I
PAddressusesfournumberstoaddr
essacomput
er.Thenumber
s
areal
way
sbet ween0and255

DataBaseSyst
em
I
tisthesyst
em usedbythecompani
estoli
nktothedat
athroughwebsi
tes.
Databasesyst
em stor
esname,passwordsandaddr
ess.I
talsost
ores
var
iousbusi
nessdetai
ls.

Progr
ammingrequi
red
Webpagesaregeneral
l
ywr i
tt
eninhtmlandtheycanbeusedinthese
l
anguagesandprov
idescodestoprovi
deotherl
anguagesl
ikej
avascr
ipt
and
PHPand ASP.

Downloadspeed
Int
ernetspeedi
smeasuredinkilobyt
esandmegabyt
essoastorunm or
e
speedinthist
heremustberequirement
sofhi
gherspeedt
orundataand
todoecommer cemorerapi
dlyandfast

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page22
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Browser
sandpl
atfor
m capabi
li
ti
es
Therear
emanybrowserspageli
kegoogl
echr omeMozi
l
la-f
ir
efoxand
yahoo
Soastorunt
hem proper
lyandtodothem ef
fecti
vel
y

Browsers
Thesearewebappl
i
cat
ionsusedt
oconnectt
hem easi
l
yandgetf
ast
erand
easi
erresul
ts

Comput ersystem
Iti
sthef i
rstandbasiccomponentoft hehardwarerequir
edtorunthee
commer cebecauset heyconnectanddisplaytheproduct
sandservices
whichareshown
Theycont ai
ninputandoutputdeviceswhicharebenefici
alandar
emustbe
requi
redtor unthecomputersandt hei
rvariousnetworktopol
ogi
essoas
toconnectmanycomput er
seasilyandtodowor k

Cablesandwires
Vari
ouscablesandopti
cfiber
sarerequi
redtorunthecomputersandtodo
bett
erandeffecti
vemanagementtheyareusedtoconnectcomputer
systemsandar eusedt
oconnectthem wit
hthenetworkprovi
dedtothem
i
.einter
net

Router
s,modem andprinter
s
Thesearethetool
susedfortheprov
idingint
ernetf
acil
i
tiest
ot he
computersyst
emsandar eusedfortheprovi
dingpri
ntoutofthewor
k
done

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page23
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Websi
teandi
tspr
ocess

St
ep1:
ChooseaDomai
nName

I
nor
dert
obui
l
dawebsi
te,
thev
eryf
ir
stt
hingy
ou’
l
lneedi
sadomai
nname.

Thedomainnameisy
ourwebsi
tenameandaddress.Thataddressisused
byvi
sit
orswhent
heytr
ytof
indyoursi
tet
hroughthei
rwebbr owsers.

Thi
swebsi
te’
sdomai
nnamei
s websi
teset
up.
org.Your
scanbeany
thi
ng.

Domainnamescancostany
wher
efr
om $10t
o$50ay
ear
.Theusual
pri
ce
tagi
saround$15.

Ifyouhav
en’tr
egist
eredorchosenadomai
nnamef
ory
ourwebsi
te,
her
e
aresometipstohel
py ouout:

 I
fyou’
remakinga websi
tef
orabusiness,
yourdomai
nnameshoul
d
matchyourcompanyname.Forexample:
 
YourCompany
Name.
com

 I
fyou’r
eplanni
ngtosetupa 
per
sonalwebsi
te 
fory
our
sel
f
t
hen Your
Name.com canbeagr
eatopti
on.

 Usea“ gener
ic”domainnameext ensi
onsuchas .
com, 
.net 
or 
.or
g i
f
yourgoal isi
nternat
ionalv
isi
tor
s.Usea“ l
ocal
”domainname
extensionsuchas  .
de,
 .
fr
,or 
.r
u i
fyourgoali
scountr
y-t
argeted
vi
sitors.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page24
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

 .
com i
susedforcommerci
alworkand.eduf
oreducat
ional
pupose,
.or
gfornongover
nmentor
ganizat
ionsand.
inf
orIndi
a

St
ep2:
GetWebHost
ingandRegi
sterDomai
n

I
nadditi
ont
ohav
ingadomai
nname,
you’
l
lal
soneedwebsi
tehost
ing(
web
host
ing)
.

Webhostingi
saservicethathostsandstor
esy ourwebsit
efi
les(
cont
ent)
onasecureser
verthatisalwaysupandrunning.Withoutawebhost
,your
si
tewi
llnotbeaccessibl
eforotherst
oreadandbr owse.

Aff
ordabl
eandrel
iabl
ewebhostingfornewwebsi
tescost
susual
l
y
bet
ween$3t o$10amonth.Lessthanacupofcoffee,
butani
mport
ant
i
nvestmentf
oryourwebsi
tesuccess.

Whichev
erwebhostingcompanyy
ousi
gnupwi
th,
makesur
eithast
he
f
oll
owingfeat
ures:

 FREEdomai
nnamewi
thSSL(
forsecur
it
y)

 One-
cli
ck-
inst
all
forWor
dPr
ess(
free)

 Cust
om emai
laccount
s

 Unl
i
mit
edorunmet
eredbandwi
dth(
not
raf
fi
cli
mit
ati
ons)

 Cust
omersuppor
t,pr
efer
abl
y24/
7li
vechat

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page25
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

St
ep3:
SetUpWor
dPr
essWebsi
te(
Thr
oughWebHost
)

Oncey
ouhaveyourdomai
nnameandwebhostingr
eadytogo,y
ou’
l
lneed
t
ochooseandi
nstal
lawebsi
tebui
l
dingpl
atf
orm(al
soknownas 
CMS).

Wer ecommendchoosi ngWordPr

esssinceit
’seasyt
ouseandcomeswi
th
thousandsoffr
eedesignsandadd-onsthatmakeyourwebsi
tel
ook
professi
onal
andunique.

Set
ti
ngupy ourWordPresswebsit
eiseasy,andyourwebhostmost
lydoes
i
tforyou,
soy oudon’
treal
lyhavetogetyourhandstoodi
rt
y.

Ifyoudon’ tuseBluehostasawebhost i
ng,don’
tworr
y.Manywebhosti
ng
prov i
dershave“Wor dPressi
nstal
l”l
ocat
edsomewhereinthehost
ing
cPanel .I
fyouaredealingwit
hawebhostt hatdoesn’
tpr
ovi onecl
de“ i
ck
i
nst al
ls“,
trysett
ingupWor dPress 
manuall
y.

St
ep4:
Cust
omi
zeYourWebsi
teDesi
gnandSt
ruct
ure

Wi t
hy ourbar
ewebsi
teal
i
veandkicki
ng,i
t’
snowtimetomakeitf
eelmore
l
ikey ourownbypi
cki
nganicedesi
gn,cust
omizi
ngit
,andaddi
ngbrandi
ng
element s.

St
art
ingwi
th:

1)Chooseat
hemef
ory
ourwebsi
te

WordPressthemesar
eout-
the-
boxdesignpackagest
hatchanget heway
yourent
irewebsi
tel
ooksl
i
ke.WordPressthemesareint
erchangeable–
youcanswitchfr
om t
hemetothemeeasily
.

Mosti
mport
antl
y,t
her
ear
ethousandsoff
reeandpai
dWor
dPr
esst
hemes
av
ail
abl
eontheweb.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page26
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

I
fy ouwanttogetaf
reetheme–whi chiswheremostpeopl
eli
ketostar
t–
thebestpl
acetogoistheoff
ici
alt
hemedirector
yatWordPr
ess.
org.
Parti
cul
arl
y,t
hesect
ionfort
hemost  
popul
arthemes.

2)I
nst
all
thet
hemey
oul
i
ke

GotoyourWor dPressadmininter
face.Youcanf
indi
t
at 
YOURSITE.com/wp-admin.Usetheusernameandpasswor
dyougot
duri
ngWor dPressinst
all
ati
on.

1.Fr
om t
hesi
debar
,got
o“Themes→ AddNew.
”

2.I
nthesearchbox,
typei
n“Nev
e”andcl
i
ckont
he“
Inst
all
”but
tonnext
t
othetheme’sname:

3.Aft
ertheinstal
lat
ionisdone,cl
i
ckonthe“
Act
ivat
e”but
tont
hatwi
l
l
appeari
npl aceofthe“I
nstal
l
”butt
on.

4.You’l
lseeasuccessmessage,
whi
chl
etsy
ouknowt
hatt
he
i
nstall
ati
onwentasexpect

3)Addal
ogo

Thef
ir
stthi
ngthatmostuserswantt
odoisuploadthei
rlogoandhav
eit
di
spl
ayedinthet
oplef
tcorneroft
hesit
e.Let
’sdothatnow.

 YoucanDIYal
ogo.Her
ear
e someoft
het
ool
s y
oucanuset
ocr
eat
ea
l
ogoyour
sel
f.

Oncey
ouhav
eal
ogor
eady
,youcanaddi
ttoy
oursi
te.Got
o“Appear
ance

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page27
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

→ Nev
eOpt
ions”andcl
i
ckont
hel
i
nkl
abel
ed“
Upl
oadLogo.
”

Additi
onall
y,youcanchoosei fyouwantt
odisplaythesi
tenameand
tagl
inealongsidethelogo,andsett
hemax-widthofthel
ogo.Exper
iment
withthesesettingsandpickwhatworksbestforyou.
.

St
ep5:
AddCont
ent
/Pagest
oYourWebsi
te

Pagesaretheessenceofyourwebsi
te.I
t’
shar
dtoi
magi
neawebsi
te
wit
houtanypagesoni t
,ri
ght
?

From at
echni
calpointofvi
ew, awebpageisjustadocumentontheweb.
I
t’
snotverydi
ff
erentfrom yourtr
adi
ti
onalWorddocumentapartf
rom i
t
havi
ngyourwebsit
e’sbrandingel
ementssuchastheheaderandfoot
er.

Webpagesareeasyt
ocreateinWordPr
ess.Butbef
orewegetintot
hehow
-
to,
let
’sdi
scusswhatpagesyoushoul
dcreat
einthefi
rstpl
ace.

Mostwebsi
teswi
l
lfi
ndt
hef
oll
owi
ngpagesessent
ial
:

 Homepage –it
’st
hef
ir
stpaget
haty
ourv
isi
tor
sseewhent
heygot
o
yourwebsi
te

 About
 page 
–apageexpl
aini
ngwhaty
ourwebsi
tei
sabout

 Cont
act
 page 
–apagel
ett
ingv
isi
tor
scont
acty
ou

 Blog 
page 
–ali
sti
ngofyourmostr
ecentbl
ogpost
s;i
fy ou’
renot
pl
anningonbl
oggi
ng,y
oucanusetheblogpageasaplaceforyour
companynewsandannouncement
s

 Ser
vices 
page 
–ift
hewebsi
tey
ou’
rebui
l
dingi
sforabusi
ness,
use

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page28
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

t
hispaget
oshowcasey
ourser
vices

 Shop 
page 
–forcompani
est
hatwantt
olaunchaneCommer
cest
ore
Manyofthepagesabovewillbever
ysimil
arinstruct
ure–t heonly
di
ffer
encebei
ngthecontentontheactualpage.Basi
cal
ly,
oncey oulearn
howtocreat
eonepage,you’l
lknowhowt ocr eat
ethem al
l.Witht
hat,ther
e
i
ssomenuancehere,solet’
snowcov erhowt ocreat
eacoupl eofbasic
ty
pesofpages:

St
ep6:
SetUpaNav
igat
ionMenu

Wit
har angeofgood-l
ooki
ngpagescreat
ed,t
henextst
epinourquestto
howtocreateawebsit
eistosetupyournav
igati
on(awebsi
temenu).The
menuiswhatyourvisi
tor
swil
lusetogofrom paget
opageonyoursite.

Got
o“Appear
ance→ Menus,
”andf
rom t
her
e,cl
i
ckon“
creat
eanewmenu.
”

Fact
orsopt
imi
zi
ngf
orwebsi
teper
for
mance

Onceyouhavetest
edthespeedofy ourwebsi
te,
youcanstar
topti
mizi
ngi
t.
Ther
earealotofdi
ffer
entwaystomakey ourwebsi
teworkfast
erandwe
cr
eatedt
heli
stofthemosteffect
iveones.

1.
 UseaCont
entDel
i
ver
yNet
wor
k(CDN)
Acontentdeli
verynetworkisasetofwebserversdi
stri
butedacross
vari
ousgeographicall
ocati
onsthatpr
ovidewebcontenttoenduser swith
regar
dt othei
rlocat
ion.Whenyouhostthewebsiteonasi ngl
eserver,al
l
usersrequest
sar esentt
othesamehar dware.Fort
hisreason,t
het i
me

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page29
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

neededt oprocesseachrequestincreases.Ont opoft hat,t

heloadt i
me
i
ncreaseswhenuser sarephy si
call
yf arfr
om t heser ver.WithCDN, user
requestsareredir
ect
edtothenear estserver.Asar esult,t
hecont enti
s
deli
veredtoauserquickerandawebsi tewor ksf ast
er .Thi
sisar ather
expensive,
butquiteeff
ecti
vewayt oopt imizet heloadt ime.

2.Mov
eyourwebsi
tet
oabet
terhost
Ther
ear
ethr
eepossi
blet
ypesofhost
ing:

 Shar
edhost
ing

 Vi
rt
ual
Pri
vat
eSer
ver
s(VPS)host
ing

 Dedi
cat
edser
ver

Themostpopul artypeofhost i
ngt hatisusedal loverthewor l
dis 
shari
ng
hosti
ng.That ’sthecheapestwayt ogety oursit
eonl i
neinashor tt
imeand
foralowf ee.It’
sessent i
altochooset he fastwebhost  t
oensurebetter
opti
mization.Wi thsharedhosting,youshar eCPU, diskspace,andRAM
withothersitesthatalsouset hisserver.Thisisthemai nreasonwhy
sharedhost i
ngisn’tasf astasVPSoradedi cat
edser ver.

Vir
tualPri
vateServer
s anddedi catedserversaremuchf aster.VPSuses
multi
pleserver
sforcont entdistr
ibut
ion.Hav i
ngVPSy ousharetheserv
er
wit
hitsotherusersandhav eyourownpar tofthevir
tualserv
erwhereyour
confi
gurat
ionsdon’ti
nfluenceot hercli
ents.Ifyourwebsitehastheaverage
tr
affi
coryouhav etheeCommer cesi t
ewi thtr
affi
cspikesinsomeper i
ods,
VPSwi l
lbetheoptimal soluti
onfory ou.

3.Opt
imi
zet
hesi
zeofi
magesony
ourwebsi
te
Everyonelovesey e-cat
chingimages.Inthecaseofsuccessf ul
e
Commer cesites,
imagesar ethevit
al part
.Alotofphot os,
images,
graphicsony ourproductpagesimpr oveengagement .Thenegati
vesi
deof
theimageusei sthattheyareusual
lylargefi
l
est hatslowdownawebsi t
e.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page30
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Thebestwayt or educet
heimagesi zewi t
houtcompromisingi
tsquali
tyi
s
tocompr essimagesusingsucht oolsas I
mageOpt i
m, 
JPEGmi ni
,
or Kr
aken.Theproceduremayt akeabi tofti
mebutit’
swor thi
t.Anot
her
wayt oreducetheimagesizeistouset heHTML  r
esponsi
v e
i
mages  <secr
et>and<size>att
ributesthatadj
ustimagesizebasedonuser
displ
ayproperti
es.

4.Reducet
henumberofpl
ugi
ns
Pluginsar ecommoncomponent sofeachwebsi te.Theyaddspeci fi
c
featuressuggest edbyt hirdparties.Unfortunately, themor epl uginsar e
i
nstalled, themor eresour cesareneededt orunt hem.Asar esult,t
he
websi tewor kssl owerandal sosecur i
tyissuescanappear .Ast i
mepasses,
thenumberofpl uginsgr ows, whi l
esomeoft hem maynotbeused
anymor e.Wer ecommendchecki ngoutal ltheplugi nsyouhav einstalled
anddel etingunnecessar yones.Fi r
st,r
unt heper for mancet estsony our
paget of indoutwhi chpl uginsar eslowingdowny ourwebsi te.Notonl y
doest hewebsi tespeeddependont henumberofi nstall
edpl uginsbutal so
ont heirqual i
ty.Trytoav oidpluginst hatloadal otofscr iptsandst ylesor
gener ateal otofdat abasequer ies.Thebestsol utioni stokeeponl yt he
necessar yonesandensur ethatt heyarekeptupt odat e.

5.Mi
nimi
zet
henumberofJav
aScr
iptandCSSf
il
es
Ifyourwebsi t
econtainsal otofJav aScriptandCSSf il
es,itleadst oal ar
ge
numberofHTTPr equestswheny ourwebsi tev isitor
swantt oaccess
parti
cularfi
les.Theserequestsar etreatedi ndividuall
ybyv isitor’sbrowser
andsl owdownt hewebsitewor k.Ifyour educet henumberofJav aScri
pt
andCSSf il
esthiswil
lundoubt edlyspeedupy ourwebsi te.Tr yt ogroupall
JavaScr i
ptintooneandal sodosowi thal lCSSf i
les.Thiswi llreducethe
overallnumberofHTTPr equests.Ther ear eal otoft oolstomi nifyHTML,
CSS, andJav aScri
ptfi
lesquickly.

6.Usewebsi
tecachi
ng
I
ncasetherear
ealotofuser
saccessi
ngthepageatoneti
meserver
s
wor
kslowlyandneedmoreti
metodeli
verthewebpagetoeachuser
.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page31
I
NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Cachingistheprocessofstori
ngt hecurrentversi
onofy ourwebsit
eonthe
host
ingandpr esenti
ngthisversi
onunt i
lyourwebsi t
ei supdat
ed.This
meanst hatthewebpagedoesn’ trenderov erandov eragai
nforeachuser
.
Cachedwebpagedoesn’ tneedtosenddat abaser equestseachti
me.

7.I
mpl
ementGzi
pCompr
essi
on
GzipCompr essionisaneffect
ivewaytoreducethesizeoffil
es.I
t
minimizestheHTTPr equestsandreducestheserverresponseti
me.Gzi
p
compr essesthefil
esbeforesendi
ngthem tothebrowser.Ontheusersi
de,
abrowserunzi psthefil
esandpresent
sthecontents.Thismethodcan
workwi thal
lfil
esony ourwebsit
e.YoucanenableGzipony ourwebsi
teby
addingsomel inesofthecodeorv i
aautil
it
ycall
ed gzi
p.

Uni
t-3
Topi
cCovered:Elect
roni
cpaymentsyst
em ,
Digi
tal
signat
ureworki
ngof
di
git
alsi
gnatur
epubli
ckey,pr
ivat
ekeyencr
ypti
onanddecrypt
ion
El
ect
roni
cPay
mentSy
stem

Wheny oupurchasegoodsandser v
icesonl
ine,youpayforthem
usi
nganel ectr
onicmedium.Thi smodeofpayment ,wi
thoutusi
ngcashor
cheque,i
scalledane-commer cepaymentsystem andisalsoknownas
onli
neorelectroni
cpaymentsy stems.

Thegrowingandmor euseofi nt
ernet-
basedbanki
ngandshoppinghas
seenthegrowthofvari
ouse-commer cepaymentsyst
emsandt echnol
ogy
hasbeendevelopedtoincr
ease,i
mpr oveandprovi
desecur
ee-payment
tr
ansacti
ons.

Paperl
esse-commer cepaymentshavechangedt hepaymentprocessi
ng
byreduci
ngpaperwor k,t
ransact
ioncosts,andper
sonnelcost
.The
syst
emsar euser-f
ri
endl
yandconsumel essti
methanmanual pr
ocessi
ng
andhelpbusinessesext
endt hei
rmarketreach.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page32
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Thedi
ff
erentt
ypesofe-
commer
cepay
ment
sinuset
odayar
e:

Cr
edi
tCar
d 
Themostpopul arf
orm ofpaymentfore-commer cetransactionsi sthrough
credi
tcards.I
tissi
mpletouse;thecustomerhast ojustent ertheircredit
cardnumberanddat eofexpi
ryintheappropri
ateareaont hesel ler’
sweb
page.Toi mprov
ethesecuri
tysyst
em, i
ncreasedsecur i
tymeasur es, such
astheuseofacar dveri
fi
cati
onnumber( CVN) ,
havebeeni nt r
oducedt oon-
l
inecreditcar
dpayments.TheCVNsy stem helpsdetectfraudby
comparingtheCVNnumberwi t
hthecardholder'
sinf
or mation.

Debi
tCar
d 
Debitcardsar ethesecondl argeste-commer cepay mentmedi um i
nIndi
a.
Customer swhowantt ospendonl i
newi t
hintheirfi
nanciall
i
mi t
sprefert
o
paywitht heirDebi
tcards.Wi ththedebitcard,thecust omercanonlypay
forpurchasedgoodswi t
ht hemoneyt hatisalreadytherei
nhis/herbank
accountasopposedt othecr editcardwher etheamount sthatthebuyer
spendsar ebi l
l
edtohim/ herandpay mentsaremadeatt heendoft he
bil
li
ngper iod.

Smar
tCar
d 
Iti
saplasti
ccardembeddedwi thami cr
oprocessort
hathasthe
customer
’spersonalinf
ormationstoredi
ni tandcanbeloadedwit
hfunds
tomakeonlinetransact
ionsandinstantpaymentofbil
ls.Themoneythati
s
l
oadedinthesmar tcardreducesaspert heusagebythecustomerandhas
toberel
oadedf r
om his/herbankaccount.

E-
Wal
l
et 

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page33
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

E-
Wal l
etisapr epaidaccountthatall
owsthecust omertostor
emultipl
e
cr
editcards,debitcardandbankaccountnumber sinasecureenv
ironment.
Thiseli
minatestheneedt okeyi naccounti
nformat i
onever
ytimewhi l
e
makingpay ment s.Oncethecustomerhasr egi
steredandcreat
edE-Wal l
et
profi
l
e,he/shecanmakepay mentsfaster
.

Netbanki
ng 
Thi si
sanotherpopularwayofmaki nge-commer cepayments.Itisa
simplewayofpay i
ngforonli
nepur chasesdi r
ectl
yfrom t
hecustomer ’
s
bank.Itusesasimi l
armethodt othedebi tcardofpayi
ngmoneyt hatis
alreadyther
einthecustomer ’
sbank.Netbanki ngdoesnotr
equi r
et heuser
tohav eacardforpay mentpurposesbutt heuserneedst or
egisterwith
his/herbankforthenetbankingfaci l
i
ty.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page34
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

DI
GITALSI
GNATURE

Adi gi
talsi
gnatureisamathemat i
calt
echniqueusedt oval
idatethe
authenti
cit
yandi nt
egri
tyofamessage, soft
wareordi gi
taldocument.As
thedigit
alequival
entofahandwr i
tt
ensignatur
eorst ampedseal ,
adi gi
tal
signatur
eoffersfarmoreinher
entsecurit
y,anditi
sintendedt osolv
et he
problem oftamperingandimpersonat
ionindigi
talcommuni cati
ons.

Digi
talsi
gnat
urescanprov
idetheaddedassur
ancesofev i
denceofor
igi
n,
i
dentit
yandstatusofanel
ectr
onicdocument,
transact
ionormessageand
canacknowledgeinf
ormedconsentbythesi
gner.

Inmanycount r
ies,i
ncludi
ngtheUni
tedSt
ates,
digi
talsi
gnaturesar
e
consideredl
egall
ybindingi
nthesamewayast r
adi
tionaldocument
signatur
es.

Howdi
git
alsi
gnat
ureswor
k

Digit
alsi
gnat
uresarebasedonpubli
ckeycryptogr
aphy ,
alsoknown
as asymmetr
iccry
ptography.Usi
nga 
publi
ckey al
gori
thm, suchas RSA,
onecangeneratetwokey st
hataremathemati
call
yli
nked: onepri
vateand
onepubli
c.(f
ormor eon

Digit
al signatureswor kbecausepubl ickeycr y
ptographydependsont wo
mut uallyauthenticati
ngcryptographickey s.Theindivi
dualwhoiscreati
ng
thedigitalsignatureusestheirown  pri
vatekey  
toencryptsi
gnatur
e-rel
ated
data;theonl ywayt odecry
ptt hatdataiswi ththesigner'
spubl
ickey.This
i
showdi git
al si
gnaturesareaut henti
cated.

Digi
talsignatur
etechnol
ogyrequi
resall
thepart
iest
otrustthatt
he
i
ndividualcreat
ingthesi
gnatur
ehasbeenabletokeeptheirownpri
vat
e
keysecret.Ifsomeoneelsehasaccesstothesi
gner
'spri
vatekey,t
hat

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page35
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

part
ycoul
dcr
eat
efr
audul
entdi
git
alsi
gnat
uresi
nthenameoft
hepr
ivat
e
keyhol
der
.

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page36
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

UNI
T4

Topiccovered:Electr
onicdatainter
change(
EDI
), i
tst
ypesandworki
ng
st
yles,onli
neauct i
ons,onl
ineretail
i
ng,ecommerceport
alsandsoci
al
medianetwor ks

Whati
sEDI
?
Electr
onicDataInt
erchange(
EDI)isthecomputer-
to-
comput
erexchange
ofbusinessdocumentsinastandardelect
roni
cfor
matbetweenbusi
ness
part
ners.
Bymov ingf r
om apaper -basedexchangeofbusinessdocumenttoonethat
i
selectr
oni c,busi
nessesenj oymajorbenefi
tssuchasreducedcost,
i
ncreasedpr ocessingspeed, r
educederror
sandi mprov
edrelat
ionshi
ps
wit
hbusi nesspar t
ners.
Eachtermi nt hedefi
nit
ionissigni
fi
cant:

 Comput er
-to-comput er–EDIr epl
acespost almail,
faxandemai l
.Whi l
e
emailisal
soanel ectronicappr oach, t
hedocument sexchangedv ia
emailmustst ill
behandl edbypeopl eratherthancomput er
s.Having
peopleinvolvedsl owsdownt hepr ocessingoft hedocument sandalso
i
ntroduceser rors.Instead, EDIdocument scanf lowstraightthr
ought o
theappropriateappl i
cat ionont her eceiv
er ’
scomput er(e.g.,
theOrder
ManagementSy stem)andpr ocessingcanbegi nimmedi atel
y.Atypical
manual pr
ocessl ooksl ikethis,withlotsofpaperandpeopl e
i
nv ol
vement :

 I
tdoesnotinvolv
emani nter
fer
ence
 I
tismuchf ast
erandeasi ert
ouse
 I
tisdoneinstandardformat
 I
thasitsvari
ouscomponent sli
keVPN
 I
tcontai
nsitsmaintenancefeesand
 Fort
hisusebothoft hecompaniesmustawar
eaboutt
hepr
oductused
i
nEDIandt hei
rstandardsandformat

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page37
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

TheEDIpr
ocessl
ooksl
i
ket
his—nopaper
,nopeopl
einv
olv
ed:

 Businessdocument s –Thesear eanyoft hedocument st hatare

typi
callyexchangedbet weenbusi nesses.Themostcommon
document sexchangedv iaEDIar epur chaseor ders,invoicesand
advanceshi pnotices.Butt herearemany ,manyot herssuchasbi l
lof
l
ading, customsdocument s,inventorydocument s,shippingst atus
document sandpay mentdocument s.
 Standar dformat–BecauseEDIdocument smustbepr ocessedby
comput ersrat
herthanhumans, ast andardf ormatmustbeusedsot hat
thecomput erwil
lbeabl etor eadandunder standt hedocument s.A
standardf ormatdescribeswhateachpi eceofi nformationi sandin
whatf or mat(e.
g.,i
nteger,decimal).Wi t
houtast andardf ormat ,
each

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page38
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

companywoul dsenddocument susi ngi t

scompany -speci f
icformat
and,muchasanEngl ish-speaki ngper sonpr obablydoesn’ tunderstand
Japanese, t
her ecei v
er ’
scomput ersy stem doesn’ tunder standthe
company -specifi
cf ormatoft hesender ’sformat.
o Ther ear esev eralEDIst andar dsi nuset oday,includingANSI ,
EDI FACT, TRADACOMSandebXML.And, foreachst andardthere
aremanydi fferentv ersi
ons, e.g., ANSI5010orEDI FACTv ersi
on
D12, ReleaseA.Whent wobusi nessesdeci det oexchangeEDI
document s,theymustagr eeont hespeci f
icEDIst andar dand
version.
o B usinessest y pi
callyuseanEDIt ransl at
or–ei therasi n-house
sof t
war eorv i
aanEDIser vicepr ov ider–t otranslatet heEDIf or
mat
sot hedat acanbeusedbyt hei rint ernalappl
icationsandt hus
enabl est r
aightt hroughpr ocessi ngofdocument s.
 Businesspar tners –TheexchangeofEDIdocument sist ypicall
y
betweent wodi fferentcompani es, refer r
edt oasbusi nesspar t
nersor
tr
adingpar t
ner s.Forexampl e, CompanyAmaybuygoodsf r
om
CompanyB.CompanyAsendsor der st oCompanyB.CompanyAand
CompanyBar ebusi nesspar tner s.

EDIconti
nuestoproveitsmaj orbusinessval
uebyloweri
ngcost
s,
i
mpr ovi
ngspeed,accuracyandbusi nesseffi
ci
ency.Thegr
eat
estEDI
benefi
tsoft
encomeatt st
he  rat
egic busi
nesslev
el.
Butlet
’sst
artwit
h costsavings 
any way:

 Amaj orelect
ronicsmanuf acturercalcul
atesthecostofpr ocessingan
ordermanual lyat$38compar edt ojust$1.35f oranor derprocessed
usingEDI
 Errorsduet oil
legiblefaxes,l
ostor dersorincorrectl
ytakenphone
ordersar eeli
minat ed,
sav i
ngy ourstaffval
uabl eti
mef rom handling
datadi sputes
 Expensesassoci at edwithpaper ,pri
nti
ng,reproducti
on, st
orage,fil
i
ng,
postageanddocumentr et
ri
eval areallr
educedorel iminatedwheny ou
switcht oEDItransactions,l
ower ingyourtransactioncostsbyatl east
35%

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page39
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Themaj
orbenef
it
sofEDIar
eof
tenst
at speedandaccur
edas  acy
:

 EDIcanspeedupy ourbusinesscy cl
esby61%.Exchanget ransacti
ons
inmi nut esinsteadoftheday sorweeksofwai tti
mef rom t
hepost al
service
 Impr ovesdat aqual i
ty,
deliveri
ngatl easta30—40%r educti
onin
transact ionswitherror
s—el iminat
inger r
orsfrom il
legi
blehandwr i
ti
ng,
lostfaxes/ mailandkeyingandr e-keyingerr
ors
 Us i
ngEDIcanr educetheor der-t
o-cashcy cl
et i
mebymor ethan20%,
impr ovingbusi nesspartnertransactionsandr el
ati
onships
However ,
thei ncreaseinbusiness effi
ciency 
isalsoamaj orfactor:

 Shor teningt heor derprocessinganddel iveryti

mesmeanst hat
organi zationscanr educetheirinventor
ylev el
s
 Qui ckpr ocessingofaccur atebusinessdocument sleadst olessr
e-
wor kingofor ders,fewerst ockoutsandf ewercancel ledorders
 Aut omat ingt heexchangeofdat abetweenappl icat
ionsacr ossasuppl
y
chai ncanensur et hatbusiness-cri
tical
dat aissentont i
meandcanbe
trackedi nr ealtime.Sellersbenef i
tfrom i
mpr ovedcashf lowand
reducedor der-
to-cashcy cl
es
 Aut omat ingpaper -
basedt asksal l
owsy ourstafftoconcent rat
eon
higher -v
aluet asksandpr ov i
desthem wi t
ht hetoolstobemor e
product ive

I
nmanycases,
thegr
eat
estEDIbenef
it
scomeatt st
he  r
ategi
c busi
ness
l
evel
:

 Promot escorporatesocialr
esponsi bil
it
yandsust ainabi
li
tybyr epl
aci
ng
paper -
basedprocesseswi t
hel ectronical
ternati
ves.Thiswillbothsave
youmoneyandr educeyourCO2emi ssi
ons
 Shortenst hel
eadt i
mesf orproductenhancement sandnewpr oduct
deliv
ery
 Streaml i
nesyourabili
tyt
oent ernewt er
ri
tori
esandmar kets.EDI
providesacommonbusi nessl anguaget hatfaci
li
tatesbusinesspartner
onboar di
ngany whereinthewor ld
 Enablesr eal
-t
imev i
sibi
li
tyi
ntot ransacti
onst at
us.Thi si
nturnenables
Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page40
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

fast
erdeci
sion-
makingandi
mprovedresponsi
venesstochangi
ng
customerandmarketdemands,
andall
owsbusinessestoadopta
demand-dri
venbusi
nessmodelrat
herthanasupply-
dri
venone

ONLI
NERETALI
NG

Electronicr et
aili
ngisthesalesofgoodsandser vi
cesthr
ought he
Inter
net .E-r
etaili
ngcanincl
ude from onebusinesstoanot
her
business  (
B2B)andbusi ness-
to-consumer(B2C)salesofproductsand
servi
ces.E- ret
ai l
i
ngrequir
escompani est
odemonst rat
etheirbusi
ness
model st ocapt ureI
nter
netsales,whichcanincludebui
ldi
ngout
distr
ibutionchannelssuchaswar ehouses,I
nternetwebpages,and
productshi ppingcenters.

ONLI
NEAUCTI
ONS

Onli
neaucti
onsare 
auct
ionsconductedonawebsi te 
thatpr
ovi
desusers
t
osellandbuygoodswi thotherusers.Auct
ionshavebecomeoneofthe
mostvisi
tedwebpagesont heInter
netandof t
encontai
nandsell
any
thing
youcanimagine.

E-COMMERCEPORTALSANDSOCI
ALNETWORKS

Anecommer ceportali
sanonl ineportal
whichy oucanuset oav ai
l
i
nformat ion,
shopf rom, orconnectwithpeople.Eisusedforonl i
ne,
commer ceimpl i
esbusiness.Sobasicall
ye-commer ceportalisanonli
ne
businesspor tal
.Theseday s,youcangoonl i
net obuyev er
ythingfr
om
propertytocar stodressestolinger
ie.Youcanal soordersalonservi
cesor

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page41
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

medi
cines.Youcanal
sof
indy
oul
i
fepar
tneronl
i
ne.
Checkout‘
’Jabong’
’togetabetterunder
standi
ngofe-
commer
ce.I
tisone
ofthemostpopularonl
ineshoppingport
alsinI
ndi
a.

Socialcommer ce
It 
i
sshoppi ng-
ori
entedsoci
almedi amar keti
ngthatt
ouchesbuy er
s
before,duri
ngandaftert
hei
rpurchase.Itencompassesabr oadarrayof
opti
onsi ncl
udi
nggroupbuying,
soci al
shoppi ng,
mobil
eapps, r
etai
ler
s
addingsocialf
eatur
es,andshoppingintegratedi
ntosoci
almedia.

A.Demonst rateshowpr oductsarebr oughttomar ket

.
B.Creat
esbr andawar enesscostef fecti
vely
C.Linksbricksandmor t
arstor
esandsoci alconnecti
onsthr
oughuse
of 
mobi l
e.
D.Enhancespr oductdiscov
ery/awareness.
E.Creat
essoci almediacontent.
F.Enablespeer sr ecommendat ions.
G.Expandsr elati
onshipswithotherswhoshar eyourtast
es.
H.Provi
desgr oupbuy i
ngopportuniti
es.
I
.Dev el
opssoci alshoppingoppor t
uniti
esonsoci almediapl
atf
orms.
J.Expandst argetaudience

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page42
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page43
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ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page44
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Pr
epar
edby:
Mr.AmanGar
g(A.
P/B.
B.A)
Page45
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NTERNATI
ONALINSTI
TUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL,
SONEPAT
E-NOTES,
Subj
ectE–Commer
ce,Subj
ectcode–BBA308-
B Cour
se–BBA6THSEM
Pr
eparedbyMr.AmanGarg

Pr
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