Ecolibria SAT

Allocation S.
No Objective Questi What are the factors

1. Consumption trendsaffecting global crude oil prices?
of automobiles
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 1 20 / 30 2. Unrest in OPEC countries
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 2 24 / 30
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 3 16 / 30 Environment friendly practices, Electric cars
Basic reasons are-
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 4 14 / 30 Decreasing demand, economic slowdown,
- To recognize as English nationals rather need in the auto
than european
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 5 19 / 30 -To change Laws based on EU referendum
1. Supply of oil
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 7 21 / 30 2. Political conditions on oil producing nations
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 8 20 / 30 3. Availability of substitutes
- global shift in renewable resources (electric cars)
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 9 18 / 30 The factors affecting
- Venezuela oil crisisglobal crude oil prices would be the gl
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 10 20 / 30 Demand
- Conflictofincrude
the gulf
oil (Iran-UAE)
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 11 17 / 30 1.
Availability of crude oil ( Extraction sites (India,
run dryChina)
)
Demand from oil dependent countries
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 12 13 / 30 2. increase or decrease in production/extraction of oil will h
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 13 Cost of extraction
18 / 30 Production and inventory by supplying country.
of oil, demand
Demand on an international country-wide level.
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 14 13 / 30 Situation in competitors/
oil producing competing
countries countries. Eg. If the UA
Number of
Yogesh Rajesh Shroff 15 17 / 30 Availability, feasibility and demand for alternatives.
Kush Agarwal 17 20 / 30 mainly demand and supply, worldwide recession, technolog
Kush Agarwal 18 14 / 30 1. Trade wars
Kush Agarwal 19 18 / 30 2. Availability and demand of crude oil
Kush Agarwal 20 19 / 30 World economic growth, Supply from the OPEC and other o
Kush Agarwal 21 21 / 30 The supply from the OPEC and the demand of oil.For exam
Kush Agarwal 22 15 / 30
1. Strength of the Dollar
Kush Agarwal 23 25 / 30 tensions betweenofUS
2. Performance theand Iran,
world falling demand due to covid
economy
Kush Agarwal 24 19 / 30 Decrease
3. Availability of alternate energy resources
Productioninofdemand due
oil by the to
OPEC COVID
countries.
Kush Agarwal 25 15 / 30 Increased production
The relations between the cartels governing oil prices.
Kush Agarwal 26 18 / 30 The demand of oil on the basis of current scenario ( examp
1. Current and future demand
Kush Agarwal 27 23 / 30 Generally itevents
is the war or disasters which take prices of crud
2. political
Global economic growth
Kush Agarwal 28 23 / 30 3. Current reservesSaudi
with the oil companies
Price war between Arabia and OPEC
Kush Agarwal 29 26 / 30 Economic shift towards more environmental friendly option
Kush Agarwal 30 26 / 30 The factors affecting the global crude oil prices are the dem
Kush Agarwal 31 26 / 30 Global crude oil prices are being impacted by the supply co
1) OPECs control of oil production in turn effecting the dem
Kush Agarwal 32 15 / 30 2) The number of electric vehicles vs fuel run vehicles
Sree Vishnuram K 33 21 / 30 The globaleconomic
3) Global crude price is affected by-
growth
1. The value of crude oil securities traded in the market
Sree Vishnuram K 34 20 / 30 political factors,and
relations among
2. Availability speculation of various countries
availability of crude oil
Sree Vishnuram K 35 21 / 30 3. Demand supply chracteristics
Sree Vishnuram K 36 13 / 30 Dollar rate, global events
Sree Vishnuram K 37 17 / 30
1. global political competition
Sree Vishnuram K 40 20 / 30 Demand of oildemand
in Globaland
Market. Conditions existing betwee
2. aggregate supply of oil
Sree Vishnuram K 41 24 / 30 3. movements in value of dollar
Sree Vishnuram K 42 17 / 30 supply,
1. Excessive oil produce and comparatively a lower deman
Sree Vishnuram K 43 18 / 30 2. COVID also has impacted the future imports as imports
Sree Vishnuram K 44 Demand and
24 / 30 Demand of crude
supplyoil.are the major factors affecting crude o
availibility of other sources of energy like nuclear, hydro, w
Sree Vishnuram K 45 19 / 30 The clash between
economic growth ofgulf countries dominated by Saudia Ara
countries
Sree Vishnuram K 46 20 / 30 2)
move
No of towards
electricrenewable
cars and so sources
demand of energy
decreasing
Sree Vishnuram K 47 22 / 30 3) Globally people are shifting to environmentally friendly r
Sree Vishnuram K 48 23 / 30 Regulation
2. Disagreementsby OPEC, lockdown
between OPECdueandto Covid,
Russiaeconomic
regardinggrooi
Animesh Wasan 49 20 / 30 1)Higher
3. Recently, the
Production futures contract for oil expired and since th
Animesh Wasan 50 18 / 30 2)
TheLower
increasedemandin thedue to various
number reasons from
of resources suchwhere
as countrie
the o
Animesh Wasan 51 27 / 30 Global shift to environmental friendly practices
Animesh Wasan 52 21 / 30
Animesh Wasan 53 19 / 30 Low demand, high supply, geo-political tension(Iran), trade
Animesh Wasan 55 21 / 30 Crude oil is generally provided by oligopolies of the world. H
Animesh Wasan 57 19 / 30 Global
3) Shifteconomic
to electrichealth
cars and vehicles
Animesh Wasan 58 24 / 30 4)
c) Changeregulations
Supply in Supply by OPEC
Animesh Wasan 59 25 / 30 d) Availability of other substitutes in the market like renewa
Animesh Wasan 60 19 / 30 Due to the pandemic,
5- Speculation: wheneverinternational trade has been
there is speculation impacte
about the to
Animesh Wasan 61 18 / 30 6- Natural cause- any kind of natural cause like pandemic,
Animesh Wasan 62 10 / 30 3) Foreign transfers
Animesh Wasan 63 28 / 30 2.
4) Production
Climate Change cut of different oil-producing countries
Animesh Wasan 64 14 / 30 3. Trade war among different countries including US and C
Kirti Agarwal 65 19 / 30 2- Alternative energy source research/ Climate change adv
Kirti Agarwal 66 13 / 30 3- Global politics and diverse, ever changing scenarios cau
Kirti Agarwal 67 20 / 30 The
Thecrude oil prices
rift between are affected
Russia and Saudiby Arabia
the demand and supply
Kirti Agarwal 68 14 / 30 The coronavirus which resulted in lockdown in most countr
Kirti Agarwal 69 19 / 30 Demand, Supply, Future contracts, Market Sentiments
Kirti Agarwal 70 17 / 30 Government Policies/ Pandemic/ International Disputes
Kirti Agarwal 71 13 / 30 The main factorsamong
2) Competition are thethe demand
OPEC of global crude
countries, oil and the
Oil producing
Kirti Agarwal 72 21 / 30 2.
3) Demand
Over Supply / OveroilDemand
for crude
Kirti Agarwal 73 21 / 30 How
3. Discovery of alternate
OPEC regulates sources of energy
its supply
Kirti Agarwal 74 17 / 30 More environment friendly measures taken
Kirti Agarwal 75 17 / 30 3. OPEC's control and regulation on supply'
Kirti Agarwal 76 23 / 30 4. US's Shale oil production
3.Scarcity
Oil reservesof oilof the countries. Increased capacity of oil re
Kirti Agarwal 78 16 / 30 Tensions
4. Exchange rates. China and other countries curbing sea r
between
Tensions between US, Iran and
The consumption/demand UAE
of the crude oil ( decreased d
Kirti Agarwal 80 22 / 30 hence this double whammy is driving prices down.
Shreyas Nair 81 23 / 30 Demand and supply are the major factors that impact the o
Shreyas Nair 82 19 / 30 Consumer demand, global economic and political situation
Shreyas Nair 83 15 / 30 Demand and Supply
Shreyas Nair 84 11 / 30
Shreyas Nair 85 20 / 30 Shift to environment friendly fuels
Shreyas Nair 86 19 / 30 OPEC regulations
Shreyas Nair 87 19 / 30 Global demand, supply of oil, conditions in the countries lik
Shreyas Nair 88 19 / 30 The demand for the crude oil and also the relationship betw
Shreyas Nair 89 18 / 30 Global
COVIDeconomic
19 demand growth,
curb supply, demand, policy changes,
Shreyas Nair 90 16 / 30 2)
Shallow
Adoption Oil of environment friendly measures
Shreyas Nair 91 22 / 30 3) Global economy
Shreyas Nair 92 20 / 30 demand in international
2. Geopolitics of the Middlemarket
East, Russia, USA and China
Shreyas Nair 93 22 / 30 1)
3. Shift
Aggregate industrial
to renewable output of the world
resources
Shreyas Nair 94 13 / 30 Since
2) Demand
Crudefor oil automobiles
is transferred in terms of US dollar currenci
Shreyas Nair 95 19 / 30 The OPEC council also impacts the rate and there is a com
Shreyas Nair 96 17 / 30 global economic growth, the prices set by the OPEC, level
Sahil Radhanpura 97 12 / 30
Sahil Radhanpura 98 20 / 30 -International
demand is lowcollabarations.
because of global slowdown. AViation secto
Sahil Radhanpura 99 24 / 30 -WTO changes in tax prices
Sahil Radhanpura 100 16 / 30 Factors
Increase affecting
in supply global crude oil
as shutting prices
down are directly
operations linkedcoto
is more
Sahil Radhanpura 101 15 / 30 Tussle between Russia and Saudi Arabia which is resulting
Sahil Radhanpura 102 20 / 30 1.
Demand
OPEC for crude oil, price
organisation of its substitute
sometimes like natural
collaborating to reduce gasth
Sahil Radhanpura 103 17 / 30 2. Currency Exchange rates between countries
Sahil Radhanpura 104 18 / 30 2. US dollar value
Sahil Radhanpura 105 25 / 30 3. Price of gold
Sahil Radhanpura 106 21 / 30 Consumption
Sahil Radhanpura 107 16 / 30 Demand, Political Stability, Price of dependent goods e.g a
Sahil Radhanpura 108 17 / 30 The global factors
> Political prices of oil is affected by the several factors like
Sahil Radhanpura 109 22 / 30 Global
> Economic
decreasecondition
in oil demand due to the pandemic
Sahil Radhanpura 110 20 / 30 A shift to find alternative eco friendly sources of energy as
Sahil Radhanpura 111 19 / 30
Sahil Radhanpura 112 17 / 30 Use of environmentally
2. Some friendlyenvironment-friendly
are shifting towards alternatives like electric cars
practice
Shubham Aggarwal 113 15 / 30 3. OPEC controls the supply of crude oil.
Shubham Aggarwal 114 11 / 30 conflicts of oil producing countries
Shubham Aggarwal 115 18 / 30 sanctions
Shubham Aggarwal 116 16 / 30 1)
Global crude to
Decisions prices are affected
cut back production by-bytheOPEC
decisions of bodies
countries
Shubham Aggarwal 117 18 / 30 2) Storage cost of oil
Shubham Aggarwal 118 17 / 30
Shubham Aggarwal 119 22 / 30 OPEC regulation
2) Demand , demand
& Supply of crudefor crude
oil oil , availability of eco
Shubham Aggarwal 120 12 / 30 13)global
Processing
decrease costinofdemand
crude oildue to covid-19 impact
Shubham Aggarwal 121 22 / 30 22.Increase/Decrease
People starting to shift in Production
to more Eco by OPEC
friendlyCountries
alternatives
Shubham Aggarwal 122 19 / 30 3. Electric vehicles comes in market which is direct alterna
Shubham Aggarwal 123 14 / 30
Shubham Aggarwal 124 15 / 30 Shifting
Changes to in
environment
technology friendly resources, growth in the ec
Shubham Aggarwal 125 15 / 30 2.Global
Crude oileconomic
demand growth
Shubham Aggarwal 126 15 / 30 OPEC
3.Shift has
to electric vehicles.
high control on crude price
Shubham Aggarwal 127 20 / 30 Aviation and motor Industry Usage
Shubham Aggarwal 128 20 / 30 Shift to electronic
2. Demand vehicles
by major ; demand
customer for fuel efficient source
countries
Tanika Goyal 129 21 / 30 Less
3. Storage Capacity
demand more supply by Major producers
Tanika Goyal 130 14 / 30 Inter
Oil-war between
political Russia and Saudi Arabia
stability
Tanika Goyal 131 16 / 30 Over production of oil
Tanika Goyal 132 19 / 30 Supply of environmental
- Shift to oil by top oil producing countries, which in turn is
friendly practices
Tanika Goyal 133 22 / 30 - More fuel efficient cars hence decrease in demand
Tanika Goyal 134 20 / 30 Global crude oil prices are affected by factors such as the v
2) supply
Tanika Goyal 135 18 / 30 3) special conditions like war, pandemic, etc.
Tanika Goyal 136 16 / 30 - Increase in alternatives to commodities that require crude
Tanika Goyal 137 18 / 30 -Shipping
And nowcost of course the COVID-19 situation
Tanika Goyal 138 18 / 30 Tax levied
3. excessive bysupply
the government
form US shale companies, Russia, OP
Tanika Goyal 139 18 / 30 4.
3) Increase/decrease inamong
Lack of coordination Demand US, Russia and OPEC coun
4)How
Trade theWar between various
oil producing nationscountries
regulate (the Most recent USA
supply?
Tanika Goyal 141 21 / 30 2. Use of renewable sources of energy in industries
Tanika Goyal 142 17 / 30 rivalries between
2. Political oil unions.
upheavals Like recentnations
in oil producing issuessuch
between Ru
as Iran,
3. Cold
OPEC wasdetermining
between USA,production
Saudiquantity
Arabia and of oil.
Russia.
Tanika Goyal 144 20 / 30 3. The free trade agreements between countries.
Sakshi Khandelwal 145 14 / 30 demand and supply
Sakshi Khandelwal 146 14 / 30 The prices affecting the global crude prices is the oil produc
Sakshi Khandelwal 147 16 / 30 The demand
Supply by OPECof oil across the world, the gold rate and the q
Sakshi Khandelwal 148 20 / 30 -Dollar decline
Low production rates due to inefficiency of factories
Sakshi Khandelwal 149 17 / 30 - Depletion of oil reserves
Sakshi Khandelwal 150 20 / 30
Sakshi Khandelwal 151 21 / 30 Wars in middle east. Technological disruption like that of sh
Sakshi Khandelwal 152 17 / 30 Concentration of oil in middle east.
Sakshi Khandelwal 153 15 / 30 Exports to rest of the world.
Sakshi Khandelwal 154 8 / 30
Sakshi Khandelwal 155 15 / 30 Trade
ChangesWar,inOPEC Policies and
environmental Conflicts, Oil Demand, Dep
practices
Sakshi Khandelwal 156 23 / 30 Government trade policies
Sakshi Khandelwal 157 22 / 30 1. Global Oil Demand 2. Supply of Oil 3. Availability of stora
Sakshi Khandelwal 158 16 / 30 OPEC is a cartel type organisation that decides the crude o
Sakshi Khandelwal 159 15 / 30 crude oil is a scarce natural resource. So its price is affecte
Sakshi Khandelwal 160 13 / 30 2. The market trades on the market as well, so global econ
TANIA NANDI 161 21 / 30 3. Overall global demand.
TANIA NANDI 162 17 / 30
TANIA NANDI 163 15 / 30 1.Demand 2.The profits that OPEC nations wants to make
TANIA NANDI 164 19 / 30 1. OPEC regulations 2. Global Economic trends 3. Exchang
TANIA NANDI 165 19 / 30 Like currently there is a decreased demand globally becau
TANIA NANDI 166 17 / 30 At times OPEC
- Stability in the can decide
middle east,collectively
as seen intothe
decrease
volatilitysupply
of oil p
TANIA NANDI 167 21 / 30 -Restrictions on supply put in by global oil cartels, for exam
TANIA NANDI 168 13 / 30 Demand, substitutes - availability and accessibility ({challen
TANIA NANDI 169 21 / 30 Demand from Countries
TANIA NANDI 170 18 / 30 Political events or crisis
TANIA NANDI 171 19 / 30 Availability of raw crude. Cost of production.
TANIA NANDI 172 18 / 30 THe supply of crude oil. It also includes the demand that is
TANIA NANDI 173 14 / 30 Limited resources, cost of extraction, OPEC governance
TANIA NANDI 174 21 / 30
TANIA NANDI 175 15 / 30 production of oil, political tension among the OPEC countrie
TANIA NANDI 176 21 / 30 Shift to Electric Vehicles, Environmental Concerns, Overall
Shrirang Aronkar 177 23 / 30
Shrirang Aronkar 178 20 / 30 3. If there is excess pricing competition as happening curre
Shrirang Aronkar 179 21 / 30 Political
4. The state of world
stability economy.
is another important factor which affects o
Shrirang Aronkar 180 16 / 30 Technologies such as solar power, hydro power and wind
Shrirang Aronkar 181 16 / 30 Increse
3. Demandin Demand or decrease in supply; Changing Dollar
for oil worldwide
Shrirang Aronkar 182 20 / 30 4. Technological advancements in oil mining and refining t
Shrirang Aronkar 183 18 / 30 As the demand for oil has reduced, it has a direct effect on
Shrirang Aronkar 186 19 / 30 More
4) Political
supplyrelations
and lesswith other due
demand countries: The political relat
to Covid-19
Shrirang Aronkar 187 16 / 30 Economic
Fall of world economy
Growth (Developing countries use more oil)
Shrirang Aronkar 188 23 / 30 Environment policies
Shrirang Aronkar 189 16 / 30 Dollar exchange rates, Geo-political factors, Rising costs du
Shrirang Aronkar 190 25 / 30 Global supply was high and the global demand was at all ti
Shrirang Aronkar 191 14 / 30 Oil Futures market
Shrirang Aronkar 192 18 / 30 Less demand of crude oil because of lockdown due to COV
Shubhangi Gupta 193 18 / 30 inflation, interest rates, supply & demand, trade policies, tax
Shubhangi Gupta 194 26 / 30 1. Geopolitical conflicts, 2. Decision of the OPEC 3. Global
Shubhangi Gupta 195 14 / 30 3. Monopolistic exploitation
Shubhangi Gupta 196 24 / 30 The
4. Exchange
oversupply rateoffluctuation
oil reduced the prices.
Shubhangi Gupta 197 16 / 30 Us
At the same
Dollar time the consumption of oil dropped due to wo
value
Shubhangi Gupta 198 21 / 30 OPEC countries policy
Shubhangi Gupta 199 15 / 30 Crude oil prices are affected by demand for crude oil in the
Shubhangi Gupta 200 14 / 30 Demand
- Wars likeandUS-
Supply of the Crude Oil
Iran war
Shubhangi Gupta 201 13 / 30 -Recession
Prices of alternative fuel sources.
Shubhangi Gupta 202 15 / 30 Price of dollar
Shubhangi Gupta 203 14 / 30 Storage costs, demand of oil from other industries, competi
Shubhangi Gupta 204 22 / 30 There are various factors affecting global crude oil prices lik
Shubhangi Gupta 205 11 / 30 conflicts between nations, export and import taxes, more de
market participants
Shubhangi Gupta 206 13 / 30 availability
5. Major events in middle east countries
Shubhangi Gupta 207 13 / 30 1.
6.The
Elections/change
conflicts between in leaders of major
oil producing countries.
countries
Shubhangi Gupta 208 19 / 30 3.
2. discovery
Supply restrictions
of new oilbyfields
the oil-producing nations/ cartels l
Shashank Jain 209 19 / 30 4. Development of new technology eg Shale by USA
Shashank Jain 210 20 / 30
Shashank Jain 211 15 / 30 Current supply and demand, Political decisions, Future sup
Shashank Jain 212 17 / 30 Political
OPEC oil tensions,
supply. Pandemic situations( Covid), demand-su
Shashank Jain 213 15 / 30 Shipping and Transportation Charges
Shashank Jain 215 14 / 30 OPEC decides the global crude oil prices. It is affected by s
Shashank Jain 216 12 / 30 Global markets are biggest factors affecting global crude oi
Shashank Jain 218 17 / 30 Wars and conflicts, economic sanctions have an impact on
Shashank Jain 220 16 / 30 The pricesInvestments
2. Falling of global crude oil are determined by OPEC
Shashank Jain 221 13 / 30 3. Global Recession
1) Excess supply of oil but scarcity in demand all over the
Shashank Jain 222 18 / 30 2) Sanctions imposed by governments might affect the glo
Shashank Jain 223 26 / 30 Global demand , geopolitical factors like a war in middle ea
Shashank Jain 224 17 / 30 2) Emergence of electric vehicles
Siddharth Mutalik 225 8 / 30 If
3)extraction
Demand of andcrude oil in international
availability of shale gas market
in U.S increases,
Siddharth Mutalik 226 17 / 30 2.
Price war between
Political instabilityOPEC andtoRussia
- Failing meet the adequate supply
Siddharth Mutalik 227 10 / 30 3. Recession
Siddharth Mutalik 228 12 / 30 Demand
3. demand from big countries
disruptions due like India, Russia;
to lockdowns Political even
in COVID-19 scen
Siddharth Mutalik 229 23 / 30 4. Costs of storage increased due to less demand and the
Siddharth Mutalik 230 20 / 30 Global demand,
Socio-Political availability of
environment in crude oil, tradecountries
Oil producing deals
Siddharth Mutalik 231 16 / 30 Global
On going trade wars
Economic between developed nations like USA
growth
Siddharth Mutalik 232 20 / 30 Global shift to environmental friendlypractices.
Siddharth Mutalik 233 15 / 30
Siddharth Mutalik 234 23 / 30 1.
The factors affecting
Exchange rate global crude oil prices are supply of th
Siddharth Mutalik 235 19 / 30 2. Demand / Availability / Production
Siddharth Mutalik 236 14 / 30 1. Supply of crude oil from major producing countries
Siddharth Mutalik 237 18 / 30 1,
2.Demand
Sudden crisisof Crudein one
oIl of the major contributors to the glob
Siddharth Mutalik 238 15 / 30 2. Strained international ties of countries
Siddharth Mutalik 239 26 / 30 Global crude oil prices depend on demand, supply, OPEC s
Siddharth Mutalik 240 15 / 30 Crude oil prices are affected by tariffs imposed by countries
Shubhankar Mayank 241 19 / 30 Demand of alternate fuel, Cost of alternate fuel, Price of do
Shubhankar Mayank 242 16 / 30 None
Shubhankar Mayank 243 16 / 30 1. Demand in the market - Currently due to the pandemic, d
Shubhankar Mayank 244 22 / 30 The
2. Country membership
geo-political tensions - Recently,
between the countries likenations
powerful UAE hav
Shubhankar Mayank 245 17 / 30 The demand and
3) Slowdown of the economysupply of oil
Shubhankar Mayank 246 16 / 30 4) Reduced
4. Rate businessoiloperations
of extracted from mine
Shubhankar Mayank 247 20 / 30 Combination of above factors determine the crude oil price
Shubhankar Mayank 248 19 / 30
Shubhankar Mayank 249 20 / 30 No of countries extracting crude
Shubhankar Mayank 250 21 / 30 cIncrease
- politicalin scenarios
alternatives to crude (it said the top trading nat
Shubhankar Mayank 251 18 / 30 2)
d -There
OPECare various crude oil reach countries in South Am
Shubhankar Mayank 252 17 / 30 1.
3)OPEC
Fight between
regulations Arab countries like Saudi Arabia and Iran
Shubhankar Mayank 253 18 / 30 2. Political tensions
events and crisis
in the middle east
Shubhankar Mayank 254 16 / 30 3. Economic wars among
2) Alternative/Substitutes- People big nationals
are now switching to Ele
Shubhankar Mayank 255 17 / 30 3) Complement Goods- As people are buying less automo
Shubhankar Mayank 256 14 / 30 demand from Major economies
Saakshi Rathi 257 19 / 30 events and crises ( eg covid led to fall in price)
Saakshi Rathi 258 19 / 30 The factors affecting global crude oil prices are, the deman
Saakshi Rathi 259 16 / 30
Saakshi Rathi 260 17 / 30 Low Demand due
2. Negotiations to lockdown
between OPEC countries
Saakshi Rathi 261 19 / 30 2)
3. Demand
Fluctuationsfrominmajor
supply countries
Saakshi Rathi 262 21 / 30 5.
3) Geopolitical
Social and political
Conflicts situations
Saakshi Rathi 263 23 / 30 -6.Price
Currency fluctuations
of alternatives like shale oil
Saakshi Rathi 264 19 / 30 2)Taxes
- Geopolitical scenarioduties
and imposed and OPEC declarations
Saakshi Rathi 265 19 / 30 availability
3) Fluctuating valueoil,
of crude of ease
dollarof extraction
Saakshi Rathi 266 15 / 30 in
2. the current pandemic
Oligopolistic Competition- situation,
whichthe world
forces oilhas come to to
companies a
Saakshi Rathi 267 22 / 30 Global
3. PriceDemand
Wars between Russia and Saudi Arabia
Saakshi Rathi 268 20 / 30 Shale Oil industries production levels increasing and price
Saakshi Rathi 269 17 / 30
Saakshi Rathi 270 18 / 30 The factors that affect prices of global crude oil are cost of
- Inflation
Saakshi Rathi 271 16 / 30 2.Global
- Demandshift to environmental friendly practices
Saakshi Rathi 272 19 / 30 3.How the OPEC regulates its supply
Devansh Chhabria 273 16 / 30
Devansh Chhabria 274 16 / 30 2) More adoption of electric vehicle can reduce crude price
Devansh Chhabria 275 19 / 30 3) Supplycallings
3 OPEC and Demand also plays a major role in affecting
Devansh Chhabria 276 23 / 30 4. shift and invention of new technologies in the Electric ve
Devansh Chhabria 277 17 / 30 2. Supply side factor: Crude oil is a cartel controlled comm
Devansh Chhabria 278 21 / 30 Increase in demand,
The supplier reduction
fight between US in supply
and OPEC nations have als
Devansh Chhabria 279 17 / 30 Also, the onset of alternate fuels has been putting more do
Devansh Chhabria 281 16 / 30 2. The US-Saudi Arabia problems over the crude oil pricing
Devansh Chhabria 282 17 / 30 3. The political and military imbalances caused between U
Devansh Chhabria 283 15 / 30 due to global lockdown the demand for oil has fallen to a ve
Devansh Chhabria 285 15 / 30 Storage facilities, Production cuts by OPEC and U.S.A. , pr
Devansh Chhabria 286 18 / 30 - Excess supply; high inventory at present because of dem
Devansh Chhabria 287 21 / 30 1.
- Costs
Demand involved in warehousing
and storage of unsold stock
costs of oil
Devansh Chhabria 288 17 / 30 global
2. Trading policies
economic between oil producing countries
growth
Tavishi Verma 289 17 / 30 1)
more electric capacity
Production cars of companies
Tavishi Verma 290 16 / 30 2)
Tavishi Verma 291 24 / 30 Demand of Oil. Storage cost. availability and cost of substit
Tavishi Verma 292 17 / 30 Demand
2. Trade and supply, Economic
complications betweenpolicies by govt of the expo
countries
Tavishi Verma 293 15 / 30 3. Price changes and advancements in alternate energy so
Tavishi Verma 294 20 / 30 Demand from major countries, current and future supply de
Tavishi Verma 295 19 / 30
Tavishi Verma 296 16 / 30 The major factor is the tussle between Russia and OPEC w
Tavishi Verma 297 21 / 30 the demand and supply of oil and at the same time the grow
Tavishi Verma 298 13 / 30 wartype
Safe and situation
efficientbetween countries, maximum holding of o
Transportation
Tavishi Verma 299 19 / 30 Awareness Movements relating to Climate Change
Tavishi Verma 300 21 / 30 How OPEC regulates
2. Availability of crudethe oil supply, economic
at a given point in growth, deman
time (e.g. USA
Tavishi Verma 301 15 / 30 3. OPEC and Middle east
Supply of oil with respect to demand.organisations: These organisatio
Tavishi Verma 302 15 / 30 Sometime back when the prices of petrol diesel reached to
Tavishi Verma 303 18 / 30 OPEC have come together to regulate the price of oil by co
Tavishi Verma 304 18 / 30 More electrical cars and more fuel efficient cars
Varnika Bagaria 305 15 / 30 Saudi Arabia demands
2. Transportation Cost to increase the oil prices and OPEC
Varnika Bagaria 306 12 / 30 3. Availability
Varnika Bagaria 307 15 / 30 Break in supply, excess demand, technological disruptions,
Varnika Bagaria 308 15 / 30 Demand, supply, stocking and hoarding price, future bonds
Varnika Bagaria 309 20 / 30 Global
1. Demand demand,
from Storage capacity, transportation cost, expe
the countries
Varnika Bagaria 310 16 / 30 High
2. supply
demandof crude oil being backed by adequate supply
but not
Varnika Bagaria 311 16 / 30 Rising Dollar
3) OPEC quotas
Varnika Bagaria 312 17 / 30 4) Drop in the dollar's value
Varnika Bagaria 313 12 / 30 Production rate of crude oil
Varnika Bagaria 314 22 / 30 There exists abetween
-Competition lot of unrest in the middle east which has ca
countries
Varnika Bagaria 315 21 / 30 2.
-Sometimes
Supply is incountries
excess of deliberately
demand reduce to boost prices
Varnika Bagaria 316 17 / 30 2.
3. Situation
Tensions of between Saudi countries
oil producing Arabia and Russia
Varnika Bagaria 317 11 / 30 3. Currency Rates
Varnika Bagaria 318 20 / 30 Interest rates, demand and supply, geopolitical tensions an
Varnika Bagaria 319 18 / 30 Foreign exchange rates, level of production by OPEC coun
Varnika Bagaria 320 15 / 30
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 321 16 / 30 International restrictions on OPEC from other countries, Co
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 322 13 / 30
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 323 12 / 30 Cartels, International relations, Political stability, Availability
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 324 23 / 30 The demand Reasons
3. Seasonal and supply ofvacations
like crude oil which
etc. depends on sea
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 325 15 / 30 3.
4. Global
International
supplySituations
of crude oil likeand
War, crisis
input etc.
costs
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 326 20 / 30 Disruption
4. Environmental
in supply andlines
regulatory norms
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 327 19 / 30 Prices
Fall in consumption due to covid
set by these countries for Sale
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 328 15 / 30 Demand for oil across the globe
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 329 18 / 30 Factors affecting global crude oil prices are supply and dem
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 330 14 / 30 - Supply of oil by oil-producing economies (Saudi Arabia h
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 331 18 / 30 - Supply of alternatives to oil like shale gas production in U
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 332 15 / 30 3)World moving to more environment friendly practices.
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 333 21 / 30 4)Policy Changes
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 334 23 / 30 Demand
2. Demand andbeing
supply,lowValue of US Dollar
and supply and OPEC
being high quota in
has resulted
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 335 12 / 30 3. In US with high sources of shale gas and with help of hy
Vummadi Shankar Reddy 336 17 / 30 3. Global Tension -- Countries like China and India are ma
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 337 18 / 30 4.
3- Tensions
Transportbetween
and travel Supplier Countries
restrictions due to--COVID
When any tensi
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 338 21 / 30 4- Production and manufacturing slowdown due to COVID
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 339 18 / 30 Production
1. Russia andrate,Saudi
demand, OPEC regulations,
disagreements over price
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 340 20 / 30 2. Conditions
COVID-19 has in thecaused
Middlea East
fall in the demand
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 341 17 / 30 3. Monopoly of Middle East in Oil Production
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 342 14 / 30 The factors affecting global crude oil prices are trade wars,
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 343 14 / 30 Other factors such as emerging green technology such as
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 344 19 / 30
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 345 26 / 30 The main reason
2) Global economic affecting
growthglobal crude prices these days is
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 346 16 / 30 3) Rise in population
4. Demand/Consumption. in developing countries
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 347 18 / 30 5. Political scenario.
Agreement and relationships among the OPEC member co
Discovery of newbysources
Oil production major oilof producers
oil such as OPEC
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 349 17 / 30 2. Currency exchange rates
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 350 25 / 30 2. Increase or decrease in supply, which is decided by OP
3.Political
Politicalstability
stabilityof in the
oil exporting
countries nations
where crude is extracted
Pavan Manu Rajesh Sreerama 352 22 / 30 2. Economic growth in the countries where majority of oil is
Nishant Banka 353 22 / 30
Nishant Banka 355 16 / 30 The war between Russia and Saudi Arabia on the prices of
Nishant Banka 356 18 / 30 Political
2. Demandissues are prime
of Crude Oil factors affecting crude oil prices. T
Nishant Banka 357 23 / 30 3. Political Events
Nishant Banka 358 18 / 30 The demand
2. global of oil isgrowth
economic one of the factors that affect the crude
Nishant Banka 359 19 / 30 Political
3.Globalrelations
shift to environmental
between major friendly practices
world powers
Nishant Banka 360 19 / 30 OPEC rules
Nishant Banka 361 14 / 30 -Currency exchange rate
Nishant Banka 362 20 / 30 Volatility in stock market
Nishant Banka 363 24 / 30 Decisions of OPEC, Demand for Oil, Global Stability, Devel
Nishant Banka 365 25 / 30 Factors affecting global crude oil prices are demand , trans
3) More competitors participated in price wars to gain mark
Nishant Banka 366 20 / 30 4) Sluggish demand
2. Geopolitical scenariodue to coronavirus
Nishant Banka 367 18 / 30 3. Cost of production of crude oil
Aditi Saumya 369 14 / 30 there is a price war going between Saudi Arabia, Russia an
Aditi Saumya 370 22 / 30 3. Global shift to environmental friendly practices.
Aditi Saumya 371 18 / 30 4. How the OPEC regulates its supply.
Aditi Saumya 372 16 / 30 geo political tensions, Demand from transportaion sector, d
Aditi Saumya 373 12 / 30 OPEC cartel controls the crude oil prices.
Aditi Saumya 374 17 / 30
Aditi Saumya 375 18 / 30 right now there is a price war between Saudi Arabia and Ru
Aditi Saumya 376 23 / 30 The
Global Supply
Saudi : The
Arabia andsupply
Russia affects theon
conflict crude oil prices
pricing as i
regulation
Aditi Saumya 377 22 / 30 1.Excess Supply
Political outbreak/war can affect the crude oil prices as th
Aditi Saumya 378 15 / 30 2. Trade wars can lead to fluctuations in the price.
Aditi Saumya 382 17 / 30 Demand
1. Frictionofbetween
crude oiloil form variouscountries
supplying countries, political events
Aditi Saumya 383 15 / 30 2. Demand and supply
Aditi Saumya 384 13 / 30 The demand
Primary factors forinclude
crude oilthe, the availability
demand of crude oil, the
of oil consumption. Oilc
Rahul Pillai 385 16 / 30 Other factors could be blockades, sanctions.
Rahul Pillai 386 13 / 30 trade wars , demand supply , regulations
Rahul Pillai 387 19 / 30 The global
Supply crude Oil prices are essential regulated by the O
of oil
Rahul Pillai 388 20 / 30 1)Demand
Due tofor oil many countries stopped imports in their c
COVID
Rahul Pillai 389 14 / 30 Household
2) Shift to electrical vehicles.
and national income
Rahul Pillai 390 19 / 30 2.Supply
Supplyof -crude oil
The supply for any commodity decides it price.
Rahul Pillai 391 22 / 30 3. Inflation- Price for a commodity will increase if there is in
Rahul Pillai 392 18 / 30 Oil prices depend upon the demand and supply of oil from t
Rahul Pillai 393 20 / 30 1.
Availability of alternatives,
Tensed relations between US-Iran trade war, tensions betw
nations,
Rahul Pillai 394 21 / 30 3.2. OPEC
Reducequotas
supply.
Rahul Pillai 395 18 / 30 1)4. Drop
More in value cars
electric of dollars
and more fuel efficient cars.
Rahul Pillai 396 15 / 30 2) when world is moving on to economic resources.
Rahul Pillai 397 20 / 30 -Demand
The OPEC fromcountries
major countries, futurethe
can influence supply
globaland reserves,
crude oil pri
Rahul Pillai 398 16 / 30 Main
- During theaffecting
factor lockdown, thedue
crude to decreased
oil prices isuse, and therefor
the quantity of s
Rahul Pillai 399 19 / 30 Also factors which substitute its use like shale gas product
Rahul Pillai 400 14 / 30 Cost of operation, change in currency rates, government su
Ujjvalkumar Patel 401 21 / 30 1
Ujjvalkumar Patel 402 25 / 30 Global Crude Prices are controlled and managed by OPEC
Ujjvalkumar Patel 403 11 / 30
Ujjvalkumar Patel 404 15 / 30 The global Crude oil prices are governed by the market forc
Ujjvalkumar Patel 405 17 / 30 1) global demand and supply of the oil
Ujjvalkumar Patel 406 13 / 30 2- OPEC Countries policies
Ujjvalkumar Patel 407 16 / 30 1.3-Demand
International
of therelations
crude oil
Ujjvalkumar Patel 408 16 / 30 2.Appreciation or depreciation
- Adoption of electric vehicles of value of currency.
Ujjvalkumar Patel 409 13 / 30 -(5)Corona virus
Investment of national government into the respective o
Ujjvalkumar Patel 410 20 / 30 (6) Climate at the high seas for extraction of oil
Ujjvalkumar Patel 411 21 / 30 Due to the
Political warcovid
among 19 pandemic
OPEC the movement of people and
Ujjvalkumar Patel 412 15 / 30 Close
Less consumption
of import export
Ujjvalkumar Patel 413 16 / 30 Trade wars
Ujjvalkumar Patel 414 17 / 30 Decreased demand due to covid-19 lockdown and inability
Ujjvalkumar Patel 415 17 / 30 Lack of storage
2. Current space rate
production for crude
as peroilregulated
resulted in byprice
OPEC. drop re
Ujjvalkumar Patel 416 12 / 30 3. Geopolitical factors such as sanctions and price wars.
Tanishq Paul 417 13 / 30 3. Technological improvements for eg. - electric cars
Tanishq Paul 418 19 / 30 Trade
4. Global economic
policies growthetc)
(Sanctions
Tanishq Paul 419 12 / 30 Reserve levels by different countries
2) Excess of Supply
Tanishq Paul 420 22 / 30 3) Estimated Demand
Tanishq Paul 421 15 / 30
Tanishq Paul 422 13 / 30 Environment
Demand for oil and also the Supply of oil affects the global
policies
Tanishq Paul 423 20 / 30 regulations made by OPEC countries
Tanishq Paul 424 20 / 30 2)Role
Usual factors
of OPEC affecting the Global
in regulating Crude Oil
the supply Prices - Distan
of oil
Tanishq Paul 425 24 / 30 3)Global shift to environmental friendly practices
Tanishq Paul 429 26 / 30 overall supplydemand
3. Seasonal and consumer demand, industrial production
Tanishq Paul 430 19 / 30 Urge
4. World affairs like
in demand recession,
of Electric war etc.
vehicles and promotion of gree
Tanishq Paul 431 20 / 30 Shift to environmental friendly initiatives
Tanishq Paul 432 20 / 30 More electric cars, OPEC supply regulation, russia opec oil
Nishtha Negi 433 22 / 30 1.
Demand:
Political Iffactor
the consumption
- Countries and of the oil increases,
getting the prices
their personal inte
Nishtha Negi 434 17 / 30 Global
2. Environmental
economic growthfactor - and
Growing
GDP carbon footprints and pe
Nishtha Negi 435 24 / 30 2.
Technological
OPEC regulating innovation
supplywhich brings about better ways to
Nishtha Negi 436 19 / 30 3. Switch to electric vehicles
In the recent years we have seen an increased competition
Nishtha Negi 437 18 / 30 The discovery of Shal gas in US also sent the oil prices int
Nishtha Negi 438 16 / 30 Changing value of dollar
Nishtha Negi 439 14 / 30 Governement policies
Nishtha Negi 440 12 / 30
Nishtha Negi 441 17 / 30 Drilling costsenvironment
1. Stringent in the oil producing
norms -nations,
Most ofDollar-Rupee
the countries exc hav
Nishtha Negi 442 21 / 30 2. OPEC is deciding the supply - Since OPEC is regulating
Nishtha Negi 444 22 / 30 The factors affecting global crude oil prices are export/impo
Nishtha Negi 445 22 / 30 The low availability of primary resources pushes the global
Nishtha Negi 446 15 / 30 The monopoly of the crude oil resources in few countries o
Nishtha Negi 448 18 / 30 -Price wars between OPEC and Non OPEC nations
Vaibhav Shah 449 19 / 30 1.
Technology disruptiondue
Logistical blockage cantoimpact
Covidoil prices
which ledintofuture
steepwith
declith
Vaibhav Shah 450 13 / 30 2. Production
ContinuousRate increasing demand of Crude Oil across worl
Vaibhav Shah 451 16 / 30 3. Tax and Constraints put on the country
Vaibhav Shah 452 21 / 30 Global
2. PriceEconomic
disparity Growth, OPEC
in different and Demand
oil producing of increased
nations
Vaibhav Shah 453 15 / 30 3. International Regulations`
Vaibhav Shah 454 23 / 30
Vaibhav Shah 455 20 / 30 Development in application of alternate energy sources (lik
Vaibhav Shah 456 18 / 30 Change
Environmental policies
in the Dollar in different countries
Value
Vaibhav Shah 457 15 / 30 2)
OPEC
The quota
demand in the market
Vaibhav Shah 458 16 / 30 3) Tension between Iran and U.S.
Vaibhav Shah 461 18 / 30 Secondly, the minor attack friendly
2) Shift to environmentally on Saudi Arabia's oil production
practices
Vaibhav Shah 462 22 / 30 3) technology advances in automotive
1. High tensions and possibility of war between such as more fuel e
oil exportin
Vaibhav Shah 463 14 / 30 1.
2.Production
DiscoveringCost new sources of oil helps in lower prices.
Vaibhav Shah 464 13 / 30 Availability
2. Demandofofresources
crude oil
Riya Dholani 465 15 / 30 2)
The countries
Political possessing
decisions of thethe
topreserves
leaders of the nation
Riya Dholani 466 16 / 30 3) Agreements between the concerned parties
Riya Dholani 467 18 / 30 Global demand and supply, drilling and transportation costs
Riya Dholani 468 23 / 30 The demand from the consumers varying across the 12 mo
Riya Dholani 469 23 / 30 Global production of oil .
Riya Dholani 470 13 / 30 Demand for crude oil.
Riya Dholani 471 23 / 30 2. Demand and Supply
Riya Dholani 472 13 / 30 3. Technological Advances
Riya Dholani 473 19 / 30 Demand of oil, Political tensions, overproduction, tense com
Riya Dholani 474 19 / 30 Currently it is the pandemic,
1. Global economic thedetermine
growth will trade bans.
the demand of cr
Riya Dholani 475 16 / 30 2. movement towards electric vehicles will decrease the de
Riya Dholani 476 17 / 30 Production,
1. Supply Demand, Functioning of Unions like OPEC
Riya Dholani 477 17 / 30 2. Demand
Riya Dholani 478 21 / 30 2. OPEC issues- The internal issues of OPEC and disagre
Riya Dholani 479 18 / 30 3. Supply side problems can also affect the prices.
Riya Dholani 480 17 / 30 The demand during
3. International Covidofhad
Demand Oil decreased exponentially bec
Rishav Jain 481 16 / 30 4. Medium and Mapping of transportation (If a certain busy
Rishav Jain 482 24 / 30
Rishav Jain 483 14 / 30 Economical and political factors like political instability can a
Rishav Jain 484 15 / 30 OPEC price regulations. Use of alternate power sources lik
Rishav Jain 485 22 / 30 Increasing demand, substitutes like green energy eg: Solar
Rishav Jain 491 19 / 30 -The recent conflict between the OPEC countries with Saud
Rishav Jain 492 13 / 30 The dropped demand due to the pandemic has also adver
Rishav Jain 493 17 / 30 Global economic crisis, use of electric cars, supply and dem
Rishav Jain 494 17 / 30 The shutdown of industries due to Covid affected the prices
Rishav Jain 495 19 / 30 3. Supply
Rishav Jain 496 13 / 30 4. Availability
Shashank Garg 497 20 / 30
Shashank Garg 498 14 / 30 Factors affecting global crude oil prices are 1)High demand
Shashank Garg 499 17 / 30 Demand, Supply/availability, political environment and soci
Shashank Garg 500 18 / 30 3. Taxes
Shashank Garg 501 13 / 30 2)4. Availability
Higher production of crude oil as compared to demand.
Shashank Garg 502 19 / 30 3) Companies running short of storage space due to the hi
Shashank Garg 503 21 / 30 The rise of the electric vehicle segment
Shashank Garg 504 15 / 30 Wars affecting the supply chain
Shashank Garg 505 14 / 30 Excess supply than demand driving the prices less as happ
Shashank Garg 506 12 / 30 1.Global Demand
Shashank Garg 507 18 / 30 2.Production of Oil
Quantity Available
Shashank Garg 508 18 / 30 World-wide Demand
Shashank Garg 509 26 / 30 Saudi Arabia decided to initiate a price war after it failed to
Shashank Garg 510 21 / 30 A few of the factors affecting global crude prices are, politic
Vivek Rai 513 18 / 30 Fall
Regulation of demand
in overall supply offor
crude
crude oil oil
byprices
OPEC;amid
Shiftcovid-19
towardslea
el
Vivek Rai 514 19 / 30 Future
Oil war supply
between andopec, Russia and US
reserves
Vivek Rai 515 25 / 30 Political events and crises
Vivek Rai 516 18 / 30 Because of rising demand and also due the decisions taken
OPEC policies
Vivek Rai 517 24 / 30 Exchange rate
Vivek Rai 518 15 / 30
Vivek Rai 519 16 / 30
Vivek Rai 520 14 / 30 More electric cars and more fuel efficient cars
Vivek Rai 521 26 / 30 Global shift to environmental friendly practices
Vivek Rai 522 11 / 30 The war between Russia and OPEC , the dominant nature
Vivek Rai 523 26 / 30 Global shift to environmental friendly practices, shift to elec
Vivek Rai 524 20 / 30
Vivek Rai 525 13 / 30
Vivek Rai 526 18 / 30
Vivek Rai 527 17 / 30 Global crude oil prices are affected by the forces of demand
Vivek Rai 528 15 / 30 stalling
Demandofand various
supplymfgofsectors
oil across andallautomobile
countries. & transport i
Nitin Jaitly 529 17 / 30 Change in preferences w.r.t electric
3 - Regulatory practices of organizations vehicles
suchand as fuel
OPECvehic
Nitin Jaitly 530 25 / 30 4 - Political stage (whether volatile or progressive and stab
Nitin Jaitly 531 15 / 30 Increasing competition in the global markets and also the c
Nitin Jaitly 532 20 / 30 Crude oil is a commodity, and the price is generally affected
Nitin Jaitly 533 16 / 30
Nitin Jaitly 534 13 / 30 Supply and demand
Nitin Jaitly 535 22 / 30
Nitin Jaitly 536 18 / 30 2. Consumption of oil
Nitin Jaitly 537 15 / 30 3.
1) Trade war between
The amount the countries
of oil produced causeproducing
changes oil in the oil pri
Nitin Jaitly 538 18 / 30 2) The fluctuating increase in demand also affect the oil pr
Nitin Jaitly 539 25 / 30 The factors affecting
2. Availability/ supplyglobal
of crudecrudeoil. oil prices are its demand,
Nitin Jaitly 540 18 / 30 3. Current economic condition of country supplying crude o
Nitin Jaitly 541 17 / 30 economies,
2. Availability supply and oil
of Crude demand
in the market
Nitin Jaitly 542 18 / 30 3. Demand of crude oil by importing countries
Nitin Jaitly 543 15 / 30 3) Distribution & Means of supply.
Nitin Jaitly 544 19 / 30 4) Preferences
Price wars between for more environment
different countriesfriendly fuels.their en
not holding
Sana Nizam 545 13 / 30 Excess power in the hands of a few when it comes to prod
Sana Nizam 546 23 / 30 War or political
formation tensions in Gulf or major oil producing coun
of cartel
Sana Nizam 547 12 / 30 demand
Sana Nizam 548 16 / 30 Decrease in supply of crude oil, an increase in the demand
- World economy
Sana Nizam 549 15 / 30 - US oil and gas industry
Sana Nizam 550 19 / 30 Availability of resources, political unrest in the country, conf
Sana Nizam 551 16 / 30 growing popularity of electric vehicles
Sana Nizam 552 13 / 30 Production
war between by oil producing
major nations
oil suppliers in the world
Sana Nizam 553 19 / 30 demand for oil by countries
- Chinese economy ( Largest consumers of Oil)
Sana Nizam 554 26 / 30 - Political situation ( like the 1991 invasion of Kuwait by Ira
Sana Nizam 555 20 / 30 Due to lack unrest
2. Political in the demand
betweenof oil in back
trading nationsof the
leadsongoing pan
to diploma
Sana Nizam 556 14 / 30 3. Move towards cleaner sources - this although not as pro
Sana Nizam 557 23 / 30
Sana Nizam 558 24 / 30 Invent of electric cars has an effect on the demand and he
Sana Nizam 559 18 / 30 Financial and economic conditions of the importing countri
Sana Nizam 560 16 / 30
Diksha Sharma 561 17 / 30
Diksha Sharma 562 14 / 30 The decisions
Availability of OPEC
of crude effect the global crude oil. The pric
oil resources
Diksha Sharma 563 17 / 30 Taxes on trade of crude oil by different countries
Diksha Sharma 564 18 / 30 We are currently
3) terrorism in a supply surplus world of oil which mea
activities
Diksha Sharma 565 15 / 30 Any
4) global level
turmoils or epidemics
clashes that that can affect
happen the transportation
between the OPEC co
Diksha Sharma 566 18 / 30 2.
Excise duty and
The level the imposedintaxes.
of improvement technology and the availabi
Diksha Sharma 567 23 / 30 3. External environment: The recent times have shown how
Diksha Sharma 568 13 / 30
Diksha Sharma 569 7 / 30 Factors affecting global crude oil prices
2. Demand in the Major economies
Diksha Sharma 571 24 / 30 1)
3. The
Political
demand Crisisandand changes
supply in the market
2) Trade
Production by theimposed
sanctions opec cartel as it is the major oil produ
on countries
Diksha Sharma 573 13 / 30 4. Trade war between countries
Diksha Sharma 574 14 / 30 Gross Economic Growth, shift to alternative solutions
Diksha Sharma 575 21 / 30 global
OPECdemand,
quotas- itglobal
puts ainter-country
quota on suppluy,agreements
thus, increasing
Dollar value-
External dollar value and price are directly related
factors
Madhur Bhat 577 10 / 30 Introduction
4. Stocks of electric vehicles
Madhur Bhat 578 19 / 30 The competition faced by leading crude oil distributors and
Madhur Bhat 579 19 / 30
Madhur Bhat 580 9 / 30 2. Low demand of Oil
Madhur Bhat 581 26 / 30 3. Reliance on alternate energy resources
Madhur Bhat 582 16 / 30 Less demand which is causing the accumulation of oil rese
Madhur Bhat 583 17 / 30 Political scenario in OPEC countries
Madhur Bhat 584 22 / 30 3.
Global economicor
Any disasters growth
political instability lead to higher prices.
Madhur Bhat 585 22 / 30 3)Global
4. Declineshift
of dollar leads to higher
to environmental prices
friendly as almost all Oil t
practices
Madhur Bhat 586 19 / 30 4)How the OPEC regulates its supply
Madhur Bhat 587 22 / 30 1. Lower Demand due to nationwide lock-down due to ongo
Madhur Bhat 588 20 / 30 2. Price War between USA and Saudi-Arabia
Madhur Bhat 589 23 / 30 COVID-19 pandemic, Import tariffs and holding capacity for
Madhur Bhat 590 16 / 30 Supply of oil, Demand from countries, Major events
Madhur Bhat 591 24 / 30 quotas by OPEC,natural disasters, high demand, low suppl
Madhur Bhat 592 14 / 30 The tensions between US-Iran relation was one the major f
Ritika Chawla 593 19 / 30 Supply
3.Trade&wars
Demand of oil in the world . Geo-Political events b
Ritika Chawla 594 10 / 30 4.US policy
Ritika Chawla 595 14 / 30 Global economic growth, Trade tensions among countries,G
Ritika Chawla 596 13 / 30 Global crude oil prices are being affected due to disagreem
Ritika Chawla 597 20 / 30
Ritika Chawla 598 16 / 30 1) Political events and global news
Ritika Chawla 599 22 / 30 2) Demand and Supply according to wealth of countries
Ritika Chawla 602 16 / 30 Import and export policies of the global companies
Ritika Chawla 603 19 / 30 exchange value of currency
Ritika Chawla 604 16 / 30 Policies of major suppliers like US, Saudi Arabia, shift to ele
Ritika Chawla 605 17 / 30 Political stability in the Gulf/Middle East, Overall demand of
Ritika Chawla 607 21 / 30 Covid-19 crisis,
Ritika Chawla 608 15 / 30 USA and Saudi Arabia difference have also affected the gl
1. How OPEC regulates its supplies
Gautam Keswani 2. Use of more electric cars and more fuel
609 18 efficient cars
Gautam Keswani less consumption

610 24 Price war initiated by saudi arabia
1. High demand, less supply
Gautam Keswani 2. OPEC quotas
611 23 3. Decrease in the value of dollar
Gautam Keswani production quantity of oil, demand for oil,

612 15 and its substitutes
1. Change in prices by OPEC.
2. Availability or supply of substitues such
Gautam Keswani as Electric vehicles
613 22 3.Trade wars
Gautam Keswani
614 19 1. Demand
There are many factors affecting global
2. Supply
Gautam Keswani crude oil prices
3. Supply Chainsuch as the tension rising
Readiness
615 between Saudi
22 4. Politics Arabia and Russia. Also,
America finding a way to explore more shell
reserves of oil in a cost effective manner
Gautam Keswani
reduces or increases the price of oil. One of
616 13 the most important factor of price rise is
demand. Increase or decrease in the
Gautam Keswani demand of oil can severly impact the global
617 19 crude oil prices
The
Crudemain factor react
oil prices affecting the global
to variables crude
like oil
overall
Gautam Keswani prices is the
supplies, demanddemand,
consumer for crudepolicy
oil aschanges
a raw
618 15 material/intermediary
and fluctuations in theproduct
world's across
market.various
sectors round the globe including industrial
Gautam Keswani production, aviation and so on. Thus, when
619 23 the demand for crude oil falls, its market
price falls, thus leading to major hit of the
profitability of the Oil Producing countries of
Gautam Keswani the world. Another major factor affecting the
620 17 global crude oil prices is the supply and the
control of the supply through production cuts
Gautam Keswani by major oil producing countries like OPEC+
621 17 and USA. Thus, global demand for crude oil
and the control of supply by the major oil
producing nations of the world are two major
Gautam Keswani
factors driving crude oil prices. Apart from
622 18 that, the global economic growth scenario,
geo-political dynamics, and currency
Gautam Keswani fluctuations are other major factors affecting
623 20 the prices of crude oil globally.
Gautam Keswani Demand of the crude oil

624 21 1.
Volatility of Dollar currency
Opec Countries
625 14 / 30 2. Global Demand
1) Supply of crude oil
2) Demand
626 22 / 30 3) Any bad situations like War.
627 16 / 30
628 12 / 30
629 8 / 30 3. Competitors relations - Within the crude oil producers, th
630 14 / 30 4. Political/ worldwide scenarios - It is important to note tha
631 16 / 30
632 19 / 30 Some of the factors that affect the global crude oil prices ar
633 19 / 30 OPEC
- The demand of oil
634 12 / 30 - Any pandemic situation
lobal crude oil prices? List
1. A down some of
blur between theand
work cons
lifeofbalance
working from home? What do you mean by Demographic Div
2. No work environment
No personal interaction, no way to understand how the person at the Economic growth due to change in demogr
- Security Concerns
owdown,
als rather need in the automobilDrop
than european in performance,
- Issues with Logisticsdistractions,
and Payments lack of contact with people, hardThe dividend recieved based on demograp
eferendum - Loss of Productivity in few induatries The declining fertility and mortility rates brin
- Can lead to less efficiency considering not everybody has a good working internet connection at home
1.- Home environment
Inability tends on
of stay focussed to lead to lethargy and not a diligent work
the work behaviour
Growth in an economy that is brought abou
ucing nations - Company may face data - threats
2. Personal life gets mixed with professional life 1. Proportion of people in the working pop
3. Social interaction gets limited to people at home 2. Proportion of people in differet income c
es (electric cars) -unstable network connectivity
oil prices would be the global S
d-decrease
ome of theincons oflife
working from
duehome areavailability
include possible
in mostloss in productivity due to distractions at home,
Short attentionwork
span ofbalance
employees to 24x7 cases
-negative health effects due to not going
Harder to keep track of work getting done outside the confines of the
Thehouse
growth in the economy of a country tha
n sites (India,
untries run dryChina)
) Loss
1. of physical
Disconnect connect
between co workers
ction/extraction of oil will have an
2. Lower
1) impactsocial
on prices
interactions Demographic dividend is related to the pop
y supplying country. 2) High amount of distractions
ntry-wide level. - Low Morale
--Excessive
g countries. Eg. If the UAE decided Employees Working
to halveinthe Hours
certain
price fields
of crude
likeoil,
sales,
Saudi
human
Arabia
resources,
would havebanking,
to adjust
etc accordingly
would be unable
to avoid
to go
theabout
creation
theirofday
a
d for alternatives. - Some people may not
Lack of Office environment have the required infrastructure/ resources.
Lack of peer learning Growth in an economy that can due to the
1.
wide recession, technological a Technical glitches hamper productivity
meeting face to face for emotional connect and bonding
2. Experience
Stretched workof peer learning missing
timings
3. Distractions and disturbances of the home environment have an adverse impact on output and productivit
Lack of personal interaction
4.
Increase in channels ofdiscussion
Group learning and is not of the same quality
communication
om the OPEC and other oil pr Internet issues Shift in market growth because of demogra
e demand of oil.For example du
Lack of peer contact thus peer learning gets effected, negative i It is the average age of the population. For
lling demand due to covid loc lack of personal space, health issues , divided attention It means the benefit that a country has of h
Distraction
There are various distractions at home. It can be difficult to main The change in a country's economy as a re
untries. Internet availability
governing oil prices. Internet
Relaxedand connectivity issues
attitude
f current scenario ( example, during
Increased
covid-19,
number demand
of working
reduced
hours
drastically) Demographic dividing means the growth in
1. Internet
No human Connectivity issues can reduce efficiency
s which take prices of crude to You
2. are notinteraction
Exchange able to interact personally with your peers, time of co It is the economic growth potential resulted
More numberofofdocuments
distractionsphysical samples like initial product designs becomes tough
and OPEC 3. Monitoring
Unhealthy progress of employees and ensuring attendance becomes a problem
lifestyle
ironmental friendly options Reduced productivity The economic growth potential that can res
ude oil prices are the demand Saome
1) Some of the cons that
services of working
cannotfrom home isfrom
be supplied lack WFH
of personal touch
like milk demographic
deliveries, dividend
essential serviceisavailabilities
the growth potent
etc. w
Network connectivity issues
mpacted by the supply constraWorking
Improper from home
communication does not
whileprovide the
collaborating right environment, and bring
A shift in the age structure of people, main
n in turn effecting the demad supply
2) The curve
ability to brainstorm ideas with a team is much more efficient in a company "war room" like environme
s vs fuel run vehicles Lethargic work environment (not lively and energetic) the growth in economy due to shift in age s
by- 3)There
1. WFH reduces
could be the abilityissues
network of teachers
which to explain
affects theconcepts
efficiencywith much
of the more ease, as in a classroom, becaau
deliverables
s traded in the market 2. Client's data is at risk
various countries
availability of crude oil More
-3. working hours, Informal
collaborative work environment, unstructured routDemographic dividend of a country is the g
There couldprojects which require
be background noise meeting
coming from room brainstorming
background areaffects
which affected the corporate meetings and the
-4.difficulty in maintaining
Not everything be professionalism
can Creating
converted of office
to environment
work environment Demographic dividend is the shift in econo
from home
1. Work environment- a work at home might seem difficult. Disturbances can be cause
5.
2. Overuse
Team of manpower/resources
coordination- It is difficult tofor the company's
coordinate to the benefit
team through home.
Decreased
Cons: coordination among the workforce.
3.
Use Internet connectivity issues- It is one of the major concerns. Connecting to due
the team or attending a meetin
Low of video calling platforms for corporate discussions which are
Productivity unreliable to privacy concerns.
1.Network
Lowreduced issues leading to
engagement
Accountability decline
with in productivity.
collegues - lower levels of collaboration between them
2. Interruption due
Deferred deliverables to power outage, weak internet bandwidth etc
3. Interrupted and limited communication
onditions existing between natio
Lack
4. Noofproperly
team building.
definedLack
workingof focused
hours work. Lot of emphasis on sDemographic dividend refers to the amoun
5. low level of motivation Growth in the economy due to the change
Certain cons of working from home include:
paratively a lower demand for the same.
1. No on-site exposure
future imports as imports will nowInternet/Connectivity
be on the lower
2. Nosocializing
physical scale
Issues,
networking till things
Softwarefall Issue,
into normalcy.
Electricity Cut Down The sum amount of money (salary disburse
Less
unregular working atmosphere
hours
r factors affecting crude oil price 3. Manyissues
Anxiety things which
amongst require team effort are not done efficiently working
individuals Demographic
from home.
dividend means the growth in
ergy like nuclear, hydro, wind energy.
lack of peer interaction
dominated by Saudia Arabia and Full potential
missing officerealization
vibe is difficult The unequal distribution of income across
sand
of energy
decreasing lack
1) technological
Home gives us ainfrastructure
laidback attitude.at home
Also it is the office that intrudes demographic
home anddividend refers to gap
causes disbalance betwee
in the life
environmentally friendly resources The like
atmosphere
Wind andand Solarsurroundings also effect our work. Home cannot Demographic
give that ambience.
dividend refers to the growth
Cueand
to Covid,
Russiaeconomic
regardinggrowth Distraction,
oil supply
2. Longer
has been noa work-life
working
detrimental
hours:balance,
The
factor unhealthy
lines affectinglifestyle,
in between personal problem
oil prices and
(Russia inwanted
coIt is the
professional to potential
world
keep get of economic
supplying
blurred and
oil evengrowth
hencewith dueprit
individua
low
or oil expired and since there was 3. Difficult
virtuallytono
Concentrate:
demand forWorking
the oil andfrom thehome
resultant
easily
high
provides
storagetoocosts
Demographic
many that
distractions,
wouldDividend
be incurred,
andstates
it is easy
price
a nation's
to
of switch
oil ent
po
reasons such as countries
sources from where the oil comesshifting
1)Lower
to electric
Productivity
vehicles,
2) Many
lockdown disruptions
imposed
2. No health networking with the batch and the seniors.3) in
Can
various
lead to
parts
enormous
of the world
Demogrpahic
pa due to Covid
Dividend
19. means the ability o
ndly practices 3. Missing exposure of the campus life and events. Demographic dividend refers to the gift of p
1) Lack of on-ground supervision and efficient operations 2) Lack of Demographic Dividend is the potential for e
olitical tension(Iran), trade war,Low attention span, disturbances from surrounding, less scope of Taking advantage of higher percentage of
oligopolies of the world. HencA4.few cons are:

Effeciency of Lack of interaction
an employee dropswith peers
though restricting peer
commitment lear work
towards Demographic
might be dividend
the same.is the benefits or the
5. Due to in
Increase the large
Data number
security of people
risks due to working
addition at of home theres a lotendpoints
extra vulnerable of traffic over the internet servers hence r
es Lack
3) Highof intolerance
communications and Technological
for sitting infrastructure to support WFH can disrupt work flow
in front of a screen
4) Might alleviate misunderstanding due to misrepresentation Growth in an economy due to the change i
in the market like renewable energy
Cons of
There is working
no physical fromcontact
home include:
among the a) Increase
employees in distraction, b) Fin
Demographic dividend as the name sugge
sl speculation
trade has been
aboutimpacted
the top drasti
Reduces
countries
3- There productivity
or gulf
are network
countriesissuesthe prices
at timeof oil
andmay duevary.
to which the employees Demographic
are unabledividend
to meet is thedeadlines.
tight difference in t
ural cause like pandemic, Tsunami 4- then thereisisnot
- A household a change
an apt in the to
place prices
workofasthe crudecause
it may oil. disturbances
- Will
2) Lackbeof hard to differentiate
Personal touch work life and personal life
roducing countries 3) Extended
4. Mixture of working
professional hours&as personal life
per requirement Demographic Dividend is the dividend distr
ntries including US and China 5. Many employers do not take work from home hours of their employee Demographic dividend
as seriously is profitshours
as in-office or income
arch/ Climate change advocacy 2- Sibling, pets and family can distract from work.
er changing scenarios causing 3- logistics
Highlyand dependent
permissions on local
related
demographics
issues. for WFH essentials, like connectivity.
by the demand
di Arabia and supply of th
Some cons of working from home are
of the cons of working from home are that that we do social
not getinteraction
to actuallyDemographic
b
among peopledividend
workingof in athe
country
office refers
decreat
n lockdown in most countries hence Thereuse
4)Lack may
of of be
oil psychological
has decreasedimplications as well
motivation Demographic dividend is referred to the im
s, Market Sentiments 5)Security
Longer concerns
working hoursfor companies regarding data safety and privacy Economic growth potential that can result f
International Disputes disruption in distribution channels
of global crude
countries, oil and the
Oil producing OPEC
The
countries cons of working
4) Unhealthy Life Style from home include increased indirect expenditu Demographic dividend refers to the value o
5) Higher
4. Missingchance
Important pings/calls
of data security breach as home servers are notDemographic as secured asdividend means using the co
office servers.
of energy 5. Problem
No personalinhuman communication
contact with co-workers
Less work
Difficult life balance
in communicating Demographic Dividend is the economic gro
Loss of productivity due
2. Disrupted work-life balance to a lot of distractions
3. Strain to the eyes, or mental drainage due to more screen time Change in economy due to change in age
ncreased capacity of oil reserves 2. lead
Increased
to reduced
screen demand.
time has led to health problems in some people like weak eyesight, postural pain etc.
er countries curbing sea routes3.for Asfuel
thetransport
people are sitting at homes, connecting virtually throughDemographic apps, there isdividend
a huge threat
refers ofto data
the age
breach
str
UAE
he crude oil ( decreased due toConnectivity
2.
Covid-19 Issues, retention
Less information
outbreak) Disturbance, increased working hours, More screen time causing health issues
ving prices down. 3. Loss of the sense of community The change in the average age structure o
r factors that impact the oil priceGetting
4. Limitedtogether
humanasinteractions
teams and having group conversations gets difDemographic dividend is the categorization
mic and political situation 5. Many distractions
Lethargic attitude
Difficult for top management to monitor or measure the performance of the people working in the company
Lack of physical
2) Certain interaction
jobs cannot with from
be done teammates or colleagues
home example: sometime
Mnufacturing The classification of the population of a cou
factory
3) More distractions present at home The revenue generated due to the demogr
ditions in the countries like waReduced productivity
2) The working hoursbecause of distractions.
have increased Bandwidth
for people issues can
as the travelling It is rate
time at which
is also utilizedour
to country develops
work. This bec
has increa
also the relationship between c3) Companies have to spend more on the IT infrastructure.
demand, policy changes, use oNo proper interaction
2. Reduction in work with collegues, people are more lazy at homeThe
life balance t growth in the economy due to the chan
dly measures 3. Lots
7) of distractions
Unhealthy lifestyle through personal needs It refers to the economical growth potential
8) Many distractions When there is change in the age demogra
Russia, USA and China difficult execution for onfield firms
2. More micro managing by using user detecting software
the world 3. Problems
2) in communication
Lack of training channels, the process is not as smooth
in physical environment Demographic Dividend
as it would be in anrefers
officetobuilding
the econo
erms of US dollar currencies, the 3)rate
Breach
Integrating ofwith
of US security
dollar
people
impacts
and the
other
crude
teamsoil rates.
he rate and there is a competition
Shiftbetween
in work suppliers.
life balance
s set by the OPEC, level of Difficulty to switch off, no human contact The benefits arising from having a diverse
slowdown. AViation sector has-Productivity

lIneffective issue;
learningincreased
outcomes screen-time; more distraction; intern Demographic dividend means that the eco
and procedures
- Background
7. This has also hinderances
led to a lot and unexpected
of job cuts due tointerruptions The
insufficient availability of net value
funds across
or not beingtheable
demography of a
to meet target
prices are directly
wn operations linkedcostly.
is more to 8. People
Eye strain who
due may be working
to increase screenfrom home may not have all the resources
time Demographic available
dividend
at their
encompasses
disposal or the rid
di Arabia which is resulting in more Lesssupply but demand is not there and hence reduction in prices.It is defined as the classification of the pop
efficient
substitute like natural
collaborating to reducegastheansupply
Cons
1. ofofoil
working
Negotiating frombecomes
to increase
power home areless
prices reduced
as weefficiency and
aren't able toincreased Dividend
react to the based
non-verbal on the income
communication of the other p
ween countries 2. Extended
1. It can increasework in data thefts, especially in IT sector. Office network
hours It refers
connection
to the growth
are intranet
of the economy
connectionsthatw
2. Stress
Lack of Human Interaction Demographic Dividend can be defined as t
3. Distractions The potential for economic growth in the pe
Distractions
2. Data Security threat Dividend paid to a specific demographic
of dependent goods e.g autom 2. 3. Lack
Undefined working hours
of understanding of the aesthetic of a situation Demographic Dividend is the measure of th
by the several factors like 1 3. Highly self-motivated individuals are needed and behaviours are Bydemanded
demographic because
dividends
in anweWFH mean
constrain
the, e
ue to the pandemic >Poor
Mental unrest due
ergonomics of to lack of peers or feeling depressed working Demographic
furniture dividend
The growth potential meansfrom
derived benefits that
the dem
ndly sources of energy as compared Poor connectivity
to oil due to lower investment in internet Eg. Since India has a young economy the
ernatives like electric

ironment-friendly cars.
practices. Lack
1. Due of focus,
to internetunproductivity,
connectivityincreased
issues, work screen
cantime, lack of face
be hampered andDemographic
the efficiency dividend is determined by the
can be reduced.
rude oil. 2. There is always a sense of homeliness and do not get the officeDemographic feeling. It sometimes
dividend lets
is the
useconomic
become care
gro
1. Exploitation by employers
less person to person interaction to work for
lack of professional environment
y-by
n theOPEC
decisions of bodies li Equipment Problems, Distraction, Health problem, Work Life Balanc
countries Dividing a population on the basis of demo
1) Feeling Lonely 2) Reduced productivity for people who work be Demographic dividend implies to the benef
There is lack of the human touch. It is extremely IT dependent and one might lag behind due to no fault of his
ude oil , availability of eco frienLack of human interaction,
2) Non-working environment highcandistraction, difficult in productivity
lead to decrease managing wgrowth of the economy as a result of chang
e to covid-19 impact 3)Procrastination
2 People adaptability to accept the change
onEcoby OPEC
friendlyCountries
alternatives 3
3.Bad
Lackconnectivity
of communication Demographic dividend refers to the econom
ket which is direct alternate to Privacy
petrol/
4. Datadiesel
security car
concerns about possible leak in the data Economy that is affected by the age structu
Poor peer learning atmosphere Diversity in the demographic based on par
sources, growth in the econo Increase
1. Procrastination.
in work hours 2 Extended hours of work leading to low work-life balance. 3 Less assistance from colleag
Decrease
1. No work in lifeproductivity
balance. Demographic dividend is a measure of the
2. No time
Online limit for working and it may lead to working day and night.
fatigue Economic growth potential which arises du
Low work-lifeand
Government balance
economy : People are not going out to work, hence they spend less on transport and transp
nd for fuel efficient sources Electricity
2. consumption
No interpersonal at homeswhich
interactions increases
reduces which is not economical
networking Growth
and ability as
to office
in the
help are
economy
usually located
others due to change
in the outsk
in th
3. Interference from family members
Feeling of missing workplace, mental factors
Some disturbance due to activities in home Stock's Dividend given on basis of demogr
3. Long working hours
countries,
ractices which in turn is affe Distractions
4. Health issues
ecrease in demand Risk offrom
Work overhome working
means usage of public transport is minimal, so thats It refers
badto forgrowth in an economy that is the
the economy
d by factors such as the value1) Work
More from homeofculture
number will restrict
distraction the social skills required by anNA
for employees individual
ndemic, etc. 2) Dependency
3. Some still dont onhave great
internet internet connection, specially in rural areas. This affects their productivity.
bandwidth
modities that require crude oil, eg:-4. While
Tesla.on video
Propensity calls, someone
to consume goods and might just come
services into
outside the
the video frame.
peripheralDemographic
home environmentdividend refers
have to the growth
reduced, and the
19 situation - Over-Dependency on technology as a means to communicate.
e companies, Russia, OPEC. No human
1) lack interaction. Unhealthy
of technological lifestyle.
infrastructure at homeNo work life balance. Demographic dividend is the division of all
S, Russia and OPEC countries.2) lack of physical
1) Reduction in productivity interaction Difference created due to culture and langu
ountries
egulate (theMost recent USA and2)
supply? Russia)
Reduced Social Relation which can lead to reduction in trust Demographic divide is the Division of popu
nergy in industries Work
4. Cabinefficiency
Fever goesrisk. down as proper work infrastructure and envi Demographic Dividend refers to the advan
ecentnations
cing issuessuch
between Russia
as Iran, 5.NoTooseparation
Venezuela,
1. many
etc. distractions.
between work and home life. It means dividing people based on their ag
quantity
Arabia andof oil.
Russia. 2. Incompetence
6. Increased physical problems such as back pain because of notDemographic
and lathargy. using proper chairs.
Dividend is the benefit that a
ween countries. 7.Incapablity
3. jobs relatedtotoset up and
sales useon-site
where equipments. Demographic dividend is the income earne
visits are required may get affected
4. Difficult
3. production industries work
to segregate whichfromrequire field work
personal life may get affected
de prices is the oil productio 4. Adverse impact on mental health Demographic dividend refers to the differen
d, the gold rate and the quantity No office environment,
low accountability No socializing The economic changes occurred mainly du
fficiency of factories -low productivity
Technical difficulties do not take place
- Meetings are less effective Dividend level based on various demograp
more screen time / health issues
al disruption like that of shal Inability
-Connectivityto switch issues off from work, less physical interaction, poor worIt is a phenomenon which takes place whe
at times
-Some of the resources that might be available at office might not be available at home. For eg. High speed
Laziness
Security
Cons of working from home
It reduces
Larger officethehours
engagement of employees with each other. Sitting at home is not providing the same working
onflicts, Oil Demand, Depletin Less Connectivity
peer-to-peer problems interaction Ditribution of population in terms of age, im
Difficulty in collaborating on projects
f Oil 3. Availability of storage fa1. Data Privacy and Leakage Issues. 2. Risk of exposure of confide Demographic dividend is the benefits that a
n that decides the crude oil priThere is a limit of company's
3. the juggle of work and domestic chores resources accessible to employees. It refers to the different age composition of
rce. So its price is affected b 4. the lack of a clear distinction between home and work life The dividend that is based on demographic
ket as well, so global economic 2. factors
Fall indirectly
efficiency affects
duecrude
to surroundings
prices
3. Demographic dividend is when a chunk of
1.working from home has obliged us to have zoom calls, zoom classes,if sometimes the infrastructure is not w
C nations wants to make 2.WFM has stopped us to witness events in real for instance-if someone demographicis working
dividends
in a production
means theline,they
distribu
onomic trends 3. Exchange rat15. . Lack
Waiting of personal
for an answer connect 2. Heavy reliance on technology infr Demographic dividend is growth in econom
d demand globally because of 6. Many
Covid and distractions.
therefore prices are low
tively to decrease supply whichThein spend
turn
een in the volatility of oil prices- resulting
The transportwillon
from the
thetravel
increase
industry is reducing
price
tensionswill take
between and
a hit, Iran also
andthe
contributing thespend
US on the food
to a decrease which
in the GDP in turn is affecting
growth rate the businesses a
global oil cartels, for example the - The
OPEC corporate real estate business which is a major employer and Demographic
income generator
dividend willistake
the measure
a hit of th
and accessibility ({challengin No 1.) The transportation industry is taking a hit. It is clearly visible that there are fewer cabs, tempos and autosm
fixed schedule, expected to be present at all times Natural resources such as farming fields,
2.) Lesser
Depend onamount
internetoftomoney being circulated
communicate properly.in the market as people tend to spend much more when they a
No work like balance. It refers to the growth in the economy relat
In a work from home setup it can be difficult to form a connect wit The change induced in the economy due to
ludes the demand that is gen Lack of interaction with peers, increased screen time, no limit on When the age demography of a population
on, OPEC governance Lack of concentration, physical networking restricted Income that is earned is segregated demog
Work encroaching in personal life. Definition of working hours getting blur.
among the OPEC countries, No 3.No differentiation
distinction between of working and
work personal
and life. hours, reduced productivity due to lack in team coordination
mental Concerns, Overall Eco 4.Increased working hours
4. Network issues are a major disruption
5. Fitness and health issues as there is negligible movement. Demographic Dividend basically means pro
etition as happening currently with 2. Co-ordination
Russia and Saudi issuesArabia
- Being it could
present lead
in reality
to the crude
makesoilthings
pricessimpler
crashing. as you have the option of judging you
tant factor which affects oil prices 3. No
2. rest
as specific fromswitch
the supply daily
chain routine
offfor oilas
time i.e.compared
production
the workday andto working from
transportation
can keep an
is office.
extending Demographic
exposed to countriesdividend
that canis thebe benefits a pop
quite unstabl
er, hydro power and wind energy 3. are
2. No slowly
room for
Increase incoming
impromptu
working of hours
agequestions,
and with newer i.e. in offices
technologies
peopleproducing
can walk Demographic
cheaper
up to their energy
colleagues
Dividend
the needimplies
andfor
askoil
the
them
consump
benefit
a qu
supply; Changing Dollar Rates; 3. Decrease in spending
3.Reduction salaries payed in theapparels
on formal name of reduced expenditureDemographic of employeesDividendsuch as referstravel to
expenses
the benefi
n oil mining and refining technology4.Reduction
Difficult to trackin speding
work. on post office networking/restaurants etc Demographic Dividend refers to a booming
d, it has a direct effect on the prLower productivity.
2. Infrastructure Issues
3. No
Cannotpersonal connection
physically monitor subordinates at all times to see if they Demographic
are working Dividend
or not means the division
4. Disturbance in work-life balance if there's a lot of work and the employee has to work extended hours
euntries: The political relations of
to Covid-19 2)the
TimeDisturbances
oil producing
consuming at
tohome:
countries
explainWhile withmany
otherpeople
everything majorshave
online suchseen
as USa rise
or Russia,
in theircan efficiency,
also haveotheran have
impact seen
on the global
oppos
ountries use more oil) Keeping the track is difficult
Disturbance. Demographic dividend is the economy divi
Difficulty
4. Trust factorin collaboration.
and reduced productivity in some organizations It is the benefit to a country due to shift in a
cal factors, Rising costs due to 5. Technological challenges When the vast and diverse population of a
obal demand was at all time l Reduced efficiency, other work at home , reduced focus. It means change in the age structure of a c
2) Disturbances:
1. No fixed working time In this case, 'Work' is invading your 'Home' and therefore there are bound to be distractions
e of lockdown due to COVID-192. Strain on the eyes with everything going virtual because of workHaving from homethe right mix of demographics in ter
emand, trade policies, taxatio no personal connect ; understanding of tasks may get hampered due to technological disruptions ; time cons
on of the OPEC 3. Global De 1. 4)Employer
Delay in work expects us to be ready at a moment's notice. 2. Work Basically ho the demographic dividend means
5) lack
3. No fixed time to work
of productivity Demographic Dividend means profit earne
e prices. Infrastructural
4. The environment challenges
in which we can get inspired by others in the workplace It is the growthis notincreated.
an economy beacuse of
n of oil dropped due to worldwide 5. Alockdown.
Low sense of The
productivity loneliness
warehouseand lethargy
and storage sets in.costs of oil was increasing The which
population
also led
of the
to the
country
drop can
in oilprovide
prices a
Increase
2. Increased stress for eyes due to high screen time
distractions Favourable returns that can be derived of h
emand for crude oil in the rest 3. Loss Lack of jobs socialininteraction
the lower segment (peon/admin staff who were responsible for running the offline office spa
4. Lack of difference
- Government not able between
to utilize personal and professional
public transport earningslife Demographic Dividend is encashing the div
-Low taxes to the
2. Extending working hours government.
3. Mix up of personal - professional life Demographic dividend indicates the numbe
other industries, competition fDecrease in physical activity, Decrease in customer interaction Earning distribution according to demograp
2. Increased cost of data
g global crude oil prices like 3.
2. Unable
obesity to due meet the working
to long colleagues hoursto strategize Demographic Dividend is the benefit a cou
and import taxes, more deman 3. Increase in
2)loss of productivity screen time
untries 3) failure
2. lack of of office
certain environment
services that or work
needculture
personal meetings, the change in the economic growth becaus
major
cing countries.
countries 3.Not
2. possible
Internet for all industries.
infrastructure issues
roducing nations/ cartels like OPEC 3. Connectivity
2. Lack of personal issues touch
gy eg Shale by USA 3. Lack of infrastructure facilities It is defined as the
Lack of personal connect with people due to which there is problem in understanding the intent or feeling beh
ical decisions, Future supply Also, working from home does not act as a great motivation for the employees due to the environment at hom
tions( Covid), demand-supply fa more
Homedistractions,
networks arenetwork more likely connectivity issues, less
to fault resulting human
in higher interacwhen
probabilities ofthe structure
disruption of of age of population cha
work
No real-time peer to peer interaction ( more effort to build connections) Estimating the avg cash/money received to
2. It is some times difficult to find a quiet place where you can focus only on your work.
l prices. It is affected by suppl 2.3. Time
Removes lost in the boundary is
commuting between
saved personal life and work life.
s affecting global crude oil pri 3. Flexible wok schedule Demographic dividend is used in segregate
Can
2. Too lead to boredom
much dependence whichon leads to loss
internet of productivity and efficiency
connectivity
ctions have an impact on the gl4) 3. Lack of professional
Increased flexibility inenvironment
working hours at home
whichmight result in
has blurred thecasual
line Demographic
attitude one'sdividend
between means
professional lifethe
and categori
person
5) Minor network and connectivity issues act as stress builders Demographic dividend is the degree of dive
determined by OPEC 2. Uneven distribution of internet access to the people in remote areas The demographic dividend means
may lead to disconnection that as
issues repa
ty in demand all over the world 2) 3. Client
might
It is leadinteraction
difficult
to atodecrease over the
work in ainteam call might
the global
as there become
crude
is a oil cumbersome
lagprices. as the entire team will be bridging
in coordination due to either connectivity issues or any othe in from differ
ments might affect the global crude 3) Thereoil prices.
are certain
adversely.
barriers in the online mode like difficulty in taking assessments
ors like a war in middle east ,opec agreements ,etc are some of the factors affecting global crude Demographic dividend means the potentia
Distractions
tional
ale gas market Data of
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ussia the adequate supply of oilTeam
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of eachworkingemployee for long hours; health
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4. Internet connectivity issues which results in loss of efficiency ofDemographic employees. dividend means dividend ear
dia, Russia;
kdowns Political events;
in COVID-19 scenarioSupply
People of may
the crude
become oil less productive due to increased distractions and extra-comfortable working conditions
e to less demand and the companies There couldare thus be willing
security to issues
sell offrelated
their supplies
to data at a lower price Demographic dividend can be explained as
de oil, trade deals
producing countries 1. No difference
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veloped nations like USA and China Forgone rent for infrastructure firms
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ndlypractices. - no physical separation between work time and leisure time When the working age population is larger
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oil prices are supply of the oi 1. - ItIneffective
makes it slightly
utilization difficult to coordinate among team members inDemographic
of resources a virtual settingdividend is the growth of an e
2. Health
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producing countries Working
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jor contributors to the global crude 4.
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demand, supply, OPEC supply6)Looked qu down upon
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riffs imposed by countries and Deterioration of individuals health
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Expectation for work during weekends dividend distributed differently for varied de
tly due to the pandemic, demand 3. Digitization
has decreased is still
drastically
not completely as a result
top notch
of which
in India.
their isAsoverproduction
a result, not every and place
therefore,
is tech-friendly
prices are affected.
and not ev
eny, the
countries likenations
powerful UAE have left Lack
4.
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oil in the globalat market
the same andtimetherefore,
is proving
further
to beimpacted
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Lesser workforce due
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5) Coordination
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ermine the crude oil prices 5. Re imaging of hardware The dividend arising in a market due to diff
3) Financial trades might be stuck.
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employee's dedicationfacilities will be hampered.
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(it said the top trading nations reduce
Missing
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ach countries in South America 2) cas- Saving
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political
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instability and factional war inside The the profit due towhich
country geographical featurescrud
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ike Saudi Arabia and Iran which 3)leads
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of blockage in Strait of Hormuz which is strategicaly important Demographic
for supplydividend
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globally. as econo
Unhealthy
4. Lack lifestyle from professional setting
of motivation
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e are now switching to Electric Vehicles so demand for crude oil is declining. Large disparity in the age of the population
e are buying less automobiles Connectivity
so the demand issues,Infrastructural
for crude oil automatically
Work from home has helped people in saving their money. Problems, decreases.
Productivity Decreases
It has also
longer working helped people
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up spending workmorelife time
balance.
than what you would have in office.
o fall in price) technical issues might hamper the communication between team the mates increase in potential of a country's prod
oil prices are, the demand andInfrastructural
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-3.Not
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face with other colleagues
- Technological
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such as poor internet connectivity Any growth in the economy that results from
il -4.Impact
Sales on & Distribution
motivation models adversely affected
and concentration Segment of population in working capacity
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1) There is a problem high dependence
of the atmosphere on where
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increased
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h forces oil companies to lower their prices if their competitor slashes them at home, the demand for crude oil( for industries/ driving) has decreased. But p
nd Saudi Arabia 1. No differentiation
short Attention span between work time and personal time anymorDemographic Dividend is a shift in the pop
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$35-40/barrel
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obal crude oil are cost of pro -2) Nocoordination issue and therefore less human connect.
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endly practices - Comfortconcerns
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pply Loss
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4. Affecting
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with clients thus wayinability to provide enhanced customer service.
le can reduce crude price Lower
2) Lackproductivity.
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s a major role in affecting crude3) price
Mixing of personal and professional life
1. It increases the chance of our failure in a certain aspect liable from when a there is aview
point of change in age structure
of something else. Our in
hnologies in the Electric vehicle2.segmentOur attention span may be reduced as many people live in small It is
homes
the
Working from home comes with its own set of limitations, like connectivity issues, hardware failures etc age
and structure
something of any
is going
country.
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a cartel controlled commodity,3. where
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nd OPEC nations have also lead distractions,
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s over the crude oil pricing, US 2. resorting
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ances caused between US and3.Middle Collaborative
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India's
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Iran
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by OPEC and U.S.A. , progreHigher distractions leading to lack of productivity. Lack of physic It refers to the growth in an economy which
t present because of demand forecasting
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work in to
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past hours
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oil 1. - Increased
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has to lack drastically.
reduced of social engagement
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oducing countries 2.It has also negatively impacted the real estate industry due to less
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less employee communication
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lability and cost of substitutes Loss to public transport income, Impacting sales of automobile, LoWhen the share of the working age popula
olicies by govt of the exportingIn
countries 3.terms of the output,
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ents in alternate energy sources4. Delay in communications Demographic Dividend gives a measure of
rrent and future supply demand, Peer
3. Lossinteraction barrier, reduced social life, time consuming to schedule meetings at times due to technical g
of communication
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back attitude
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es, maximum holding of oil by one Dueboard
to Internet issues, efficiency of work decreases. Demographic dividend means the divide of
o Climate Change Research which requires privacy gets slowed down. Demographic Dividend: It can be understoo
economic growth, demand for
en point in time (e.g. USA found Lack
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the growth in
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of petrol diesel reached to -ve The was4) Beneficial
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and child
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gulate the price of oil by controlling Unable
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5. Difficulty inbarriers
connectivity maintaining work life balance
technological disruptions, subs4. difficult
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dependability on the internet connection Demographic dividend is the people, cultur
arding price, future bonds 5. No corporate
- Attention deficit physical exposure
, transportation cost, expected -3. Communication barrier Demographic dividend means returns in pr
ed by adequate supply 4. Pro-longed
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5) Boredom
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Having unstable internet connectivity leads to repetition of instructions
4. Organisations cannot keep tabs on their employees at all times as effectively or work which in turn
as within reduces
the office producti
middle east which has causes -lack
5. Home entails several other factors which may need tending to, Demographic
of lifestyle which one tries is to
used
complete
to noteduring
a change
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in t
y reduce to boost prices -distractions
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physical level of stress with peers
interactions Demographic Dividend refers to the diversi
2. efficiencyefficiency
1.Reduced reduces due to absence of workplace It is basically dividend earned by taking risk
y, geopolitical tensions and infl 2.Low social interaction
production by OPEC countries,Lack of motivation
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of factors causing difficultsuch
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as household impor The difference between the incomes and li
3) Mental imbalance of people, causing an increase
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olitical stability, Availability No

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growthover
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ar, crisis
input costsetc. 4. bandwidth
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usually taken and interactions
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norms 4. fall in to
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an immediate dividend
task to isbethecompleted,
benefit a coun
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prices are supply and demand 2. Difficulty
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face interaction with the client
onomies (Saudi Arabia has been -Businesses
- Forfound
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speed meet payment
increasing
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in the offices
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shale gas production in US - Unable
3. time beingto foster
very team
important spirit toasthose
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hierarchy, virtually
connectivity Demographic
that can
issues reduce
canDividend
lead to employee
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meetings.
ment friendly practices. 4. Managing
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and exchange of is not easy
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4) Lackof ofcommunity
instant feedback building and diversity.
Dollar and OPEC
being high quota in lower
has resulted 5)Itcrude
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prices impact as you have to be in front of the screen for It 8
is hrs
the growth in the economy due to chan
le gas and with help of hydraulic 2. Fracturing
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demand interactions
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hence turning
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e China and India are major users 3) Management
of Oil. When assumes any issues wehappens
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countries affects the work
oil prices getlife balance.
affected.
untries -- When
s due to COVID any tension happens
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from home
3- Lesser human interactionmajorhas oil
various
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like the personal
like Saudi meetings
Arabia and
with
It is
Russia
a dividend
then which
oil prices
an economy
gets effected.
gets whe
slowdown due to COVID. 4- High reliance on WiFi
1. Lack of workspace-level infrastructureand technology
nts over price 2.There
1. Dearthwouldof social interaction
be reduction in efficiency due to distractions, technical glitches and not proper working infrast
the demand There will
2. Internet security issues
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networksis theforpossible
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recruitment , trainingenvironment
issues (HR related issues) Also, a huge population with right skill set
oil prices are trade wars, conf 4.at Direct
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services by various
sector: things
office boys,going on staff, front desk etc
cleaning
green technology such as solar,-Loss5.wind
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power
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in business
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due to travel
impact
hasinfrastructure
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the global
impact crude
on the
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hotel industry and it's employees.
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motivate
answers employees
to simpleinquestions
a virtual setup
crude prices these days is du 5) Technical
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6) Unhealthy lifestyle
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ong the OPEC member countries 3. Lack of proper schedule.
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among teamsisbecause
the benefit a cou
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1. the people
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, which is decided by OPEC 3. There's
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parts of the learning.
country lack proper internet infrastructure which Demographic
may hinder dividend refers toofthe
performance growth
employee
gs nations
where crude is extracted, 1. 4.Productivity
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of resources to Thethe benefits
carry comfort
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hisvery
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large unlike
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the casein th
w
ies where majority of oil is consumed.
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interference of privateculturespace, developed in the office of
due to interference premise.
work Demographic dividend is the the value/grow
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di Arabia on the prices of crude2. Due to lay offs, more workload on the employees and hence more Demographic
working hours.
Dividend refers to the differe
affecting crude oil prices. T Higher screen time. Difference between home and work gets erased. Demographic Dividend is the benefit a cou
2. Collaborative efforts have take a hit due to miscommunication Demographic Dividend is the growth poten
ctors that affect the crude oil pr7.
3. Iffy-wifi
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endly powers
world practices 8. Missing
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to peer interaction economic growth potential that can result f
Personal
False excuseproblemswill beatgiving
home affect the productivity change in revenue with change in demogra
Thepeer
The skill development
networking is wont lost happen and issues will take a larger time - to get addressed.
The burden of diverse tasks falls upon a single person It shows the growth rate of an economy wit
Oil, Global Stability, Developmen Lack of personal interaction, Cyber security issues, Difficulty in co The benefits or changes in a company's ec
Extended
1 There isworking
some inertiahours,when technical
you areglitches
at home leading to loss
as other of time, may
members less orpersonal
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prices are demand , transporta 2 When working from home then even if you have a small doubt then you need to schedule a meeting with s
in price wars to gain market share Unhealthy work schedule
navirus 1.NoLower
work-life balance
productivity It is the economic growth that can occur fro
2. Difficult to coordinate with the team refers to a change in economic scenario of
Nolack human interaction,
of physical fitnessUnhealthy lifestyle, Distractions, Poor network, late reply colleague, missing on import
n Saudi Arabia, Russia and oth3.Lack lack of enthusiasm
of productivity towards work
iendly practices. Unhealthy
4. Lack of office lifestyle
equipment The economic growth potential that can res
upply. 5. Ergonomic issues. Demographic dividend refers to the growth
om transportaion sector, demaflexible 1) Workworkingfrom home hours, closerconsistent,
requires to family, suitable
high speed workinternet,
environmentwhichcan be available
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2) Most offices provide a conducive work environment. However the Having
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Peoplecan thco
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no more differentiation between professional and personal life may affect the Demographic Dividend means the benefits
ween Saudi Arabia and Russia,h Team bonding is easier when people are present physically
s theon
nflict crude oil prices
pricing as in caseIndustries
regulation Connectivity
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As seen
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recently,
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much an individual in a specific area e
tions in the price. 3. Less work life balance Based on that analyzing the data and seg
Productivity
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of availability extended work hours
from work
4. Negative impact upon transport sector.
2. Internet connectivity issues
countries, political events like 3. SometimesMay lead to the even teams longer areworking
not on hours
the same page
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ailability of crude oil, the com
nd of oil consumption. Oil wells Device The cons of working
need toinfrastructure
pump continuously from home
transport would
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can be include
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major oil. lack
OPEC countriesDemographic
challenge of human prox can regulate dividend
the pumping is a numerical
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, sanctions. Lack of office infrastructure to facilitate ops The benefits of having a working class pop
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sential regulated by the OPECLower Increased
c isolation with
interactions coupled with home
the team matesoffice costs. Risks
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of miscommunication Economic growth potential that can result f
stopped imports in their countries. WFH
2) hampers gets
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because theofcompany
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3) Health
Less can be
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Social capital
availability
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because each
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growth
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y will increase if there is inflation 2. inTime
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crude people
- No difference between personal and professional lifeoil will are
increase
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to manage hits.
time inDemographic
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nd and supply of oil from the OP - Extended working hours
n trade war, tensions betwe Working 3. Lack of from home
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infrastructure,
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hours
el efficient cars. 3. Increased productivity Demographic dividend refers to the ability o
onomic resources. Apart from that
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body in grows
ure supply
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company is the
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means
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is not maintained.
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Possible loss in productivity. create problems in meeting deadlines Demographic Dividend is the ratio of the nu
d and managed by OPEC and assoc 5. Erratic
3) Physical connectivity
as well as and missing
mental stressevents. The Demographic dividend is defined as th
4) Low engagement
verned by the market forces ofW 1)ork canofbe
Lack effected due to poor internet connectivity and power Demographic dividend means the compara
concentration
2) Reduced Motivation
4- Multiple Distractions
5- Informal surrounding
2. Increase in working hours Demographic dividend refers to the large a
value of currency. 3. Mixing of families
- Loss of physical interactions with work thus disturbing work life balance Demographic dividend
ment into the respective oil industry - Infrastructure
(4) Relative
(the norwegian issues
lack of discipline
govt invests in lifestyle
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oil be
industry
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xtraction of oil (5) Inability to recognize or completely empathize with your peers unless several calls are done
movement of people and transpor Lack
TeamOfwork Human is not Interaction-
very efficient the lack of Demographic dividend refers to the growth
Teams members
Connectivity issues, may lag in
India does sincerity
not have the infrastructure Demographic Dividend tells us about the e
Mental health issues: With a great number of hours inside a place it affects the mental health of the citizens
19 lockdown and inability to cuDecreased motivation, Connectivity issues, distracted environment, more difficult to manage teams
-Lower Productivity
ilregulated
resulted inbyprice
OPEC. drop recentl 2. -Inability
Employee to disconnect
productivity may be hampered. Demographic dividend is the economic adv
nctions and price wars. 3. lack of P2P meeting might lead in lack of clarity of communication.
or eg. - electric cars 2. Being confined to one space reduces productivity This typically happens when the share of w
1.3.Highly
Lack ofdependent
data and information otherwise- internet
on volatile facilitator readily available
connectivity at the workplace
This change is brought by decline in fertilit
2. Personal interaction with customers and clients difficult, Sales and Customer Relations impacted
1) There is no balance between personal and professional life.
2) There
2. Not could bewho
everyone problemsworks from of connectivity
their homeissues. are comfortable with new The income
technologiesearned by the working age pop
involved.
3.Might lack resources or access
Example: Not having backup power in case of power cut. to devices like broadband and desktops.
ly of oil affects the global prices2. 3) Less
The cultural values of company is missed out in case of work from
social interactions It is home.
the population which is in the age grou
3. Decreased work
2. productivity
ethic and in many cases
preparation It is the benefits that a reap out because of
Crude Oil
supply Prices - Distance, Production
of oil 3. Inducedor
2)Difficult Capacity,
lethargy
lacking Weather,communication Demand, Supply The increase/decrease in national income/
endly practices 3)Loss ofconcerns
security productivity Demographic dividend means growth in an
loss of productivity Demogarphic dividend is defined as the gro
4. Compromise with productivity
5. Extended work hours Demographic dividend is the scope of any
and, industrial production, econ distractions,
2. Low human interaction - Social life is put on hold due to the pandemic. in
lack of productivity, unhealthy lifestyle, no human inteGrowth an has
This economy whichthe
decreased is result
social of ch
inter
aresetc.
and promotion of green energy. 3. Poor
Lags areInternet
there during Connectivitythe work - Work and productivity can suffer due to poor internet connectivity.
iatives Some problems takes more time to be solved compared to times when it is the they
growth
would potential
have been
derived
solved from
in vario
a ph
regulation, russia opec oil ear 1. NoLess social gatherings
travel resulting of in workplace
decreasecolleagues, increased exposure
the fuel consumption and thus Economy
affecting the growth pertaining to change in ag
oil prices
he oil increases,
getting the prices
their personal willfor
interest also
2. their
4. Local
increase
Lack vendors
growth
of peeras evenwe
hashave
learning.if taken
theylimited
a hit enough
have as
supplyless people
reserves. are going to the office, so less customers
gP carbon footprints and peopleLack shifting
5. Too of much
their focus
comfort
productivity on
due leading
eco-friendly
to mixingto laziness.
energy.
professional and personal life Demography dividends is the human capita
rings about better ways to extract Inadequate
5. oil
Higher IT infrastructure
problems for logistics mayintensive
lead to disturbances
companies in productivity
n an increased competition amongst 6. Companies
2. Decrease without
a few oilspendings
producingon a good
countries digital
transportation infrastructure
who are anda part
allied find
of it very
facilities
OPEC hard to in
resulting copethe typical situation of excessive supp
also sent the oil prices into a downward This has resulted
spiral
Technological challenges for ina abrief
subdued
period economic
of time. activity leading to a strain
It means
on all the
theallied
advantage
sectorsa and
country
small has
busine
by v
Not able to network
2) Problems with team work with people
3)Lack
2. Hardof toconcentration
Switch off
3. too many distractions
nations,
Most ofDollar-Rupee
the countries exchangAbsence
have adopted2. Team theof a work culture;
dynamics
resolution istoaffected
reducereview carbonand footprint
monitoring andbecomes difficult.
moving towards Demographic
cleaner source dividend
of energy.
refersForto the
example:
dividenA
Since OPEC is regulating the supply 3. Longofduration
Working Crude
in isolationoil,
of there
work
can also has
has impacted
been huge
increase the variation
anxietyefficiency
andinaffect
price
aspect of of
mentalcrude
the For
workforce
oil. ex: Revenue from Assam Tea estates
heath.
There are also issues in operational activities of the organisation
oil prices are export/import The cons of working from home are health hazards in the absenceDemographic o dividend are the people from
ources pushes the global crudeConnecting lack of sincerity, distractions, difficult to
oil price. with clients and concerned colleagues becomes difficult. communicate with teams, Economic growth as a result of change in a
sources in few countries only, also Many pushes
factors theleading
global
There are a lot of distractions tocrude
loss oil
of concentration
price. cannot be avoided when
- working from home.
Often there
Health issues aresuchinfrastructure
as back pain, issues strainwhich crash the network
on eyes It is the potential of economic growth that is
Non OPEC nations Elongated
-Saving screen time
on commute or non value added time
tdoil prices
which ledintofuture
steepwith the development
decline -saving
in 2. Lackofon
prices of
cost
ofcrude greener
of infrastructure
coordination
oil alternatives
in international
of work among likeforoffice
automobiles
market. space
employees. 18-60 - Working population which is the m
d of Crude Oil across world along 3. External
4. Lack
with limited
in proper or restricted
factors guidance
like environmentsupply
to newly play recruited
a bigger employees
role while in the organisation.
working Above
from 60 home.- Non-working population comes
5. Due to lack of face to face meetings, communication can become a barrier.
and Demand
roducing of increased fuel Lack
nations e of Communication, Management difficulty, decreased productivity, Privacy and Security issues
2. Lack of community engagement.
3. Loss of productivity
- Technological imbalance, sincemaking difficult for certain people to Economic
it is selfitpaced. work with similargrowthefficiency
potential due
at hometo shift in p
- Remote servers
ernate energy sources (like solar power, battery powered cars) unavailable , making it difficult to access certain Demographic
data from home dividend
as well
refers to the averag
t countries Employers
Unreliable cannot Internettrack the presence of employees, or in other words the number of hours they dedicate to th
Connectivity
3) Increased Issues family time Demographic dividend refers to the econom
4) One can take care of his/her old parents and work peacefully atDemographic home dividend refers to the dividen
It can impact your mental health as social contact is going to be very less with people, some days you may o
distractions,
Difficult to get decrease
securityof productivity,
clearance connectivity
for certain issue, projects
confidential lifestyle economic growth potential resulting from a
udi Arabia's
y practices oil production, by Iran
No separation
(allegedly)
1) Less human connect between
caused acareer
sudden anddip personal
in crude life.
oil prices as well.
otive such as more fuel efficiency
f war between oil exporting countries. 2) Noor electric
fixed hours
cars of working
1. Deterimental to one's mental peace. Working from home for a long Demographic
period of time Dividend means
can cause the growth
mental issuesi
helps in lower prices. 2. It is deterimental
3. Decreased spending for the health. If you are working from home, there
India is
is a
a little
young chance
country
youwith
willmajority
be walking
of it's
a
1.4.Travel
Lower time production
is saved of goods and services
aders of the nation 2. Comparatively
3) Difficulty in supervision flexible scheduleand hands on training
erned parties 4) Adverse impact on health
g and transportation costs, poliLack of balance between professional and personal life, Lower prod Demographic Dividend can be defined as t
varying across the 12 months,We cannot switch off between the work mode and home life, the physical setting and human interaction is mi
Reduced
- Mental Healthproductivity, Demographic Dividend is the difference in
-4)Screen
monotony time increases Demographic Dividend is the percentage o
5) no real separation between work time and leisure time Demographic dividend means the dividend
Privacy concerns from the third party Demographic dividend means the growth p
overproduction, tense competi Ineffective human interaction Reaping the gains from having variety of d
termine the demand of crude oil Laziness, Lackissues
- Connectivity of concentration,
leading to lessno fixed time period to work.
productivity Demographic Dividend is the dividend calc
hicles will decrease the demand- Lackof crude
of communication
oil Demographic dividend refers to the growth
of Unions like OPEC Lack ofSecurity
Cyber social engagement,
issues in the lack
company.of peer-to-peer learning, Infrastructural constraints
Fluctuating
1. Difficulty ininternet
seamlessconnection in India.due to connectivity lag
communication
ues of OPEC and disagreements 2. between the members also affect the oil prices. Demographic Dividend refers to the potent
affect the prices. Many people in India do not have proper internet facilities or the right environment of working from home whic
creased exponentially because1.peo Automobile
The industry
environment heavilyis impacted
at home becauseApeople
not work-friendly. do not use transports
lot of disturbances and lack to
of commute any more.
proper resources Servic
(internet
portation (If a certain busy sea route
2. In order
is blocked
to connect
by a country,
with colleagues,
it will leadweto need
moreto
charges)
either call themDemographic
or connect viadividend
online modes.
shows us
This
dividends
reduces
A country cashing in on its young populatio
ke political instability can affecLack of interaction with Co-workers
Technological problems impacting work. and customers restricts the freRefers to possibility of economic growth du
ternate power sources like hy 3) Lowered
One gets morale.
motivation to do more when you look at others in office, Is the
butpotential
at home income/profits
that motivationthat
cancan be m
be low.
ke green energy eg: Solar, pr 4) Learning and knowledge exchange lowers in work from home as When
interaction
people/countries
reduces. are divided based o
1. Internet connectivity issue

2.
Low levels ofare
Distractions social
more interaction
at home.with the colleagues, low levels of The shares distribution shown as a percen
Unhealthy Communications. Growth in economy due to change in age s
PEC countries with Saudi Arabia -Impact in
3. Constant
and Russiaeconomy
screen since
adversely people will use less of transportion,
time affected the oil prices around the world. The might buy less apparel
conflict has lead orto
other essentials
excess supply requ
of o
pandemic has also adversely affected
4. Less the
humanprices.
interaction
2) Lack of official equipment Demographic dividend refers to the factor t
ctric cars, supply and demand -3)The Lacklineof has
community
blurred for interaction
extra working and no benefits are given for that
o Covid affected the prices maki --lower
Work throughput
life balancebecause of wastage of time due to technical glitches, Demographic dividends areincreased
lesser collaboration, occurrences in
distra
- Security
3. Lack of risks are there
personal touchtoo for the
- Field workcompanies
or machinerywhenthatall requires
the employees work fromskills
the employee's home and efficiency are am
4. More
2. Drive than
to bond
usual- Inwork
any ascorporation,
a person is theatemployees want to know
home so expected Dividend
one another
to stretch more asthan
per
because
the location
this just does not on
expected.
3. People finding it easy to sometimes make excuse of connectionDemographic issue or power dividend
failure is
tothe
noteconomic
work. gro
prices are 1)High demand for Cons of working from home are : 1)The people have to stay at home Demographic dividend is the different divid
cal environment and social ci Requires necessary digital setup which is not privy to all, lesser The diversity of the population
1. Loss of time due to limited availability of resources such as data,It people,etc is the economic growth due to change in
as compared to demand. 2. Disturbances
1) Loss of local businesses
at home. or small manufacturing business.
orage space due to the high production
2) Internet
2)Lesser and
connectivity
reduced in
seriousness demand
issues.
work
gment 3)No proper
People working
are having to hours(meetings
work for more hours at any time)
than required as compared to earlier when working in a traditional
Employees are facing mental and emotional stress and are finding it difficult to work in a remote environeme
ng the prices less as happenedToo much screen
-increased meetingstimetowhich
keep can lead to serious
all employees issues
on board with eyes,
because almost lack
of sudden no physical
of face to movement
face social leading to b
connect
-disrupted
Lack personal life because of no set time frame for professional
of Motivation Howcommitments
a large population of varied diversity c
No
CanPhysical
have familyInteraction
time
Flexible work hours
price war after it failed to c No human interaction, many distractions, unhealthy lifestyle, collabIt is the growth in the economy due to the c
al crude prices are, political st 3.
2. Unwanted
Furthermore, there has been
disturbances: an increase
Working from home issue of thefamily
amidst information
tendsDemographic
security,
to bring inas Dividend
it is becoming
unwanted refers difficult
to a situation
disturbances for em
and h
4. Lacking alertness: Laziness tends to surround us when we work from home and it affects the quality of ou
by OPEC;amid
il prices Shiftcovid-19
towardsleading
electr Working
More in from
to fall awareness home
pricing can tech
about lead required
to inefficienct communication between Demographic Dividend refers to the econo
d US Work
3. life and
Dearth personal life
of necessary balance disturbed
infrastructure and supplies needed to carryIt out is defined
tasks. as the potential that can be ac
4. Networking and Team building
3. No effective interaction between the teammay take a serious hit Demographic dividend is the growth in an e
so due the decisions taken by th4. Increased
Many distractions working hours because of increased availability and access to work
No growth
- Could related
impact to outsidedue
productivity of home premises
to being in a closed space all day Demographic Dividend includes the numbe
- Disruption caused
Manufacturing sectordue to family
cannot members, guests, handymen It refers to potential growth of economy due
perform
Logistics
3) peopledelivery is anisolated
tend to feel issue
efficient cars 4) people
Loss tend to over work
of productivity
ndly practices Low reliability and retention The demographic dividend is the economic
EC , the dominant nature of theData Sa Leaks, Loss of Motivation, Depression,
dly practices, shift to electri 1.Difficulty
It leadsintocommunication,
lesser efficiencydifficulty
because in of
sticking to of
the lack a routine, wifi Demographic dividend refers to the growth
motivation.
2. It has led to longer working hours for people because employers It refers
argue tothat
thethey
growth
saveinon
anthe
economy
travelling
whuic
tim
Increased working hours and infrastructure issues when there is a shift in overall working pop
d by the forces of demand andWorking from home limits the social interaction of individuals and The divide in the population of a nation on
3.Internet connectivity issues
dallautomobile
countries. & transport indus 4.work life balance
3. Integration of work place and household leads to disruption in timelines Demographic Dividend is the classification
ric vehicles and
zations such as OPECfuel vehicles 4. Procrastination
2 - Increase in the response time for IT related issues When the dividend given out by the compa
e or progressive and stable) of 1. 3the
-There
Ifmajor
livingisproducers
with a family,
no interaction of crude
abetween
mental
oil disconnect
the employees.with them even when It being
basically
in social
means proximity.
the change in the econo
al markets and also the cold 2. Longer hours are expected from the employees for working It is that part of the population of a country
price is generally affected by The productivity
-Background decreases,
noise, there are a lot of distractions, the physDemographic dividend is the change in the
disturbance.
-Difficulty in collaborating with a team.
3. leads to lack of human interaction
4. Connection issues can hamper performance Demographic Dividend is the growth in eco
4. Effect on productivity Demographic Dividend is the employable w
es producing oil
use changes in the oil prices. For 5. Learning
2) Lack
eg, OPEC from
of creation peers
has been
of deeper
increasing
inter personal
its production
bonds. Demographic
of oil even though there hasnt dividend
been a riserefers to the change
in demand . The
mand also affect the oil prices. 3) Increased chance of people being on different wavelength. Demographic dividend is the benefit a coun
oil prices are its demand, dolla1.Infrastructural
2. It's difficult to issues. 2.Disturbance
concentrate and find aand lack
silent of concentration.
spot where no familyDemographic
member comes dividend
for anyissort
the bifurcation
of work. of
country supplying crude oil. 3. It is difficult to get doubts resolved easily as there is no one to show Demographic
you physically
dividendhowrefers
thingstoare
the done
compo or
market networking,
3. There is lessnetwork issues, hardware
of employee engagement issues. majority
activities which can be useful to youth population
keep the morale of the employees
ng countries 4. The efficiency of people have reduced because they are not getting Demographic
the officeDividend
environmentis the extra incentiv
. 2) Greater distraction
ment
ntriesfriendly fuels.their end of the
not holding 3) High
tradeSpeed
3. Wavered deals. Internet connectivity not available to all.
attention Demographic dividend is the benefits that c
ew when it comes to production4. ofLess
crudepeeroil. learning
2. Being in the company of your family and thus being occupied with other tasks also can lead to a reduction
major oil producing countries. 3. It reduces the personal interaction between the teams and thusDemographic hampers the dividend
team building
refersefforts.
to the growth
n increase in the demand for Disturbance

- Network issues in routine,
if the adverse
employerimpact on mental
is in rural areas health , lack o Demographic dividend is the working popu
- Collaboration
2) and interaction
It becomes difficult to monitor among the team
employees andsuffers
reduces direct control and direction giving opportunities pf t
unrest in the country, conflic 2. 3) A Work
rise from home concerns
in security culture has reduced efficiency of the employees Demographic
due to lazy dividend
environment.
is the optimal utiliza
3. Community
some people maydevelopment
not be able andto interactions
devote 100% are challenged
attention It isdue
to their work economic
to other growth potentialatas
disturbances a result o
home
if there are because
Frustration any issues of with your laptop
connectivity or you
issues, need
builds upany other physical devices
It is the leveragefromthat
office, that becomes
a country can make a hd
sumers of Oil) Body language cannot
- Loss of jobs in various sectors be judged population in the country.
invasion of Kuwait by Iraq)It i - Lower development of individuals Economic factor which tells the growth pro
ng back of the
nations ongoing
leads pandemic,
to diplomatic 4.an
and excess
Power
trade supply
relations
outages offair
being
-A oilhampered
was
chunk created in the
of people domarkets.
not haveThis increased
backup power,supply
thoughalsosome companies have given a
- this although not as prominent 5.Mental
1. has
Sitting
impacted
infrastructure
health forecasts - A and
deteriorates recentbuying
because studypatterns.
of said thatConsumers
work-home many Indians
imbalancewant
refrain
to explore
from using
cleaner computer/study
and environment-friendly
tables that
-2.Less
Overworked
reliabilityemployees because of no fixed working hours A higher proportion of the population in the
ct on the demand and hence the - Lack
6. Lack
pricesofofcommunication
ofworking
crude oil with a team in person reduces the personal interaction level and comfort between teamm
ns of the importing countries 7. Adverse effects on body posture Demographic dividend is the change in the
Increased isolation.
Less physcial interaction growth in economy that is a result of a cha
global crude oil. The price warEUnfavorable
conomic slowdown, Delayed
working environment processes, Demographic dividend is when the populat
ferent countries Bandwidth issues This dividend could fluctuate depending on
us world of oil which means thCons 2) less may includeofinternet
chances networking connectivity or electricity issues whic Demographic dividend means that a large
nenaffect the transportation
between sectors
the OPEC countries 3) that
lessresult
2.Longer options
workingpossible
hours for
in reduction performance
in the productionevaluation
employess on daily
and/or prices basis
of oil.
es.
chnology and the availability of1. 3. less engagement
substitutes
Lack of face
in the
to face ininteraction
marketwork by employees
is also aisdeciding
affectingfactor.
the service
For instance, It isthe
theincreasing
sector tremendously
with number
and of people belonging
is demand
making itfor
difficult
electrictocars
for diffe
peo
ent times have shown how the 2. demand
Performance
for crudeassessment
prices fell so is difficult.
low thatMeasuring
they even the
wentproductivity
to a negative
The
of the
number.
population
employees
Situations
thatworking
shalllike
befrom
that
the ofone
home
a pande
enteri
is a
2. Ones's personal life also gets affected

3.
2. Employee engagement which can happen in canteen, fields gets
Decrease Productivity Demographic
affected dividend is the return you ge
market 3. Disrupts work life balance
6) Saves cost of travel and saves time as well Where working age population is larger tha
as it is the major oil producing area
ountries 7) Need
2. Increases
to get availability of an individual
into a meeting/call even to resolve small issues Demographic dividend refers to taking the
3. Inter-personal communication is limited.
alternative solutions Loss of productivity, security concerns
ry agreements
suppluy, thus, increasing pricedifficulty
-increasedin coordination, lack of interpersonal relation building, increased working hours, difficulty in managin
times in communication
ce are directly related -network
4. issueswill be affected
Productivity It refers to the potential of economic resour
5. Efficiency
Personal liveswill
ofeventually
employeesdegrade
are badly affected Demographic dividend refers to the percen
crude oil distributors and their Many
practices.
are not able to cope with
2. Lack of dedication and motivation the new technology Demographic dividend is the expected retu
3. Disturbances due to the family environment
2. Effect on bandwidth of different telecom industries Demographic Dividend is the group of peop
3. Less infrastructure to cope up with the situation Demographic dividend is the growth in an e
e accumulation of oil reserves Ilnternet used in houses is vulnerable to hackers, Improper timings,--
ABad gapreputation
in communication due to technical issues is a major problem
bility lead to higher prices. Collaboration
4. Unhealthy habits.suffers The demographic dividend is the growth ac
erendly
prices as almost all Oil trades5.are
practices Team
carried
workout is in
adversely
dollar. affected. Demographic dividend is the expected grow
pply Demographic dividend refers to the growth
Lower
de lock-down due to ongoing pandemic.
3. Many productivity
Distractions
Saudi-Arabia 4. Network
3. Lack of Productivity
and bandwidth issues disruption important meetings.
s and holding capacity for eac 4 - Field visits / client visits It is the change in the economic potential o
ries, Major events -It Technological/infrastructural limitations of the region
is difficult for people to collaborate for the group projects
s, high demand, low supply, s Techical errors like poor internet connection can lead to disruption in work.
ation was one the major factorPeople t working from home do not get to learn about the culture that is there in the organization. They don't fe
rld . Geo-Political events be Lethargy, adverse effect
4. No seriousness aboutto mental
the work health, difficult to collaborate The shift in income and economic growth t
5. Lack
1)A massiveof coordination
increase inamongon-screenteam members
time Demographic Dividend is advantage incom
which causes strain in eyes.
nsions among countries,Global2)It also impacts effective communication as sometimes we are unable It refersto to
see the
thegrowth
physical
in an
expressions
economy/count
and
affected due to disagreement Work life balance is disturbed. With unclear working hours productiv Demographic dividend is the presence of d
Not a proper work environment; It is the growth in economy due to varied a
s Expected
2) Lack of infrastructure- Sometimes, there is a need for laptops and a you
to do more work as it's considered that being at home gives comfort
stable internet for connection.
working. Not everyb
g to wealth of countries 3)
- unhealthy lifestyle as you are just sitting with the laptop without any social interactions that a particular ch
Lack of face to face communication with team mates The potential of returns
- teamwork efficiency differs while working from home
> Increase in burn out levels affecting employee mental health
global companies > Drop and
Mental in network
physical connections
drawbackscausing issues and decreasing efficiency Demograhic Dividend refers to the shift in t
-motivation
Longer workingto workhours
reducesfor employees leading to less motivation
S, Saudi Arabia, shift to elect - Increased security issues for company resources
e East, Overall demand of oi No fixed timing hence working hours can increase It is the economic
Demographic growth
Dividend is referred to the yo
Undisciplined
2) Communication workers might find it harder to settle down in a work Demographic Dividend isfrom
problems
potential that can result when the working
shifts in a population’s age
3) Daily wage
No human interaction labours facing big problems as people are working from
Demographic
home dividend means economic gr
structure, mainly when the
have also affected the global crude
Many oilpeople
prices dont consider work from as seriously as in office jobsWhen share a certain demographic groups earns
A largeofworkforce
the working-age
(our
1. Lack of communication population
population)isbut larger than the
it doesn't
2. Less accountability
no human interaction non-working-age
become demographic of the share
1 3. Low retention
distraction rate 2 population
divident until it is a skilled
lack of productivity
1. Less social interactions workforce. thus education
unstable wifi
2. Unable to separate private and training are very
1 andmissing important
professional lives calls 2 important
-3.Lack
LowofProductivity
personal touch and It means when population
interaction - The element of
4. More distractions with proper education,
2 direct
5. Can personal
not workinteraction
in groups is 2 training and skills.
missing. The change in the GDP or
Decrease in productivity, the economic
economy of a growth
country
- Issues in
increase in chances
distinctionofbetween
error in potential that can result from
1. decrease
work and in productivity
personal life: because of change in the
1 performance
2. Lot of distractions 2 shift in population
working population age. For
Disturbances in a family/ co-
Difficulty in communication
3.Lost
living of human
lesserset-up whichtouch
reliability and
can cause example, the working age in
interaction
disruptions
No social connect in work.which can CHina is old and it's an issue
0 affect
-4.Infrastructural
Badmental
lifestyle issues:
health Lack
in long of
term 2 for productivity.
updated technology
Difficulty in keeping up withat home or
issues
tasks withtime
and network might arise
1. Lack of focus
0 which
1. would
Disturbances
Long Working not happen
Hours often in 2 It is the economic growth
a2.
2.
Too much
office set-up disturbance
where
3. Lack
technology
of difference
No conducive and
between
environment
infrastructure potential that can result from
personal
4. Difficultandto professional
bridge life is shifts in a population’s age
monitored
3. Internet connectivity
0 communication
- Fatigue- gaps issues 2 Demographic
structure dividend is
can hamperConstantwork exposure basically how your population
and screen time
4. Laziness and can
procrastination is divided depending on
significantly lead
5. Unhealthy lifestyle to strain and various factors . Like 1 Age 2.
0 fatigue.
6. No human interaction 2 Marital Status 3. Male Female
7. Lack of Productivity ratio 4. Urban and Rural 5.
8. May miss important calls or Working and Non working
1 deadlines may get overshot 2 population etc
Interactions like coffee breaks,
etc are missing and would affect
some people a lot.
ItFall
is isolating: Loss ofIt is seen
in productivity-
professional
that as distractions and noand
collaboration
social
synergy bonds in the
at home workplace.
like in the work
place is present, it leadsHome
There are distractions: to a fall
circumstances
in productivity. might have built- Demographic dividend is the
2 inHealth
distractions.
impacts- No proper 2 age structure of the country's
infrastructure available at home population.
The India has
demographic a huge
dividend of
tends to impact the health of an advantage in this relates
a country directly aspect with
to
0 individual. 2a young
the population.
demographic factor of
Personal laptops, easily age for the country's
hackable population. Any shifts in the
0 1)
1.
Difficult
open
Long
to collaborate - It is
network
working hoursand work 2 mortality and birth rates of the
difficult to collaborate country will impact the
2. Unhealthy lifestyle
in tandem when we're working economic growth. Also, if
3. Intruding
from privacy of
home because thefamily
virtual more people lie in the
0 members
platforms used for 2 working class population, it is
communication are prone to a going to lead to
Demographic better growth
dividend of any
number of challenges with because of higher
country refers to how the
0 respect to network, etc. 2 employability.
entire population of the
Work from home is country is divided in terms of
monotonous. There is a lack of factors like age, gender and
0 face to face interaction. 2 so on.
Lack of inspiration
2 1.
NoManage
work environment 2
home activities and commitments along with office work.
2. Missing on the face
1) Lack of communication,to face human interaction and over all environment.
The young population
2) Not being completely dedicated to work as one feels it can be done in their comfort zone.
3) Difficulty in coordinating
-4)lower
Lackproductivity
of technology support Demographic Dividend is the growth in eco
-Issues
economy slowdown
with payments
Security concerns and privacy concerns The economic growth potential that can res
the crude oil producers, there needs
4. Decreased
to be consensus
activity - when
on things
one like
works
price
form
equilibrium.
home, one Otherwise,
tends to only
theymove
will end
around
up reducing
in the house
pricesand
in order
work too
It is important to note that escalations
5. A person
between
also interacts
China and more,
US and
is more
a suspected
social andthird
hasworld
interesting
war affected
discussions
crudeand
oil prices.
not justThis
restricts
is because
oneselfw
4. There is a communication gap, since sometimes face to face communication is required.
e global crude oil prices are t 5. In any workspace a team connect is required, which is very hard Demographic
to achieve while
dividend
working
refers
from
to the
home.dividen
It alludes to the relatively younger populatio
The change in the age structure of a count
n by Demographic Dividend? What are some of the factors responsible for Britain exit
Autonomy for trading.
due to change in demographics Due to their identity, they felt that they were less integrated to
ved based on demographics (place). Britain having to follow EU trade rates, lower return on trade
ty and mortility rates brings changes in age structure of a country. Thus the growth in the economy is
onnection at home
omy that is brought about by shifts in its demographics such as :
Britain
eople in the working population vs in the retired
1. High existed
population
amountstheofEuropean Union
funds being to enjoyat
transferred more Autonomy
regular of to
intervals Operations and
the EU that Trade
britain can instead
eople in differet income classes 2. Wishes to have the freedom to frame its own trade policies with other countries and not abide
to distractions at home, absence of the bosBritain, when part of the European Union was bound by trade la
economy of a country that is directly relat There were
It wanted it'sheavy benefit packages
own governing body that the UK had to pay to o
Ease of trade
end is related to the population. It shows h1. Increased
1)Conflict immigration from European countries. Those peopl
of trade
2) Border of UK is not connected by land to other members of EU
able to go about their day to day activities, as. lot of those tasks were interaction based.
Their national identity
omy that can due to the change in the age sThey felt less integrated to other European countries
Factors responsible
loans it need to give are :
to poor countries, own debt, unemployme
1. Less autonomy on their trade practices
on output and productivity 2. Less freedom with respect to job and income opportunities
3. Liability to the other members of the union, including financial liabilities. Eg - Bailing out Greec
wth because of demographics factors like aFeeling of Britons being separate from the EU.
ge of the population. For India, it is favo Feeling of nationalism,Euro crisis and Stagnant growth.
it that a country has of having a large populhuge influx of migrants from EU, UK having to contribute a h
ountry's economy as a result of change in age demographic of a country is called demographic dividend
Britain was against
Immigration EU's
of people free
from trade policy.
European UnionBritain wanted stricter control of its borders and keep a
into Britain
ing means the growth in the development ofEU exercising increased dominance on power over Britain
1.
Age Britain
of pays millions of dollars per week for European budget which caused dissent.
growth potential resulted from shifts in a Due 2. to voters
increasing
stringent tensionnature
bureaucratic regarding theEuropean
of the percentage of share hurt
parliament in British exporters
Education level
3.
TheInflow of migrants caused problems in welfare schemes
'left behind'
wth potential that can result from shifts in a Britons felt less integrated with the EU than other European citizens
end isavailabilities
rvice the growth potential that
etc. will be can results
effected Some of
if complete the factors
lockdown Britain left in
is excercised theturn
European
effectingUnion are because
the survival of a society and the economy at large
Britain wanted changes in EU.
tructure of people, mainly to form a majori Disengagement among the people had been one of the reasons
war room" like environment, considering howTo gain
the control
ideas over its borders
are explained more lucidly.
omy due to shift in age structure have exclusive trade deals and practices
in a classroom, becaause of various issues such as internet connectivity, application latency issues etc.
Britain left EU due to
end of a country is the growth as a result ofExcessive regulations
- Britain considered EUunder European
agreements onUnion. They
trade to not left European Union
be sufficiently for Monetary
beneficial for Britainbenefits a
orate meetings and the productivity of the employee
end is the shift in economic growth potential- Britain wanted to have control of its immigration policy
turbances can be caused in between the meeting or some important work. Also, working at home might not be as stringent as working in of
Some of the factors that are responsible for Brexit is that ther
m or attending
privacy a meeting gets difficult which internet connectivity issues.
concerns.
proponents of brexit believe that staying in EU does more harm to the UK than good
migration crisis of UK- since people from the rest of europe settle into the UK
end refers to the amount of profits received1)
UkLack of trade
exporrts are regulations .2) Heftytoamount
adversely affected the rigidtoand
be paid by Brit nature of EU
bureaucratic
nomy due to the change in demographic comp Uk has to give a lot of money to the EU as contribution
1. Britain didn't wish to abide by certain policies that fell under EU and wanted to manage by its o
f money (salary disbursement) that goes in 2.t The government in power wished to take this step where in majority of the country was not in
end means the growth in the economy caused Movement
Factors
b was in the theare:
responsible Europe
Britain
Educational feeling
level exploited as it has to give more and returns were less from the union.
bution of income across people belonging British did'nt want to share their insights and revenue to help other relatively poorer european co
Job opportunities
end refers to gap between the income, living1)
Age of voters said that Britain would be better outside of the European Union.
Advocates
end refers to the growth in an economy that2) Support for Brexit (British Exit) was higher among older and less educated population.
f economic growth due to a demographic sh D2.ueFurthermore,
to demographic theyand cultural
thought factors, education
immigrants level,cause
were the main UK' behind terrorism and social uphea
dend states a nation's population age struc 1)
3. Britain
They also believed that being a part of
having to pay a huge sum every year the EU was violating their sovereignty as they couldn't
dend means the ability of the population to c2)
- Britons felt less integrated with the EU than other European citizens. for Britain.
The bueuracratic style of working of the EU created a lot of problems
end refers to the gift of population changesIdentity and change.
dend is the potential for economic growth that arises due to an increasing share of the young labour force in a country relative to the older, l
of higher percentage of young people in theThough Britain contributes a lot of money in the form of fees to
end is the benefits or the increase in the The

same. problems
3. After pertaining
conducting to employment,
a voting inflow ofBritain
among the citizens, immigrants, c that their citizens were not hap
found out
internet servers hence resulting in regular band
4. Britain
width
Britains was
exitdrops
fromabid
and
EU bywas
network
rules of issues
European
primarily which
because Union
then and
of thedistracts
it didagreements
trade not
the get
concentration
the among
liberty to
of
theimpose
the employee.
EU. its own
The traderul
d
There was also an evident shift in power seen from individual countries to powerful
The main factor was security. Britain wanted to resolve the issue of immigration and regaining th bureaucrats
omy due to the change in average age of thVoting
1) Needintofavour of BREXIT
continuously also the
finance contributed largely to
other members of this
the step
EU's taken by Britain.
bill every week.
end as the name suggests means the dividen 2) Britain wanted to change its immigration policies and that was not possible under the EU.
end is
meet thedeadlines.
tight difference in the number/volume 2-or The
density
EU ofwaspeople residing
burdening in particular
uk with geographical locatio
more regulations
3- There were too many migrants coming to UK and hence loss of jobs in UK market
1) Immigrants facing difficulties to stay in Britain
dend is the dividend distributed demographica 2) Britain
2. Britain,isbeing a part
one of of EU,lucrative
the most has lessdestinations
rights over for
its economy
different businesses and companies. Citize
end is profits or income that comes in from 3. If Britain comes out of EU, they can save hefty fees and create a super-charged economy like
2- Populace unrest about European Union, widespread unrest and distrust for rest of Europe.
3. Hopes of the English to save their dire financial situation post the exit.
end of a country refers to the benefits that The
Themain reason
citizens for BREXIT
of Britain felt thatisemployment
that the countyratehas
wastodecreasing
pay a lot as many jobs were going to peo
end is referred to the impact the age and p Wanted to have separate trade from the EU
potential that can result from shifts in a po Major reasons were flaw in the structure of EU that was further
end refers to the value output given by segA2)major factorfrom

Migration for Britain's exit from
EU to Britain the Economy
- PIGS European Union (EU)
endservers.
ce means using the countries population esp3) Bureaucratic nature of EU Parliament
dend is the economic growth potential that can result from change in the working population when share of
2. EU's failure to address economic problems arising in the region
my due to change in age group of a country. 3. Political Ideology of the right-wingers
1.
5.Increasing
They wantnationalism
to focus on and jingoismgrowth of their country following the Singapore model, i.e.
accelerated
end refers to the age structure of a country 6. also, the competitiveness among the countries of EU is also a factor.
g health issues Greece
1. issue, Immigration,
the demand Fisheries
for more freedom limitdecisions
to take on UK, Pound vscountry
for their Euro, Lost English Identity
average age structure of a nation 2. the desire to have a separate identity
end is the categorization of population intoRestriction of sovereignty, leveraging better employment cond
The British sovereignty was threatened, the immigration problem of EU
orking in the company People were European Union were increasingly settled in UK th
of the population of a country based on different age groups and its impact on the economy
rated due to the demographic age groups in the country.
ur
to country develops
work. This becausestress
has increased of thelevels.
shift The amount they were paying as a contribution to the EU budg
economy due to the change in the mean ag1. The people

Feels in the
it had country
to pay morefelt
forthat
EU britain was paying more to
2. Perceived
nomical growth potential that often results due
4) Brexit
to a shift benefits
will in
provide is lessathan
the population's
Britain thestructure
greater
age cost
power over
(especially
immigration
whenandworking
borders
age population 5-64 year
nge in the age demographic of a country especially
5) Resentment
towards started
increasing
english national identity after the
more2008
youths,
financial
therecrises,
is increase
whereinthe
theEuropean
economy.This
Central
is termed
Bank failed
as Deto
education level
dend refers to the economic benefits the coun
To follow all the rules and regulations of the EU put on extr
1) Education
2) Voters
g from having a diverse demography. Britain believed that it as a country is self sufficient in term
end means that the economy has grown due There

t were
-Wanting immigrationeconomy
independent issues inandthe autonomous
country, and control
Brits thought
over itsthat they will be able to keep the
decisions.
ss the demography of a country - EU
2. Theback
UK deal
alonewith NortherntoIreland
contributes most of the trade with other countries in the European Union and
end encompasses the different factors which 3. Additionally,
Profit sharing withthe EUGBP aswill
mostalso
of increase in value.
the revenue is generated by the Britain for EU.
classification of the population as per thei Free movement of goods and services among European nations which hampers the revenue co
the income They cannot
2. They levy
aren't able taxes on much
to sell the countries for trade outside
of their products which are included
EU, in Europe
where their profit union
marginand also th
is higher.
wth of the economy that is a result of the 3. High influx of migrants into Britain, which in turn hurts the job markets for their citizens
dend can be defined as the benefits that a nation yields
1. Unfair dealontoaccount
Britain of its demography
conomic growth in the people of the country2. Millions paid by Britain as contribution to the budget
specific demographic Trade policies
dend is the measure of the population as per age. It gives the estimate of available workforce in the count
vidends we mean the, economic dividends >and Notparameters
being able in toterms
take itsof own
the demographics
decisions of the country like age, gender etc.
end meansfrom
al derived benefits that a countrystructure
the demographic has dueHigh
>t Superiority
of annumber
economy complex
of is
immigrants
known in as
people
from residing
europeanin
demographic Britain
dividend.
countries.
as a young economy their s greater scope for High
development
contribution astothethepopulation
EU Budget is more employable.
end is determined by the how the population Britain no longer wanted to contribute money as a part of the
end is the economic growth potential which takes place when there is a shift in ages of population, especially when the working-age popula
middle eastern refugee crisis
african refugee crisis
on on the basis of demographics for exampBritain did not want to conform to the deals made by EU. Ideolo
end implies to the benefit that an economy can reap from the strength of its population, i.e. the size of its workforce. India has a huge workf
hind due to no fault of his own. Communication is hindered because the body language of the speaker/listener goes out of the equation
omy as a result of change in age structure People of Britian
2) Migration felt less
resulting integrated
from with which
Middle East, the other EU countr
resulted in changing migration policies of Europea
13)It Britain thinking
is believed thatwas
britian because
losingofoutEUonlimits its capability
big deals by stayingof functioning
in europeanthe economy.
union
end refers to the economic growth of the cou 2 Extreme beauracratic structure of EU
fected by the age structure of a country England felt that the contribution given by them to European U
mographic based on parameters like Age, Gender, Area and other factors.
assistance from colleagues and reportin High
Immigration
taxes paidcontrol, rise inas
by Britain thecompared
income level
to other members of the European Union.
end is a measure of the employable youth 1. in
Increase
Increase in labor
immigrants
migrationduefrom
to lax immigration
European Union policy
whichof the European
in turn Union.
is affecting job opportunities for th
potential which arises due to shift in popula It
2.could
Britainnot
is establish
not being aable to set
unique prices for
monetary its commodities the way they want.
policy
There were issues of unrestricted migration
nomy due to change in the population structure of the country
iven on basis of demographics Britain is not getting enough benefits in return while its contrib
Britain was having issues with the trade and employment policies
n an economy that is the result of changes in age structure of country's population.
Britain's argument lies on the fact that when they were part o
s their productivity.
end
nt refers
have to the and
reduced, growth
therein an
is aeconomy that is the
steady decline result of amade
in purchases change in the these
towards age structure of a country’s p
industries.
Culture, Freedom of trade decisions, Power hungry mentality,
end is the division of all the entire data un Age
Adding of voters,
cost onEuro is a disaster
Britain's economyfor to Britain,
bail outEUandprevents radic of the other non performing Euro
for the welfare
due to culture and languages. Britain receives less than what it contribute to the Union,
Majority of the countries of European union were facing financial taking acrisis
toll on its own economy.
, because of the burden w
e is the Division of population of basis of t Another important reason was increase in people entering UK from underdeveloped EU countrie
dend refers to the advantage that a country1. h Freedom to carry out trade without permission from EU. 2
eople based on their age. Increased
1. protectionism
Britain losing autonomy among many
over its countries
borders of world,
and overall Britain
control of fthe country.
dend is the benefit that a country's young 2. Increase
EU imposing too many
in migration rules
from andcountries
other regulations impacting
to UK business
since that cannotactivity in the country.
be regulated under the pac
end is the income earned from a particula 3. Trade disadvantages as free trade laws have to be followed even if it is unfair for the UK.
The biggestPolicy
1. Migrant country in part
- As the European Union, Union,
of the European it felt that
UKbywascatering
boundand solving
to permit the economic
immigrants probc
into the
end refers to the different age group popula2. Trade Practices - There were a lot of disagreements with other nations in EU regards to the tr
nges occurred mainly due to change in popu Independence to make
It has to pay millions own decisions
of pounds each week
The bureaucracy hurts british exporters
ed on various demographics factors - Britain wanted to develop its own foreign trade policy
n which takes place when majority of the por
1. Loss wants
-Britain of jobstoinpromote
Britain 2.it's
Concerns about
own goods. largeEuropean
Under chunks ofunion
m British goods faced competition
me. For eg. High speed wifi, photocopier etc.
-Grater autonomy in making decisions and more security at borders.
viding the same working environment and the efficiency of employees are not same. Moreover working from home is taking more time to co
ation in terms of age, impacts education a High contribution to EU, regulations, losses,
end is the benefits that a country earns when

Britain was seeing unfavorable terms within Eu due to disparit
rent age composition of the country that r Free movement of the workers hindered the Britain's economy
s based on demographics is called demogrthe European Union is a block of a number of European countries which was formed with the ob
end is when a chunk of a country's populatiThe EU was an economic union which catered to the needs of its
1.people from britain were left unemployed, migants used to get jobs.
ends means the distribution of the total pop2.Economic resources were used by people not from Britain-hurting the citizens of Britain
end is growth in economy caused by high pe 1. To create a different economy from EU 2. Drive its own polic
ffecting the businesses and the tax collection by thecontributing

- Britain govenmentaisdisproportionate
decreasing amount of funds to the EU budget in comparison to its re
end is the measure of the economic contribu - Britain being restricted by the EU trade policies and unable to have control over its own econom
such as farming
abs, tempos andfields,
autosmines,
on the rivers
roads etc
these days. This has lead to drivers being laid off and resulting in unemployment.
much more when they are outside. This impactsIncreasethe ingroups
migrateslyingfrom
in the lower
other incomeofstrata
countries the most. Union into Britain.
the European
wth in the economy related to the change inLack of control over the bureaucratic process of the EU.
ed in the economy due to a shift in the age One of the reason that Britain exited EU was due to the political sentiment in the public at the tim
mography of a population shifts to working class individuals, the economy earns demographic dividend due
ned is segregated demographic wise It is a Super Power
Britain had to pay a huge sum to European Union for being a par
eam coordination Loss
To have of employment
control over for UKborders
their residents, Immigrants, trade issue
To strengthen immigration rules
1. They realized that the dependency of the EU on them was very high.
dend basically means providing dividends ba2. Without the EU they can grow a lot and also extremely bureaucratic nature of the European p
1. Britain felt that it was not always fair trade and they were covering for other failing economies.
end is the benefits a population reaps beca2. There
Brexit will
wasgive Britain more
a possibility that autonomy
big economies in decision
such as making
Britain,asFrance
there isand
lesser regulations.
Germany would Ithave
can
dend implies the benefit of having a large woDifference
3. The people of Britain
of norms believed that
of parliament andtheits benefits of the EU
representatives were outweighed
between by the cons of the
EU and Britain
dend refers to the benefit a state has due 2. Heavy payments
Perception thattransfer from Britain
British economy to EU
would be better off on its own than being within the framewor
dend refers to a booming working populatio 3. British residents voting for Brexit by 51% majority
1. Britain was not getting the benefits as per its investments in EU
dend
ot means the division of a audiences bas2. 1. The
Peoplejobsfrom
created
outsidein Britain
Britainwould
from thebe then taken to
EU, come byBritain
many to non-britons
take jobs which leaves less emplo
ork extended hours 2. Even the government is not able to realise the revenue that it would have been able to withou
er have seen the opposite this is due to theImpact
4)fact
Political
thatonwhile
reasons
their being
economy at home, there can be a lot of disturbances and other things to attend to w
end is the economy division on the basis o Export and import laws
a country due to shift in age. People live lo Britain felt that it was losing out being part of EU as it had to
diverse population of a country acts as anGeo-political factors, Britain's aspirations for emerging as a
n the age structure of a country due to chang More
1) people
Having migrating
to comply withto the
Britain
same fortrade
employment.
laws & tariffBritain felt EU
as the th
bound to be distractions/disturbances due 1. to
2)Migration
various
Having elements:
tofrom
openother
their
Family,
countries associated with EU to Britainlaws
doors chores,
to immigrants,
other commitments
in line with EU's in search of better opportunities s
x of demographics in terms of age, gender 2. Several restrictions were being imposed by EU on Britain regarding trade policies with other E
l disruptions ; time consuming to complete tasks; effectiveness may get hampered
ographic dividend means the growth in the The UK citizens believed that remaining in the European Union
dend means profit earned from a particle targ Britain
1. UK hadhadto more
pay resourses than other countries
very high contributions in the Europe
to the European Budget
an economy beacuse of changes in age st 2. Large Immigration
amount problems
of tax which UK had to pay the EU.
he country can provide a yield in terms of 3. EU becoming unstable as more countries such as Spain and Greece going into recession.
s that can be derived of having such large di1.
Low In Employment
order to adopdt opportunity
a seperate forcurrency
UK Nationals,
system Problem withcountries
from other E of the EU so they can hav
2. In orderBritain
Currency: to bring in some
wanted barriers
to have to trade
dolloar which
as the wouldcurrency
standard lead to increased
of the EU,revenues
howeverfor Britain.
majority o
dend is encashing the diversity of the count Britain had a mindset
- Trade restrictions that since it is providing largest share of funds to the EU, so it should have
- Geography of Britain
end indicates the number of people in a country that are willing and able to work.
n according to demography Higher lag on its economy due to retired population
dend is the benefit a country gets from ha Britain had various reasons for wanting to exit the European Un
1) the Britain had to pay a huge amount every period to the EU
economic growth because of the changes i 2) the relations with the countries in the EU
As a part of EU< Britain had to pay certain sum of money to the
Britain
1. wanted
Better controltoofcontrol immigration as they see it as a threat
its borders
2. More autonomy to negotiate with foreign companies
the intent or feeling behind any decision made by a person.
o the environment at home which is very different as compared to what they used to get in the offices when everyone in their surroundings
of age of population changes and the ecoThe EU waslike
- Countries benefiting from Britian
Greece(crippled more than
economy) wasthe other
also waythe
under ro blanket of EU
cash/money received to household as per - General notion of British people being superior to other europeans
Britain felt that it was contributing more to the European Union

end is used in segregate the market as peBritain wants to become an independent nation, previously du
end means the categorization of the populat Its economy was subdued due to the cumulative effect on the EU as a result of problems plaguin
end is the degree of diversity that exists in a group of people with respect to their age, gender, culture, etc.
dividend means
disconnection that as
issues a cyclebyoffew
reported populations,
associates.we have a higher population of (18-25) year olds who can become a part of the workforce.
be bridging in from different locations
ctivity issues or any other factor. resulting
2. They
in thewere
1) Britain'sdecrease
also not
agreementof with
efficiency
actively
the involved
and over
European inUnion
spending
the political
of rights
implied time. and decision
no barriers making
between which was
the countries dom
in term
2) This agreement also imposed certain restrictions on the type of trade Britain can do with othe
end means the potential benefits to an economy due to change in population structure where highest share of population is in the working a
structure of country
or value added by different age group of a Citizen
Britain of UK not getting
is looking jobs indevelopment.
for economic UK; Companies in UK preferrin
end means dividend earned through employabl Britain wanted to have its own supreme discretion in new policies or law making.
Due to free trade policy, the people from the countries under European Union used to occupy for
end can be explained as the benefits of h Britain was unhappy that it di not have freedom to leverage i
end means the premium/benefit of having a demographic
Problem in the age group of 16-35 (working population).
of immigration
Trade to remain
Demographic open Age
factors- for allofEU countries
Voters,Educational Level
age population is larger then the non-work1.Principle thatnot
Britain did thefeel
decisions aboutinUK
as included theshould be taken
European Unioninas thethe
Ukother European countries.
2. The rising sentiment of nationalism in Britain.
end is the growth of an economy as a result Britain had huge migration of people from other European countr
ized based on the age group. India has theBenefits from European unions are less when compared to contribution of Britain
the overall growth of the economy due to a greater increase in the number of the working class of peop
mic growth due to change in age structure ofMajor factorfrom
2. People wasother
to have
EU acountries
trade freedom.
makingTo usehave its citizenship
of the individual trade policies.
criteria to take away all the jobs
end is when only certain regions of the coun 3. Increase in the population of individuals from other
3) The steep contribution to the EU budget that Britain had to makeEU nations in Britain
growth potential that results from a partic 4)Migration from PIGS nations skewing Britain's welfare laws.
Britian had to follow the policies implemented by EU for their tr
onomic growth a population of a country. Immigration is one major concern for Britain's exit and other is
d differently for varied demographics annual fees;lack of security
tech-friendly and not everyone is having a Some
seamless of the factors responsible
experience working atfor Britain exiting European uni
home.
roving to be tough. Not only because of theBritain
clashes
Lack ofwas
ainLanguage
one
activities
of thebut
heaviest
because
barrier spenders
within of
thelack
UKof
in the EU
"me"budget.
time orAnd time spent with co-workers to reduc
end means the growth that can be driven bHaving its own strong currency with Pounds against Euros
ng in a market due to difference in the se Britain is a country that has been particularly termed as an Im
Britain had a significant financial contribution annually to th

end means the ability of a market to be divided effectively
b - balance into several identifiable segments with distinct characteristics.
of power
eographical features that can be reaped fora)
c - Migration
political leadership
policy of EU which was not supported by Britain.
end is defined as economic growth potential2.
b) migration
Trade policies
from of
EUEUin which
Britainwas seen as unfair to them by Britain.
3.Unfair
1. EU regulations wereamong
trade policies disturbing Britain Exports
the EU.
he age of the population. 1) To not be a part of trade policy ofrates
2. Trade restrictions and low fixed makingUnion
European tradewhich
unfavourable.
does free trade across European Un
2) Follow its own tax structure
ential of a country's production due to incr political elitism, economic growth they felt was hampered, they
end is the benefit due to the demographic strBritain's exit from EU is due to the demand, export, political and global factors. The ability to gen
Referendum.
They
2. always want
Increasing a different
migration towardscurrency
UK fromand a special
other status.
european countries leading to job losses for local
3. Bad
2) A loteconomic policies by other countries like Greece put the country into economic conundru
of immigrants
economy that results from a change in the 3. 3) Cut
Companies under
expenditure onEUEUregulations could notunnecessary
initiatives deemed exercise as by
much
UK freedom as they liked
ation in working capacity. 4. Taking
-Britain control
pays of homeland security
a disproportionately and criminal
high amount to thepolicies
EU budgetwithin the UK
of working class to non-working class popu1) -Britain believes
The past immigration
reason is impacting
as a personal identity its domestic job scenario
end means dividend data collection on the 2) It will have better economic oppurtunity
1. People in Britain felt that their job opportunities were going away to non residents.
dend is a shift in the population age struct It2.has
EUto was
payletting in refugees
millions of poundsfrom
as aNorth African to
contribution countries.
EU If Britain stayed under EU, then these
There was a culture and welfare compromise on the part of Britain because of migration from EU
2) It did not have an identity of its own
ends refers to the part of the total househol3) It felt that the profits of EU were not shared in the ratio of the investment
English national identity
wth potential that can result from shifts in a Trade regulations
nomic growth is dependent on the demograph The financial crisis of 2008 made Britain believe that there would be greater economic benefits if
ange in age structure in countries population1. due to low mortality
the payment of hugerate whichofresults
amount moneyinfrom
growth
the in econom
side of UK and not getting much out of it. Brita
ure of any country. It
hardware failures etc tells us about the p 2. The inclusion of Israel in EU. all countries in the EU have a provision to move freely between
productivity of employees
end refers to the growth potential of a counPayment
MigrationtoofEurope's budget,
people from otherbureaucracy of European
European countries parliam
to Britain was hampering the productivity.
British exporters were being hurt by the policies of EU
he economy on the basis of its demographEU is a group of countries which are governed by same trade
ic dividend is the population strength in terms of higher numbers compared to other economies.
wth in an economy which is impacted by chA lot of immigrants from other countries leading to loss of jobs for local citizens. Monetary contrib
- Hefty monetary contributions that Britain makes to the EU, but the corresponding benefits bein
- Lack of cooperation in the EU countries
people living in a particular area based Trade issues related to benefits and subsidies
different sets of people having different demographics. This diversity in demographics is Demographic Di
the working age population(15-64) is largerLeaving EU meant the market freedom, decrease in the govern
n of our capacity. Also field like marke Policies by Trump
2. To generate more employment opportunities.
dend gives a measure of different parameter3. High costs
1) Britain wasimposed
restrictedbyfrom
the creating
EU to maintain membership
deals with other countries because it was bound by the UN
times due to technical glitches. 2) Britain not getting due credit and employment opportunities though they are contributing the m
end refers to the growth in an economy becu one factor was that the decision pertaining to UK should be
end means the divide of regions. Jobs (A lot of people felt that people from other places are taking their jobs)
dend: It can be understood as a positive vir Overall Loss in being in European Union (people felt that due to a lot of Bailouts for countries lik
end refers to the growth in an economy due2.toRising
a significant percent of
unemployment in its population being in the working
Britain.
hind acquiring dividends from utilization o The
3. Britain
fore most important point thatfrom
not getting much value has the exports
triggered thetosentiments
other EU nations.
of people of Britain is that the an
people of a country based on different trait So, it was like that Britain is paying for the economical weak countries of European Union. Britai
end refers to the growth in an economy that is the result of a change in the age structure of a country's p
s wealth due to shift in the population demographics
2. Inabilitysuch as age,
to claim gender,
complete etc.
autonomy over its policies
3. To gain discretion over tax rules, visa policies etc.
end is the people, culture and the nationaliDifference of opinion between the EU and Britain and the curr
end means returns in production and GDP-2. fTrade limitation

Autonomy faced by the British as a member of European Union
in decision
3. Interference of EU
end refers to the advantage that a country can get because of the distribution of its population.
• The extremely bureaucratic nature of the European parliament was hurting British exporters
dividend is the accelerated economic growth• Thet Leave Campaign argues that Britain was losing out a big deal by staying in the EU.
in turn reduces productivity Local British citizens losing jobs to immigrants from other countries.
ed to note a change in the age structure o Britain was shackled
-Bureaucratic nature by
of the policies
European of parliament
the European Union for
esult of economic growth by changing ag 1. -Migration from the European
Lack of autonomy over tradeUnion
tariffsinto
andBritain creating an imbalance in the welfare schemes
regulations
dend refers to the diversity prevailing due to2. Ambigiousness in message delivered to the public
end earned by taking risk after buying st 3. No taking charge of responsibities
ween the incomes and life styles of variousTo ensure that there is a proper duty structure for the imports
end means the people of the country. Trade agreement issues, consensus on pricing strategy, deprive
Britain was contributing millions of pounds to EU without availi

end is the growth in an economy due to chan Britain has to make heavy payment each year to be a part of eu
improvement in growth of a country when Britain under
2. Having thethe EU had to
obligation to bail
tradeoutunder the market
the other weakerpolicies o
economies against the benefits of the count
dend refers to the diversity of the populationIncreased
3. Lack of operational
Nationalismindependence
end is the benefit a country can reap due tMembers
Propaganda- The big
of Europe red bus
could easilywhich
worksaid 350
in the UKmillion
due to pounds
which were sent
citizens of to
thethe
UKEU. Claims
could which
not get job
The Uk wanted more autonomy in deciding its labour ,immigration and trade poilices.
-Freedom in Trade (Imports & Exports)
--Operating businesses
Large payments in an independent
to by made by Britain to manner
the EU as per their policies
dend refers to an
d to extended economy reaping benefits - Significant immigration from PIGS economies into Britain putting an immense strain on their we
meetings.
Britain never accepted the complete control of the European control over British institutions.
Britain politics had always been skeptical of deeper integration with the rest of the Europe
he economy due to change in the age structure of the
2. They werepopulation
the highest monetary contributors towards the EU
ication skills 3. Most of their jobs in UK were occupied by other EU citizens and hence UK citizens couldn't ge
ch an economy gets when its population Britain was paying a large amount to European Union which were
UK performing better than other EU countries, especially the P

end is the possible economic growth , usual Britain wanted an independent governance. It wanted different
lation with right skill set would be human capital that builds up into other forms of capital and development with time.
Some
- Thereof was
the factors responsible
a difference are on
in opinion increasing immigration
immigration policies in
between the EU & Britain. EU wants
- Finally the issue of Euro vs GBP, the conflicting currencies made Britain certain that exit was th
end is the resultant growth of an economy 1) due to the structural

Immigration checks change of age structure
not in accordance to EUof guidelines
the populati
he economy as a result of change is age st 2) Own trade policies
3. Higher number of older citizens voting for an exit.
dend is the benefit a country has owing to itSome
4. Increase
Factors in were:
a more nationalistic sentiment, instead of an inclusive one.
dend means dividend on the basis of demogra Sharing of resources, tax submitted by few of the economies were more while the benefits were
e demographics creates opportunities for f.
end refers to the growth in an economy that is thewanted
Britain result ofgreater
a change in the age
autonomy and structure of a to
did not want country's population.
be weighed down byThe
thechange in interest
constant age strucp
ery large population in the working age. Moreover
2. Migration it wanted to keep union
from european a check
wasoncreating
the influx of migrants
imbalance from
in the EU who
welfare would visit the UK for
schemes.
end is the the value/growth that a particular3. Diplomatic nature of the european union was hurting the british exporters.
2.Exploiting of UK resources by migrants.
3.
dend refers to the differences occurring du 1
dend is the benefit a country will get from hLots of factors such as they want independent rules for themse
dend is the growth potential of the country as a result of change in age structure towards higher working age population as compared to non
acing issues if they are in a zone where network connectivity is an issue
potential that can result from shifts in age structures
Britain had a different currency from EU and wanted to stay away fro their financial policies as we
with change in demographic It hopes to generate better jobs for its own citizens rather than give it to others in the EU
-
h rate of an economy with respect to the c Trade Restrictions
2) Britain thought thatin the European
they Unioin. more to Brexit than benefitting from it.
were contributing
anges in a company's economy because of 3)Britain
c felt less connected to EU than other companies.
working this leads to distraction and reduces efficienty
hedule a meeting with someone to know about that issue but in workplace you can do that very easily
3) The bureaucratic nature of European govt was causing problems to British exporters
growth that can occur from shifts in populat 4) Migration caused imbalance in welfare schemes
in economic scenario of a country that canLosses to Britain, as it was consuming more than supplying
ague, missing on important ping Britain was missing out on big deal if it continues to stay in EU
wth potential that can result from shifts in age

2. structure
In supportisfor
known
Brexitasbeing
Demographic
strongestDividend
among older and less educated voters.
end refers to the growth in an economy that3.isEconomics, Sovereignty and Political Elitism.
cost of commute to offices, better savingsUnfair taxation policy, Majority of trade coming via britain as
n segment which can contribute positively towards development is called a demographic dividend.
dend means the benefits accruing to certainEU states or countries
nations will havedue to their
to follow a demography.
lot of rules and the decision making process is too long.
Britain is one of the major contributor in Military power too and Britain feels it will be better by its
dend is the rise in the GDP because of the improved demographics of the country i.e. when the working age people are more than the depe
vidual in a specific area earns on an average.Non-agreement
3. UK complained on that
tradeEU laws of import
favors some and exportover others.
countries
alyzing the data and segregating the data basedThese onwere
the average
some of income.
the reasons towards BREXIT.
1. inflow of immigrants.
2. excessive expenditure in affected countries.
Control
1. Income over their own policies in terms of immigration and security. Britain was bound to o give m
ant increase in the working age population 2. Less employment opportunities for locals
end is a numerical indicator of how much diBritain
Anotherwanted
major more control
reason of UKover its tax
exiting the rates,
EU wasforeign
it waspolicie
not willing to take directives from someon
ving a working class population could yield Many people criticized the money being poured into EU could have been redirected towards NH
uctures of the population resulting in inc additonal burden of other EU countries not performing well. im
potential that can result from the shifts in a population's age structure mainly when the share of the worki
end is the mix of age group that are presen1) One of the
There main
were reason
many for Brexit
migrants thatisused
migrant immigration
to come in britainpolici
due to EU that used to imbalance som
the capital is distributed between different 2) It was affecting britain exports in a negative way.
wth potential that can result from shifts in 1.Open
Britain left EU because
economy- it felt
Under the that
EU allit had to fund other
the countries hadcount
to open the economy and all free trade of g
antage refers to a situation where because of 2. Political Influence- The politicians emphasised that the benefits that they got because of EU w
end is the population which is in the work Britain as part concerns

3. Increasing of the EUforwas responsible
health for various norms,pric
due to introduction of medical illnesses by migrants.
4. Ease of access to EU members to visit UK without any visa resulting in losses and safety con
end refers to the ability of population to contribute in a country's economy.
end is change in grows as a result of chang In European union there are some kind of rules like they have
end refers to the growth in an economy that is the result of a change in the age structure of a country's population.
end is the economic benefit when the percentage of working class/age population of a country is more th
ns to relate with the geography & dividend The
ca pole results for the population by Therasa May which went as per 51% for to 49% against is
Britain did not approve
1. Unfavourable the free to move in Europe law. Due to
trade policies
dend is the ratio of the number of old age peo 2.
Desire to 'take control' ofconverting
EU's pressure on UK pound
their political andtoeconomic
euro, because the EU
laws which members
they felt had thought it wascont
been remote unfa
dividend is defined as the positive effect of Differences in Opinion about what the EU is meant to be
end means the comparative advantage India

Separate
h trade routes and rules. Closing its border.
2- Britain thinks the Bureaucracies of EU are partial.

end refers to the large amount of Human r 3- A lot of people from other countries in EU (PIGS) are settling in UK and thus reducing the cha
1. Britan
- They contributed
had to pay taxmore
to thethan
EU what it got from EU in return i
n bed -
(3) Britain wanted to establishtheir
They wanted authority over trade policies
its previous control over its land borders and Water ways.
s are done (4) BREXIT
one reason was meant Britain being
migration. there free
was from
hugebeing answerable
migration to from
of people the EU Norms
europe to and only addressi
Britain.
end refers to the growth potential that a co Also, Britain wanted freedom to make stronger trade deals with other countries.
dend tells us about the earning capability High Immigration rate, lack of job opportunities for its citize
al health of the citizens
manage teams Immigration
British citizenspolicies, tradetodeals,
also have competelawswith
applicable
migrantsto from
the enti
EU countries for employment as there a
end is the economic advantage that can be2. Britain
Lackalso has to comply
of independent withthat
deals common trade
could be practices
done by UK dueas ato
member of EU and had no say in c
EU rules.
3. A belief that people from the union come and occupy the job of the locals.
pens when the share of working age population 3. Theis more
Euro than
currency
the non
wasworking
a disasterage population.
ought by decline in fertility and mortality rates.
4. On
2. Britain couldthat
matters have its own
affect immigration
Britain, people ofsystem
Britainoutside
wantedEU the decision making power to remain w
tions impacted 3.
d by the working age population which leadCultural Factors, Decided as per Referendum, National Integra
which is in the age group of working age. Large proportion of money that Britain was paying EU for being the part of EU.
at a reap out because of its population Lot of migrant were coming to Britain from other EU member countries which led to in efficiency
ease in national income/dividend that a counEuropean
2)UK could Union
keeplaws state free
the money movement
it currently of labor
sends to theacross all this in very huge proportion
EU which
end means growth in an economy which is 3)EU the entrenches corporate interests and prevents radical reforms
end is defined as the growth potential that can result from shift in a population's age structure, mainly when the share of the working age po
end is the scope of any potential growth that may happen due to a change in population age structure. It shows growth when there a more
omy whichthe
ecreased is result
social of change in age structure
interaction. Education
1. Concerns level,
withAge of voters,
migration Britons
- Britain wasfelt less integrated
concerned witto high inflow of migrants from less p
that due
connectivity. 2. Britain
Britain was of
wanted to the
takeview that decisions
it's own it is not benefiting economically
and not comply from
only with the
the EU. It was
decisions concerned tha
of EU.
ential derived from various demographies. The share of money Britain used to give to EU as funds was way too much then the benefits rea
ertaining to change in age structure of coun Identity & change or feeling different from EU, Level of educat
2. It was concerned about the terrorism and intruders.
ends is the human capital of the nation, ForIntegration
3. They alsowith
wishEUtoled
revoke theircompetition
to more immigrationforpolicies.
jobs and resources for British population from pe
Britain
2. wanted
No trade to have more
boundaries among control
all of over its immigration
EU members and
was not its bordersto UK
acceptable
3. UK felt EU regulations were burdensome
2. The richer blocks had to account for the poorly performing economies in the bloc leading to d
ntage a country has by virtue of having a lar3. Trading can still be continued on a bilateral basis thus not impacting the trade in the long run
Immigration
High charges but less benefits
end refers to the dividend earned by a section

2. Britain
of demography.
didn't want to economically support smaller nations of European Union as their econom
rom Assam Tea estates directly depend on3. the
Britain
produce
wanted
of Tea
to be
in that
the center
year. space for trade in Europe and they felt getting out European U
end are the people from the various econoThe citizens of Britain felt a disconnect in their identity as op
as a result of change in age composition ofHigh
t
Britainimmigration
was under rates, limited autonomy,
the impression loosenedwas
that its economy trade restrinfluenced by the other participants
being
Because it came out as a hindrance, Britain decided to exit from the EU.
f economic growth that is decided from fa The factor
Social that UK wanted to make decisions for itself,It was a
factors
Political
-EU's factors
yearly membership fees
-Failing
opulation which is the major contributor to the
1. GDPof
Trade ofother European
restrictions
the country. economies
prevalent on Britainlike
asGreece
a part of EU
orking population comes under the purview2.ofRising
dependent
debt of
population.
EU due to certain under performing countries.
Britain was on of the major contributors to the European Union
Security issues
potential due to shift in population age of a country especially the working age population.
end refers to the average age of citizens in a country. For India, the demographic dividend is pretty low - meaning that the average age of t
hours they dedicate to their work. 2) High payment to be a part of European Union
end refers to the economic growth that canBritain
3) EU contributing
policies weretohurting Britain exporters.
major portion in EU whereas the population is less as compared to other p
end refers to the dividend given on the basiEmpowerment of countries like Germany and France
e, some days you may overthink because of this.
potential resulting from a shift in age struct Britain was required to pay some million pounds weekly to the
1) Britain wanted to revisit its trade polities with other countr
dend means the growth in the economy as Some a2.reAmount
people of believe that britain
money that EU was dysfunctional
paid to EU, wasas annot
also economic
acceptable to them.
untry with majority of it's population is in 1.3.Loss
Influxofofjobs
immigrants
to locals due to large influx of migrants aggravator.
from EU countries was also an
2. Wanted revised trade policies with EU
3) It considered itself at a disadvantaged end of a trading deal with the rest of the European Uni
4) It felt that the rest of the union was bringing down its efficiency and growth prospects
dend can be defined as the difference in i Feeling of high EU intervention in trade and political scenario
human interaction is missing. CooridnationThe idea that EU is financing the bad givernment decsions of
dend is the difference in the working force aBritain exited the European Union as it wanted greater sovergn
dend is the percentage of people in a particBritain thinks itinisease
3) Increasing the largest contributor to EU so it shoul
of immegration
end means the dividend (benefit )received 1. by
4)Age of the voters : majority
Population wasn't aware about of old agethe vote was for
what
end means the growth potential of a countr2. Local population felt resentful of the European Migrants coming in to take their jobs
from having variety of demographics as a Freedom of being independent economy, exiting from the boundaries and restrictions of policies
dend is the dividend calculated on the basisBritain wanted it's own set of trade rules because it believed th
end refers to the growth potential due to shift in populations age structure
Burdensome regulations by EU, Too Liberal towards Immigrants,
dend refers to the potential of a country to grow if there

2. There wasis aa divide
shift inbetween
the population's
the olderage structure,
generation i.e.,the
and anyounger
increasegeneration
in working-population as
working from home which might impact t 3. Political reasons also led to this, many supported candidates who were hard Brexiters
mmute any more. Services of ola, uber have also been impacted.
end shows us dividends based on the demograp Britain was not getting the prices that were justified for its g
in on its young population and improving its growth rate on its strength.
y of economic growth due to changes in a EU Tooallows
manytoo many immigrants,
regulations imposed. after Brexit Britain can have
ome/profits that can be made by a certain Greece & Spain situation handling, led to losses.
tries are divided based on demographics. De European Union was formed as the countries wanted free and easy
ution shown as a percentage distribution ovUK Risewas not in favour of sharing it's resources with the EU, wanted to invest them in it's own coun
of nationalism
y due to change in age structure of the cou Political reasons
or other essentials required to work from office
end refers to the factor that signifies how The European Union countries, along with the benefits of being
High influx of citizens from various countries of EU, Growth of
ends areincreased
boration, occurrences in a country
distractions etc. that enjoy
European Union decisions were mostly dominated by
ome 3. Not good relations with the other countries covered under BREXIT
4. Different ideology from the other members
end is the economic growth that may resultThere fr were some major issues.1. Competitiveness; 2. Jobs; 3.
end is the different dividend charged on peo Factors for Britain exiting European union are 1) Britain wante
e population Britain being the maximum contributor in Revenue sharing and bu
growth due to change in age structure which Constraints
m regarding trade and tariffs.
1) Higher unemployment rate of the local British population.
2) Lower export
3)Feeling prices
of getting for British
ignored goods.
and not respected
n working in a traditional office environment 4)To get better control of immigration and border policies
in a remote environement
l movement leading to back issues and weight It wanted to implement its own rules and regulations with resp
ation of varied diversity can be leveraged to get the optimal utilisation of the resources which is the human asset .
Britain
Has to wanted to give
pay millions its citizens
of pounds eachbenefits
week asin trade
contribution to European budget
Migration for other countries to Britain is in imbalance
he economy due to the change in the age sThe bereaucratic nature of Europe hurting British exporters a
dend refers to a situation,
nted disturbances when
and hence there isthe
reduces anconcentration
3. States
2: With the trade
feeling benefits
and their
sincerity given
sovereigntyamong
towards be
work.the EU, Britain believed that it was losing out because of
challenged
affects the quality of our work. 3: Consensus not reached even after discussions
dend refers to the economic growth of a country due to a shift in the age composition in the population of the
potential that can be achieved by shift in populations age structure
2. EU threatens or population gender structure.
British Sovereignty
end is the growth in an economy that is the3.2. To have their own trade deals on immigration
UK wants to impose restrictions
3. To take control over the national borders
dend includes the number of people in diff Britain believes that it has to pay millions of pounds every we
l growth of economy due to change in population's age composition.
Migrant
1) Britanpeople residing
being one in developed
of the Britain. Initial Investment
countries of EUwhich is required
they were payingathuge
start amount
of everyto
year
the EU, e
2) With the ease of movement of labour within EU countries, there was huge migration from EU
Sovereignty
dividend is the economic growth that may result
The second reason for Brexit is the rise of nationalism across the world.
Trade deals being unfair for the Britain . Also immigration is le
end refers to the growth in an economy that The
is bureaucratic nature of the European parliament hurting British exporters
wth in an economy whuich happens because of the change in the age structure of the population.
ft in overall working population of a coun More control on trade and migration of people from other count
opulation of a nation on the basis of age Britain wanted a greater autonomy over its own affairs and the extra expenditure that it had to inc
dend is the classification of the different d Defaults by other European countries which demolished the fina
given out by the company is not discriminated for any
2 - jobs shareholder.
were taken up by non-British individuals who moved there only for jobs and hence harm
the change in the economic growth of a cou3 - an independently governed Britain would be economically stronger
population of a country which is not able They were losing a great deal by being a part of the EU and th
end is the change in the economy of a countryThere were a lot of regulations imposed by the EI and as a re
dend is the growth in economy because of tSome factors responsible for Britain exiting the European Union include identity, culture, indepen
dend is the employable workforce available 2. in the country. The people in EU could relocate to any other country without Visas and permissi
Immigration:
end refers to the change in income a country 3.
2) They felt making:
Decision some of The powereconomic
the social of decision making lies
decisions with
taken bythe
EUauthority and hence
would negatively Britain
impact had
Britain,
end is the benefit a country will have depen3) They felt that their monetary and other contribution to the EU was much more than where the
end is the bifurcation of our population into1.different
Changeage groups.
of Prime Minister who did not want to continue being a part of the European Union.
end refers to the composition of the populati2. It did not want to abide by the rules of EU in terms of trade policies.
They
2. Notneeded
happy some reforms
with the policies of EU
dend is the extra incentives given by the gov3. Pretends to have more economic growth as a free country
2) Greater autonomy in deciding economic policies
end is the benefits that can be derived fro 3) Britain felt they gave more to the EU than they received from the EU.
Britain used to contribute 10B $ as a contributing fund to the
end refers to the growth that a country can achieve due to its demographic structure. Basically, if a country has most of its population in the
1.The migration from other member countries of European Union made it difficult for the Britain g
end is the working population of a country 2.The trade restrictions imposed by the European Union on the member countries were not feas
end is the optimal utilization of working age population of the country i.e. from 18- 60 years old. This population can be channelized toward
wth potentialatas
sturbances a result of shifts in demographics like age, gender.
home
office,
hat that becomes
a country can make a hurdle to your
depending work
upon theif productivity
you are unable to go to office
of the
country. The share that every
- Political and buerocraticyear Britain
problems hadintothe
provide to EU
EU with UK was very high
hich tells the growth prospects that can ha - Immigration from EU
companies have given allowances for installing 2) Dominance
them, the vastby countries
majority like Germany
still lacks and France
inverters and generators. The rainy weather in many areas
mputer/study tables that leads to heating issuesTherefor waslaptops.
a referendum
Many ITinprofessionals
which peopledon't voted
use
forquality
Britainchairs
exitin in comparison to that of their offic
n of the population in the working age brackThe unwillingness to line the pockets of EU more than other
Major factor for Britain exiting the EU was the decision of the voters as more than 50% waited in
end is the change in the growth in the econMisallocation of resources by the European Union.
Outsiders were taking jobs in Britain
y that is a result of a change in the age heirarchy of a country's population
end is when the population of the country cThe contribution of major revenue towards the European union
d fluctuate depending on the demographicsOther members of EU taking advantage of Britain by coming to se
end means that a large fraction of the popul Britain was feeling that it was not gaining anything by being
1. People of other EU countries snatching opportunites from the residents of the country.
people belonging to different age groups w1. 2.Britain
Britainfelt
feels that
that thethe trade
laws deals and
governing thepolicies laid down
trade within by the
EU were EU to
unfair does not give
it, they it opportunity
felt that they had n
t shall be the one entering the workforce is 2. Britain also felt that the taxes being charged to them were higher in comparison to the other m
An autonomy of taking decisions by Britian

end is the return you get based on the age Providing job to the citizens of britian
e population is larger than non-working age of population. Basically increase youth.
end refers to taking the advantage of variousBritain
1. exitwanted
Britain from EU was longwith
autonomy coming. EU's
respect majorand
to trade economy
did notcontr
want to follow the regulations of the
2. Britain wanted to continue using pound as the currency instead of euro.
Britons felt less valued in EU as compared to the other countri
urs, difficulty in managing a virtual workfor There is lack immigration
> increased of consensus on various issues like data sharing and privacy of data. They are still
ential of economic resources to contribut > Bureaucratic Eurpoean power not providing autonomy and hurting exports
end refers to the percentage of youngstersThe thatvolume
is the number of people
of people below
migrating age offrom
to Britain 40 are considered
other countriesinwas
demographic dividends.
affecting the employability of
end is the expected return from the rising orBritain was feeling disassociated from EU because of multiple issues or differences.
dend is the group of people with 15 - 60 years of age in the population.

end is the growth in an economy that becaus
Over compensation by UK in EU
--
The
Theincrease in the nature
beureaucratic rate of of
unemployment and exporters.
the EU is hurting the taking up of jobs by the other members of the
dividend is the growth achieved when there3.
The
i Losing
welfare
outscheme
on many bybig
thedeals
Britain has cause a massive inflow of migrants taking undue advanta
end is the expected growth in the economyAge
4. Highly bureaucratic nature
of voters,education level,ofthe
EU'order versus openness' divide, the 'left behind'
end refers to the growth in an economy thatBritons
is felt less integrated with the EU than other European citizens, Identity and change, Englis
Dysfunctional economic entity

the economic potential of a country when Rise of nationalism
Immigration,
2) Migration Autonomy
from the EU (decisions to is
into Britain becreating
taken foranUK by UK itself),
imbalance in the welfare schemes done by th
3) Extreme bureaucratic nature of the European parliament is hurting British exporters and affec
ganization. They don't feel motivated to w The trade fight between the Britain and EU is the main reason to exit.
e and economic growth that can be caused Migration
as problem,
3.HIgh amount hi value for Britain
of fees
dend is advantage income factor due to dive1)More
4.Tradeautonomy
among EUovernations
its businesses.
wth in an economy/country because of a ch 2)Improve the trades.
end is the presence of different diverse deBritain exited the European union to gain better autonomy over
economy due to varied age structure.
1) The growing sentiment that UK wants to protect its borders. There has been an influx of peopl
urns that a particular change in demograph2) UK has demanded reforms in the EU
> It does not want to pay loans or help the finiacially weaker EU Countries
end refers to the shift in the age structure> Britain wants to renegotiate its border trade rules with the other countries on its own terms, no
- slowing EU economic growth
- higher contributions
Sovereignity of UK
was another to EU Many
reason. funds British laws were subsumed or replaced by laws of the
dend is referred to the young population(ageThere is also a lack of accountability for the bureaucrats that run the EU which was another fact
dend is when the working population is great
The Leave Campaign of Britain believed that Britain was losing
end means economic growth because of change inpay
It had to population
millionsstructure
of poundsofeach
country.
week to EU as a contribution to its budget.
mographic groups earns on average a certaAs a result britain is loosing more than its gaining.
1. To get a status of freedom
2. To improve the economic
2 conditions of Britainto
pay huge amounts 1
European
1. It has tobudget
pay lot each weekto
of money
imbalance of welfare
European Budget every week.
2 schemes
2. People migrating from 1
other European countries to
UK is creating an imbalance in
1 welfare scheme of UK 2
1.Couldn't accept the
bureaucratic nature of the EU
2.Migration is creating an
1 Loss of
imbalance
3. Britain has to pay millions
of pounds to contribute to the
2 There are many factors
EU budget 2
responsible for Britain exiting
the European Union. One of
the factors is the nationalist
sentiment among the people.
A sentiment was carried away
that the people from different
2 countries are coming
uneven revenue to britain
generation
and taking away their jobs.
Also, There was a huge
propagation from the
Autonomy
opposition and the marketing
of Brexit was very effective
too. All these factors were
2 very important
Some factors responsible for
Britain exiting the European
1) Immigration
Union are Policies
the high levels- They
ofto
1. Huge
wanted amount
to curtail to be paid
their
regulations
European that
Union Britain
every had
year to
immigration
comply with policies,
being an but
EU the
2. MigrantUnion
2 European workers hadtraveling
direct
member.
from other There were
countries ina Europe
lot of
control over
restrictions it.
on movement of
to Britain.
2) Membership Fees - A large
goods
Theseand services,
workers availtrade
benefitsand
amount
so on. of
Also, membership
there were fees
issues
from
was the Britain
charged government
byborder
EU from
on
and the national
send a huge chunkfront.
of it to
Britain.
Britain is of countries
the view that
their
3) home
Fisheries - The fisheries
exiting
3. Freethe EU policy
trade will give it a 2
surrounding
better strategic Britain, the EU
position
was
globally in terms of trade,and
formulating policies
hence,
economic there was nogeo-
strength,
2 autonomy
political strength and it will 2
provide the required functional
autonomy to its country and
2 borders. 2
1. Immigration
dend is the growth in economy due to a shift in the age structure. If the working force of a country is larg
wth potential that can result from shifts in aAge of voters, identity of British, Migrant crisis.
n the house and work on desk and then back to bed. In a working from office scenario, a person will definitely walk more, and be more acti
not just restricts oneself to work. This leads to intellectual discussions on various topics.
Feeling of unequal membership fees as per the size and population as compared to other memb
end refers to the dividend avaialable for t One of the
- to put biggest
a curb factors
to rising for Britain
levels exiting the European Uni
of iimmigration
atively younger population in few countri --people considered
The people voted this to be a boost for the economy
age structure of a country's population re - existing financial relationship with EU
How will BREXIT impact India? How can India ensure that it's demographic dividend does n
It will effect the trading.
India's export will be affected By creating more jobs for the unemployed youth, by improving t
Trade rates with Britain might change, need to follow new guideli
By making policies that help each demographic. The policies sh
Brexit will help india in increasing its trade relations as well a Youth of the country can ensure demographic dividend is a succ
Autonomy of Operations and Trade

Earlier, Britain served as the bridge between india and the eur This can be done by ensuring that the current working populatio
The exit of Britain from the EU could be impact the Indian economy in the sense that the existing goods traded between the cou
All the preexisting trade contracts with the EU, will have to be renegotiated with the UK separately. Visa restrictions will be high
Yes, new trade agreement
Now that Britain is no longer a part of EU, India can sign FTAs By ensuring that % rise in GDP is more than % increase in popu
The trade deals between UK and EU will affect India
India trades both physically and via stock exchange with the United Kingdom, as well as varied European Union Member count
It will impact export market of india
India will have to sign free trade agreements separately with U.K.
Brexit will further strengthen the ties between UK and India, since UK will have more autonomy when it comes to its job market
Start providing vocational courses and make more work from ho
It will negatively effect the strength of rupee and oil prices. India's demographic dividend is around 25 years.Thus we have
india will have to renegotiate their trade ties with UK as the s India needs to ensure proper education, skills training and oppo
Indian companies who have a base in the UK will have limited access to it as compared to before resulting in higher costs and
India can take measures on resource allocation and educating t
wanted stricter control of its borders and keep a check on illegal migrants entering
Skilledthe country.across demography can prevent such disaste
workforce
BREXIT will impact Indian trade to EU as well as britain. Britai India has the highest youth in the world and by making this wor
opean budget which caused dissent.
It can
arliament hurt leadexporters
British to decrease in trade deals, weakeing of the operatioImparting skill training and other incentives will result in the eff
Need to change education system
schemes Promote manufacturing at large scale
BREXIT will cause impact on Indian Companies having operations
Development of unorganised sector
BREXIT will impact India in the way that as of now India only haIndia can ensure that its demographic dividend does not turn int
With the BREXIT implementation, India will have to pay higher tMaintaining the population structure, providing the right educatio
There
BREXITaremay
many Indian
impact companies
India wherein based in UKtothat
the exports themight not India
UK from eby giving employment
may increase to it's working
considering ageof
a closure population
ties of theand
UKmaking
with th
The requirement for outsorcing from India may increase for the same reasons.
y left European Union for Monetary benefits and an Autonomous status It can ensure this by utilising its changed population structure m
Brexit will directly have an impact on bilateral trade agreementsThis can be ensured by providing ample employment opportunit
ome might not be as stringent as working in office is.
Brexit has created a global turmoil which has affected many countries like India. Some of the Indian corporate companies have
Indian based companies, in UK who used UK as a gateway to the Ensure

rest of
more
the meaningful
Europe for further
job creation
revenue
in the
generation
economy.and expans
India will have to work out new collaboration strategies with UK Focus
and theonEUupskilling the people entering the work force or peopl
Brexit willharder
it will be Lead to
tocompanies
immigrantswhich have
to settle plants set up there ne1Give
in UK Creation of SME andtoMSME
due importance to ensure
education employment
at primary, opportuni
secondary and hi
flow of students, travel industry have been affected as well Focus on creating jobs in the manufacturing sector
1. Maintaining unity among its demographics will help each state
at fell under EU and wanted to manage by its own. 2. The Central government by not being biased against any com
ep where inIndia
majority of the country was not in support for the same. 3. Equal
has many ties with UK for trading due to its strong legal base rights and laws
and enforcement for all its citizens.
practices.
and returns After
were Brexit many
less from theIndian
union.companies might not enjoy the same freedom
India canand
ensure
access
thattoa certain
demographic
resources
dividend
like they
doespreviously
not turn into
ha
nue to help other relatively poorer european countries
It might lead to decrease in trade between India and Britain an by up skilling the population and giving everyone employement
It was the largest export market of India and so it will have a si It must ensure that youth is provided proper training and is read
UK and India have been strong trade partners and due to brexitIndia should focus
3. Therefore on skill
the need development
of the for its and
hour is to reskill youth and ensure
upskill young
1. India could look for a favorable trade policy with UK and nego4. Furthermore, the necessity to address employment concerns
Indian companies which have a base in UK had easy access toIndia
r European citizens. oth has to provide appropriate education, healthcare and train
India should generate more employment opportunities in the thr
labour force in a country relative to the older, less-productive part of the popIndia can introduce the Population Control Bill to cap the expone
After the Brexit, Britain will try to improve its relationship with Provide better education, skill based training, and health facilitie
India's trade with the UK will be affected because of Brexit. Bu India has a very young population with an average age of 26 ye
India has a trade tie up with nations in the European belt, which also belong to the European Nation. After the exit of Britain fr
BREXIT caused an instability in Britains economy which reduced its imports from India. Items like tea and spices have seen a r
After Britain exiting BREXIT, India's exports are going to be se India needs to retain the youth that is majority of its population
Many indian companies have set up businesses in Britain and EU To ensure that the demographic dividend does not turn int a dem
Many companies
2- It will in the
also affect India, invest
Indian in UK based
business whichcompanies as compar
are operating Measures taken by the government to provide adequate levels o
in UK.
3- There may be a chance that dues to this some Indian firms grab free market access.
India has had friendly relations with UK and companies like TataIndia can ensure that it's demographic dividend does not turn in
Different countries present in European Union have many trading 1. Governments planning for economy 2. Central Banks' moneta
With the UK under so much political strain from all sides, BREXIT Education andsee
might also Skillsome
Development.
sterner changes in the English way of h
Consequently, the BREXIT is bound to cause negative repercussions Promotingas well
unityfor
under
the English,
adversityhence
in all India
casescan expect to benefi
BREXIT opens up the possibility for Britain to enter into
as decreasing as many jobs were going to people who were not from Britain trade India can ensure that by making sure that its population is given
1)Indian IT companies with European headquarters in the UK would India need
has totoensure
spend that there is enough
on infrastructure andjob opportunities
staff anda en
for setting up
2)India has been negotiating a free-trade agreement with the EU Skill
fordevelopment
almost 10 yearsin order
and to
now
increase
will needemployability
to rework itsofstrategy.
young poA
Rise in Import prices
The UK would
Indian is a long term
also trade
need partner
to make of India.
a new free Ittrade
has agreement
been a stabwith
India
UK can ensure avoiding demographic disaster by maintaining
Depreciation in GBP, also affected some companies earnings By providing Education, Training & Healthcare
Before BREXIT the European countries could import and export the goods and services without any additional fees. But after B
India now needs to have new trade rules and regulations with Brita As India has the highest number of working-age population in th
BREXIT
1. reducesties
UK business thewith
number
Indiaof financial
have been services firms
good in the thatages.
past are allowed to operate
so UK act in the of
as a gateway UK. Some
India financial
to enter firms
other may withdra
countries of EU
2. India is one of the biggest exporter of goods including textiles,
India,
machinery
along with
etc having
. Thereacan
hugebepopulation,
decreased also
exporthas
rate.
a majority o
Pound vs Euro, Lost English Identity
Since india invests heavily in UK as compared to other EU count Welfare
Recently, India is in talks with the European Union for prefer Unlike countries like China or Japan where the population is agi
ration problem of EU
Since UK would require some trading partners to fulfill its requirements, India can step up and strengthen its trade relations with
Brexit will impact India in a bad way. Due to brexit, the visa and immigration laws of the UK get changed in adverse manner. Si
India might benefit from BREXIT by creating new trade relationships with Britain
BREXIT can lead to the weakening of the Rupee Currenly, India is a youth nation. Majority of the population in In
India has a huge investment in Britain, more than entire EU combi By ensuring proper education and training of the youth to be abl
Britain
1. wasgetting
Indians the largest
visa export market of india with it leaving the India is a country with a huge youth population and a average a
2. Indian companies working based on London/Britain has exports to remaining parts of EU
Currently India invests more in Britain, than the rest of the wo India is blessed to have one of the youngest population in the a
India has the biggest advantage of demographic dividend popul
The Brexit would not directly impact India, but it may affect In By investing heavily in Human development of its citizens.
Restricted trade dealings in the remaining European Union. India can focus on the following aspects to ensure that the demo
Brits thought that they will be able to keep the jobs of Britain for the people by creating more jobs and making sure that the youth is healthy
India has a strong relation with England and its exit will exclude itself from all the benefits of EU coming India's way.
The impact on Brexit on India will be in terms of the free trad India is blessed with the advantage of a demographic dividend w
India enjoys liberty in trade restrictions deployed by EU on trade with india. When Britain will be on its own, then there are chan
which are included in Europe union and also there are certain generic rules and laws that
2. Support apply to then being
entrepreneurship a to
so as part of eumore jobs
create
After Britain's exit from EU, Britain will look to India for meet 3. Invest heavily in renewable source of energy like solar powe
Higher costs for Indian firms having business in Europe due to Providing ample amount of employment opportunities for the pe
It will negatively impact firms which have closely related busi By utilizing its potential properly. It can be done by skill developm
he country like age, gender
> improvize etc. relations with Britain and more flexibility in 1.
its trade By enhancing
their terms in consumer
Investing education confidence
and development of its population. Hum
>
Britain was a country in which Indian companies are heavily invested 2. Govt.
2) By as and
ensuringprivate
it usedproperinvestment
to givefamily to create
the access
planning ample
to europeans
takes job
place atopportunitie
markets.
the micro
Post l
It will increase the logistical and tariff costs of Indian companies3)exporting
By improving
to european
overall education
countries. levels of the economy
There maybe an increase in immigration opportunities towards By increasing employment opportunities, and increasing the qua
ation, especially when the working-age population is more than the non-wo India can ensure this by creating more number of jobs, investing
it will increase investments from india into britain but decrease by efficiently utilizing the young work force
BREXIT will majorly Impact as there were deals India made withWe can ensure India's demographic dividend does not become
he size of its workforce. India has a huge workforce owing to its huge population size which if employed efficiently can contribute to the eco
speaker/listener goes out of the equation Empowering all segments through education, jobs and opportun
Indian MNC located in Britain may face export import restriction.Also
2) Bystrong immigrant
increasing policy will result
the government in less movement of Ind
investments
by staying inLeading
european manufactures
union like MG, etc are looking at new countries3) promoting Startup culture
The government
2. Encourage needstotobemake
people sure that an environment is cre
job creator
Brexit will enable Britain to formulate new trade agreement with 3. Built infrastructure and other basic facilities which result in m
Currently the demographic dividend in the country has more num
It will lead to Devaluation of Indian currency
Negative impact - Indian companies invest a lot in Britain, if Pound
To ensure
sees athis,
depreciation
India needs duetototake
BREXIT,
up measures
then it can
to curb
haveunemp
adver
BREXIT will affect INDIA as India has close trade ties with UK. India will have to build its infrastructure in order to cater to the n
BREXIT should favor India. India will have to strike trade deals India has almost 50% of its population in the working population
India and UK will have to set new trade relations.
Population Control, Rise in Per Capita Income
There will be different trade rules and regulations for Britain separately now as previously it came under purview of EU
-ANegative
lot of jobseffects
will beas
lost especially
India IT, to
will adjust apart from this
changing India
world exp By coming up with proper policies to cater to specific needs of th
order
- May lead to loss in trade between UK and other concerned nations.
Brexit is going to increase the value of the British pound and heNA
BREXIT refers to the exit of Britain from the European Union. This will impact India as UK is the biggest export market of India.
"When elephants fight, the grass suffers", Mr. Rajan's words are worth echoing.
Since BREXIT will have an impact on globalization and internatio By providing education, training, employment, health and suffici
Company like TATA group will face huge issues as their manufact 1) The constitution gives right to every Indian to move any part o
Even thought it is speculated that the impact of BREXIT wont be According India's demographic divide we have the highest numb
India can negotiate a separate free trade agreement with BritainBy making sure that people in the young age groups receive rig
India needs to make seperate deals with Britain and EU. It might India has an advantage of a perfect demographic dividend now.
Under EU, the regulations regarding trade, manufacturing, enviro By increasing
2. By ensuringjob opportunities.
enough opportunities and employment for the yo
India will have to set up trade agreements as well as VISA and 3. By funding new and upcoming business activities and startup
hat by catering and solving the economic problems of other smaller countrieBy carefully making an equilibrium between demand and supply
BREXIT will impact India by regulating new trade policies, defenIndia should ensure this by investing in public programs like MN
India willface
Indians nowhigher
have to pay more
logistics costamounts of customs in the European countries because of BREXIT.
may cost some jobs
India will have to develop new foreign policies with the state of Britain
uropean unionPRO-BREXIT can
British goods be advantageous
faced to goods
competition with India as better
from dealsGermany
France, with
ByBrit
skilling the youth
and other and making
europeon them
countries asemployable.Increase in e
the trade laws were laid
security at borders.
r working from home is taking more time to complete the same work which we can do faster while sitting at office.
New trade laws, uncertainities from EU might lead to increase inCentral hold of power, unification of schemes, diversification of i
BREXIT is going to benefit India as India will be able to negotiatIndia can ensure that it's demographic dividend does not turn in
n's economy
opean countries which was formed with the objective of facilitating better trade
By controlling its population
Brexit doesn't impact India. The only benefit it may gain is the Demographic dividend for India can be a resource for India, with
A lot of students used to go to Britain for higher studies, now a To ensure this we would have to ensure that people in the age o
1. New norms for trade, different from EU would affect the overa1. Train the young population for them to be able to contribute t
- BREXIT will impact India in a positive way, as Britain will now have a free hand to negotiate trade deals directly with India. Thi
- BREXIT will also help India as it will be seen as a safe haven By for ensuring
investments
that in
the
anyounger
environment
population
of volatility
of theincountry
the EUare suffic
Have to
sulting in unemployment.form new trade relations with Britain, might face back Overuse of resources and their depletion. Need to follow sustain
he most.
It significantly affects India's Export market. As the policies of the European Union changes there is uncertainty in the export ma
o the political sentiment in the public at the time. It also became a question of sovereignty. Brits felt that the regulations were biased and di
BREXIT will allow India to develop trade relations with England Education and knowledge building are the ways in which the inc
Overall impact on the economy, as certain commodities will be rThe government offers subsidies and benefits and charges high
BREXIT can open new trade opportunities with Europe and UK for India. India can have certain free trade agreements with the
No major impact yet, Indian immigrants might have to face issues
We will
them was very high.have increased logistics and transportation costs when It can be ensured by providing the right opportunities for the righ
tremely bureaucratic nature of the European parliament is hurting British exporters
BREXIT
India andcould help
the UK areIndia as Britain
strong trading would consider
partners with a doing more tFBREXIT
long history. or India to
willensure
have athat it's demographic
significant impact ondividend does
the British not turnw
economy
Indirectly
5. however,have
Indian students London wasinflow
a huge a channel throughevery
into Britain which Indians
year. Thecould
Their mostaccess
important
security andthe thing
European
education forand
the
markets.
demographic
With might
employment BREXIT,
dividend that
to not
be under optio
tra
scr
6. India
Indian exports major
companies with goods into EU
operations with
in EU willUK being
have its trade partner.
to overhaul Increased
their
India TheseEmployment
operations
can figures
prevent its might
Rates
completely. alsoare
demographic feel
one
an source.
impact
dividend upon
When
from Brexit.
a major
turning ch
into dem
Indian companies deriving revenue from Britain and other EU countries This canwill
be have
done to
bydeal
making
withIndia
different
a preferred
norms for
destination
their customer
for bu
to Britain to Brexit will which

take jobs impactleaves
india as it will
less be closingopportunities
employment a desired destin This people.
for their own can be ensured by providing proper education , job opportu
revenue that it would have been able to without being the part of EU because there are no trade barriers and little to no tariffs.
The impact of BREXIT on India will depend on how the UK decides to trade with other countries post BREXIT. When UK was a
The change in export and import laws and the trade laws would impact India's foreign trade laws and hence impact the econom
Many Indian companies have setup in Britain, which are used as Byahaving a population policy, encouraging people to have limite
BREXIT will destabilise the European economies especially Engla By utilising the homegrown talent and educating and training the
Relations with UK are good. This will lead to less export opport It can be a disaster when the the birth rate is low and mortality r
Up until this
1. Since point,
Britain willIndia's trade
lose out relations &
on business agreements
with with UK were
other EU countries, Indiabasis
can the
takesame as extended
advantage byincrease
of it and the EU. their
With exports
Brexit, UK is
to Br
2. Since India has good relations with Britain, it was their gateway Anytobiased
enter behaviour
the marketwith
of countries
respect toassociated
any demography
with EU can
but that
turn
UK is one of the most important trading partner of India. With BBasically the demographic dividend means the growth in the eco
It will impact
Indian the economy
companies of india
with a base and
in UK maythenot
import-export businautonomy
enjoy the same India keeps eliminating
as previous. its Fiscal
There Deficit
can also to prevent
increase turning
in taxes, of de
duties et
Indians might also face immigration problems if UK imposes a restriction
India needsontothe number of
strengthen itsimmigrants.
educational infrastructure. Allocate
When Britain was a part of the EU, it couldnt make its own tradeIt should also grant ration to everyone who needs it by providin
It can provide for better job opportunities for Indians as EU citi Increase employment opportunities
A high proportion of India's International Trade is with the UK, India can ensure that it's demographic dividend does not turn in
It will be difficult for India to have business realtions with th India should ensure that the talent of the youth should be chann
BREXIT
1. Indian companies with offices in Britain would find it more difficulttototrade
will impact India as India will now have to choose whether with EU
penetrate intoorrest
Britain.
of europe.
2. Indias trade with rest of europe would be impacted By providing more opportunities for people to work and solving t
Indian companies who had their offices in European countries ot By analyzing the demography better
Brexit will have various kinds of impact on India. India will no To ensure that India's demographic dividend does not turn into a
the free trade agreement with the EU will have to be worked outby reducing unemployment, especially in the rural areas
With the brexit , It will open new markets for India. Since European markets will now be facing tariffs for its products, it will provi
With BREXIT,
2. Exports trade incould
to Britain Europe will involveimpacted
be negatively increasedincosts due run
the short to2.increased
but wouldtaxes/tariffs
Education be because
for beneficial
all: Sarva in
Shiksha ofAbhiyan,
the longstructural
run changes.
National Education
3. As
2. Closer political
Britian will berelations withfrom
separated Indiathe European Union it will no3.longer
Nutrition for allbenefits
receive : National
fromFood
the Policy
European Union nations.
3. To cover up the above disadvantages, Britian will make their trade laws so as to increase revenue.
e offices when everyone in their surroundings was doing the same thing.
It will impact the Indian stock markets as the exchange rates( INR-pound)Analyzing thewill parameters
be impacted.The foreign
that lead investments segmentatio
to demographic will be impa
With the trade restrictions that take place due to Brexit, India Revising the policies regularly for development of various demo
It can lead to a Free Trade Agreement between UK and India.

BREXIT will reduce the economic levels of foreigners living BritIndia leveraging GST will ensure that demographic dividend doe
ffect on the EU as a result of problems plaguing the PIGS countries. Constant India has a huge chunk of its population which i classified as yo
r, culture, etc. With adequate education, training and healthcare, India can ens
ds who can India
become a part of the workforce. India asAsa acountry
can take it as an opporutnity if Britain exits the European Union. needs
result of this, to solve
more the problem
channels wouldofopen
educating ourfoy
for India
thus facilitating the trade between more countries.
1) After BREXIT, Britain might look for other countries to strengthen the ties via investments and other opportunities. India migh
2) Britain's economy might take a plunge which can lead to the government imposing stricter norms for people outside Britain.
highest share of population is in the working age .
BREXIT
Import - will have
Export positive
laws wouldimpact on India.
be tightened in UK
UK on leaving EU may try to strengthen relationships with India in terms of manufac
Indian companies in UK won't be able to hire employees from EU By creating
countriesrelevant job opportunities
BREXIT will impact India in ways that now different rules wouldBy ensuring that there are enough job opportunities and the dem
ries under European Union used to occupy for the job in Britain resulting in increased rateskill
Training and in unemployment
building shouldfor bethe citizenupon.
focused of Britain.
India-UK trade might be affected.UK being India's prominent ex Healthcare should be given importance.
When Britain leaves European Union, it will not be bound to fol India must focus on skill development, education and work oppo
Due tois Brexit,
India one of Britain will look
the biggest forpartner
trade import of
support so fulfillwill
UK, BREXIT its needIndiaincan
which
results only
was
new prevent
earlier
trading demographic
fulfilled
regulations.by other disaster
europianbycountries,
investingand
in skill
thi
Union as the Indian Investment
other European in UK companies will be affected by the newBetter
countries. policies.
education and developing skills
Brexit will increase the opportunities for Indian students to study abroad. Also, it can affect the exports since UK is the largest e
pared to contribution of Britain By ups killing India (Skill development centers)and providing be
Brexit will be an opportunistic event for India as it can lead to India can do the same by ensuring the availability of adequate n
e its individual trade policies.
Britain is will
4) India onealso
of India's
have tobiggest trade partners
renegotiate deals within Britain
the world. Aft India can ensure that demographic dividend does not turn into d
5) Immigration and visa issues may arise for Indian nationals By providing adequate skill development, education, health and
Trade policies with Britian can be more simplified. This can in This might escalate tensions and also might create riots if demo
Many Indian companies have setups in UK, after BREXIT they will lesser access to Europe from what they had before BREXIT
It may lead to a business loss None
BREXIT
1. Britainprovides
was theacenter-point
strong opportunity
of tradefor
forindia
Indiatofrom
strenghthen its ties withwith
where it connected
Currently, the the
IndiaBritain
hasrestand
oneofof atthe
the the
EU.same
youngesttime
Now with it also
populations
the provides
occurrence oppo
in the of
world
BR
2. Britain is one of the major education hubs for Indian students. Apart
By With from
new this,
ensuring rulesthere
in Visa,
employment hasavailability
immigration,
been great emphasis
etc. goingon to Britain
genderfor
equa
st
BREXIT might not have direct adverse effect on India.
3) Change in prices of the commodity imported from Britain. CompaniesJobs pertaining to the skill set of the workforce.
4) New currency as a part of foreign exchange reserve By creating employment opportunities in the economy.
Before BREXIT all the rules and regulations with respect to t India unlike USA has their states divided on the basis of languag
Britain is the largest export market for India. Earlier India had a direct access to whole european market but with BREXIT in pla
with distinct characteristics.
c - Trade values will change India's demographic dividend makes india a market for almost a
d - New logistics need to be figured out By putting appropriate policies and regular checks in place
India
1. now havelisted
Companies to make a newwill
in Britain trade
facedeal withinBritain
issues which in and
its operations itBy taking care
may face of unemployment and providing youth proper skil
consequences.
2. Re-negotiation of trade treaty with Britain and EU
ade unfavourable.
on which does free trade across European Union. By providing adequate education and skill development so that
India has strong ties with UK. Brexit would take away all the b by creating ample employment opportunities, create training pro
, political and global factors. The ability to generate more trade and income India has a huge demographic benefit, but it needs to maintain t
One way to ensure this would be to ensure proper skill developm
Indian companies there will face higher taxes and customs there now.
2. Indian might see a lower acceptance of migration towards UK2)and EU countries
Provide due to growing Protectionism. Many job loss
quality healthcare
A2.lot of banking
Britian's tradeand investment
agreements companies
with the EU suchof India areSchengen
as the headquar 3)Agreement
Provide education
are no longer applicable which means India and U
3. Since
India the amajor
shares reason
strong for with
relation BREXIT was
Britain for the
, with the UK to take trade
maximum control isofone
its trade
Indiainteractionsof the fastest
withgrowing
policies,
being
nations UK. the economies
immigration
with because
besttodemographic
the UK of its pro
and procureme
dividends
Thus, India's market is highly correlated with the British economy Theand
two anykeyimpact
aspectswould
to ensure
make itsthisway
is used
to India's
effectively
economy
is better
as wee
BREXIT will impact India as before BREXIT there was a dicussion amongst the UK and India for FTA. This deal will now take h
were going away to non residents.
ountries. If Britain stayed under EU, then these refugees would freely move-Investing in Britain asin education and skill
well, and Britain wasdevelopment.
against it,
With Britain exiting EU, the companies of India based in UK will face issues like paying extra custom duties and transportation c
BREXIT will impact India in both a positive and negative way. Now Demographic dividend allows more people to be in the working
1. Indian companies with a base in UK may not enjoy the same free access to the continent as it did until now
2.With Brexit, foreign portfolio investments will outflow and will By
lead
focusing
to the weakening
on boosting
ofjob
thecreation
rupee. India can ensure hat it's de
at there would be is
1) Uk greater economic
big hub benefits
for indian companiesif it left
to EU.
invest and tap EU market but now due to brexit there is a possibility that the benefits th
2) With brexit the imports from britain including everyday commodities
The BREXIT will have a huge impact on the Indian Economy asNo UKracial violence or community fights in India can decrease the
Structural reforms like amending the archaic labour and land law
Indian
UK andcompanies
India sharewith a base
a good in therelationship.
trading UK may not enjoy the same by providing job opportunities to people and by providing educa
Brexit might make it a little difficult for indian firms running in the UK. Because earlier it was easier to access the entire europea
India has certain trade terms with EU. With the exit of Britain, India will have to form new terms of agreement with Britain which
Brexit has led to change in Foreign Exchange rates, devaluatioIndia's demographic dividend is the population strength in terms
BREXIT will impact India since now India will face problems with trade between the two countries as now there would be import
loss of jobs for local citizens. Monetary contribution of britain to the EU hi India needs to spend on health and educational sectors so as to
Brexit will lead to higher export regulations around the EU region, discouraging indian exports.
Brexit would also lead to a fall in the value of pound, which might render some of the pre-existing deals in a loss.
There maybe foreign fund outflow and dollar rise skill development to increase the employability
BREXIT is the exit of Britain from the European union. It will affect India in the way of foreign trade policies. Policies that were a
1. India is the largest exporter of UK, it can have negative imp RIght skills need to be imparted to the demographic dividend so
Brexit will impact India in terms of the trade. Since UK wont be a part of Brexit, there can be conflicts related to trade issues wit
Most of the Indian businesses are registered in UK, these firmsBy redistributing wealth and resources effectively and closing th
The Free trade agreement will not be possible because UK is out of UN this will affect the trade prospects of India.
also uk is biggest investor in india so brexit can impact this

but at the same time now britain will look for more strategic partnership it can ensure
thus this
giving
myindia
making
bargaining
sure that power
the diverse population it h
Impact in decsion making as separae for europe and britain. Increase in price of import from the country.
Negatives: The negatives are that India has to re-negotiate theBy whole
investing
Economic
in Education
Deals with
andBritain
HealthasSectors.
whatever the existing de
Inida is UK's largest export destination. Also, rupee may depreciBy focusing on skilling and quality education for the youth. This
Indians
It will notliving in Britain
impact will have
India directly buttothe
payIndian
morecompanies
in Britain aswith
co their
Byoffices
keepingin in check
either the disparity
in U.K or Europe in who
the demographics
were allowed to and
dothe
freea
Same is true for people who will be going on a trip to EuropeanBy countries.
bringing They
the nationalism
now have toand
apply
feeling
different
of residents
travel pass.
of India not
Prices of gold, electronic goods, among others may also increase.
Sensex and Nifty may tumble in the short-run.
India has strong
2. It might ties with
get difficult Britainaand
to obtain Visaenjoys trade benefits in To provide education to all and skill development to make peopl
for Indians
3. International Students from India might face difficulty in getting admissions and jobs
Higher tax rates in the European countries might lead them to fiEnsure higher foreign investments, improvise the travel industry
Indian organization that have their channels in UK will no longer be freely able to freely provide their goods and services among
of European Union India can ensure that its demographic dividend does not turn int
India has a majority of its population in the youth category and h

ean parliament was hurting British exporters
sing out a big deal by staying in the EU.
m other countries.
Britain's exit the
-increasing from the European Union and the subsequent chang
taxes We need
-Skills to sustain our
development working
schemes age to
need population but the amount
be launched
-India will not able to diversify and have to take more permissions
-Jobs needs to be created
1. More tighten restrictions can happen to the outside countriesIn order
like indiato protect the demographic dividend to not turn in an de
2. Workforce or employees working in UK can be negatively affected
Brexit will impact India in terms of difference of trade relatio Proper allocation of funds to every section of society will ensure
Studying opportunities of Indian students studying abroad, expoIndia can ensure that better employment opportunities are provi
India has major exports to UK and good ties with the government. BREXIT will hinder ties and increase transportational, custom
UK is one of India's important trading partner and has been oneBy providing Proper infrastructure for the growth of education se
Indian
1. business
Increase operating
in trade in Britain
relations as well of
and activities asBritain
EU market havedue
with India Indiatohas higher
a new set population of young
of reforms and rules people who are capable of
2. This could could
Cooperation lead to appreciation
also of Indian
extend beyond currency
economy against theDemographic
to security. pound sterling
Investing dividend
in primary of India refers
education to the population diversity
at grassroots
India and the UK could leverage their shared history, somethingtying the rest
up with
of the
foreign
EU didn't
institutes
share,to to
open
morecolleges
easily reach
in India
consensu
Since the trade policies would change India would accordingly India should ensure that resources are not concentrated in certa
- Ensure upskilling of workforce to avoid redundancy in the skills

Britain is the most significant trading partner for India in th - Provide vocational training, especially in rural areas
European control over British institutions.
er integration with the rest of the Europe
India
1. It ishas strong
known thatties
due with Britain the
to Brexit, andnational
there are many Indians
currency who are
that is pound living
may in England.
become Alsohence
weak and major Indian
Indian rupee
Conglomerate
will becomegiantsab
2. India and UK can directly enter into trade deal as earlier UK By neededproviding appropriate
to take permission training, education
from the EU to getand healthcare
into a trade deal w
There are many companies who do the business from Britain to the whole Europe. Once the restrictions will be levied then the
India has a large investment as well in Britain and other parts of India
EU canwhichensure
will also
to gain
be impacted.
the most The
frommajor
demographic
companies dividend
whichby o
It will hamper the export from India.
IT There
1. industry export
are lot of and
IndianFDIcompanies
inputs will with
be badly
baseaffected.
in the UK, they may not enjoy free trade.
2. India has had really good trade ties with UK, but now it will have to rework strategies for investment and trade alike.
development with time. For India's demographic dividend to not turn into demographic d
Various Indian companies have their units in Britain , thus with the Britain exit from EU these companies would loose their supp
BREXIT can have a positive impact on India as it will allow Britain to engage in foreign investments in India without EU oversigh
India hasbeing
1)Britain had strong
a longties
termwith thepartner
trade UK sincewitha very
Indialong
and time, and isIndian
with many also an importantbased
companies trade partner.
there it isIndia invests that
imperative more in UKwith
a deal th
2) The longstanding relation
1) Immigration policies will change could prove to improve the bilateral ties with better prospects for student, work visas
2) Along with that it also has to create an ecosystem where entand FDI rules
1.2)Supply
More opportunities
chain would to getopen up for trade between the two countries
disrupted. 3) It also has
2. Needs the responsibility
to focus developmentofofproviding basic
rural as well asneeds to itspa
the urban p
2. Could also benefit from increased investment for FII/FDI, looking Conclusion
for a more
: Bydiverse
ensuring
economy.
social and economic equality
BREXIT will impact India in terms of the trade-relationship and Indian govt policies and subsidies to set up factories in remote,
. .
country's population. The change
Prior to Brexit, in age
Britain was structure
India's is typically
gateway to trade brought onrest
with the by aofdecline
Europe.in fertility and mortality rate
Brexit will mean that new trade agreements will have to be hammered India must outcapitalise
with nations.
on its demographic dividend by ensuring th
BREXIT will impact India in a negative manner because many Indi By providing necessary skills and resources to its population ba
Indians residing in UK may face unemployment whuch results in reduced foreign cash flow.
The expenditure for Indian students in UK are likely to increase
All the imports directly from Britain may become costlier.
BREXIT will impact India as till now trade with European union w Properly creating job opportunities across all demographics and
er working age population as compared to non-working age population. India should strictly formulate & implement a law adhering to Tw
By efficient implementation of various rural programs, India can
Protectionist policies like BREXIT harm the flow of capital into i provide with appropriate education, training and health care
BREXIT
The mostcan impact
strong the indians
trading partner going to the
has been UKUK forfor jobs. If therepopulation growth is the biggest factor of indian demographic. If
India.
UK has been a strong business attraction for many due to the center By not of bringing
businessin too
andmany
the finance
peoplecapital
from different
and because
parts of
of the
which
co
Due to the poor economic conditions of Europe after Brexit happe By controlling its population
India is one of the top investors in UK and a political instabili Developing the underdeveloped states, Upholding the sovereign
By ensuring there are enough jobs.
Brexit will impact Britain's GDP, which in turn will have an imp Provide support in healthcare and education
By focusing on education and skill building, and ensuring that th
Globalization is important for India. This new wave of protectionism can harm the flow of capital in India
BREXIT is creating fear amongst investors and businesses around 1. Bythe

building
globe. human
The implication
capital- Investing
of the BREXIT
in people
will through
directly impact
health
The exit of Britain from the EU will have a significant effect as it2.
is By
thepracticing
largest export
urbanisation-
market for The
India.
largeTheyoung
investors
and working
are concer
pop
many Indian multinational companies are invested in UK for business which served
1)Incentivising as gateway
education and uptoskilling
europian markets, and
for students with corpo
taxes
It will negatively impact employment and education oppurtunitie 2)Providing subsidies and incentives to startups which lead to e
the major impact would be on trade.
Britain hasn't come to terms with the EU based on this matter, By making
in case sure
there arewe can given
import tax forthe freedom
goods from to tradethen,
Britain and the gove
india an
e working age people are more than the dependent class of people. To prevent such a situation, a country must work really hard on
With BREXIT
Indian companiescoming to floor
owning in 2020, itincan
businesses the create
UK willabe
lotimpacted
of ruckusand
for athis
lotwill
of countries including
in turn impact India also. India had their tra
our revenue.
Imports
1. willinalso
increase job take a hit with all the new regulatory policies. Adopting policies that support break socio-political barriers, prom
opportunities
2. increase in export opportunities
tion and security. Britain was bound to o give money to the EU which Britain thought could be better used for betterment of their own countr
By focusing on job creation so that people do not remain unemp
Indian companies like Tata have production capacities in the UK More initiatives
2.) Around to be inclusive
12 million of everyone
youth enter need to
the job market be implemen
every year. Ne
BREXIT would have a significant impact on India. Indians curre 3.) Extensive infrastructure needs to be built to cater to growing
India will have to overcome restrictions imposed by EU on UK aNA
Indian companies will have to set up an additional operating company in the European Union. A no deal exit will also lead to the
Indian companies in UK which has access to all the EU nationsIn India more than 60% of the population are below 35 years. In
Many Indian companies have their plants situated in UK so brexit is going to impact in an economic downfall which will cause th
Brexit can lead to currency fluctuations in the European marketIndia needs to provide appropriate education, training and healt
1. The countries operating in the region will face problems bec Demographic advantage refers to a situation where because of
Brexit will impact India's trade relations with Britain mainly a By upgrading the skills of the population so that the young gene
Favourable
3. India will trade
need regulations
to re frame under EU will
its strategy of not
freebe anymore
trade favourable
agreement2.with to Indian
Generating
EU businesses.opportunities and creation of new jo
Employment
4. Indian companies will need to re calibrate its European operations 3. Special schemes for rural areas
It will have significant effect as it is the largest export market for India. So it is going to have a negative effect as India invests
country's population.
Earlier, trade between India and Britain would be governed by EU increasing
By making sureemployment/job opportunities;
that Indian population decreasing
has good disguis
fertility levels bu
y which went as per 51% for to 49% against is the main reason for Brexit. By educating the rural population more on the benefits of birth c
India's business ties with indutsries in Britain shall be hamperred if new laws fall into place by their government.
BREXIT could help Indians in a way that now they can work in UK Population control bills should be implemented as is done by Ch
Brexit removes the UK from the EU and their relevant Trading Bl One must ensure that the population has access to and maintai
BREXIT will impact india as the trade channels will the UK wil By improving employment rate
2- It will stringent the norms and make the trade with other european 3- Ensuring
nationsthe
difficult
development of Infrastructure
3- Increase in the taxation of the goods exported 4- Proper utilization of Human and Natural resources
BREXIT
- The ease willofeffect
tradeIndian
wouldRupee,
reduce It will impact Indian ImmigratioDemographic dividend in India is stating that we have largest yo
Companies headquartered inof
- Independent trade policies UK Britain which
will now would
follow differ norms
different from the
- that
existing trade
Indians policies
working of the
in the EU.branches will now be subject
Indian
on of people Also, India's agreements
from europe to Britain. with Britain were in faith with the policies adhered to by all EU members and benefits of the same. No
de deals with other countries. In order to capitalize on the demographic dividend, India needs
Britain was
Dealing withtheUKTrade
and EUroute to EU. After BREXIT, many companies
differently By increasing the employment rate and decreasing the poverty
Visa permits will be affected
Sepearate trade and defefnse deals with britian, immigration policies change, open to british education
India's IT companies
2.The current scenariothat
is have investedtoinhigh
also leading U.Kattrition
will not rate
be abl Through
in Indian population
based companies control.
, which would affect the companies adve
3. Negotiating with UK might lead to some optimism as the the trade is directly between 2 countries with the regulations of the
India willmaking
wanted the decision now have to sign
power new trade
to remain with deals
Britainand agreements with
India must increase the employment opportunities so that the de
Exports will be majorly affected, There will be fluctuations i Demographic Dividend is the income earned by the working pop
1) By generation of jobs.
2) By improving the quality of education.
Investment of India in UK alone was more than the combined inv By providing proper education, training and employment opportu
Brexit
2)Nowopens up UK
that the opportunities to EU,
is out of the IndiaIndia
as because
may not of oldhave
only tradetol By improvingthe
renegotiate onFTA
primary
withfacilities
the union,(Education and Healthcare)
but also have an
to work towar
3)The rupee could gain against a weaker pound after a decline in rupee at the start because of RBI intervention
e, mainly when the share of the working age population is larger than the non-working age group.
structure. It shows growth when there a more number of people working India has to first identify who all are eligible and capable of wor
It2.isOne
making stock
of the market
primary unstable
reasons and increasing
BREXIT happenedthe
wasrisk
duefortodoWorking population
xenophobia can
i.e. fear of be trained,
migrants and increase investment
foreigners. in digitao
A large number
3. UK has a trade deficit with India. Since the value of GBP is decreasing with respect to euro, it can affect the ability of UK to p
India had strong ties with UK. UK leaving it may lead to broken If there is a favour made to a particular demographic group, it m
It will not directly impact India but global market as a whole solely because of high volatility in pound. Britain is largest export m
If unemployment rate will remain to be high in India it wont be ab

India
1. UKhas
canmade some
regulate of theprices
tourism largest
forFDIs in Britain.
Indian touristsMany IndianIndia
f has a younger workforce which can prove to be an asset if
2. Can also regulate Indian higher education applicants/ working professions
India must focusjobs
on boosting the skills set of lakhs of new gradu
BREXIT will open up unique challenges to Indian companies wh2. We should create more job opportunities by inviting investme
The companies affected by BREXIT would look for fresh investments and India could act as as an option for these investments
The exit of Britain will have a significant impact on India as it is one of the largest export market for India. It also creates fear in
Since United Kingdom is removing itself from the European Union Demography has to be diversified with various industries so tha
Uk being the gateway to other EU nations for the India, Brexit will hamper the trade and the companies have to bear the brunt o
Being
1, the largest
Reduced accessexport
to themarket it would also lead to the deval The demographic dividend should be treated with equity as opp
EU market
2. Disrupted exports
BREXIT
The FDIwould
comingindirectly
to India impact India
from UK will because
be largelyofaffected
its economic r-
The overhead costs for India's IT exports may increase
Movement of European citizen from Europe will be restricted which will provide easier opportunity for Indians to work in Europe
of EU India may get into bilateral trade deals with UK without intervention of EU.
ng countries.
UK being an important partner for India in terms of trade, various Currently India
taxes and has the
policies highest
needs percentage
to be of itsaspopulation
re negotiated the pricesinofthi
Other sectors like sports and entertainment also need to re-negotiateKeepingterms.
a track on the changing factors that invited these divid
1. Changing Education system into a skilled based approach thu

2. Promoting MSME sector would be productive.
pretty low - meaning that the average age of the workforce is close to 30 By getting as close as possible to full employment - there is still
BREXIT can impact India in a positive way as now the UK will no By providing proper education and training to the huge manpow
Brexit will have a negative impact on India as it will affect it for India treats the demographic features like place, people and try
In order to prevent demographic dividends into the demographic
Indian companies based in UK will suffer from higher logistics cost as they wont have free access across continent. UK has bee
With Brexit, the UK and the US are all looking to protect its own interests and are looking to bring back manufacturing to their s
Britain is a very large export market for India specially Indian India
India'sneeds to skill
majority up its youth
population and increase
is young. Training itthem
productivity,
and makingbust
Brexit can have mixed impact to india. It depends on the policiesEducating the population should be the top priority.
With Britain leaving the EU, India will have to draft new trade p The efficient deployment and use of skilled labor can improve th
3) Many multinational company had their base in Britain with a view that it would connect them with the rest of European Union
4) Indians could also leverage on the availability of jobs in European
It can do
Union.
this by encouraging and supporting Indian enterprises.
Due to Brexit, Britain won't be able to have free trade which it In order to ensure that the demographic dividend does not turn i
UK was th entry point of business for Indian Companies. IndianGovenment can take measure to provide education, skill develo
As the United Kingdom is one of India's largest export market it's exit from the EU will have adverse impact on the Indian Econo
The strength of EU will decrease which in turn will make two enti The demographic
5) establishing divident
institute of that india has
excellence forcan be of
higher great advanta
education
Indian business based in UK will be hampered as earlier they ha6) Providing research opportunities for STEM careers
Brexit won't impact India in any significant way apart from reflecting on the Stock Market.
om the boundaries and restrictions of policies adopted as a whole By focusing on increasingHuman Development Index (HDI), Ind
BREXIT may not have much of an impact on India, new rules and By maintaining the standard of living, increasing growth, mainta
India has strong trading ties with UK (UK exiting from the European Union is called BREXIT). It will impact the Indian stock mar
Change in directly
Brexit will policies impact
with respect to immigrants
the Indian from India, Change in trade, import/export regulations, Change in ease of doing b
stock market.
Brexit would affect the effective exchange rate of rupee in India.
ure, i.e., an increase in working-population as against non-working population.
India can benefit from BREXIT by forming better trade agreements with Britain.
BREXIT is an opportunity for India to increase our trade with BrIndia can make sure that all the economic activities are spread t
India can use this opportunity to get better deals with Britain as it does not have the same bargaining power now as it did when
Companies and sectors that have invested in Britain are worriedIf there is a lack of quality employment opportunities this can h
Brexit will impact india directly in terms of the indian companie By providing more emplyment opportunities, by encouraging the
BREXIT can be positive for India as it will be able to trade moreDemographic dividend can turn into a disaster if the number of w
the EU, wanted

Will to invest
affect them
stock in it's own country
market.
reduce value of rupee. By making efforts to keep its working population higher than the
There are several companies of Indian which have a base in theIndia can ensure that its demographic dividend does not turn int
Impact on exports Efficient use of limited resources
It has impacted the largest export market of India causing ec Prioritizing the need of the nation and not particular Demograph
3. Technological advancement in India
4. Increase in foreign reserves India can ensure that its demographic dividend does not turn int
The way BREXIT will impact India is both positive and negative. Positive because India is the 3rd largest FDI to the UK in terms
India used to do trade with EU and now since BREXIT, its tradeDifferent demographies should be given different priorities and n
BREXIT will impact India in such a way that there will have to By ensuring better political environment and stricter laws to dea
Loss of confidence by investors in business due to fluctuation and volatility. Different code of conduct which will be followed by
1) It will
3)EU allow export
companies of goods
might to UK
shift their at higher prices
headquarters from than it used
Britain to when UK was under EU as imports were regulated by EU. T
to India
4)Rupee may depreciate as their may be foreign fund outflow resulting in dollar increase
India used to have a common policy for the european union but because of BREXIT it would have to formulate a separate new
As Britain will be leaving EU, there is an opportunity of Britain signing bilateral trade agreements with other nations in which Ind
is the human asset .
As per World Trade Organisation, Britain will have to form a new set of trade polices once it gets separated from Europe. In suc
India can have better trade agreements with Britain as well as remaining European Union
UK
WithisBREXIT,
one of India's
India mostimportant
is going to facetrading
a lot ofpartners.
issues inMany
termsIndi
of itsBy providing appropriate education, training and healthcare.
trade.
Since earlier when Britain was part of the EU, India was able toIntransport order to all
ensure
the items
that aatdemographic
one port in Europe
dividend
and
does
thennot
make
turn its
int
BREXIT will have a huge impact on the export market of India as India
i needs to focus more on Skill Development
Import and export trade rules previously accepted between EU and INDia had to be again re-negotiated.
1. India being fastest growing economy it may benefit in terms of UK's shift in the focus of skilled labour.
2. India can create more economic alliances and trade pacts
Many Indian companies have their operations in UK which can The population should be provided with better education, trainin
It is very important to ensure that the right amount of resources
t which is required at start of every year
Britain was
BREXIT a way for
is creating India
fear to enter
amongst the
the EU market,
investors and with Britain moving
businesses around out
the of EU itThe
Skill development
globe. willincrease
to be difficult
implication for India
employability
of the toofenter
BREXIT youngthedirectly
will EU mark
population
imp
BREXIT may have an impact on the decisions of Indian companies The tonation
investneeds
in thetofuture
createasapproximately
there is a needtentomillion
get border-free
jobs per y
Brexit will create more jobs for the Indians and will lead to a s By distributing the scarce resources equally
nt hurting British exporters
Different policies to acquire education or work visa for EU and Britain

airs and the extra expenditure that it had to incur as a member of the EU By ensuring measures such as incentives to encourage school a
BREXIT may impact positively for India because the redirection of BRITAIN pounds as an FDA will come to different countries o
BREXIT will have effect on the prices of imports and exports from UK and the EU.
The biggest impact Britain leaving EU would be a restructure inMost
t important factor would be to keep as many young working
There are a lot of Indian companies who are there in the UK and It will happen by India focusing on creating more and more jobs
BREXIT is the stepping back of England from the European CouncilWhen the employment rate is increased it will lead to more work
Immigration and new trade laws

ropean Union include identity, culture, independence and the identity of the India ensure that it's demographic dividend does not turn into a
BREXIT could prove to an opportunity for India. India could bet Majority of population
Job creation should beif India is youth
one the majorwhich
goals itofcan
the use to its ben
government.
India has different trade agreements with EU on the basis of whiInvesting on infrastructure is another way of creating employme
Now that UK has left the European Union, any transaction with D Uemographic dividend is the division of the existing population i
The impact on India of BREXIT would definitely impact its tradeBy providing equal opportunities to work and grow to the young
High volatility of pound can impact India in businesses by inculcating education and the right towards the country
BREXIT will impact India as it will lead to reduction of the exp India try to maintain the equality in the regions and give weighta
2) India might be able to sign a better deal with UK than it would
1) have
Education
been able to through the EU
3) Immigration of Indians to UK may be adversely impacted. 2) Creating
BREXIT can impact the exchange of trade and other services with India. Now jobs
that Britain is not a part of the European Union, In
Also, our people doing trade with EU, cannot get their products across resulting to a decrease in future avenues for the individu
ly, if a country has most of its population in the working age bracket then India, at the moment, has the youngest population in the world.
2.The companies who set up their units in Britain for it's association with the European Union and benefitted from the policies l
3.The Britain under the EU has been a major trading partner ofTo India
prevent
and therefore
demographic
afterdividend
BREXIT,from
a newturning
deal with
into athe
demograph
EU may
ld. This population can be channelized towards betterment of economy by providing ample opprtunites.
By creating equality, India can ensure equal opportunities for all
Youth reskill camps have to be made
EU was very- Job
highcuts in such Indian firms in the UK the supply
- More of jobs will
job creation. have
Also to complement
growth the demand
rate of economy shouldfor
bejobs
gre
-More opportunities for Indians to work in UK as people from EU- Diversity
wont get and
special
inclusion
priorities.
across
Increase
various
in demographics
Remittance and gen
3) Big Indian firms like Airtel and Tata Steel have set up operations in the UK and derive revenue from European operations an
BREXIT will change the way India deals with Britain in terms of 1. imports andjobs
Creating exports. There
for the would be a lot of revisions in the ba
dividend
Can make way for India increasing exports to EU 2. Ensuring that the population belonging to the dividend is edu
Trade relations might be affected as it is one of the largest exporters for India
There might be a change in the rupee value
It will effect the companies in Britain, who use Britain as a base in Europe. Those companies will need to rethink their strategy,
The companies based in UK would not get the same access and thecan
large population can turn into demographic disaster if they a
With Britain distancing itself from EU, BREXIT will create new ma
By implementing uniform rules and norms to all its citizens keep
Difficulty in getting VISA's For India to ensure demographic dividend does not turn into a d
Many of the
BREXIT shallIndian companies
impact India on aarelot present in Britain
of different levels,with
if wemany peoplethe
talk about from other EU
students whocountries. Theup
wish to take BREXIT deal will
employment impact th
opportunitie
This
2. could
India will also
havebe
to seen
ensureasitan
is opportunity where
able to continue India could
profitable take
dealsProviding
theUK
2.with
Skill advantage
thevocational
and
(Theworking
wayofit this
population
was exit
trainingandwith
earlier) improve
the skills
on it's
required
existingintrade
the cr
3. Immigration for jobs to UK might become difficult due to restrictions 3. Employment
placed. opportunities
There will be increase in number of immigration from Indian sidIndia has a rich youth but also it has to check on the Joblessnes
BREXIT impact on India will depend on the the negotiations of EU Economic and Government policies should be such were a bala
Since Britain wouldn't be following the strict trade norms as per the EU, this is a great chance of improving the trade relations b
Significant impact as there were huge impacts on exports
data sharing and privacy of data. They are still negotiating the deals. Theresainvest
May had to resign following her failed attempts to reach a con
in healthcare
onomy and hurting exports invest in manufacturing sector to boost employment
considered
er countriesinwas
demographic dividends.
affecting the India
employability of Britain citizens as well as their hasrights.
voting to work on the decade high unemployment rate, The m
e of multiple issues or differences. India has a hug demographic advantage because of its youth po
India should start working on the improving the quality of demog

This causes high volatility in the pound so there will also be a eBy maintain integrity, liberty and equality to all the people.
taking up of Post
jobs by the other
Brexit, India members of the EU
needs to rework on leaving the people
the strategy of Trade
for Free Britain with skill
Proper less training
Agreement job opportunities.
with the
and
EU.
education
India invests more in UK than in entire EU because of the perksEmployment
of a nation in EU. These things need to be reworked upon,
Indiathe
penness' divide, has had
'left strong ties with the UK. Many indian companies op
behind' Demographic dividend is the expected growth in the economy w
European citizens, Identity and change, English national identity, decision to call referendum etc.
The exit of Britain from the EU will have a significant effect as itIndia
is themust
largestensure
export
that
market
the current
for India.
working population is trained
It will cause volatile changes in indian stock market. Educational system needs to reformed.
UK by UK itself),
Getting VISA for students who go to UK for studies will also become difficult.
Immigration of Indians into UK may become difficult as the UK wants to place quantitative restrictions on number of immigrants
main reason to exit. By engaging and addressing the concerns of the people and ful
The Indian businesses
2. Foreign in Europe
companies will will not in
invest heavily beindia
able so
to benefit easy travel &
good opportunities business
will ties with
be available other European countries.
to indians.
3. Export will increase India can use it as cultural advantage to tap into difference busin
BREXIT impact on India will be diverse, as India being a part o By incorporating various yojnas and schemes that will cater to n
It will impact Indian firms that are established in UK and were previously also integrated with the European Union as a result. N
As Britainishas
BREXIT left the
creating EU, border trade regulations between theIndia needs to keep a check that the skills that the working popu
fear
amongst investors and
businesses around the globe.
The
BREXITimplication
as suchofdoesn't
the BREXIT
have an immediate large impact on India. Demographic dividend refers to the young age population(20-50
will directly impact not onlyfor
Brexit will cause problems thea lot of Indian firms that have se The Indian government must ensure that the working population
Indian stock market but the
global market in totality,
India has the
including its oldest trade ties with britain. With this move those ties may be disrupted. Also there are alot of Indians living the
emerging
markets in the world. This is
because
many Indianof the high volatility
investors have in
the pound.
invested huge amounts in UK 1
so
A india
no
Indian dealwould
brexitneed
companies could
thattocause
re
are by focusing on boosting job
calibrate
an increase its operations
in unemployment
already set-up in UK might with creation and giving adequate
Europe
as there are many
face job loss and rough companies 1 training and education
such as TATA
operations. steel
Also, in the UK
immigration
India
which and
have Britain
their have had
of Indians
close ties into
with UK
each will alsoforget Proper
In ordereducation,
to preventproper
manufacturing
affected. facilities there.a
other
1 healthcare and
the
skill training
very long are
And their timefactors
now. Many such ofas demographic disaster, India
the Indian
Investments companies
ge effected,
higher logistics cost, custom have set must try to increase employment
up a base
Mergers
duties and in
andnewUK for
acquisition
regulations. deals opportunities and work on skill
production.
affected
Apart from this TheseIndiacompany
also has 1 building processes
may
to makefaceahigher
new tradechargesdealas with
now
the UK to retain the same not
the companies would
be a part
goods andofseervices.
European Union. 1
Also
It willthey
effectmaythelose
Indianout on
certain
companies establishedfrom
customer base in
Europe.
Britain orHaving
EU as saidnow that
theymany
European
won't be the Companies
same entity have
moved
anymore. their headquarters
More over policies to
some
will haveother european
to be devisedcountry By providing apt skills to all as
which will create demand in
differently. 1 per market needs
Europe and If Britain and India A healthy demographic is a
can have close ties with each necessity for every country. It is
other. India can really benefit very important to focus on each
from the demand there as and every aspect of the
India is a base of huge demographic like women
empower and higher technical empowerment. Education to
knowledge 1 children etc
back. BREXIT will impact India
in a sense where they would
have to make renewed
strategy and connections and
also make new agreements for
their benefit. They would forgo
the free trade agreement deal
which existed and renegotiate
the same. Also, we must not
forget the fact that India
invests majorly in UK and thus,
the impact would be felt. 1
BREXIT will impact India in a

way
With that it'll Britain
Brexit, open up is more
now
opportunities because
more open for international Britain,
after
trade. Thus, the relationswill
exiting from the EU
need to trade
between Indiawithand countries
Britain are India must ensure to create
and will be looking at emerging
set to significantly improve significant employment
markets such as India.
with the possibility of a Free 1 opportunities for its youth. India
Trade Agreement being has to utilize its youth
signed between the two resourcefully considering very
countries. 1 favorable demographics.
1. Ease of doing Business with UK.

2. Employability of Indian nationals in UK will decrease. By decreasing the unemploability
UK and India have very strong trade associations. There are many Indian companies which have invested in UK. So now when
- by ensuring education and literacy
Brexit will affect the exports and imports in India as Britain and EU will now have different policies and laws pertaining to the ex
ze and population as compared to other members; the higher turnover of Older citizens voting to leave the EU; Brits felt less integrated with
The recent
- India can BREXIT
emerge aswillaaffect
majorIndia,
non-EUsince after partner
trading Britain'sofExit By
the U.K. controlling
- creation population
of decent andofif there
number jobs is no control on population
- Might provide relief in terms of easier VISA rules - reducing the bureaucracy involved for foreign companies to se
BREXIT can lead to a weakening Rupee due to an impact on the foreign portfolio investment outflow. UK is one the largest exp
re that it's demographic dividend does notWhy increasing oil prices are bad for a country like IndWhat do you mean by the Reserv
Reserve repo rate is the rate that t
s for the unemployed youth, by improving the India is a country with a trend of elastic demand so increa The rate at which the banks lend to
at help each demographic. The policies should
Because it would increase transportation cost for companies
Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
can ensure demographic dividend is a success
It impacts directly goverment resources as well as decrea It is basically used to increase or
Oil is an essential commodity required largely by the manufac Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
ensuring that the current working population of - increasing the cost of imported goods
SInce india is a net importer of oil, rising oil prices will fur Reverse repo rate is the interest ra
-the logistics industry taking a hit due to rising costs
the existing goods traded between the countIncreasing
- less moneyoil prices would of
in the hands mean that thatdue
the people, the to
consumers inReverse
highers daily repo rate refers to the rate
living expenses
UK separately. Visa restrictions will be higher. - higher cost of all goods It is the rate of interest charged at
India is highly depended on export of oil, hence if the price Reverse Repo rate is the interest c
se in GDP is more than % increase in populatio
Because India is highly dependent on imports for its oil need
It is the interest rate at which bank
India imports most of the oil it uses and increasing oil pri It is the rate at which RBI takes mo
In India, the government places a high percentage of taxes on crude oil, petroleum etc. (no GS
60% of the
In India, oil isoil
crude imported and
and such arehence
used itfor
increases thethan
a lot more overall
just expenditure on A
fuel purposes. oil.significant incre
l as varied European Union Member countries.Further, a lot of our logistics is carried out via road-routes, The
given
Reverse
connectivity
Repoand Ratecomparative
is the rate
As india imports most of the oil from foreign countries, increReserve repo rate is the rate at wh
we are dependent on imports so we have to pay more in fothe rate of interest for banks if they
Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
autonomy when it comes to its job marketFor
As aacountry
countrywhich
like India, which is heavily
is dependent dependent
on interstate travelon impo
with Reverse
the secondrepo ratepopulation,
largest is the rate increa
at wh
onal courses and make more work from homeItowill majorly affect the farmers, who are already in the lower Rate
strata
withof
which
the economy
RBI borrows
sincemone
the
dividend is around 25 years.Thus we have a hu
India is a net importer of oil so increase in oil prices nega Reverse repo rate refers to the rate
with most of our oil resources imported it could lead to a hike in prices in various other fields (t
e proper education, skills training and opportuIndia is highly dependent on oil imports due to lack of nat It is the rate at which RBI borrows m
red to before resulting in higher costs and other charges. Reverse repo rate refers to the rate
res on resource allocation and educating the people.
oss demography can prevent such disaster Reverse repo rate is the rate of inte
youth in the world and by making this workforce
Countries
skilledlike
andIndia
providing
are net
employment
importers of
toOil.
themThey
canheavily
prevent Reverse
such a disaster.
Repo Rate is the rate at w
g and other incentives will result in the eff Increasing oil prices create the pressure on people more wThe rate at which the Central bank
ation system Affects export of petroleum
ing at large scale Increase intrade
Increases oil prices lead to increase in cost of production Reverse
deficit Reverse repo
repo rate
rate is
is the
the rate
rate at
at wh
wh
rganised sector Increases inflation Usage: An increase in reverse rep
its demographic dividend does not turn into Increasing oil prices are bad for a country because India imp
Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
ation structure, providing the right education India being a country with a major part of its population in Reverse repo rate is when the RBI
t to it's working
nsidering ageof
a closure population
ties of theand
UKmaking
with thethBecause
rest of EU.India mostly imports Oil from other countries. (80 The rate at which country's central
Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India which Reserve repo rate is the rate at wh
utilising its changed population structure moreAs India will increase the price of oil, oil would be import It's the rate at which central bank
by providing ample employment opportunitiesBecause 80% of the oil consumption of India is from imports.
Reserve
Reverse Repo Rateis is
repo rate therate
the ratewhich
of in
me of the Indian corporate companies have thei
Countries like India would be impacted by increasing oil pri Whenever there is access cash av
As India purchases majority of the oil barrels through imports
Reserve repoofrate
It is the Rate is theRBI
Interest rateprovid
which
It can be used to reduce the mone
gful job creation in the economy. Being a net exporter, India will not be in a position to negotIt is used to control inflation in the m
he people entering the work force or people who
1. Depreciation
are working.of INR
ndtoMSME to ensure employment opportunities
Countries
education at primary, secondary and higher an
2. Sectorslike
education likeIndia
level are major
automobile, importers
power will beofadversely
oil and hence anReverse
affected, repofurther
which will rate isaffect
the rate
the at wh
econo
bs in the manufacturing sector 3. india depends on oil imports, increasing oil prices will mean
Thiseither
is the cutting
rate used
downby on
theconsum
central
Increase in oil prices will lead to increase in cost of productReverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
mong its demographics will help each state help the other
Increasing oilinprices
casesinofbad
disasters/ monetary
for a country help etc.
like India because its a developing country and ot bec
nment by not being biased against any community/state.
Our country is highly dependant on imports for oil, so if the prices of oil goes up, so will the bi
aws for all its citizens. Increasing
It will effectoilthe
prices are badsector
automobile for a country like the
and in turn India becau Reverse
economy Repo
as a whole Rate
since is defined
people mightas th
refr
a demographic dividend does not turn into a Already the value of Rupee has fallen as compared to the repo
dollars,
ratesoisifthe
price
rate
goes
at which
up thethe
gove
co
Increase in oil price is expected to increase inflation and The raterepo
reverse at which thethe
rate is theinterest
centralrat
ba
ulation and giving everyone employement woIndia being a country which is heavily dependent on oil as itAs an instrument of monetary polic
outh is provided proper training and is ready India imports it's 80% of oil. The more the Price the more t Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
dskill development
of the for its and
hour is to reskill youth and ensure
upskill thIncreasing
young individuals
2. Increase oilinsoft
with prices willand
oil skills,
prices directly
would affectthat
machine
mean the imports
prices
learning ofwill
skills,raw maReserve
essentially
become skillsrepo
1. Reverse
more rate
expensive
that
Repo isand
willRatetheisifthem
make rate
the at
there wh
rate
more
isn
a
necessity to address employment concerns is crucial 3. Expensive
in order imports
to alleviate
wouldincome
translate
inequality
into higher
anddomestic
ensure economic
oil
2. prices
It can growth
be
andused
since
asoil
a monetary
is connected po
appropriate education, healthcare and trainingIndia is largely dependent on other countries for oil. Oil pr The rate at which RBI borrows from
e more employment opportunities in the three Increasing
ma oil prices in India when either the foreign count Repo rate is the rate at which the c
he Population Control Bill to cap the exponen India imports a lion's share of crude oil and only a fraction of its demand is serviced by interna
ion, skill based training, and health facilities, Since India is a high consumer of crude oil and majority of The banks can deposit their excess
g population with an average age of 26 yearsIndia has the second largest population and considering such It is the rate at which the central b
uropean Nation. After the exit of Britain fr India highly depends on the importing of oil from foreign c Reverse Repo Rate means the rate
ia. Items like tea and spices have seen a reduIndia is a net importer of oil. Any increase in the prices of Reverse Repo rateisisthe
repo rate therate
rateatatwh wh
the youth that is majority of its population India is a developing nation and it does not have much oil reReverse repo rate can be used to
mographic dividend does not turn int a demogr India is a net importer of oil. Therefore, a rise in the price Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
he government to provide adequate levels of edu India is the second most populated country in the world. AsThe Reverse Repo rate is the rate
ess. Increase in oil prices are bad in countries like India becau when the Indian banks deposit the
As a major portion of oil is imported from other countries and the dependency of the populatio
it's demographic dividend does not turn into Increasing
2. Increaseoilinprices areisbad
oil price for a country
negative for some like India becausReverse
sectors like Automobile repo
as costrateincreases
is the rate foratcust
wh
ning for economy 2. Central Banks' monetary 3. it increases government's expenditure and makes it difficult Reverse
to curbRepo
fiscalrate
deficit
is monetary po
evelopment. We already find ourselves stretched as the ever increasingThe rate at which
population the
and resource central
Central demands
bank bank
of a
r adversity in all cases Increasing prices in a basic commodity like Oil could mean Itincreased can be usedGovtasexpenditure,
a baseline for lowe
th
by making sure that its population is given This would raise the prices of inputs for the businesses op Repo rate is the rate at which the c
hat there is enough job opportunities and emplIndia is a country where a lot of transportation takes place The Reverse reporepo
reverse raterate
is the raterate
is the at wh
at
order to increase employability of young populBecause INR is a weak currency compared to USD. Oil payme Reverse Repo Rate is a mechanis
Repo Rate is the rate at which ban
ding demographic disaster by maintaining high India is aincrease
2) Price huge importer of oil.
in oil may About
also 80% of
increase theIndia's oil req
exchange Reverse
rate, which repo
may rate
resultisinthe interest
drop ra
in rupe
on, Training & Healthcare 3) Many
India is asectors
growingineconomy
India are and
dependent on oilhighly
is therefore as their raw Reverse
material
dependent on oilor
repo
asfuel
as rate
a part is major
for of
thetheir
rate operat
at wh
industrie
Increase in oil prices leads to increased prices and lesser supply The rate asatcompared
which RBItoborrows
demandmon
ces without any additional fees. But after BREXIT
India is a developing country whose major part of oil consum Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
The rate at which RBI borrows mon
est number of working-age population in the wIt increases the fiscal deficit. As oil prices are subsidised to an extent in India, the increase i
the UK. Some financial firms may withdraw th As India is a net importer of oil, increasing oil prices will s Reserve repo rate is the rate at wh
ng a huge population, also has a majority of With a huge population as the one in India, more and moreWhen p RBI takes a loan from the co
High oil prices will lead to higher fuel prices. High fuel The interest rate which bank gets if
Since India's major energy needs fulfilled by the oil importsIt is the rate at which the banks len
China or Japan where the population is aging,Oil could be considered a need rather than a want. In develo Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
Since there is a high demand for oil in India from all secto Reverse Repo Rate is the rate whic
ep up and strengthen its trade relations with UBecause India imports 80% of its oil requirement and any i Reverse Repo Rate is an instrume
he UK get changed in adverse manner. SinceMost t of the sectors of India are dependant on oil. And sinceIt is the rate that dictates the intere
India isimports
yet to large
makequantities
a mark in of theoilmanufacturing
in a year. Thesector,this
increase Reverse Repo Rate
would require is the interest
fuel dependencies.
outh nation. Majority of the population in In This will further widen the gap.
ducation and training of the youth to be able tIndia imports more than 80% of their oil, thus it is extremel It is the rate at which the RBI purch
India's oil requirements are very high and it cannot be decre Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
h a huge youth population and a average age India has a high trade deficit, with increasing oil prices the It is the rate at which the central
India imports nearly
3) Investments 95% of the oil demand for the country.Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
are affected
ve one of the youngest population in the agin 4) Increases the fiscal and current economic deficit As answered earlier, RBI maintains
advantage of demographic dividend population it will lead to increase in prices of goods and services depen Repo rate refers to the rate at whic
n Human development of its citizens. Because a large chunk of foreign exchange reserves are use Reverse
The reverse reporepo
raterate
is the
is arate
rateatwhic
wh
Increasing
The oil prices
increasing price are bad
of oil hasforserious
a country like as
effects india
oil becau Reverse
is a primary
The repo
interest
need. rate
Ifrate at is
higher a measure
which
price is
thepayed
Centto
India is a major consumer of oil and so Indian ruppes depreciates When repo as oilrate
prices
is increased
raises. the flo
e following aspects to ensure that the demog India is a highly dependent on imports for oil supply, increaReverse repo is the rate that the ba
Majorly Oil and Natural Gas in india has to be imported, soIt is the rate of interest that the priv
s and making sure that the youth is healthy, skbecause India imports majorly 80% of its crude oil requireme It is the rate at which the commerci
nefits of EU coming India's way. Because India imports a approximately 95 percent of its oil The a interest rate at which Central
he advantage of a demographic dividend whic Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India and i Reverse Repo rate is the interest ra
tain will be on its own, then there are chancesIndia is a developing country which relies heavily on importReverse repo rate is the rate at wh
oeurship
then being
so asa to
part of eumore jobs
create Because India relies heavily on imports of oil and the incre Reverse Repo rate is the interest r
enewable source of energy like solar power, toIndia reduce
imports
the oil
almost
import80% of its oil requirements. This means It is the rate at which the central b
In India, oil requirement is largely dependent on imports and Reverse Repo
It is the rate Rate isCentral
at which the rateBanks
at w
unt of employment opportunities for the people Due to India being a country, importing more than 80% of itsDecrease the repo-rate and borrow
al properly. It can be done by skill developmen Increase in price will also increase price of essential commo Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
mer
ion confidence
and development of its population. Human > capital
It will drive
shoulddownbe demand
trained fully
for fuel
and and
Indiareduce
shouldconsumption. Reverse
leverage that. India isRepo rate is thecountry
a developing opposite
wit
ernvestment to create
family planning ample
takes jobatopportunities.
place >It will also affect the sales of the automobile sector and reduce
the micro level. Reverse
1) its repo
consumption
"Reserve" rate isRate
Repo the refers
rate atto
whth
all education levels of the economy Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India because2) "Reverse" repo rate which bank
ment opportunities, and increasing the qualityIncreasing oil prices are bad for India as it has a high deman Reverse Repo Rate is the interest
by creating more number of jobs, investing i The increasing oil prices are bad for India because India is RRR is the rate at which the Reser
Reserve repo rate is the rate at wh
the young work force large part of government earnings come from oil and it is a itn is the rate at which commercial b
s demographic dividend does not become intoIncreasing a oil pricing is bad for country like India because IReverse repo rate is the rate at wh
ployed efficiently can contribute to the eco It is bad because India imports most of its oil and this le Reserve Repo Rate is the rate at w
ments through education, jobs and opportunities Since India imports oil, increase in pricing leads to more expenditure
nt policy will result
government in less movement of Indian80% of oil in India is imported.Govt can save 3000cr due toReverse Repo rate is the the rate a
investments
culture Because crude oil has become one of the major needs of India Interest Rate at which the bank len
dstotobemake sure
job creator that an environment is created
India increases 80% of its oil needs, so increasing oil pric Reverse repo Rate is the interest ra
and other basic facilities which result in moreIndia jobs is a growing economy and its engines run on oil so if th It is a rate at which commercial ban
aphic dividend in the country has more number of youth and if the right steps are taken to ensure employm Reverse Repo Rate as a tool is use
It will lead to inflation It is the rate at which RBI take loan
needs to take up measures to curb unemploym India is a net importer of oil. If prices increase then the a Repo rate is the rate at which comm
d its infrastructure in order to cater to the n This will increase the burden of paying more for the oil pri Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
% of its population in the working population ran India imports more than 60% of its oil requirements. If oil RBI borrows money from the banks
It will hamper the trade deficits in India and create a large gIt is the rate at which the central
ise in Per Capita Income Because India imports about 80% of its oil consumption Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
ously it came under purview of EU Developing countries like India utilities more energy for its economic activities i.e they have ve
Oil is a complimentary good for vehicles. An increase in oil prices would lead to a fall in deman
oper policies to cater to specific needs of the -we import impact
Adverse almost onall of our deficit,
fiscal oil fromstocks,
different countries.
Sensex, i
Inflation The rate at which Reserve Bank bo
- Lead to lower demand for rise in prices Rate at which Central Bank lends m
Increasing oil prices would lead to the rise of prices of bas Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
India is still a developing country. Lot of businesses are directly Reverseor indirectly
repo ratedependent
is the rateonat oil.
wh
s UK is the biggest export market of India. Almost 24% of the exchange rates of INR accounts to both An increase in the reverse repo ra
on, training, employment, health and sufficientSince

f India is heavily dependent on import of fuel, increaseRate at which central bank lends to
ves right to every Indian to move any part of Developing economy like India is heavily depended on Oil. itIncre is the rate of interest that RBI o
mographic divide we have the highest numberFor o countries like India, Its supply chain is mainly dependenReverse Repo rate is the interest ra
people in the young age groups receive right amIndia is an agrarian economy and the increase in oil prices R weverse Repo Rate is the interest
ge of a perfect demographic dividend now. China
As most industries use fuels derived from oil, it will incre Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
gh opportunities and employment for the youngerIndiapopulation
is a net oil importing nation. Increase in oil prices w Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
nd upcoming business activities and startups. Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India becau When Reverse theRepo RateBank
Reserve is theofrate of bo
India in
n equilibrium between demand and supply ofincreasing oil prices are bad for developing countries like I This is seen as a benefit by the len
his by investing in public programs like MNREGIndia's oil demands are met by majorly importing oil from othe Reverse Repo Rate is defined as th
use of BREXIT. India has to pay immense amount
is major importer of oil of excise and import duties
Repo rate is defined as the the inte
it directly links to increase in prices of all goods because of logistics cost
India is a country which has high dependency on oil from for The Reverse Repo Rate is the inte
rate at which central bank borrows
because most of the oil is imported and most of the energy Reverse repo rate increases mone
and
peonmaking them
countries asemployable.Increase in expIndia
the trade laws were laid India imports
back. abouthas
as a country 80%lowofoil
itsreserves
oil to fulfill
and thethus
needs. Thedepends
mostly Reserveon repo rate
import forisoil.
the rate of int
Increasing oil prices will mean that the expenditure for IndiaIf will theincrease
central bank
moreover
wantssince
to decrea
oil is
Because majority of the oil is imported in India and the priceReserve Repo rate is the interest ra
e sitting at office. Hike in oil prices is bad for India because India imports almo Reserve Repo Rate is the rate of in
, unification of schemes, diversification of ideDeveloping Economy, high demand, Dependency on imporInterest at which RBI loans to govt.
it's demographic dividend does not turn into Increasing oil prices are bad for India because major demand
Repo rate refers to the rate at whic
Oil is an essential element in the economy because it drives
Repo rate is the rate at which the R
d for India can be a resource for India, with thHigher import bills, leading to depreciation in the rupee, le The Reverse
Reverse* Repo repo rateitisisathe
Rate- moneta
rate a
It is an important monetary policy i
uld have to ensure that people in the age of this is because a large proportion of oil (80% approx) that when the central bank wants to dec
pulation for them to be able to contribute t India
3.Hurtis the
a net importer of oil. If oil prices increase the tr
economy It is the rate at which RBI borrows m
4. Fiscal Deficit Reverse Repo rate means the rate
India imports nearly 80% of its oil consumption and therefore Repo
Reverse raterepo
is the long
rate term
is the borrowin
interest ra
younger population of the country are sufficienIncreasing oil prices are bad for a country for India, as Indi The reverse repo rate is used as a
s and their depletion. Need to follow sustainablNo alternative fuel is accessible and affordable, and reliancReverse repo rate - the rate at whi
Oil is used heavily in India, and not just by the elite class but also by families lying in the lo
hanges there is uncertainty in the export marke The increase in oil prices increases the cost of transportingReverse Repo rate is interest which
elt that the regulations were biased and di Because India is one of the largest importers of Oil. High oiReserve Repo rate is a rate of inter
edge building are the ways in which the increaIndia is heavily dependent on transportation of goods by roThe reverse Repo rate is the rate a
rs subsidies and benefits and charges higher There is more pressure to import oil at higher prices. Hen Reverse Repo rate means the rate
ave certain free trade agreements with them. India
Ho will have to pay a larger price for its oil requirement The rate at which the Reserve Ban
providing the right opportunities for the right pIt is bad because 80% of our oil comes from imports. This The Rateminimum
at which amount
the central of cash
bankthat of a
India is a leading importer of Oil and hence increasing oil prReverse Helps in repo money ratesupply
is thewithin
interest thechc
when reverse repo rate increases,
at it's demographic dividend does not turn i India An increase
does not in have
oil prices
largewould
natural mean weakening
reserves of oil. of
Asthe Indian
a growingReverse repo
country
Repo rate
withRate is is
the
a strong therateratewhich
thirst for
chao
hing for the demographic dividend to not trans Increase in oil prices indicates that it will cost more money to It isbuyused
thebysame
the RBI
amount to ensure
of oil. Sintha
nt Rates are one
demographic source.
dividend fromWhen a major
turning chunkCountry
of
into demographic like Indiabywith
disaster its huge
ensuring dependency
ample on natural
and appropeiate resoReverse
employment Repo Rate to
opportunities is the
all. rate at w
making India a preferred destination for businesses Petroleumto manufacture
forms a veryand big run
shareoperation
of India'ssoimport
that employment
bill as India isimports
Reverse generated.
Repomajority
Forisof
rate thisitsease
the petroleum
rate at of whdo
India is a net importer of oil. Increase in oil price will affe If the government intends to increa
by providing proper education , job opportunitiIndia depend
1. Each on exports
industry heavily for 80%
relies onofOil
itsand
oil consumption.
if the prices ofIncReserve
goes upRepo
OilReverse repo Rate
thenrate
the is is
price
thetheof
raterate
commod at w
which
barriers and little to no tariffs. 2. Apart from the above mentioned indirect effect, there willItbe is a used
direct
by effect
the RBI as in most
order of to
thecop
er countries post BREXIT. When UK was a part Increasing
of the oil prices are bad for a country like because IndiReverse repo rate is the interest ra
n trade laws and hence impact the economy. It will result in the downfall of the economy as India is developing It is thenation
rate atand
whichexports around b
commercial 8
on policy, encouraging people to have limited Because India relies largely on imports for oil consumption. It can be increased by RBI to enco
grown talent and educating and training the India imports oil for majority of its oil demand. Rising oil p Reverse repo rate is the rate of int
hen the the birth rate is low and mortality r India, India iswhile
a developing
not beingcountry and risingisprices
an oil producer, heavilyfordependent
oil will Reverse
on it. Therepo rate means
country has to importthe rate oila
as extended by the EU. With Brexit, UK is E.g. Airline, Shipping & Auto industries will take a hit whenThe oil prices
Reversego up,
Repo in rate
terms is oftherising
rate t
r with respect to any demography can turn deIncreasing oil prices is bad for India since it fulfills majorit Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
aphic dividend means the growth in the economy In my understanding, higher crude prices adversely affect tReverse repo rate is the rate at wh
ng its Fiscal
There Deficit
can also to prevent
increase turning
in taxes, of de
duties etc. India is a also
2. Import
will highly Itpopulated
bill -have
willtoincrease country
negotiate withtrade
thea import
new abill
hugeof
dealamount
thewith
country of act
United
asIt India
is done
Kingdom tobecause
does increase
not extract UKtheoil
isinvestme
no
on long
its o
mber
thenof itsimmigrants.
educational infrastructure. Allocate more 3. Exchange rate - Exchange
money to education and also raterestructure
risk will always prevail
the entire as
Reverse
depreciating
education repo rate
system rupee
in is the
India. meansrate we at wh wil
ation to everyone who needs it by providing universal India imports
ration75% cardsof which
its oil. could
An increase
be used in anywhere
the prices in of the
o Reverse
country.
IncreaseThis repo
RRR would
rate isbethedifficult
- decrease rate atbec
money whs
t opportunities India is in top 5 oil consumers of the world Reduce RRR- increase money sup
it's demographic dividend does not turn into India has high dependancy on imports for its oil requiremenReverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
hat the talent of the youth should be channel For a country like India which is in a developing stage prices Reserve Repo rate is the rate at wh
India is a country which imports most of its oil requirement.Reverse Reverse Repo Rateis is
repo rate thetheinterest
rate atra w
portunities for people to work and solving th India is a net importer of OIL. Majority of the oil consum Similarly, lower reverse repo rate m
mography better Indian people are majorly employed in agriculture sector. Th Its the interest rate at which the RB
s demographic dividend does not turn into a Increasing oil prices are bad for country like India becaus Reserve Repo Rate is the rate at w
Most vehicles in India run on fuel and the entire transportatReserve repo rate is the rate at wh
yment, especially in the rural areas this is because the demand for oil in india is very high becareverse repo rate is the rate at wh
be facing tariffs for its products, it will provi India is a net importer of oil. Even a 1$ decrease in the oil Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
iffs because
Sarva ShikshaofAbhiyan,
structuralNational
changes. India is heavily dependent on imports for oil. Oil is the raw Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
Education Policy
ational
efits Food
from the Policy
European Union nations. Because India is one of the largest importers of crude oil inReverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
ncrease revenue. In a country like India, an increase in price of a commodity A Reverse Repo Rate can be defin
Because majority of the oil is imported to India from other countries. There is very less produc
eters that lead to demographic segmentation Most of the industry is heavily oil dependent and if the priceReverse repo rate is the rate at wh
acted.The foreign investments will be impact
regularly for development of various demographic In a developing
fronts country like India, people are very much reThe rate at which RBI borrows from
By RBI to control liquidity and infati
Increasing oil prices lead to increase in transportation cos Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
will ensure that demographic dividend doesn't India's economy is highly depended on logistics supply chain Reverse
i Repo Rate is the interest
nk of its population which i classified as youth.India is a big importer of oil. Increase in oil prices will in Reverse repo rate is the interest ra
tion, training and healthcare, India can ensureCountries like India meet majority of their oil demand througReserve Repo Rate is the rate of in
eds
his, to solve
more the problem
channels wouldofopeneducating ourfor
for India y the
It istrade,
bad for
for India
importsbecause a majority of our energy needs aThe reverse repo rate is the rate of
and Exports,
stments and other opportunities. India might benefit from this opportunity. to show the economy of the nation. If the Oil prices increases in
Oil prices are just a reference
g stricter norms for people outside Britain. Indian Indiastudents
imports and moretourists
than half
might
of the
faceoilthis
requirements.
challenge. It pro Reserve repo rate is the rate of int
India imports most of its oil (around 85%) So an increase i Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
The rate at which the government o
elationships with India in terms of manufacturing Reverse Repo Rate is a rate at wh
ob opportunities People and goods movement decreases; affecting the business It is used
Reserve environment
to curb
repo rateliquidity of curren
is the rate at wh
e are enough job opportunities and the dem Increasing oil prices is bad for a country like India becaus In times of inflation, an increase in
mployment
lding shouldfor
bethe citizenupon.
focused of Britain. India is one of the largest importer of crude oil across the world. The hike in the oil prices there
e given importance. Increasing oil prices would mean higher expenditure for a Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
kill development, education and work opportunit India imports most of its oil requirements Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
t demographic disaster by investing in skill d Major portion of Indian Oil Consumption is imported and whe Reverse Repo rate Rateisisthe
theinterest
rate thera
developing skills Country like India, where majority comes under service secto Its usage as monetary policy instru
India does not have much reserves of oil. So, it's 80% of oilReserve Repo rate is the rate at wh
affect the exports since UK is the largest expIndia 1. BOP is agets
country which
effected, imports
which put oil is largeon
pressure quantities.
the balanceIn sheet
Reverse repo rate is the interest ra
Skill development centers)and providing bett 2. Significant amount is required for gathering oil. If not increased It is interest
Reverse it repo
canrate
be percentage
used
rate forrate
is the other
paid
at wel
theb
e by ensuring the availability of adequate numb Increase in the oil prices would be detrimental to the develoIt plays a significant role towards k
India is a country which heavily dependent on other countrie Reverse Repo rate is the rate of int
demographic dividend does not turn into demo Increasing Oil prices are bad for a country like India
4)Hurts the consumer- Fuel forms a major portion of the spending becau Reversefrom Repo Rate
the is theofrate
income the at
avew
e skill development, education, health and san5) Fiscal deficit- Since the govt has to pay for the imports of Thefuel.
rate at which any central bank
ensions and also might create riots if demogr Increasing oil prices can increase the prices of essential Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
Europe from what they had before BREXIT. InIndia highly dependent on Oil imports(about 80%) thus import Reverse
b Repo rate is the rate at wh
None Reverse Repo Rate is a mechanism
andofatthe
ne theyoungest
same time it also provides
populations opportun
in the world. Increase
This means in oil
thatprices
thereisareextremely detrimental
a lot of people who arefor alooking
countryforReverse Repo rate opportunity
employment.This is the rate atnee
wh
e hasavailability
ment been great emphasis on gender equalityIndia and is this
one needs
of thetotop
continue
importers
for "as
of oil.
long In as
here,
the there
sun shines."
are Reverse
Many statistics
repo-ratepoint
is the
outrate
the at
fact
wht
e skill set of the workforce. India has oil as a major import. The country from which is imp Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
ent opportunities in the economy. Oil prices have a direct correlation with the inflation/rise The rate at which the commercial b
their states divided on the basis of language India imports 80% of their oil requirement . And the final pr Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
e european market but with BREXIT in plac As the oil prices would increase, they would have a direct effect of increase in petrol and diese
dividend makes india a market for almost all t Increasing oil prices increases the out flow of the country's Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
e policies and regular checks in place Increasing oil prices is bad for india as for every 1$ increa Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
mployment and providing youth proper skill set required as per industry in order to make them job fit. Reverse Repo Rate is the interest
The rate at which banks give credit
e education and skill development so that theOil is one of the most extensively used raw material for for It is the rate at which the RBI borro
As majority of Inida's oil requirement is fulfilled by Imports It is the rate at which banks lend m
Reverse Repo Rate is the rate cha
mployment opportunities, create training prograIndia depends too much on import of oil most of India's deman the reverse repo rate is the rate at
mographic benefit, but it needs to maintain theIncreasing oil prices are bad from countries like India bec Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
is would be to ensure proper skill development programs are there in place that would cater to the em Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
because india imports 80% of oil. Rate at which RBI borrows money
ue to growing Protectionism. Many job lossesIncreasing
may
3) forcerupee
Indian Oil
Ukprices
indians reduces
to return
will depreciate theback
in forex
casetoreserves
theprices
oil country.
of
gothe
up.counReverse repo rate is the price at wh
4) Fiscal deficit In case there is a decrease of fund
test growing
tions with the economies becausedividends
best demographic of its propor
i.e.India is an
highest extremely
number and price sensitive
proportion country.class
of working An increase i Reverse
population. It is usedRepo
as a Rate
tool toiscontrol
the rateinflati
at w
to ensure this is used effectively is better education
India is and
a manufacturing-driven
more options for employment.
nation that With
is heavily
the recent
dependchange
Similarly,
to the
a decrease
education in system,
the rate th
ca
and India for FTA. This deal will now take highIncrease in oil [rices is bad for company like India because Reserve repo rate is when banks h
As oil prices rise, prices of all other commodities rises. for Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
n and skill development. Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India becau Reverse Repo Rate- Rate isisthe
therate
rateatatww
ng extra custom duties and transportation cost. because India imports 80% of Oil requirements and this accou The higher the Reverse Repo, the
d allows more people to be in the working sec-Increasing oil prices

The population are bad
of India for aand
is more country
they like Indialarge
require because It is the
quantity of rate
oil foratusage.
when the central
- Crude oil is traded in dollars and as such the the value ofReverse Indian rupees
repo ratein terms
refersoftodollars
rate atis
ng job creation India can ensure hat it's dem A fall in price would drive down the value of its imports. Th Rate at which the central bank of a
It is the rate which RBI pays interes
India imports a large amount of its oil
exit there is a possibility that the benefits that companies used to get earlier might not get. requirements and is o Increase in reverse repo rate may
Because india is major importer of oil and if prices are highReverse Repo rate is that rate at w
community fights in India can decrease the diIndia is the importing 82% of the crude oil and the increaseThe reverse repo rate is the rate at
e amending the archaic labour and land laws, Hence for any country with a net importer of oil, rising prices Hence,
are a anrepounavoidable
and reverse burden
repo rate
rtunities to people and by providing educatio India imports almost 80% of its oil. Thus, an increase in t Reverse repo rate
This instrument is is
usedthe to
rate at wht
control
r it was easier to access the entire european Increasing
market fromoilUK.prices
Also,
aredoing
bad because
business India from UK
is a was
manufacturi
helpful for
Thethecentral
indianbankfirmsborrows
in gainingfrombusin
the
India is not an oil-exporting country, so if there is an increasReverse Repo Rate is the interest
new terms of agreement with Britain which m As India exports most of its oil, this would increase the nat Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
dividend is the population strength in terms India is a developing country majorly the outsourcing Hub fo Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
wo countries as now there would be import d consumption of oil in india is huge as compared to its supplReverse Repo rate is rate at which
India imports much of it's oil production and with increasingthe o interest rate at which RBI borro
on health and educational sectors so as to grow It is bad because India is a net importer of oil. Every 10 dollReverse repo rate is the rate at wh
an exports. The major
India reason is the
is a developing consumption
country which relies pattern in India.
heavily on theMost Reverse
manufacturing Repo
As a monetary rate
sector is the
policy
for rate atinwh
instrument,
increase rg
e pre-existing deals in a loss. Increasing oil prices drive up the cost of production and reduces At an profits,
increased discouraging
RR, commercial supplieb
India is a developing country and the growth is highly dependent on industrial growth. This req
ncrease the employability increase in oil prices will increase the import price and since Reserve repo rate is the interest re
f foreign trade policies. Policies that were a India is a manufacturing and trading hub, with heavy transpor The rate at which the central gover
e imparted to the demographic dividend so Depletion of foreign exchange reserves as oil is bought in dThe rate at which the RBI borrows
can be conflicts related to trade issues with because India relies heavily for the foreign countries like Reverse Repo rateisisthe
repo rate theinterest
rate at wh
ra
th and resources effectively and closing the India is a country that relies majorly on imports for oil re RBI uses this rate to control mone
ct the trade prospects of India. India is a country that is dense in population and the trade Reverse* Repo rate is a rate at wh
India imports more than 90% of its oil demand. So increasing Reverse repo rate
if rbi increase is the
reverse raterate
repo of inte
the
making sure that the diverse population it hasasi india imports oil so high oil price would lead to increase and when rbi wants to increase mo
ort from the country. India is the one the biggest importer of oil. Increasing pricereverse repo rate
As a monetary are controlled
Policy instrument, byw
ation and Health Sectors. We are not an oil producing nation rather we import huge a Example: A decrease in the Rever
g and quality education for the youth. This w India imports most of its oil requirement, so increasing pri It is rate at which RBI borrows mon
he disparity in the demographics and the amoIndia
With imports
increaseoilinfor theof
price consumption. When
oil every time, oil prices
the burden risetoReserve
shifts When
India in Repo
there
formisofrate
moreismoney
the rate of int
supply
nalism and feeling of residents of India not of contraction in foreign reserves. This decreases the extra money s
India imports a huge percentage of its oil demand from other Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
falling oil prices would drive down the value of imports. Also, This is exact opposite of Repo rate
to all and skill development to make people India imports majority of its oil needs and spends up dollar Increase in CRR and SLR defines
bs
n investments, improvise the travel industry, en
Increasing oil prices are bad for india because most of the Reverse repo rate is the rate which
ely provide their goods and services among t Because it imports most of the oil from other countries and Reverse Repo rate Rateisisthe
therate
rateatatwh
w
its demographic dividend does not turn into India is a developing country and lot of production in India It is used as an instrument to redu
Since countries like India are majorly dependent on Import Reverse of Repo Rate
rate isisthe
a rate
rateatatwh
wh
f its population in the youth category and h Since India depends heavily on import of crude oil, nearly 7 Reverse Repo is used as a mecha
Reverse Repo rate (Reverse Repu
Increase in oil prices would result in the increase of manufacturing costs which would in turn re
ur working
schemes age to
need population but the amount incrHigh
be launched India import
is considered to be a
dependence developing
- As India is anation. This means
developing countryth
The rate which
its energy the commercial
consumption is very ban
hig
eated Destroy the Economy- Major sectors of the Indian economy RRR
are is
dependent
the rate aton
which
the price
the RBI
of fos
bo
e demographic dividend to not turn in an demog India is an importer of oil for it's manufacturing and consumReverse Repo Rate refers to the in
Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India becausReserve Repo Rate
Rise in reverse repomeans the
rate will rate
lead
Because India has no oil reserves and at the same time, it isFall in reverse repo rate will curb in
unds to every section of society will ensure l Because of high demand of oil and high imports of oil from Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
Increasing oil prices always remain a concern for a country which is heavily dependent on imp
better employment opportunities are providedBecause India is a developing country and the major part ofReverse Repo rate is a rate at whic
Since India is still a growing economy where oil is a primaryReserve Repo rate is the amount o
r ties and increase transportational, custom an Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like india becau The rate at which Commercial Ban
nfrastructure for the growth of education sec India depends on imports for oil consumption and moe thanReverse 80 repo rate is the rate at wh
ulation of young people who are capable of work India is a net importer of oil and its economy is highly dep Reverse Repo Rate is the interest
d of India refers
education to the population diversity of India relies heavily on imports for satisfying its crude oi
at grassroots The reverse repo rate is the rate at
institutes to open colleges in India India imports most of its oil from the middle. Increased oi repo rate is rate charged by by cen
hat resources are not concentrated in certain India is a major oil importer due to which increasing oil pr Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
Increasing oil prices is bad for india because india is highl Repo rate is the rate at which the c
workforce to avoid redundancy in the skills and - Reduction
prevent unemployment
in disposable income for households Rate at which the RBI borrow from
training, especially in rural areas - Rising cost of production for the industries like automobiles The reverse repo rate is the rate at
For a country like India which imports 80% percent of its oi Reserve Repo Rate is the rate at w
d. Also major Indian Conglomerate giants havHigh prices of public transportation, High maintenance costReverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
ate training, education and healthcare Since india is net importer of oil, increase in oil price will increase the expenditure and hence t
ain the most from demographic dividend by taCountry like India is highly dependent on the import of Oil Reverse repo Reporaterateisisatherateinterest
at which a
Because India imports nearly all of it's oil. If oil prices in It is used to control inflation or spe
de. It1.will affect logistics
A majority anddemand
of our oil cost of is
goods in short exports,
met through run and even
risingaffect automobile
oil prices will mean sale in long
higher run
gover
ies for investment and trade alike. A higher
2. India is aexpenditure
huge consumer will lead
of oilto larger fiscal deficit, as the
Reverse
revenue repo
is rate
alreadyis theaffected
rate atduewh
hic dividend to not turn into demographic disa 3. Increase in oil means increase in logistical costs of all industries Reserve even Repovegetables
rate is the rate and offruits
int
U these companies would loose their suppli Increasing So increase oilinprices are bad
oil prices has for India impact
a direct because onIndia is a m Reverse
the economic repo rate
development ofisa the rate like
country which In
gn investments in India without EU oversight, Finally this increase in expenditure trickles down to companies and citizens as increased taxe
trade partner.
based there it isIndia invests that
imperative more in UKwith
a deal thanthe
in EU
the isrest of the EU
reached combined.
to minimise theAny major changes in the political framework of the UK has a
disruptions.
spects for student, work visas and FDI rules. India imports more
also has to create an ecosystem where entrepreneurship is encouraged and jobs are than 80% of its oil and this means paying in foreign currency. This increase
created.
ponsibility of providing basic needs to its India
population. imports majority of its oil. Due to
velopment of rural as well as the urban part. 2. Majority of the population is middle class and this would the weakening of I Reverse
have an Repoeffectsrateon is thesavings
their rate of intan
uring social and economic equality 3. Concluding, both production and consumption would get2.affected. Used to control inflation/deflatio
nd subsidies to set up factories in remote, Yes increasing oil prices are bad for India as it increases t Reverse Reserve Repo Rate is the a rate which
interest
Since India imports oil to fulfil a vast majority of oil requi Similarly, a decrease in the Revers
and mortality rate Repo rate is the
The reverse repo rate
rateatiswhich the c
generally
on its demographic dividend by ensuring that India th is heavily reliant on Oil from foreign nations. India Currently the repo rate is 4% and r
ry skills and resources to its population base.India exports almost 82% of its oil requirement. An increaseReverse Repo rate is the rate of int
sh flow. Reverse-Repo rate is the rate at wh
Oil prices are controlled by government and it levies high Reserve repo rate is the percentag
opportunities across all demographics and paIndia is a country which has very little oil reserves of its It is the interest
Reverse Repo Rate that the Central
is the rate at w
ormulate & implement a law adhering to Two-Child Policy to control overpopulation. RBI uses this as a monetary policy
tation of various rural programs, India can enIncreasing oil prices can have direct effect on the populatioReverse repo rate is the rate at wh
ate education, training and health care because india is a developing country with high energy consum Reverserepo
reverse reporate
rateisisthetherate
rateatatwhic
wh
he biggest factor of indian demographic. If Because India is a buyer
Import dependence- of is
As oil Oilsomething
and not the wesupplier. Theretoit do
cannot afford influences
with ourtheimportlevelexpenditure
of investmen is
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an given the freedom to trade and the governm We are a oil importer so, when the price increase, the morereverse repo rate is that rate at whi
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s including India also. India had their tra India with a population of 1.4 Bn with very low reserves of oil Reverse Repo Rate means if bank
support break socio-political barriers, prom As a developing nation, access to oil resources becomes es Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
Reserve Repo Rate is the rate at w
Because India imports approximately 80% of the oil it uses.Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
tter used for betterment of their own country India is a country that is heavily dependent on imports to f Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
eation so that people do not remain unemplo Because it adds to country's debt since oil needs of India aReverse repo rate is the rate at wh
inclusive of everyone
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n an economic downfall which will cause the Increasing oil prices are bad for India as oil are imported t Reserve repo rate is the rate at wh
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age refers to a situation where because of its Iandia imports majority of its oil requirements and also indi Reverse repo rate refers to the inte
Because India imports oil and a high amount and value of im When the RBI borrows money from
s of the population so that the young generatIncreasing oil prices will lead to a rise in production costs Reverse repo rate is the rate of inte
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or rural areas 5. Leads to increase in India's fiscal deficit
o have a negative effect as India invests Countries like India depends on other countries for oil. TheyIt's a rate at which commercial ban
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place by their government. India largely depends on oil. From manufacturing sector to automation sector, from an industry
s should be implemented as is done by ChinaSince India imports its major chunk of its oil from outside, Reverse Repo Rate is the at which
t the population has access to and maintains Iandia is by far a net importer of oil and higher prices will The Reserve Repo Rate is one at w
India imports most of it oil from other countries. India does not have enough oil resources of it
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whichthethecentral
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Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India beca Central bank increasereverse repo
lopment of Infrastructure 2- It will also lead to increase in prices in domestic market and people will miserly purchase th
of Human and Natural resources 3- India is an agriculture driven economy and requires a lotRepo of fue.rates
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in the Indian branches will now be subjected As to. India
India This is oil
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EU members and benefits of the same. Now India Also,will
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on the demographic dividend, India needs to make sure it takes advantage of its growing working populatio Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
ployment rate and decreasing the poverty India has huge population and to cater this population we nee Reverse Repo rate is the interest r
yes it is because we import most of our oil Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
o british education India is a major imported of oil . Hence increase in oil priceReverse Repo Rate is rate at which
es , which would affect the companies adversely. We import a major percentage of our oil so it may lead to i Reverse repo rate is the lending ra
een 2 countries with the regulations of the EU.India imports 83.4 percent of its needs as far as crude oil reserve Repo rate is the rate at wh
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bs. India imports 80% of its oil requirements. As prices of oil RBI can borrow money from comm
quality of education.
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ary facilities
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agriculturewith
and the
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Since India imports most of its oil, rising fuel prices would It can be used to reduce the suppl
ify who all are eligible and capable of wor India is an importer of oil. Almost 80% of its oil requirementReverse repo rate is the rate at wh
an be trained, increase investment in digital
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ade to a particular demographic group, it may Indian economy is largely dependent on the price of oil as an Reverse Repo rate s the rate at wh
olatility in pound. Britain is largest export m Because majority of automobiles and industries are dependent It is the rate at which the central ba
India imports oil from other countries and increasing oil price Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
will remain to be high in India it wont be ab Product and goods price of India heavily depends on transport Reverse repo-rate is the interest ra
workforce which can prove to be an asset if it High oil prices decrease the profitability of many oil compa It is the rate at which the central
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India isreport
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engineer
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d act as as an option for these investments. So Increasing oil prices are bad for India since India is a majorThe interest charged by the banks
port market for India. It also creates fear in Increasing oil prices is bad for India because India is a hugThe reverse repo rate is the rate at
India imports almost 80% of its oil needs and increase of o Reverse The Reserve repoBank
rate isofthe
India sometim
interest ra
be diversified with various industries so that evIncreasing oil prices are bad as India is one of the biggest Hence RBI uses Repo rate to man
and the companies have to bear the brunt of Oil being one of the major imports in India, increase in its Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
idend should be treated with equity as opposed Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India sinc Rate at which commercial banks bo
Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India becausReverse Repo
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it puts a further strain on economy because when oil prices This helps to keep the money supp
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at wh
India is major oil exporter thus every time oil prices rise,the It is an instrument RBI uses to con
e highest percentage of its population in th As India imports oil from gulf countries, so increase in pric Reverse Repo Rate refers to rate o
e changing factors that invited these divid India is one of the major consumers of oil products and maximum of this comes from imports.
Rate of interest paid by RBI to the
Since India is a
on system into a skilled based approach thus leading to employment potential.net importer of oil by a long margin. With rising oil prices, India's import costs i
sector would be productive. India is a major importer of Oil. So if the prices of oil rise It is rate at which central bank of
s possible to full employment - there is still Since India imports most of its oil from other countries, inc Reverse Repo Rate refers to the ra
Because we are a net importer of oil, and oil being used in Reverse tr repo rate is the rate of inte
ducation and training to the huge manpower,Increasing oil prices lead to increase in Budget deficit sinc Reserve Repo rate Rateisisthetherate
interest
whic
graphic features like place, people and try to Increasing oil prices is bad for a country like India becaus When Reserve Repo Rate increas
emographic dividends into the demographic dis It would lead to inflation then prices of other perishable g It is used during the period Inflatio
e free access across continent. UK has been a Import rate high, prices high
king to bring back manufacturing to their shore Increasing oil prices would lead to reduced movement of goo Reverse
Reserve Repo Rateis is
repo rate thedefined
rate ataswhth
pation
its youth and increase it productivity, bus Increasing oil prices leads to rise in diesel prices which lea It is used
is young. Training them and making them employable, would help india to grow. But if that population is not trained, then they would c to control the money sup
ation should be the top priority. India imports majoirty of it's oil demand. Increasing oil pri Reserve repo rate is the interest ra
ent and use of skilled labor can improve the Increasing oil prices can lead to increasing cost of servic Reverse Repo Rate - It is the intere
uraging and supporting Indian enterprises. Increasing oil prices is bad for a country like India becauseReverse Ratio is the rate at which R
at the demographic dividend does not turn in India is a country which primarily depends upon foreign impo Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
measure to provide education, skill developme As we are the net importer of oil, the payments sent to the The reverse repo rate is the rate a
ll have adverse impact on the Indian EconomIncreasing Oil prices are bad for India as oil is a critical i Reverse Repo Rate is rate at which
ident
ute of that india has
excellence forcan be of
higher great advantageAs
education buindia is a country with majority of it's oil consumption being met from imports so if the oil
h opportunities for STEM careers Because India is import oriented country as far as its energy Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
Increase in oil prices will increase make everything more exThe rate at which the RBI pays inte
asingHuman Development Index (HDI), India can As we know that India imports oil from foreign countries, i Reverse repo rate is the interest ra
andard of living, increasing growth, maintaininIncreasing oil prices are bad for India as majority of oil in Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
BREXIT). It will impact the Indian stock market. Indian businesses based out in U.K. will be hampered as It is the rate at which the central ba
port regulations, Change in ease of doing bu Because India is a major importer of Oil and increased pr Reverse repo Reporate
raterefers
is an important
to the rate
India imports a majority of its oil needs hence it is dependentThis gives
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Increase in oil prices will increase India's overall expenditurReverse
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India imports most of oil from other countries and due to thisWhen reverse repo rate is increas
Repo rate is the rate that the RBI c
that all the economic activities are spread th Increasing oil prices directly leads to higher transportatio Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
same bargaining power now as it did when it 80% of India's oil requirements comes through imports.
ality employment opportunities this can h Increasing oil prices can increase inflation. Cost of goods Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
mplyment opportunities, by encouraging the spiriIndia is one of the largest oil importers in the world, a lo Reverse Repo Rate is the rate that
d can turn into a disaster if the number of wo India is an Oil Importing Nation and it import oil in very lar The rate at which commercial bank
India is not an oil producer and maximum demand for oil is met by imports. If oil prices increas
As oil is a basic necessity required by all, and Indian popu The rate at which the RBI takes loa
keep its working population higher than the reRising oil prices will directly affect the consumption of peo It is the rate at which central bank
With the population size of India, the consumption is very high. Reverse repo rate
A majority is the
of this rate
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imported
its demographic dividend does not turn into Moreover, if the prices rise, there will be an increase in theReversedisparityRepo
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at the
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time of deflation R
An increase in oil prices is bad for a country like India bec Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
its demographic dividend does not turn into Increasing oil prices is bad for a country like India because Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
dia is the 3rd largest FDI to the UK in terms of number of projects. Also, UK is the third largest investor Reverse repo rate is a rate at which
es should be given different priorities and no India is one of the countries that deals with the issue of Reverse Repo rater is the rate at w
litical environment and stricter laws to deal wIncreasing Oil prices effects the logistics and supply chai Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
code of conduct which will be followed by BriMajor revenue for government of india is through oil. With sReverse Repo rate is the rate of int
der EU as imports were regulated by EU. ThiIndia is a heavy exporter of crude oil. As oil prices rise, Rate at which Central bank of a co
meet most
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of its oil import and from
requirements increase
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it would have to formulate a separate new polAlso, India is a high fuel consumption country as most of the The agricultural
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once it gets separated from Europe. In such aIndia is a currently that has to import enormous amounts ofReverse oi Repo rate refers to the rat
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ate education, training and healthcare. India imports 82% of its oil spending billions every year. F Reserve Reverse repoReporaterateisrefers
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to rate th
at a demographic dividend does not turn into aBoth the options, will further hamper India's growth, as more Themoney
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Because it is indirectly linked to falling value of Indian currency hence affecting the citizens.
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more on Skill Development Increasing oil prices are detrimental for a country like India Reverse Repo Rate is the interest
again re-negotiated. India depends heavily on oil imports to accomodate its enorReverse repo rate is the interest ra
us of skilled labour. Indian population is heavily dependent on personal vehicleReverse Reserve Repo Rate is the rate
rate implies thatof
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d be provided with better education, training aBecause India has to fulfill its oil requirements through Imp Central banks use this instrument
ensure that the right amount of resources a India is a heavy consumer of oil, having most of its economiReverse Repo rate is the rate of int
India use oil for a variety of manufacturing processes The interest rate at which banks len
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because high demand for oil and govt provides it at a subsirate at which the central bank of a
s such as incentives to encourage school andIndia is heavily dependent on imports to satisfy its demand Reverse
f Repo rate is the rate at wh
as an FDA will come to different countries ot India as a economy operates on very less margins.With incre Reverse repo rate is the interest re
Primarily because India exports around 80% of its crude oilThe rate at which
requirements. the central
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Because, India chareges a lot of tax on Oil ,hence increasing the oil repo
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demographic dividend does not turn into a deThe increase in oil prices would increase the value of its impAn increased repo rate would mea
With heavy demand for oil and very low production for the sa Reverse Repo Rate (RRR) is the ra
if India is youth which it can use to its bene India imports a major percentage of its oil
be one the major goals of the government. Skill India policy implemented is able to equip a person such thatrequirements fr When the central
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Reverse
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pportunities to work and grow to the young popu Oil is used as an input in manufacturing goods like paints Reverse Repo rate is the rate the b
ion and the right towards the country Because India majorly
2. It negatively impact imports oil, so
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rate of the country.
he equality in the regions and give weightag 3. For the developing country like India, if the crude price increases Reserve Repo then more
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1) India imports majority of oil & hence gretaer cash outflowReserve repo rate is the rate at wh
itain is not a part of the European Union, India2)can Higher oil prices
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decrease in future avenues for the individuals. Since Oil acts as a major source of revenue for the Governm Reverse repo rate is used to regul
has the youngest population in the world. ThiOil and oil products are not just a direct raw material in a Reverse Repo rate refers to the rat
The rate of interest at which the ce
phic dividend from turning into a demographic The d increase in oil prices are bad for India because the co Usage- The central bank has cont
- Because India is heavily dependent on oil for the transport , industrial purpose and many oth
reverse repo rate is the rate which
India can ensure equal opportunities for all Increase in oil prices will increase its import costs When a central bank borrows/keep
have to be made India exports most of its oil since we do not have oil reserves to produce it ourselves. Due to t
l have
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ion across various demographics and genders. - Depreciation of Rupees. This is due to the increase in theIncreasing trade deficit Reverse Repo rate ens
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India is an imported of oil. Increasing oil prices would lea Repo rate is the rate at which RBI l
mpanies will need to rethink their strategy, m Increasing oil prices will lead to an increase in inflation which will result in the increase the pric
reverse repo rate is the rate at whi
can turn into demographic disaster if they are Oil is imported in India. Increase in price for the same lea The reverse repo rate is the rate at
orm rules and norms to all its citizens keepingBecause with increase in oil prices trade and logistics cost Rate at which RBI takes loans from
emographic dividend does not turn into a demo Increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India becausReverse Repo Rate is the rate at w
countries. The BREXIT deal will impact these employees as the people who are not residents of the Britai Reserve Repo Rate is the rate at of w
in
g population with the skills required in the comFor a country like India which is hugely dependent on crude Whenever there is a situation in th
We're heavily dependent on imports for procuring oil which increases costs and often leads to
Increasing oil prices is bad for a country like India as there Reverse Repo rate is the rate at wh
but also it has to check on the Joblessness We are developing country... Increase in oil prices would ma The rate at which RBI borrows mon
nment policies should be such were a balanceIndia
b is a developing country and the fuel consumption is i Reverse repo rate is the rate at wh
t chance of improving the trade relations be In a developing country like India, where manufacturing andReverse repo rate refers to the rate
As the country is heavily dependent on oil as a source/raw The interest rate that banks earn in
ollowing her failed attempts to reach a consensus. Boriss Johnson has finally made an exit possible for BritIt is the rate at which commercial b
ng sector to boost employment There is a huge dependence in Indiaa for oil due to vehicleIt refers to the interest rate at whi
he decade high unemployment rate, The more Increasing oil prices are bad in a country like India because India hardly produce any oil and h
ographic advantage because of its youth populat
Indian economy is highly dependent on imports for meetingIti is the rate at which RBI borrows m
Reserve Repo Rate refers to the ra
king on the improving the quality of demographic dividend by focussing on education and healthcare, so that in future they can be easily em
Higher oil prices will push the import bill higher leading to hiIt is the rate at which the central
liberty and equality to all the people. Foreign Exchange rate changes and Production cost Incre RBI pays banks for the excess fund
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ressing the concerns of the people and fulfillinAs the price increases, the demand decreases. So right now, India cannot afford to take such
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ltural advantage to tap into difference busin The main reason is that India doesn't have oil factories, Reserve Repo rate is rate at which
Reverse repo rate is the interest ra
ous yojnas and schemes that will cater to neeIn India, most automobiles run on oil, so an increase in oil Reserve repo rate is rate at which
It is the rate at which central bank
The Reverse Repo Rate is an impo
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80 percent Thisof helps narrow
the Indian economy relies on import of oil. I bank But when borrows there is a decrease in th
India's
Since India current account
imports money from
most of its oil and higher prices would increase the
the deficit.
deficitimports
d refers to the young age population(20-50). IIndia - the amount aroundIndia 85% of its total oil requirements. As commercial
Reverse
owes to the worldnation, in foreign Reverse repo Rate is the rate at w
Repo
nt must ensure that the working population has As a developing India has very high energy consumptio banks.
Reserve
Reverse
rate is the RBI Reporate Raterate
of isisthe therate at wh
interest
currency. A fall in oil prices increases or
It is used
interest to control liquidity and in
charged
by $10 per barrel helps decreases
. Also there are alot of Indians living the India
reduce imports than 80% of its oil from other countries. by
more account
the current I the repo rate is the rate at wh
Reverse
1. Rise in price will increase reverse
commercial repo rate
deficit by $9.2 billion, taking in
the fiscal deficit
according even by
to a report worse banks
Interest while
rate at
than it is consideration
Rate
lending atcentral
which
money to
Livemint. which
factor
Reverse ofbankinflation
repo is
we
2.Asimport
India80% has of crude
high oil
import central
the
bank RBI.borrows This
rupee is already
dependence it willvery
harm weak
the and
rate
borrows
used cash
isas the flow.
money
a
money
Reverse
Increasing
interest fromrepo
rate the
for
hurts our as
economy economy
80% is from
method
commercial commercial
to ratecontrol
2 imported.
affects fiscal deficit 2 rate
reverse
the
banks is the
banks repo with at
rate
1. India imports more than inflation.
banks.
which It
the WHen
is RBI used
3. Lot would
the encourage
reserve bank
80% ofof itsgoods produced
oil requirements this
to is changed,
control
borrows
the banks money
money
and other sectors
2. Pressure on rupeedepend on of
RBI india.
fromtakes
supply in
It
commercial thethelend
to
can be
money
used to to RBI
manage as
2 crude
3. Indian oil from
Economy the end willend
hurt 2 money
country
banks
they
the can
supply
out ofthe
withinearn of
the
product. If the price economy
country. thereby
Increase
increases then it'll lead to profits
money
curbing and
ininflation
the
in reverse
decrasing
market,interest repo
the
rise of many goods across by
rate spending,
means so
that
2 the board 2 1 reverse
rates
basicallly etc repoits a rate
banks discourage
would will get
4. There might be an measure
more to
incentives
inflation as discretionary banks
control to
the lend
to park to their
spending increases 2 money
liquidity.
funds with the
RBI.
RBI increases
RBI,
reverse
Reserve thereby repo
Reporate
ifdecreasing
rate it wants
-rate
is the tothe
rate
The
supply
control of at
money
inflation which
at which
central Central
bankthe
India is net importer of Oil and
bank reduce
borrows
and oil is used in a majority takes
cash advances
flow in the
Because whole of the money
and loans from from
of industries
2 economy is affected right from country
commercial and it
bank
petrochemicals, automobile, commercial
decreases the
power plants etc . Hence if banks.
reverse repo rate
the price of oil increases ifReverse
it wants Repo to
then it affects all these Rate
increase is increases
the
industries which leads to cash supply in
these industries suffering the country and
2 losses 2 create demand.
inflation and
India majorly depends on growth to control
imports to fulfil its oil it upto optimal
demands. It has a huge levels. On the
deficit in the current contrary, the
India
account. is a Any
largerise
scale
in the oil Repo Rate can
importer
prices impacts theoil.
of crude Crude
total be reduced in
oil is significant
amount of imports thereby commodity order to reduce
for
1. various
Government
further processes
increasing generally and
the deficit. the cost of
operations
provides
This is thus throughout
oil with
bad forsubsidy.theIt
India borrowing of the
country.
has
and to In
its bare such a scenario,
loss if prices of
economy. 2 banks and thus
ifoilOil
goprices
high. rise, import costs the market
of 2.India rise significantly,
Increasing oil prices interest
Reverse rates.
repo
Because
leading India import 80% Reverse Repo
leads toto a higher
increase inimport
cost of This
rate
Rate
would
is
isthe
when
leadat
ratethe
of
bill its
for oil
India. This
transportation. Rise in oil directly 1 to an
which increase
state in
affects the current account central
the money bank asks
prices also increases the banks
for gives
short-term
scenario
prices of goods of the country
and and supply
money and
to credit
central
leads to higher deficits. Also, liquidity from the
services. 1 flow
bank in the
commercial
due to greater outflow of economy and
foreign currency (import banks in the
thus boost
payments), the INR country
growth at a said
and
The
rate rate
of at which
interest.
depreciates. High crude oil demand in times
the commercial
prices also leads to higher of
banks lends
domestic prices of depression/deflat
money to the
2 commodities in India. 2 ion.
Reserve Bank is
called the
Imports is the major source Reverse Repo
of India
1. oil in India
does not produce oil so heavy dependency on Oil1exporting
rate. countries.
emploability 2. Oil is utilized in almost all the industries and price increase in Oil
India imports about 80% of its required crude oil. So if the prices are high, will eventually lead to infla
the expenditure for
The oil prices are very closely linked with the rupee value. So if the crude oil prices increase,
Increase in oil prices can lead to fluctuation in sensex.
s which have invested in UK. So now when UKThe Current Account Defecit could increase. If the importsRepoexceedrate is the rate
exports, it is of
notinterest at t
good for
on and literacy reverse repo rate is the rate at whic
erent policies and laws pertaining to the expo Increasing oil prices for India will lead to increased expens Reserve repo rate is the rate at wh
leave the EU; Brits felt less integrated with the EU as compared to their counterparts; desire of a separate identity and change;
tion andofif there
number jobs is no control on population t It- is bad for
It leads toaindirect
countrydepreciation
like India, since it may
of the effect stock p Reserve Repo rate is the rate at wh
rupees
ucracy involved for foreign companies to set their- negative
bases in
impact
India on India's Current Account Deficit, inflation
raterate,
at which
etc. the central governme
estment outflow. UK is one the largest export markets for India. Hence, it will make a huge impact on IndThe reverse repo rate is the interes
do you mean by the ReserveWhat do you mean by Capital for What do you mean by the Devaluation of a currency? Why do gover
ve repo rate is the rate that t Capital formation is the creation of Devaluation of a currency means that the financial authority, lowers the f
Producing and acquiring all manmade
When
When country lowers
a country the external
voluntarily value
decreases itsofcurrency
domestic currency.
against Exports
other countryca
ate at which the banks lend to Increase in assets To help trade.
se Repo Rate is the rate at which the Central bank takes loans andIt is the decrease in valuation of the currency with respect to the global c
asically used to increase or Capital accumulation during a particuDevaluation is to reduce the value of money. This is basically done to lev
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation means building a stDevaluation of a currency means the fall in the value of a currency as co
se repo rate is the interest ra The process of creation and maintenDevaluation of a currency involves weakning of a currency with respect t
se repo rate refers to the rate Capital formation refers to the incre Devaluation of a currency refers to reducing the value of a the domestic
e rate of interest charged at It is the net accumulation of capital Devaluation means the deliberate downward adjustment of a country's cu
se Repo rate is the interest charged by the RBI to the commercial bDevaluation of currency means to reduce the value of the country's curre
e interest rate at which bank The new capital that is being formedDevaluation of a currency means its value vis-a-vis foreign currency decr
e rate at which RBI takes money from other banks Devaluation of currency means to lower the value of currency in compari
nditure on oil. value of a currency decreases with respect to dollar.
everse Repo Rate is the rate at
Capital formation is any change in thDevaluation would mean decrease in the value of currency, or simply the
ve repo rate is the rate at which RBI pays for short term loans to Devaluation of the currency means weakening of currency.
e of interest for banks if they gathering resources for business es devaluation is value the of domestic currency depreciating with respect to
se repo rate is the rate at which Central bank borrows money from the commercial banks to keep a check on the money supply in the coun
se repo rate is the rate at which Central Bank borrows money fromDevaluation
the of a currency means the value of the currency has depreciat
with which RBI borrows moneyInitiatves taken by an organisaton t Devaluation is bringing down the rate of a currency with respect to the U
se repo rate refers to the rate It refers to the investments that causDevaluation refers to the increasing number of units of one currency exc
rices in various other fields (transportation ,logistics etc.) owing to the increased price of oil.
e rate at which RBI borrows musing resources to purchase assets Devaluation of a currency means reducing its exchange power in compa
se repo rate refers to the rate The accumulation of capital during aThe
s downward adjustment of a country's currency relative to other count
se repo rate is the rate of interest that RBI will give to banks when the banks invest money with the RBI. The RBI increases Reverse Repo
se Repo Rate is the rate at whCapital formation is the process by Devaluation of currency is the reduction in the value of the currency by in
ate at which the Central bank oIt is the net capital accumulation du A devaluation iscurrency
Devaluation an official lowering of
thethe value of a intentionally
country's currency in
Devaluation:of means
When government that government
or monetary authority of a countrydevalue
officia
se
se repo
repo rate
rate is
is the
the rate
rate at
at whi Addition
which of capital
the central bank goods like machin
of a country It
borrows ismoney
lowersdone
theto promote
from
external exports.
commercial
value itsIfdomestic
of banks thewithin
currency of a particular country is de
currency
the country.
e: An increase in reverse repo Capital
rate means
formation
that commercial
is a term used
banks
to dwill
Reason:
get more
Tackle
incentives
trade imbalance,
to park theirdevaluation
funds with makes
the RBI, export
thereby
cheaper
decreasi
and
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital Formation is the net capital Devaluation of a currency means a deliberate downward adjustment of th
se repo rate is when the RBI bo
Capital formation refers to bringing Devaluation is the
Decreasing the fixed
worth of exchange system where
countries currency . the government increas
ate at which country's central The process of producing and acquirDevaluation
Yes, eg. China
is the downward adjustment of a country's currency value w
ve repo rate is the rate at whi The change or difference in stock capi
Devaluation reduces the cost of a country's exports, making them more
e rate at which central bank Capital formation is development or Devaluation is when govt intentionally reduces the value of the country's
ve
se Repo Rateis is
repo rate therate
the ratewhich
of in banks
Capitaloperating
formationinare initiatives
india can givetak When
money to government
the Reserve reduces the external
bank of India valueinterest
at a certain of its domestic currency,
rate. Normally the itr
never there is access cash available in the banks and there are no lenders available in the market, the banks can loan this money to the cen
ve repoofrate
e Rate is theRBI
Interest rateprovides
which the
toCentral Bankcommercial
the various borrows from the when
banks commercial banks more
they deposit of a country.
than their CRR.
be used to reduce the money available for the banks to lend to potential
Devaluation
borrowers.
of a currency means depreciation of the value of a currency
sed to control inflation in the market. RBI fixes these rates as and when it deems fit. The banks either take a loan or deposit the money to R
se repo rate is the rate at whicCapital formation refers to the proceDevaluation of currency means reducing the exchange rate of the curren
the rate used by the central Accumulation of Capital in an economy in an year. its the addition to the capital resources of a country
se Repo Rate is the rate at whigoods and services that helps in proDecreasing the value of currency ; it is done to attract foreign investment
Devaluation of the currency is the concept where the value of the currenc
se Repo Rate is defined as th Capital formation is the growth/incr Countries like China tried to devalue their currency in order to increase i
ate is the rate at which the co It can be defined as the net capital Devaluation of the currency means when the value of the domestic curre
ate at which
e repo thethe
rate is theinterest
centralrate
ba Capital formation isbanks
which commercial used get
to describeDevaluation
when they deposit money refers to reducing
with the RBI.the value of domestic currency with releva
instrument of monetary policy,capital an Increase
formation
in Reverse
is the amount
repo rate
of fi will
It refers
decrease
to the
thedecrease
money supply
in value
in in
economy.
value of thus
domestic
reducing
currency
demandin compar
of goo
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is a term used to dIt is the deliberate downward adjustment of the value of a country's mone
ve repo
verse ReporateRate
is theis rate at whi
the rate It is theRBI
at which netpays
accumulated
interest toasset in th Devaluation
commercial 1. Devaluation
banks on theis decreasing
ofsurplus
a currencythemeans
value
deposits keptofby
thethe homecommercial
currency
purposeful
these inbanks
relation
depreciation to th
orwith
lower fo
an be used as a monetary policy Capital
instrument.
formation
In case
is thereverse
processrepo
by wrate
2. Governments/central
rises, banks will be tempted
bank authorities
to keep higher
may want
amount
to indulge
of funds
in devalua
with the
ate at which RBI borrows from Capital formation is a measure of theDevaluation of Currency means the value of the currency going down wit
rate is the rate at which the c Capital formation is the process by Devaluation of a currency refers to the government increasing the excha
emand is serviced by internal production. This heavy dependenc Devaluation is an voluntary reduction is in the value of the country's curre
anks can deposit their excess cash money in RBI and earn interest.When T the currency of a country falls as compared to currencies of the wo
e rate at which the central b The accumulation of or addition of caUnder the fixed exchange rate system where the exchange rate of a curr
se Repo Rate means the rate that is to be paid by Reserve Bank ofDevaluation In of a currency means decreasing the currency value so that t
se Repo
repo rate is the rate at which the banks put their money with the RBI or Rateof
rate is the rate at whiAddition made to physical stock of ca
Devaluation oncurrency
depositsisofthe process
banks with by
thewhich
RBI. government effectively r
rse repo rate can be used to control Net capital
inflation
accumulated
and liquidityforina the
partic
economy.
Devaluation
Whenofincreased
a currency themeans
banksdecrease
will preferindepositing
the value of their
a currency
money with in t
se Repo Rate is the rate at which the Reserve bank of india borrowDevaluation of a currency is when governments voluntarily reduce the ex
everse Repo rate is the rate atChange is the stock of capital is capiWhen the government devalues the domestic currency with respect to a
the Indian banks deposit the money to RBI and get interest for the D s evaluation of the currency means that the value of currency goes down
dependency of the population on oil is high, increase in prices will pose a problem for an average Indian.
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital Formation includes building cDevaluation of currency means decrease in domestic prices. The govern
rse Repo rate is monetary policy Capital information
instrument whichishelps
the fund infor liquidity
to control Governmentin thesometimes
banks as well devalue
as in currency
the economy. of theRBIcountry
changes
because
the Repo
it prov a
ate at which the central bank b Increase in the physical stock
Central bank of a country lends money to its commercial banks. of capiF irst happened in 1991. Part of open economy policies.
be used as a baseline for the capital owed. thus making it a good Devaluation tool to measure is done
expenses
to either
andcounter
projectrapidly
profits/losses
fluctuating prices or inflation
rate is the rate at which the c Capital Formation refers to the increaDevaluation of the currency means that the value of the currency should
se reporepo
everse raterate
is the raterate
is the at which RBIbanks
at which takes canloans from
park banks.
their money DuringDevaluation
with the RBI. of currency is when a government prints more currency due
rse Repo Rate is a mechanismCapital to absorbformation
the liquidity
describes
in thethemarket,
net cDevaluation
thus restricting
is a the
process
borrowing
throughpower
which of ainvestors.
country'sReverse
central bank
Repodelibera
Rate is
Rate is the rate at which banks can get a loan from the Reserve Ban Devaluation of currency is the value of currency comapred to USD and g
se repo rate is the interest rat Capital formation refer to the creati Devaluation of currency refers to the depreciation of the currency in the c
se repo rate is the rate at whicIt means purchasing or acquiring of Devaluation of the currency means the Govt/Central bank takes measure
ate at which RBI borrows money The amount of long term assets accum Devaluation of currency means the weakening of currency with respect t
se Repo Rate is the rate at whiCapital formation is the net capital devaluation of a currency is a downgrade of country's currency value. It h
ate at which RBI borrows money from the commercial banks. This hel Devaluation
1. To exportofatcurrency is a deliberate
a lower cost making thelowering of themore
good/service valuecompetitive
of the curren in
tent in India, the increase i Accumulation of capital at the end o 2. To import at a higher cost so that more domestic business is flourishe
ve repo rate is the rate at which the central bank accepts deposits Governments fr sometimes devalue their currency to increase the competit
RBI takes a loan from the comme Capital formation is the process of bu Devaluation of the currency means decreasing the domestic currency va
terest rate which bank gets if by making demand deposits Devaluation of means reducing
currency the value
is reducing theof the currency
purchasing withofrespect
power to the
the currency
e rate at which the banks len It is the net capital accumulated for Governments do this in order to favor balance of payments
se Repo Rate is the rate at whCapital formation is the process of r Devaluation of currency is the intentional decrease of the value of the co
se Repo Rate is the rate whichCapital formation is the net change in When the monetary authorities lower the value, that is lower the exchang
se Repo Rate is an instrument used by the Central Bank of the coun Devaluation of a currency is giving away more money for the same set o
e rate that dictates the interest rate that the RBI pays the banks for their deposits.
dserequire
Repo Rate is the interest rate at which other commercial banks Devaluation of a currency refers to the decrease in purchasing capacity o
fuel dependencies.
Devaluation of the currency means reducing it's price in comparison to th
e rate at which the RBI purch It is the process of creation of cap Devaluation is when the government reduces the value of their domestic
se repo rate is the rate at whicWhen an expenditure leads to the inDevaluation of a currency is when the government depreciates its own cu
e rate at which the central It is the net capital of a country duri The deliberate lessening of a country's currency relative to the world stan
se repo rate is the rate at whicIncrease or formation of physical andThe currency
2) Reduce is devalued
debt burdens to impact the spending of consumers
swered earlier, RBI maintains tIt is the net accumulation of capital 3) Boost in domestic consumption
rate refers to the rate at which commercial banks borrow money by selling their securities to the Central bank ; Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
se reporepo
everse raterate
is the
is arate
rateatwhich
whi - RBI pays to the banks to park their DevaluationWhen
funds a with of a currency
currency
RBI. refers
of a country to in
falls decrease
value in in its value with
comparison respect
to other to o
curren
rse repo
terest rate
rate at is a measure
which to control
the Central Capital
bank inflation
formation
gets in an
money means
economy.
from additions
other banks.maThe governments
Depriciation the valuedevalue the currency
of currncy is known sometimes to increase
as devaluation exports.
of a currency.
n repo rate is increased the flow of cash is reduced. To create surplus cash flow , government devalues the currency.
se repo is the rate that the ba Capital formation is the process of Devaluation of a currency is the reducing the value of domestic currency
e rate of interest that the private banks charge the RBI.
e rate at which the commerci Creation of capital by investing in c The deliberate reduction in the value of the currency with respect to othe
terest rate at which Central The total calculations amounting of as When the external value of currency is decreased by the government, it i
se Repo rate is the interest ratCapital formation means raising the Devaluation of a currency means that the value that the currency previou
se repo rate is the rate at whicIt is a process to increase the quali Devaluation of a currency means Increase in the price of a currency aga
se Repo rate is the interest r Capital formation means the investmA Devaluation
currency ismeans the government
considered devalued whenitself itdepreciates
loses valuethe Valuetoofother
relative their cc
e rate at which the central b Capital Formation is a specific stati The main reason is to give a boost to their export market. Ex-When India
se Repo
e rate Rate isCentral
at which the rateBanks
at whiborrow
Capital money
formation
fromrefers to the creation
the commercial of long
banks
Devaluation term
for short assets
is the
periods inofthe
reduction course
time.
in of running
the value of the the business.
currency as compared to
ease the repo-rate and borrowing Anymoney
economic
fromactivity
the bankswhich addsinval
results lesser
Governments
cash in the
devalue
handscurrencies
of the banks.
in order
This to less
make
cashimports
leads tomore
lessexpens
loans
se Repo Rate is the rate at whCapital formation is increase in stockDevaluation of a currency means decrease in the value of currency by th
se repo rate is the rate at whi Adding stock.
se Repo rate is the opposite ofThe net capital, in terms of goods, The government does that so as to strike a balance between the overall
se repoRepo
serve" rate isRate
the refers
rate atto
whi
thecreation of fixed
rate at which assets
banks and
can investmen
borrow To increase
money from theits
Devaluation of aexports.
RBI currency
to meet theirrefers
short
to the
term
depreciation
capital requirements.
of the value4of%a curr
everse" repo rate which banks When get to akeep
country
excess
is infunds
a fiscal
withsurplus
the RBI.
A government
3.35% may sometimes devalue their currency to increase export
se Repo rate is the rate at whiIt is the addition in the value of fixed capital assets
se Repo Rate is the interest ratCapital formation is the arrangementDevaluation of currency is when the value of the currency decreases in t
s the rate at which the ReserveCapital formation is raising capital d Devaluation of a currency basically refers to the decreasing of the value
ve repo rate is the rate at which money is lent by the central bank Devaluation of a currency is when the external cost of the currency is red
e rate at which commercial b increase in the value of an enterpris devaluation is when a government voluntarily reduces the exchange rate
se repo rate is the rate at whi Formation of capital using equity andDevaluation of the a currency
currency means
means reducing valuevalue
the relative of a of
currency in foreign
the currency falls
ve Repo Rate is the rate at whiCapital formation means investment wh At times, the government devalues currency to discourage imports and k
se Repo rate is the the rate at Capital formation refers to investmendevaluation

Devaluation of of currency
currency means
is the reduction
the valueinofthe value of
currency the currency
decreases with
resulting
st Rate at which the bank lends the money to RBI. Decreasing the re Government do this to increase the exports of the country
se repo Rate is the interest rate provided by RBI to the banks to deposit money with RBI
rate at which commercial bank borrow money from Reserve Bank of Devaluation
In is decreasing the value of the currency this is done to preve
se Repo Rate as a tool is usedIncrease in the capital of investmen It is mainly done to infuse capital into the country, or add money to the c
e rate at which RBI take loans from the banks. Banks earn interestLowering the currency's value to lower the purchasing power of the comp
rate is the rate at which commercial banks borrow money from the Devaluation Ce of a currency is when the government of a country changes
se Repo Rate is the rate at whiCapital formation means addition of Devaluation of currency means the the value of domestic currency falls in
orrows money from the banks and pays an interest on it. This interes When currrencies depreciate or decreases in value, it is called devaluatio
e rate at which the central Capital formation is the net capital The currency of a country is fixed to another country's currency and can
se Repo Rate is the rate at whiNet Capital addition during an year Devaluation of a currency means reducing the value of currency in the S
mic activities i.e they have ver Raising capital for a business activitiThe value of currency decreases. It is done by infusing more currency in
would lead to a fall in demand2. ofGetting
vehicles. Which
paid backinfor
turn can affe Devaluation of currency means a dollar, for example, is more expensive
loans
ate at which Reserve Bank borr3. Building infrastructure Devaluation means when the currency being used in no longer as valuab
at which Central Bank lends moIt describes net capital accumulationDevaluation during an accounting periodhappens
of the currency for a particular
when the country
government or the monet
se Repo rate is the rate at whiNA Countries usually resort to devaluation of a currency to boost the trade b
r indirectly
se repo ratedependent
is the rateonat oil.
whichMostRBIof(Reserve
the demand
Bank of of
oil India)
is metborrows
through money
imports. Hence
from increasing
commercial oil prices means more import amount & bu
banks.
crease in the reverse repo rate will decrease the money supply . An1) Devaluation
increase
Reduce in is
thereverse
the deliberate
repo rate
purchasing reduction
powermeans that
of the
of currency. commercial
value of abanks
country's
will get
money
mo
Is the total value of capital in the 2) Balance of Payments - to combat trade deficits.
at which central bank lends to Capital includes land, buildings, ma Devaluation is to decrease the value of a domestic currency deliberately.
e rate of interest that RBI o The consolidated sum of Capital, resDevaluation of currency means to undervalue your currency delibretely. B
se Repo rate is the interest ra Capital formation is adding to the exiDevaluation of currency means government is decreasing the Value of n
se Repo Rate is the interest rate that RBI pays to the banks that deposit the surplus money in RBI accounts.
se Repo Rate is the rate at whiThe procurement of necessary things Devaluation
f of a currency means a country intentionally reducing the imp
se Repo Rate is the rate at which banks lend their money to the RBI. Devaluation of involves depreciating
a currency is when home
the value currency against areduces
of a currency foreign comp
curre
se
theRepo RateBank
Reserve is theofrate of borrows
India inteCapital formation
money from is when
the capital is banks,
public/private The government sometimes
that is called devalues
Reverse Repo Rate. a currency to tackle deflation or c
s seen as a benefit by the lender banks as they can have a high rate When of interest
there isandexcess
accumulate
cash flowing
money in in
theitscountry,
banks. the currency is devalu
se Repo Rate is defined as theCapital formation is the raising of Devaluation of a currency is the situation when the purchasing power of
rate is defined as the the inter The arrangement of funds needed toThe s reduction in value of currency in the foreign exchange market is calle
change in the stock of capital It is when the government or monetary authority officially lowers the exte
everse Repo Rate is the intereCapital formation is the investment i Devaluation of a currency is the process in which the central governmen
which central bank borrows money from commercial banks
rse repo rate increases moneyAddition
supply decreases
of goods during accountinglowering of domestic currency value against foreign currency
ve repo rate is the rate of int Formation of longterm assets. Devaluation of currency means reducing the value of exchange rate of cu
central bank wants to decrease Capital
the cash
formation
flow circulation
means the in change
the market
Government
i it will increase
sometimes
the reverse
devalue
repo
currency
rate so in
that
order
banks
to promote
will sell the
export
securit
in
ve Repo rate is the interest ra Capital formation refers to investmenIt means decreasing the value of domestic currency. It is done the curren
ve Repo Rate is the rate of interest at which the commercial banks lend money to central bank. In order to bring inflation Government incre
st at which RBI loans to govt. Used to control cash flow, inflation Fall in worth of currency compared to international market, done to bring
se Repo Rate is the rate at whiCapital Formation is the increase in Devaluation of the currency happens in the case where government regu
rate refers to the rate at whichcapital formation refers to the pract Devaluation of a currency refers to the mindful depreciation of a currency
rate is the rate at which the R Capital is the resource that is used Devaluation of the currency is the rating of a currency in the global conte
everse
se* Repo repo rateitisisathe
Rate- monetary
rate atCapital
p
which formation
banks can is the their
keep creation of with
money The thedevaluation
RBI. Theofcurrentcurrency is done
reverse repoto rate
curbisimports.
3.75% India has known to
n important monetary policy instrument wherein banks deposit excess Devaluation
funds withmeans
the RBI thatand
theearn
valueinterest
of the currency
for it. falls in a fixed exchang
the central bank wants to decrease the liquidity or the cash flow in the economy ,it absorbs money from other banks and provodes them an
e rate at which RBI borrows mTotal capital accumulation in a givenDevaluation of currency X means that 'number of Y currency we can purc
se Repo rate means the rate at which the commercial banks can offer Devaluation of currency means reducing the trade value of a currency in
rate is the long term borrowingCapital formation means that their
se repo rate is the interest rate offered by the reserve bank to the commercial banks isDevaluation of currency
for themeans
deposits theofdemand for the currency
the commercial banks with hasthe
decreas
RBI.
everse repo rate is used as a monetary Capital formation
policy instrument
is the process
in thebycontrol
wDevaluation
of money ofsupply
a currencyin themeans
economy. the depreciation
When the reverse of a currency
repo rate withincrea
resp
se repo rate - the rate at whi Capital can be human, physical or mo When the value of a currency declines with respect to other currencies, u
by families lying in the lo Addition of capital goods such as h A fall in the face value of currency with respect to a currency of another c
se Repo rate is interest which T bhe capital formation describes the Devaluation of currency is done to reduce the value of the currency. The
ve Repo rate is a rate of intereCapital Formation is the addition to tIn floating exchange
Devaluation of a currency rate, the
referscurrency of one country
to the conscious against
reduction another
in the valuecao
everse Repo rate is the rate at The increase in investment in capitalDevaluation Governments of devalue
the currency currency
means to make
that the exports more competitive.
purchasing power of a foreig It is a
se Repo rate means the rate atThe liquidity and the fixed assets th Government devalues the currency to attract foreign investors and to ge
ate at which the Reserve Bank of India secures loan from other bank Devaluation of currency means decrease in the value of currency which
Investing cash to create stock for a fDevaluation of a currency means the decrease in value of a currency wit
atinimum
which amount
the centralof cash
bankthatof aneIt is totalborrows
country capital money
formed fromby the coun It is the
commercial downward
banks within the change made by the government to it's currency to re
country.
sein repo
money supply
rate is thewithin
interest Change
thecharged
country. in stock capital
by commercial banks to lend money Whento government
central banks. lowers the external value of its domestic currency, it is
reverse repo rate increases, commercial banks t=tend to park their money in central bank. As a result the cash decreases in the market an
repo rate
se Repo Rateis is
the
therateratewhich Capital
charged by theformation refers
RBI to the to the way
commercial Devaluation
banks of a excess
to store their currencymoney.
refers Banks
to lowering at thetheendstrength
of eachofday the will
currency
need t
sed by the RBI to ensure that there is no short term shortage of liquidity Devaluation
and thatofthea currency
money keepsmeansflowingthat the between
Government the banksdecides thustomaintain
interve
se Repo Rate is the rate at whiCapital Formation means addition inDevaluation p Currency isrefers
of currency to the official
the reduction reductionrate
in exchange of the
of avalue
currencyof a cv
ports
se Repo majority
rate isofthe
its petroleum
rate at which requirements and is a from
RBI takes deposits net importer
commercialofDevaluation
Countries
banks. devalue currency
of a currency to make
implies theirtoexports
having pay more more attractive
units of one and curren ch
government intends to increase money supply in the economy, it will Sometimes
reduce thegovernment
reverse repo devalue
rate, making
their own it ancurrency
unattractivefor example
option for Chinathe bw
ve
se Repo Rateis is
repo rate therate
the ratewhich
at which
RBI the RBI borrows
provides to banksmoney
when fromthey commeDevaluation
deposit
1. Trade means
their deficit
money can
withweakening
bethe RBI. ofThere
reduced- the currency
would be byless
the government
import due toofincre its o
sed by the RBI in order to control liquidity and inflation. When RBI wants 2. Increasing
to decrease
exports-the money
It wouldflowhelpininthe increasing
economy,exports they increase
of the country
the rep
se repo rate is the interest ra Capital formation is the addition madWhen the supply of the domestic currency in the foreign exchange marke
enation
rate atand exports
which around banks
commercial 80Capitalparkformation is to funds
their surplus build awith
capita devaluation
the When
centralgovt
bank of(RBI).
the currency
sometimes buysisFOREXpulling reserves
down thetocurrencymake it of a country
more expensiveby t
be increased by RBI to encourage Increase in stock.banks to park moreThis
commercial funds is with
doneit,toreducing
increasethe exports
liquidity andinreduce
the market deficit.
and thereby reducing in
se repo rate is the rate of int When the value of economic resources Devaluation of a currency means to reduce its exchange value with refer
se repo rate means the rate atIt means to add new assets or purc It means reducing the price of indian currency in terms of dollars. Govt d
everse Repo rate is the rate at which the banks lend money to the RBI. 1. ToChanging this rate
motivate Indian will indirectly to
entrepreneurs influence
produceliquidity
in India&and consumption
not import ar
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation is a process to rais 2. To increase the exports since people from other countries will find it c
se Repo Rate is the rate at which commercial banks lend money to the Central Bank. It can be used to control the money supply in the eco
se repo rate is the rate at whi In my understanding, capital formation Devaluation of currency or currency depreciation is the loss in exchange
one to increase the investments Capital Formation
and loans taken means to form
by business a Ca
and normal
Government
people.sometimes devaluate a currency if it is going to export large
se repo rate is the rate at whi Any addition made to a physical stock Devaluation of a currency is a deliberate act performed by the central go
se repo
ase RRRrate is the rate
- decrease at which
money supplyRBItoborrows
control money
deflation from the market The government following a fixed currency system lowers the value of th
ce RRR- increase money supply Raising
to control
fundsinflation
for the long run of busDevaluation of currency is reducing the value of currency per dollar to inv
se Repo Rate is the rate at whCapital formation is formation of ca In a fixed rate currency system the government may reduce the value of
ve Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation is the process of gDevaluation of a currency is the method by which the country try to reduc
se Repo Rateis is
the rate atrate
which commercial
at which centralbanks
banksborrow
borrows money
money from
When RBI(Central
from
a government
other banks. bank),
itself When
A High
pegs thecurrency
reverse
its reverse
repo rate repo
against rate
means isthat
low,itiscommercial
foreign will
called
be bette
Dev
Capital formation is
arly, lower reverse repo rate means that banks will park less funs withwhen a company Devaluation
central bankcanand be done
more tomoneyshowisforeign
available investors
in the economy.
the health Done of the to ecost
interest rate at which the RB Raising capital to generate assets Devaluation of currency means depreciation of a country's currency agai
ve Repo Rate is the rate at whic Capital formation means addition to Devaluation of currency means decreasing its value in relation to other c
ve repo rate is the rate at which the Central bank lends money to different commercial banks in the country. If the Repo rate is high, the mo
e repo rate is the rate at wh the minimum amount of money required devaluation of a currency is the lowering of the value with respect to othe
se Repo Rate is the rate at which banks deposit the money in the Reserve bak and earn interest on it. Both repo rate and Reverse Repo ra
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is the building up Devaluation of a currency is done by government intervention so as to in
se Repo Rate is the rate at which RBI takes loans from the Schedule Devaluation of currency is the purposeful decrease in the value of a curre
erse Repo Rate can be defined as an interest on which the central bank borrows money from commercial banks. The reverse repo rate is a
es. There is very less productioCapital formation is a concept used Devaluation of a currency is the deliberate downward adjustment of a cu
se repo rate is the rate at whi capital goods that are accumulated lIn order to improve the import-export scenario of the country ( to boost th
ate at which RBI borrows from tAcquiring the funds for capital setup In case the exchange rates change dramatically in respect to say US dol
I to control liquidity and infation of economy. Devaluation of currency means the currency holds no value in economic
se Repo Rate is the rate at which banks can submit their extra capita Devaluation is the fall in price of a particular currency in comparison with
se Repo Rate is the interest whi Capital formation is done to increaseDevaluation of a currency is done when the country thinks its foreign exc
se repo rate is the interest rate which RBI pays to the banks havin Devaluation of a currency means that the purchasing power of the curren
ve Repo Rate is the rate of int Additions to the capital resources of Devaluation of a currency means that the value for the domestic currenc
everse repo rate is the rate of interest the RBI offers to the banks i Devaluation of currency means that the country reduces it's value agains
If the Oil prices increases in India, it would lead to inflation and thus the prices of gold would also rise. As a consequence, the difference b
ve repo rate is the rate of int Capital formation refers to the generDevaluation of a currency refers to the decrease in the value of domestic
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation means increase in Devaluation of currency means to depreciate the currency or to reduce it
ate at which the government ofChange in stock of capital
se Repo Rate is a rate at which the Central Bank (RBI) of a countryCurrency take loanweakens.
from the Govt
Banks opts for country.
in the devaluation to maintain economy supp
sedrepo
ve to curb
rateliquidity of currency
is the rate Availability
at which in the
the financial
central and collection
system
bank, ofofthe
RBI borrows capital
country;
money Devaluation
basically reducing
of currency
from commercial theisflow
banks. reducing
of currency
the market
(tightening)
value ofinthe
thecurrency,
economy.so It
Capital repo
es of inflation, an increase in reserve formation meanscommerical
rate allows collection ofbank
Devaluation
to keepoftheir
a currency
money withmeans thethe fall ofbank
central the value of thethe
and hence currency
moneywithsu
The hike in the oil prices thereby affect the economy of India mainly through falling of the rupees values against powerful currencies like US
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation can be defined as Devaluation of currency means to decrease the number of dollars which
se repo rate is the rate at which the banks must keep a deposit with Devaluation of a currency is when the currency of the country falls in valu
Rateisisthe
se Repo rate theinterest
rate therate
banks get when
at which banksthey
cancan park
lend their to
money mDevaluation
RBI. If a bank of deposits
a currency is when
money valueRBI
at RBI, of apays
currency
interestreduces
as perwith respe
the rever
age as monetary policy instrument Accumulating
is very important
of net capital
as, changing
in a partitDecreasing
can affect the
the liquidity
value ofand
country's
inflation
currency
of the economy.
in relation with other trading c
ve Repo rate is the rate at which the central bank of the nation borrows money from the banks in the country. As the central bank borrows m
se repo rate is the interest ra Capital formation is the net capital Devaluation of a currency lowers the value of the local currency of a cou
terest
se repo rate percentage
rate is the ratepaid bywhich
at the Equipment+
the RBIFinished
borrowsgoods
money from the Devaluation
commercial means
banks.reducing the domestic value of the currency and gov
ys a significant role towards keepingIt refersa check
to the increase
on the liquid
in themoney
capi supply
Devaluation
in the hands
of currency
of therefers
commercial
to the Government
banks. decreasing the value o
se Repo rate is the rate of int Change in stock of capital is called aDevaluation of currency is the fall of currency with respect to some other
se Repo Rate is the rate at whCapital formation is when a companyDevaluation tr of a currency is when the government steps in and intention
ate at which any central bank(eCapital formation is the addition made It is under Fixed Exchange Rate System; When government or monetary
se Repo rate is the rate at which banks lend to RBI. if the reverse Devaluation is decreasing the value of currency relative to other currenci
se Repo rate is the rate at wh Producing and buying man made prod Devaluation of a currency means the reduction in value of the currency b
se Repo Rate is a mechanismAny to activity intended towards buildinNone
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation can be defined as Devaluation the addition made to to physical
of a currency stock of capital
is the decrease in the during
value of a period of time.cu
the domestic
se repo-rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is a technique usedThe government usually intervenes in this process to maintain the balan
se Repo rate is the rate at whicAny additions to the stock/inventory Devaluation of currency means refers todecrease in theinvalue
the decrease of the currency
the exchange ability as
of
ate at which the commercial ban Capital formation refers to the accu Sometimes, the economy which has been showing high and positive gro
se repo rate is the rate at whi The process of change in value of the Devaluation of the currency is the process by which the value of the curr
se Repo rate is the rate at wh Capital formation is used to describe the net capital accumulation during an accounting period for a particular
of increase in petrol and diesel prices which can in turn reduce t Devaluation means of currency is the result
intentional of production
decrease of more
in the foreign currency
exchange whic
value o
se repo rate is the rate at wh Capital formation refers to investme Devaluation makes a country cheaper to invest for foreign companies an
se Repo Rate is the rate at which RBI incentivises the other banks Devaluation to of currency is when a country deliberately reduces the purch
se Repo Rate is the interest rate that central bank of the country p It Devaluation
means thatofthe currency
countrymeans that the value
has decreased of currency
its external has value
currency decreased
in co
ate at which banks give credit to central banks. To maximize the profits of exports.
e rate at which the RBI borrows funds in the form of govt. securit Devaluation of a currency means that its exchange rate is increasing. Th
e rate at which banks lend money to the Reverse Bank of India(RBI) Devaluation means fall in price of the currency. The government does th
se Repo Rate is the rate charged by the bank to the RBI.
verse repo rate is the rate at the net capital accumulation during adevaluation of a country means decreasing the value of one currency in
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation means an actual va Devaluation of currency is when the government reduces the value of the
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation refers to the procesDevaluation of currency refers to when the government takes measures
at which RBI borrows money frNet capital accumultaed over a period.
se repo rate is the price at wh Collection of capital over a period Devaluation of a currency is when a country lowers the purchasing powe
e there is a decrease of funds Any investment or addition made to tWhen the value of the currency of a country decreases with respect to th
se
sedRepo
as a Rate
tool toiscontrol
the rateinflation.
at whicNet capital formation
Increasing reverse of repoa country o Devaluation
rate causes commercial is the
banks deliberate downward
to park more money adjustment
with the RBI, of a decreasing
country's curren their
arly, a decrease in the rate canCreation be employed of valueto increase inflation Devaluation of money occurs in fixed exchange rate systems where the g
ve repo rate is when banks havCapital information is defined as th Devaluation of currency means to decrease the value of currency. The g
se Repo rate is the rate at which RBI borrows from the banks. it is the value of the currency goes down. governments devalue a currency to
se Repo Rate-
Rate isisthetherate
rateatatwhich
whiCapital
RBI formation-
pays interest is the addition
to the of Devaluation
deposits made by bank of currency-
to RBI is slashing down the domestic rate against the r
igher the Reverse Repo, the more interestthe
2) Mobilize comman
savings- man can haveWhen
Mobilization by receiving
the spot
of savings higher
from rate of
interest
Indianto
household at
currency
deposits.
the against
formal banking dollars falls, i.e. more INR
sector.
3) Investment- When the savings are Devaluation
injected again refers in to
thedecrease
economyininthe thevalue
form of of ainvestments.
country's currency. The g
e rate at when the central Capital formation is the input cost th Devaluation It is the deliberate downward
of a currency meansadjustment of the
the fall in country's
value ofcurrency.
one currencyIt is done
wit
se repo rate refers to rate at which the banks deposit their money Governments sometimes devalue a currency because governments also
at which the central bank of a Change in the stock of capital is alsoWhen government of a country officially lowers the external value of its d
e rate which RBI pays interest Addition in physicalbanks
to the commercial stock on in atheir
certain
funds period
with RBI.
ase in reverse repo rate may cause banks to transfer more funds toGovernments RBI. devalue currency to reduce the deficit.
se Repo rate is that rate at whCapital formation refers to net capital accumalation during a period.
everse repo rate is the rate at The capital formation is the process The term devaluation
Devaluation of currency willmeans
imply changing
the governmentthe marketallowsvalue
the ofhomethe currenc
e, repo and reverse repo rates are measures that the RBI uses to control China the recently
lending devalued
by banks, its currency
and hence to moderate
compensate liquidity
for theinlosses
the economincur
se repo rate
nstrument is is the to
used rate at whithe
control production
Capital
moneyformationand acquisition
supply inistheincreases
country.of infrastrin
the stock Bya of system
capitalofinthe
devaluing fixed exchange
thecurrency,
country. therate, when government
government makes sure reduces
that the the value
product
entral bank borrows from the banks Production
in order of to
assets/equipments
reduce the supplywhich ofItmoney
also
arereduced
used
to theinbanks
the burden
production
and inofturn
government
of decreases
further goods.
debt.
the Ansupply
example
in theofeconomy.
this could
se Repo Rate is the interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of IndiDevaluation of a currency means deliberately reducing the value of a cou
se Repo rate is the rate at which the central banks can borrow fro Devaluation of currency is the voluntary decrease in the value of currenc
se repo rate is the rate at which ;when RBI borrows money from thThe devaluation of currency means lowering the value of a currency by t
se Repo rate is rate at which RCapital formation is increase i Devaluation of currency means decrease in money supply which happen
erest rate at which RBI borrows money from the banks is known as the reverse repo rate. Banks, in times of excess liquidity can aprk their
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is when the savings Devaluation of currency happens when the central bank tries to control it
se Repo rate
monetary is the
policy rate at which
instrument, reversetheRR banks lend to
is used money
increase to the
or RBI D
t evaluation
decrease
Devaluation
the money of currency
supply inmeans
is providinginmore
the economy.
decrease currencycurrency
the national in the market
value thag
increased RR, commercial banks Capital
are formation
encouraged refers
to deposit
to increase
a larger Devaluation
amount with makes the RBI
the to
domestic
improvegoods interest
cheaper
earning, forthat
foreign
leads countries,
to decreas w
on industrial growth. This requires oil as a resource for running indu Devaluation is a phenomena in which the value of a currency decreases
ve repo rate is the interest re Capital formation is a term used to dDevaluation is the deliberate downward adjustment of the value of a cou
ate at which the central governCapital formation is the collection of Devaluation of a currency means to deliberately lower prices of the dome
ate at which the RBI borrows frIncrease in the stock of real capital Devaluation means decreasing the value of the currency with respect to
se Repo rateisisthe
rate at whiCapital
rate the centralformation
bank is paysthe for
process
lending of loans
adding tocapital
Devaluation it. Banks in athe
of doingprocess
currency of
well iscan
theproduction
lend
reduction
money and development
intothe
the value
centralof the
bank currency
and receiv rel
ses this rate to control money Capital supply in formation
the economy. is the process
If this rateof increases
Government moresometimes
banks would adjusts
be willing
the currency
to park their
movements
money intoRBI, controlin turn
monr
se* Repo rate is a rate at whi Capital formation refers to addition Devaluation of currency refers to the measures taken by a government to
It means a downward adjustment of the value of a country's currency. On
se repo rate
ncrease is the
reverse raterate
repo of interest
then bank RBIwould
provides to banks
be willing for depo
to give money Devaluation
to rbi as it is when
is more
the the government
deliberate
secured and this reduces
downward would theto
adjustment
lead value of value
decrease
of the its currency.
in money
of a cous
when rbi wants to increase money it means
supplymaking
it reducesmorereverse
good available
repo rate government devalue currency devalues to reduce its deficit because of t
e repo rate
monetary are controlled
Policy instrument, bywhen
RBI to maintain
1. Governments
RBI decreases inflation
can rate
thebeReverse in the
perceived country.
Repoto be Rate,
involved
we can in capital
say thatformation
RBI is signalling
if it invests
to the
in Education,
Banks thatHealthdo notand parkInfyo
ple: A decrease in the Reverse2.Repo A firm rate
canwas be seen
perceivedrecentlyto bein involved
the China
light of inisCOVID19,
Capital
a country formation
when
which RBI
has
when decreased
taken
it invests
suchthein
measures
Tangible
Reverseinassets
Repo
the past.
Rate
like machine
in order
te at which RBI borrows moneCapital formation referes to purchasiLowering the domestic value of currency by the government is known as
ve Repo
n there is rate
moreismoney
the rate of interest
supply in theRBI paysto
market, tocontrol
the banks for deposi
inflation RBI Devaluation
asks money of currency
means
from banks means
bringing
and down
givereducing
them the of
the value
interest value
moneyof the
on the i.e, currency
amountnow on more or mon
its op
basis
decreases the extra money supply All the
in the
longmarket
lived assetand control
that willthe beninflation.
When there is increase in money supply in the market and government w
se Repo rate is the rate at which RBI pays to the bank for keeping Devaluation it of a currency means when the price of a currency weakens
exact opposite of Repo rate. Capital formation is a term used to dDevaluation is the downward adjustment of the value of a country's mone
se in CRR and SLR defines the Capital formation means investing inIt takes more money (INR) to buy dollars. To have an impact on the impo
se repo rate is the rate which reserve bank pays commercial banksDevaluation of currency occurs if the central bank prints more money to i
se Repo rate
Rateisisthe
therate
rateatatwhiCapital formation
which Central means change
bank borrows money in th
fromDevaluation
commercial ofbanks.
currency means decreasing the foreign exchange value o
sed as an instrument to reduceCapital
moneyformation
supply inisthe
thecountry.
activity of change in capital available to a firm
se Repo Rate
rate isisthe
a rate
rateatatwhich
Capital
which Formation
commercial banks grant short term Devaluation
loan to theof a currency
central bank,means the decrease
RBI in case of India, in
in the value
return for of
anthe curren
interest.
rse Repo is used as a mechanism Capital
to leak
Formation
moneyrefers
from the
to the
market,
accum that
Devaluation
is, to decrease
of a currency
the supply
meansof money
decrease
in the
in the
market.
valueWhen
of thethe
currency
demanb
3) To correct the balance of payments
se Repo rate (Reverse Repurchas A change in the stock of the capital 4) To make adjustments in the currency value
g costs which would in turn result in high prices of goods and ser Depreciating the value of the currency. It is done to attract foreign investm
ate which the commercial banks earn on their deposits with the centDevaluation is the systematic weakening of a country's currency relative
s the rate at which the RBI borProducing and acquiring land, building Devaluation means decreasing the value of a country's money relative to
se Repo Rate refers to the inteCapital formation refers to raising a Devaluation of a currency is when the government intervenes and fixes t
ve Repo Rate
n reverse repomeans the
rate will ratetoatincrease
lead which bank give the surplus
in investments money
and more Devaluation
funds of a currency
will circulate means
in market the value
than before. of to
Due themultiplier
currencyeffect,
decreases.
this willT
n reverse repo rate will curb inflation
Capitalinformation
a similar way.
means addition to Devaluation of the currency means decrease in value of currency in exch
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is the process of r Devaluation of a currency is weakening of the currency with respect to do
is heavily dependent on imports for their oil consumption, especially India where around 80 percent of the oil is imported. As the prices of o
se Repo rate is a rate at whichCapital formation means investment Devaluation of currency means that a country's currency is less (deprecia
ve Repo rate is the amount of cash reserve that banks and other financ Devaluation of a currency means that the purchase power per unit of tha
ate at which Commercial Banks lend money to reserve bank. WhenDevaluation g of a currency means reduction in the value of a country's cu
se repo rate is the rate at whicCapital formation is the change in the Devaluation is the downward adjustment of a currency's value deliberate
se Repo Rate is the interest rate at which RBI can borrow money from banks. If RBI anticipates a slow growth rate, it will increase the rever
everse repo rate is the rate at Capital Formation refers to the phe The reasons can vary ranging from influencing trade practices by luring
ate is rate charged by by centrCapital formation refers to increase Devaluation of currency means reduction in value of currency as compar
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital Formation is the gradual in Devaluing Currency means increasing the price of the currency such tha
rate is the rate at which the ceCapital formation is the process thr Devaluation of a currency refers to the process by which the government
at which the RBI borrow from commercial banks, with a security is Reverse repo rate. Increase in reverse repo rate would lead to an increas
everse repo rate is the rate at Investment done to increase the stock Devaluation of a currency is when an economy reduces the the value of
ve Repo Rate is the rate at whic It refers to the net capital accumulation for a country during an accpounting period
se Repo Rate is the rate at whPurchase of fixed asset and investmen Devaluation or lowering of the external value of the currency by the Gove
the expenditure and hence the Change in stock of capital it means lowering the external value of its domestic currency.
Fixed capital which we keep adding Ii t means decreasing the value of currency in the foreign market.
se repo
Reporate
rateisisathe
rateinterest
at which Capitalbanks
at which formation means
provide the or
money increase
fundsDto evaluation
RBI in case of aofcurrency
emergency.means depreciating the currency against other
sed to control inflation or spending power of people. Reverse RepoDevaluation rate is reduced of currency
if RBI want
is done
banksin country
to limit thewithlending
floatingtoexchange
people, resulting
rates, i
ct automobile sale in long run. To control inflation
se repo rate is the rate at which Capital Formation
Capital formation ismeans
the process of Devaluation
developing opportunities a currency
of that
Currency is when
bring means
you thethe
value. government
value of currency reduces the currency
with respect to For
ve Repo rate is the rate of inte These value propositions could capitalize Government
in futuresometimes
and come devalues
in different a currency
forms. of the country when it is ex
se repo rate
velopment ofisa the rate like
country which Capital
India, formation
increase takes place
in oil prices has aby capiDevaluation
domino effect which of in
currency means
turn causes weakening
a increase of currency.
in national expenditure on deve
nd citizens as increased taxes.Capital This makes
formation
increasing
is a termoil used
pricestoadWhen
very bad a country
situationdecides
for India.
to reduce the value of it's currency it is called de
l framework of the UK has a considerable impact on India's economy as well. As many Indian companies enjoyed a free pass to other EU m
oreign currency. This increases the expenditure and widens the Trade 1) Tobalance
control resulting
inflationin the depreciation of Rupee. For every $10/BBL in
se Repo rate is the rate of int It is the net capital accumulation ov 2) To arrest the
3. Higher value would currentlead
account deficit in trade.
to decrease
ed to control inflation/deflation Capital
of prices.
Formation is the increase in 4. To decrease cost of doing business.
ve Repo Rate is the
se a rate whichpaid
interest tCapital formation
by RBI to othermeans
banks investing
when they inDevaluation
keep their surplus of currency means
with the RBI. reducing
Increasing theinvalue of IndianRepo
the Reverse rupeesRateagain
ma
arly, a decrease in the Reverse. Repo Rate has the opposite effect on When the countries
money supply with ainfixed
the country.
exchange rate decrease the value of their cu
rate is the
everse reporate
rate atiswhich the ceCapital
generally 0.75% lowerformation
than theis arepo
termrate.
usedThis
to dDevaluation
is
Devaluation is the
so to disincentivise
of deliberate
currency banks
refers downward
from parkingadjustment
to reducing large
the value of
portionsofthe
of value
the their of a of
currency
funds cou
wit
a
ntly the repo rate is 4% and reverse Wealthreocreation
rate isby3.25%
monetizing certai It is done when currency of a country has appreciated to such an extent
se Repo rate is the rate of intecapital formation is the increase in Devaluation of currency means making the external value of currency low
se-Repo rate is the rate at whicapital formation is the change in stock of capital.
se Repo Rate is the rate at which the banks lend money to RBI. If rDevaluation of a currency means to weaken the currency. If 75 Indian ru
ve repo rate is the percentage Capital formation refers to investmenDevaluation of currency refers to decrease in the value of currency as co
e interest
se that the
Repo Rate Central
is the Capital
rate at which RBI formation is the generation
borrows money from commercialoDevaluation
Devaluation
banks. of a currency is voluntaryreducing the value of
reduction in athe
currency.
value ofThis leads
the dome
Capital Formation
ses this as a monetary policy instrument refersthe
to decrease to money
the additsupply
A government
liquidity inmight
situation
devalue
of increasing
their currency
inflation.
to manage the trade balance
se repo rate is the rate at which banks lend money to RBI. In case Devaluation t of a currency means that the government decreases the val
se reporate
e repo rateisisthe
therate
rateatatwhich
whicchanges
the RBI in stock capital,
borrows the money additions
from themDevaluation
other banksis of the
a curency means
deliberate the govt
decrease decreases
in the currency the value
value of aby
done curren
the
uences the level of investment When amongthe banks
capital
andishence
formed is by
an luring
essentialUsed monetary
to counter instrument
government deficit.
se repo rate is at which the c Change in the stock of capital is cal The government does devaluation of money to lower the external value o
se Repo rate is the rate at wh Capital Formation is the way in whicDevaluation of a currency means that the value of currency has been de
ve Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation means accumulation Devaluation is a deliberate deduction of a country's currency which is do
ate at which the Reserve Bank of India can borrow from the other banks
se repo rate is the rate at which central bank borrows the money from the commercial banks of the country. As a monetary policy instrumen
s the rate at which RBI borrowAny investment made into a company When govt. lowers the external value of the domestic currency with respe
ate at which Banks lend moneyformation of assets like PPE, land e Devaluation of currency leads to a reduction in buying power of that curre
When the monetary authority of the country formally lower the external v
e repo rate is defined by RBI investments made by households, firthe currency devaluation means decreasing the value of our currency wit
at
sewhich
RepoCentral bank
rate is the of at
rate a coun Netthe
which capital accumulation
central during (Reserve
bank of a country an accounting
Bankperiod
Devaluation thefor
ofisIndia inacase
particular
deliberate country
ofdownward
India) borrows
adjustment
money of from
thecommercial
value of a cou ban
monetary policy instrument which Capital
canformation
be used to is a term used
control to d Countries
the money supply inthat
the have
country.
a fixed exchange rate or semi-fixed exchange rate u
e repo rate is the interest given by the central bank while lending money from the private banks.
se Repo Rate is the rate at whPurchasing commodities which help in business activities. For example a farmer purchasing a tractor to incre
se Repo rate is rate which comm Capital formation is the addition to pDevaluation
Devaluation of a currency means reducing its value in comparison
the value/purchasing power of thetocurr
oth
e repo rate is that rate at whi when we invest additional money intoGovernments sometimes devalue so that the exports increases. Classic
n important
se Repo Rate tool
is to
thecontrol money
percentage Capital
ofsupply
formation
in at
interest thewhich
market.
in macroeconomics
RBIWhile
loansmaking Example
a monetary
the of
cashDevaluation
from devaluation,
policy,
commercial
is the
the decrease the
government
banks. indollar price
the value canof
from
increase
Rs 70/$
a currency therise
inreverse
to Rsrepo
comparison75/$rate
to o
Reverse Repo rate is used as an Theinstrument
change intothe control
capitalmoney
stocksupply
throuThein an
Govt.
economy.
sometimesIf thedevalues
rate is increased
a currency thetocommercial
promote exportsbanks and
get incen
reduc
se Repo Rate means if banks have surplus of money, they can deposit to the central bank which for India is the Reserve Bank of India. Thi
se Repo rate is the rate at which the central bank borrows from the banks in the country. The reverse repo rate influences the impact of infl
ve Repo Rate is the rate at whiReinvestment of profits into the busi devaluation of currency takes place when its purchasing power becomes
se repo rate is the rate at whicCapital formation is the change in stoDevaluation of currency is the deliberate lowering of a currency's value. G
se repo rate is the rate at which the the central bank borrows moneWhen the government drops the value of its own currency in the foreign
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation means increase in Itthmeans a voluntary fall in the value of the currency by the government.
se
g torepo
the rate
middleis the
classinterest
sectionratofCapital formation
the society, risingis oil
theprices
creationmayofhave
Theadevaluation
domino effect of aoncurrency
multiplerefers to theindecrease
industries India. in the power of a cu
people would be willing to buyInitial vehicles.
investment
Transportinto costs
a business
would toincrease
It is thesignificantly.
reduction inLesser
the value people
of a would
currency be wrt
buying
to US$.
items. Based
As lesser
on theexch
bre
which banks lend money to rbRaising capital for a business Reduction in the value of money mainly done to control trade deficits
esereverse
repo rate
repois the
raterate at whi then
increases The process
the banks of will
building road,interest
get more plants,In case
Devaluation
rate of a country
by depositing
of currencyfollowing
money is with fixed
RBI.exchange
decreasing This rates
thedecreases
value model,
of its
the devaluation
currency
cash available
with respeo
in
crease in reverse repo rate decreases The amount the liquidity
of money in the
raised
economy
for startGovernments devalue its currency to restrict the high inflation rates in th
ve repo rate is the rate at whi When there is a change in stock of ca Devaluation of a currency means depreciating the value of the countries
rate is the rate at which the ceCapital formation is a term used to dGovernements devalue their currency in order to boost its export. This w
se repo rate refers to the inter It refers to the capital expenditure Devaluation of currency refers to government reducing the value of curre
the RBI borrows money from comm Capital formation is the build up of The reudction of the value of the own country's currency as compared to
se repo rate is the rate of inte The formation of capital would be byThe devaluation of a currency is the lowering of its strength in compariso
ve Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation means the increase Devaluation of a currency means reducing or bringing down the value of
Capital formation refers to change inDevaluation of currency means that the value of currency as compared t
ate at which commercial bank Capital formation is capital accumul Devaluation of currency is basically depreciate one's currency with respe
ate at which RBI borrows monenet amount gathered over one year Devaluation is the deliberate downward adjustment of a country's curren
e rate of interest that RBI offers to banks when it borrows from the Devaluation is done to inject wealth/currency into the federal reserves/ce
ate at which banks lend to the central bank ie RBI is known as ReveDevaluation of currency means reduction in the value of the currency, wh
ation sector, from an industry When to enough investments are generate When there is
Devaluation of aa need
currencyfor currency
means that flowthein the
home market, or when
currency's thedecreas
value people
se Repo Rate is the at which tCapital Formation is basically borr Government sometimes devalue a currency of a country to attract foreig
eserve Repo Rate is one at whi Change in the stock of the capital i A Devaluation of a currency is generally done to make the exports of the
ve enough oil resources of its own. So if the oil prices increase the cost of imports of India also go up and may lead to a debt. This is why in
ate at with
terest whichthethe
central bank
central bo pays
bank Capitalon formation means
the short term formation
loans oDevaluation
taken from
Devalutaion
commercial the currency
of currency
bank is called
meansis as
when the pegging
offically
reverse Government
repo ratedown. reduces
the valuetheofprice
a curro
al bank increasereverse repo rate Capital
so that
formation
banksmeansdepositthemorecapital
moneycA government
into central bank
may devalue
as intrestitsrates
currency
are higher
to make andinvestments
it will reduce and
theexpor
mon
rates are the rates set by the The Conversion of Stock into liquidi Devaluation of Currency means decreasing the value of currency or the p
se repo rate is the rate at wh Capital Formation is a process of obCurrency devaluation is a process of decreasing the value of a country's
se repo rate is the rate at whic- Devaluation of currency leads to increase in domestic prices. Governmen
e rate which banks receive to Change in the current capital stock, with increase in value; The process is termed as capital formation
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation refers to the addit Devaluation means that there is a reduction in the value of a currency. T
se Repo rate is the interest r Capital formation means the processDevaluation
o is done
of to attract
a currency investments
means making our andown
increase the less
currency liquidity
value in
se repo rate is the rate at which the central bank takes money form For example, China did increase exports
se Repo Rate is rate at which cNet capital accumulated during an aDevaluation of the currency implies the currency exchange rate is higher
se repo rate is the lending ra It is defined by increase in assets s Devaluation is when the value of rupee falls in comparison to a foreign cu
e Repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is the buying of ta Devaluation of the currency is a situation where we need to pay higher a
se repo rate is the rate at which the central
Central bank
Bankborrows
(RBI for from
India)the commercial
borrows money banks. It is used
from various to control
domestic inflation bybanks.
commercial controlling money
It controls thesup
m
It is the net capital accumulated
things remaining constant (ceteris paribus), when RBI increases RRR,dur Lowering
1. Tothis the value of
gives exports
improve currency
commercial with
banks the
- A currency respect to
incentives
with other foreign
to park
lower value funds
( More currencies
with RBI,
currency bt
nee
se Repo Rate is the rate of interest gained by banks for depositing 2. To improve trade deficits - improve in trade due to better exports caus
ate at which RBI borrows money The net total capital that is formed wDevaluation of the currency refers to the purposeful depreciating of its ow
an borrow money from commercial banks at this interest rate.
Devaluation of currency means for the same amount of money you will re
se repo rate is the rate at whi Investing in capital goods is called c Devaluation When there's is hyper
the adjustments in the price
inflation, countries have of devalued
the currency theirthereby
currencymakin
(Zim
e interest
se rate
repo rate is provided
the rate atbywhich Capital Formation
the central bank isof the total sum
a country of 1)Boost
borrows Themoneygovernment
Exports devalues currency
from commercial banks within of itsthe
owncountry.
countryAlso, at times for multipi
an increase
rse repo rate helps in controlling Capital formation
liquidity is addition
and inflation in theofeconomy.
capit 2)To Shrink Trade Deficits
rate isisan
se Repo Rate theimportant too
Capital
rate of interest at formation
which the is a term
RBI usedfrom
borrows to describe the net capital
the commercial banks. accumulation during accounting period for a partic
be used to reduce the supply of money in the market. For example,The if inflation
government
is rising,
canthedo RBI
this ifcan
there
raise
is a
thetrade
reverse
imbalance.
repo rate Forwhich
example,
make
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is the increase in Devaluation of a currency means a downward adjustment of a country's
at which central bank borrows m change in the stock of the capital. Downward adjustment of the value of a country's currency when compar
se Repo rate is the rate at which the central bank pays the banks to maintain reserves with them. When there is an increase in reserve repo
se Repo rate s the rate at whicnet capital of a country during a fina When a country adjusts the value of their currency with respect to anothe
e rate at which the central bank or RBI borrows money from banksIt can primarily reduce trade deficits by reducing the cost of country expo
se Repo Rate is the rate at which RBI borrows money from the co Reduce the cost of the domestic operations
se repo-rate is the interest rateCapital formation means raising prima Devaluation of currency means evaluating and assigning new value acco
e rate at which the central It refers to the addition of capital Devaluation refers to decreasing the value of domestic currency by the g
se Repo rate is the rate at which RBI borrows from the commercial/This refers to the times when the government voluntarily reduces the val
se Repo Rate is the interest raCapital Formation means the changeDevaluation i means reducing the value of the currency with respect to for
terest charged by the banks toFor a start to grow it needs to build Decreasing the value of currency by the government is called devaluatio
everse repo rate is the rate at Capital formation is adding of the fu Devaluation of a currency means when the value of domestic currency g
se repo rate is the rate at which the central bank of a country bor Devaluation of a currency is when the process in whichcurrency
the country's the international
decreases value
in va
eserve
se repoBank
rate isofthe
India sometimes
interest rate paid try to
bydecrease the money
RBI to banks for the supply
excessin Governments
deposit kept by who arewith
them heavily
RBI.dependent
RBI uses Repo on their rateexports tend to Repo
and Reverse devalu
e RBI uses Repo rate to manage Capital
the fund
formation
availability
refersintothe
accumulat
economy. Devaluation of Currency refers to when the amount required to buy 1 Do
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation is investment madeWhen government lowers the external value of the domestic currency it i
at which commercial banks borro Capital formation is a term used to dDevaluation Devaluation refersis depreciating
to the govt theregulated
value of the currency
fall in the value of one
of thecountry relatc
domestic
se Repo Rate is the rate at which the commercial banks grant loansThe to govt undertakes devaluation of home currency to increase the trade
se Repo
e rate Rate isthe
at which thecentral
rate atbank
whiWhen over theborrows
of a country years, new moneycapital
fromisthe
Devaluation
decreaseofincurrency
thecommercial banks
the value isof
insidewhen
a
the the purchasing
countries
country. currency. power of the currency is
helps to keep the money supply It inside
refers to thethe measure
country of the increa Sometimes low currency rates are profitable for trade.
in control.
se Repo rate is the rate interest rate atgovernment
at which which the central
borrows bank
fromlends money from other banks. When increased it can decrease the money supp
the banks.
n instrument RBI uses to control the money supply in the system and When thusa control
government
the inflation.
deliberately reduces the value of the domestic curre
se Repo Rate refers to rate of interest RBI pays to banks for the a Devaluation of currency is an intentional measure taken by the governme
m of this comes from imports. The increasing oil prices will directly Devaluation of a currency is decreasing the value of the country's curren
of interest paid by RBI to the banks on government securities
l prices, India's import costs increase widening the already high fiscal deficit of India. This puts India in debt which is okay to a certain for a
te at which central bank of It tells us about the net capital that Devaluation is bringing down country's own currency as compared to the
se Repo Rate refers to the rat Capital formation is a result of inve Devaluation of currency would refer to : taking example of the current sce
se repo rate is the rate of interest earned by banks when they deposi In order to pay debt owned to other countries
Rateisisthe
ve Repo rate therate
interest
which raItRBI
refers
givesto to
increase
Bank forand decrease
keeping in Devaluation
surplus funds withof
Sometimes, currency
inflation
RBI. raterefers to when
increases so the
much Fair value
that of the currency
it accedes dec
the interest
n Reserve Repo Rate increasesCapital banksformation refersmore
tends to keep to the proc with
money Government
RBI whichneedwill extract
to keepmoney
a check from
on the
inflation
market thatandit should
increase be the
in avalue
pres
sed during the period Inflation.
net capital accumulation in an accoudevaluation of currency is basically the lowering of the external value of t
se Repo Rate is defined as
ve repo rate is the rate at which theCapital Formation
the central bank iseg.defined as the money
RBI borrows iDevaluation
It is thefrom of a currency
deliberate
commercial
downward refers
banks. to reducing
adjustment of athe value ofcurrency
country's the domestic
value cu
by
sed to control the money supply in the country. Govt. sometimes devalue currency because it can help reduce the cost
ve repo rate is the interest rat Change in capital of an organisationWhen country's lower their exchange rate in comparison to other country
se Repo Rate - It is the interest rate that the RBI has to pay to th When a government intentionally reduces the value of its currency as co
se Repo rate is the rate at which Central bank takes loans from c Devaluation of currency mean decreasing the value of money. It is done
se Ratio is the rate at which RCapital Formation means building a fDevaluation of a currency happens when a country follows a fixed excha
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is the process of r Devaluation of a currency is the process of reducing the value of its curre
everse repo rate is the rate a The product of man made equiments, If there
i are higher demands of foreign products, the reserves of Foreign
se Repo Rate is rate at which Capital Formation is defined as the It Devaluation
is a concept of where
a currency is the deliberate
the country would notlowering
let the true of the value
value of the
of the cu
curre
et from imports so if the oil When you raise money for your busi A country would sometimes devalue their currency so as to compete in t
se repo rate is the rate at whicCapital formation is the process of c it is a downward adjustment in a currency with respect to other currencie
ate at which the RBI pays inter Creation of Capital In plain words, devaluation of a currency requires more of that currency t
se repo rate is the interest ra Adding or increasing of capital goodsDevaluation of currency means lowering the nominal value of the currenc
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital Formation is the total amountDevaluation of currency is when the value of one currency with respect to
e rate at which the central bank of a country borrows money from It is the decrease in the value of a country's currency against currency of
Reporate
se repo raterefers
is an important
to the ratefunCapital
of formation
interest refers
the private to the
banks willnet Devaluation
incurOfficially
when they of a currency
lowering
deposit
the valuerefers
money with
of thetocurrency
the the decrease
central bank. in the value
of a country withinofaafixed
currenc
rat
gives the Rate
se Repo private
is banks
the rateanatincentive
which thetoRBI
keep more money
borrows with the
funds from central
Devaluation
commercial bank.
Devaluation
banks.ofcurrency
of currencyrefers
is sometimes doneinby
to decrease the government
value of the co
of domestic currency
rse Reporate
se repo Rate can bethe
is when used
RBItoborrows
regulatemoney
moneyfrom
supply
the in the economy.
commercial Government
When the
banks.
Devaluation ofdevalues
Reverse
currencycurrency
Repo
is whenRateto increases,
thecontrol increase
value of abanks inearn
currency exports
ismore which
by lendin
decreased ultim
bu
n reverse repo rate is increased, it means that interest rates in general Governments
would also can
increase,
sometimes
whichdevalue
is done totheir
curbcurrency
inflation.if it is increasing too
rate is the rate that the RBI chCapital accummulation in terms of Devaluation of a currency refers to deliberate depreciation in the domest
se Repo Rate is the rate at whCapital formation is a method of deve Devaluation of a currency means that the same amount of currency will b
The ability to generate more money When at its exchange rate falls in comparison to other currencies. This can
se repo rate is the rate at which RBI borrows money from banks. Ca Devaluation refers to reducing value of country's own currency. It helps e
se Repo Rate is the rate that thIt means increase in the incomes lead Devaluation of currency is reducing the value of one's own currency as c
ate at which commercial banksCapitall formation refers to building oWhen the government reduces the value of its currency on its own it is ca
Change in the stock of capital or addition made to physical stock of capital during a period of time.
y imports. If oil prices increaseit is the net capital summation for an accounting period.
ate at which the RBI takes loanThe alleviation and depreciation in thBy devaluation, we mean that certain notes of the currency are made ille
e rate at which central bank Net capital accumulated during a part Devaluing the value of own country's currency with respect to that of othe
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is trying to build Devaluation of a currency is reducing the flexible exchange rates of the c
se Repo rate refers to the rate at which the Reserve Bank of India Devaluationbo of currency is when a government reduces the relative value
e have excess
time of funds
inflation RBIthan the RBI
increases theand earnsRepo-rate
reverse interest forwhich
it. Themakes
rate Devaluation
atbank
which central
lend more bank
of Currency
money borrows
to RBImoney
means from
instead
decreaseof incommercial
general
the value ofbanks.
public It can
Currency
making the be
in liqu
res
eas at the time of deflation RBIIt decreases
is a specificthe
statistical
Reverseconcept,
Repo-rate which
At theand
timeInstead
of deflation
of lending
whento
people
the RBI
have
banks
to less
try and
to spend
lend the
andmoney,
economy th
se Repo rate is the rate at which RBI borrows loan from other PSU banks. The interest earned by these banks hence, helps them in improv
se Repo Rate is the rate at whCapital formation refers to the proceDevaluation of a currency happens when the monetary value of the curre
se repo rate is a rate at which Capital formation means increasing the Devaluation of a currency means that the currency of a country falls with
se Repo rater is the rate at which RBI can borrow money from the ban Devaluation of currency is when the actual/real value of money is decrea
se repo rate is the rate at wh To build or increase on the physical Reduction in value of the currency with respect to the standard currency,
se Repo rate is the rate of interest which RBI gives to the banks whic Decrease in value of the currency. To balance the trade ie import and ex
at which Central bank of a counIt is net accumulation of capital goo Reduction in the value of a currency as compared to some other currenc
ices of oil means increased import cost which is not good for eco Devaluation of currency means to deliberately decrease the country'c cu
everse repo rate is the rate which is fixed by RBI and refers to the rate at which the RBI borrows the money from the commercial banks
everse repo rate is the interest The money invested or acquired to sta Whenever
Hence the this happens,
imports it helps
of country in exports
A reduces by as
halfother countries
to country can getpar
B, ceritus m
se Repo rate is the interest charged by the banks to the RBI. These
One of measures
the reasons arethemany
govtadoes
timesthis.taken to change the direction of trad
se Repo rate refers to the rateCapital Formation refers to the activi Indian manufacturers(Exporters) compete with manufacturers of other c
se Repo rate is the rate at which central bank (RBI in India) borro Devaluation is decreasing the country's currency. This is helpful for expo
ve
se repo
Reporate
rateisrefers
the rate at whi
to rate thatItthe
is the capital
Central accumulation
Bank pays to theduring Lowering
commercial
Devaluation of external
banks, ofwhen value ofrefers
the currency
commercial thebanks
domestic
to a hold currency.
situation
morewherein
money thethanvalue
as required
of the
Reverse Repo rate helps in controlling Capital formation
the moneyrefers
supplyto as
a situat
when the It is
reverse
generally
rep done
rate isbyraised,
the government
it allows commercial
to make the banks
domestic
to holdcountry
more an mo
ence affecting the citizens. Formation of capital means generatin By devaluation of a currency we mean the decision to lower the value of
at which central bank borrows money from commercial banks..
se Repo Rate is the interest ratCapital formation refers to the accumDevaluation of a currency refers to the fall in value of the domestic curren
se repo rate is the interest rat It is the net capital accumulation du A currency gets devalued when there is increase of cash flow in the mark
se
ve Repo Rate is the rate
rate implies thatof int Capital
reserve banksformation
borrowsismoney
increasing
fromthe Devaluation
commercial banksof currency occurs under fixed exchange rate system. It invo
y of money can be increased because
Assets present
of this for an accounting
se Repo Rate is the rate at which the Central bank borrows funds from peReducing
When the
the the currency
commercial
government value deliberately
banks.
reduces the value of which may resultcurrency
the domestic in decreased
with re
al banks use this instrument toInvolvesmanagethe theproduction
money supplyand in
creation
the economy.
In order When
to attract
there's
the foreign
an influxinvestment,
of money supply,
Government
reversesometimes
repo ratedevalu
will b
se Repo rate is the rate of inteAccumulation of net capital in one acDevaluation refers to the drop in value of a currency with respect to a for
terest rate at which banks lend money to central bank
se repoinrate
crease themeans
reversethe raterate
repo at which banks give
will decrease to the RBI.
the money supply Devaluation
other
Whenthings of currency
government
remaining or means
constant.
monetary downward
Anauthority
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tha
et more incentives to park theirCapital funds with
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bu called thedevaluation
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se Repo Rate is the rate at which banks deposit money with the RBI Devaluation of a currency means that the currency is being depreciated i
rs to the rate at which the c Capital formation refers to an increasDevaluation is the deliberate downward adjustment of a country's curren
e rate which the RBI pays to It refers to the increase in fixed ass It refers to the lowering of the value of a country's currency with respect t
which the central bank of a Capital formation is a term used to dDevaluation is the downward adjustment of a country's currency value by
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation refers to the gene Devaluation of a currency refers to the reduction in the value of the curre
se repo rate is the interest reserve bank of India gives to the bank fDevaluation of currency means the total amount of money increases is m
ate at which the central bank boInvestment Expenditure in the economy Devaluation of currency refers to the decrease in the value of domestic c
se repo rate is the rate which tIt refers to the increase or decrease D i evaluation of currency refers to the intentional decrease in the value of
e rate at which the GovernmenAddition made to the physical stock o Devaluation of a currency means to suddenly reducing the value of its cu
se repo rate is the rate at whi Whenever capital is accumulated ie a When a country deliberately decreases the value of currency it is known
Devaluation of currency means is the official
to reducelowering of the value
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efficacy in the wo
oil repo
se rate for
rateitsisconsumer.
the rate at which the Central bank of any country borrows Governements
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attract investors
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increase trad
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creased repo rate would meanCapital that theformation
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getdevaluation
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se Repo Rate (RRR) is the rate at which RBI borrows loans from the Reduction
ba of domestic currency value by the government against the fore
the central bank of the countryThe capital formation refers to the p The government sometimes devalue the currency to curb the illegal stor
se Repo rate is the rate of int Capital formation is the investment mDevaluation of a currency is fall of the value of a particular currency with
se Repo Rate is the rate at whCapital formation is the process throDevaluation of currency means the decreased value of the domestic curr
se Repo rate is the rate the b Capital formation is the process wheDevaluation refers to weakening of the currency of the country by the cen
e rate at which the bank lend net capital accumulation during acc Lowering value of currency, Monetary tool to boost trade.
ve Repo Rate is the rate at whiCapital Formation is the generation oDevaluation of currency means that the value of our home currency depr
ve repo rate is the rate at which RBI deposits money in a bank
se Repo Rateis is
repo rate thetherate
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which banks get bank
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pivate valueIt of
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lesser Som tha
rse repo rate is used to regulate the amount of money being floated in our economy.
se Repo rate refers to the rateIt refers to the countries capacity t Devaluation of a currency means the downward adjustment of the value
ate of interest at which the central bank borrows money from the commercial The government
banks isdevalues
known asthe reverse
currency repo ofrate.
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e- The central bank has controlIt over is thethe
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control inflation
because in the
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ustrial purpose and many other purposes the increase in oil prices will impact the spending of the country. Also as most of the oil is being im
e repo rate is the rate which c capital formation is the difference beDevaluation of a currency is defined as reduction in purchasing power of
a central bank borrows/keeps Capital mo formation is accumulating of Devaluation
c of currency is when a country reduces its value on a global f
roduce it ourselves. Due to the vast population of India, the demand for oil is high. Even a slight increase in oil prices affects India a lot due
se repoatrate
e rate which is used to control
the Central BanksCapital
These formation
in aare
country is the
the additions
can investment
deposit
that their
are made Toto
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the physical
central
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ban,ofor
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say it is increase
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the central
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asing Reverse Repo rate ensures It helps
betterincrease
returns productivity
and thus reduces, output
the
Governments
andmoney
profits
in thesometimes
economy devalue
as commerical a currency banks of the
lendcountry
more moneyto combact
to RB
of India and also its current account deficit. When government
Devaluation of a country
of a currency referslowers the value
to reduction of its of
in value domestic currency
one currency in
se Repo Rate can be understood Savings over time would lead to capi Governments inject money to their economy and devalue their currency
e rate of interest charged b Investing resources in a business. Lowering the value of own currency with respect to others'
It is a term used to describe the net capital accumulation during an accounting period for a particular country.
rate is the rate at which RBI lends money. Reverse Repo Rate is the Devaluation of a currency is reducing the value of the country's currency
result in the increase the prices of the products, which will inturn decrease the purchasing power of the people and ultimately push one tow
e repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is described as the net capital accumulation during an accounting tenure for a particular cou
everse repo rate is the rate at Addition to the infrastructure in the When the value of the domestic currency is reduced by the government u
at which RBI takes loans from pCapital formation is acquiring the ca When the currency is valued lesser than usual, Governments sometimes
se Repo Rate is the rate at whiCapital formation means increase in Devaluation p is used in a fixed exchange rate system. It is used by countr
se repo rate is the rate at which the central bank lends money to othe devaluation of the currency means when the government officially decrea
ve Repo Rate is the rate at of which
inteThethe changes
centralinbank
the stock
borrowsof capital du
from the When
At thewhen
commercial
times price of currency
banks.
the value fallscurrency
Theofcurrent
the inrate
relation
is in to the
4.40%.
the pricesworld
outside of thegoes
other globa
down t
never there is a situation in the economy where the central bank wishes The to reason
restrict
thethe
government
flow of money takeswithinthis step
the economy
is to reduce theytheadopt
amountthis of
to im
e
ases costs and often leads to aItCrefers to addition of assets/capit Devaluation of currency refers to a scenario when the government of a p
se Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital Formation means the activitieDevaluation of the currency is used when the price of our currency is hig
ate at which RBI borrows money Net capital accumulation for a parti Devaluing a currency means loosing the position wrt to other country's cu
se repo rate is the rate at whi Capital formation is the creation of Devaluation refers to lowering down the value of currency by the governm
se repo rate refers to the rate of interest on the money deposited byDevaluation of a currency refers to bringing down the value of the curren
terest rate that banks earn in exchange for depositing excess fundDevaluation is the drop in the country's currency value. It helps to reduce
e rate at which commercial b Addition to the stock of capital is k Devaluation of a currency is when the government reduces the value of t
rs to the interest rate at whi It refers to the accumulation of cap When monetary authority decreases the external value of its internal curr
hardly produce any oil and has to import oil from other countries inGovernments devalue a currency of the country because devaluation lea
e rate at which RBI borrows money from the banks Devaluation of a currency means a fall in the value of the currency which
ve Repo Rate refers to the rateCapital formation is the formation of capital in the country or an organisation as the result of several functions
n future they can be easily employed and quality of labour for primary and secondary sectors is high.
e rate at which the central Change in the stock of capital When government or monetary authority of a country officially lowers the
ays banks for the excess fundsIt is total money(Capital ) a country Lowering of the value of the currency, to increase the trade with foreign a
ate at which
ve Repo RBI
Rate is borrows
the rate money
at whichfrom other
central banks
bank of aiscompany
reverse repo
lendsrate.
money from the other banks.
sed to control liquidity and inflation
Change in the
in the
country.
stock of capital is call When govt or monetary authority of the company officialy lowers the exte
e rate at which central bank Capital formation means increase in Devaluation s of currency is the fall in the currency compared to other curr
When government or monetary authority of a country officially
lowers the external value of its domestic currency it is called devaluation
se Repo
e rate rate is the
at which the central
rate at bank
wh It is Net Capital
borrows money accumulation of the country
from other commercial during
banks withinthethe
accounting
country. period.
n there is a surplus in the market, Totalreverse
accumulation
repo rateofhelps
capital
in such
reducing Downwards
the supplyadjustments
of money in of thea market
country'sthus
currency
controlling
value.
theIt overall
is a deliberate
money sp
ate at which RBI gives out loans to other banks. It's used to control When the inflation. i.e., the Repo rate being high can disincentivize
government or monetary regulatory authority of a country lowers banks to tath
se repo rate is the rate at whi Change in the stock of capital The government does this to bring the prices at euilibrium.
ia cannot afford to take such action Devaluation of currency means to reduce the value of the rupee in the m
at which banks deposit it's mone Net capital accumulation for a partic Reduction in value of a country's currency as compared to US Dollar,Gov
ve Repo rate is rate at which bCapital formation is the process of Devaluation of a currency means reduction in the value of currency with
se repo rate is the interest ra It is the net capital gathered during an accounting period for a particular country.
ve repo rate is rate at which NA The reduction in the value of currency due to excess currency in circulati
e rate at which central bank It refers to addition of goods mostly capital goods like equipments during an accounting period.
everse Repo Rate is an important Monetary Policy tool used by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to control liquidity and inflation in the econ
ate at which
se repo ratebanks
is the lend money
rate at An
whicht the
addition to assets
commercial bankslikecharge
infrastruc Devaluation
the interest to theiscentral
reducing theinvalue
bank caseofofcurrency with respect
lending money to the to other bank.
central world
s a monetary policy instrument because if there will be a increase in Devaluation
the reverseofrepo
a currency
rate, themeans
moneydecreasing
supply willthe
increase
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and currency
with theand
decrit
se Repo
ate ratethe
as which is the rate bank
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borrows
Change in thethe
funds banking
from
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theiscommercial
called capitalA formation
bankscountry
in thepurposefully devalues
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they increase the rate, relative
there is to
ananother
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hen there is a decrease in the rates
Addition
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money
the physical
is absorbed
capitalback
is called
and
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government
an effect of reduces
decreasethein value
deflation
of its domestic currency to fix the exc
se the deficit. When the government
Devaluation decides
of a currency means to that
lower the value
it loses of theincountrys
its value currenc
comparison to o
se Repo Rate is the rate at whiCapital refers to things that help us Government sometimes devalue a currency because it helps in boosting
ve Repo Rate
se rate isisthe
therate at whiCapital
interest Formation
rate at which centralisbank
any borrows
change in th
Devalaution
money is when
from other banksthe government lowers the value
in country.
sed to control liquidity and inflation
Capital
in country.
formation means increase in Devalution of currency means fall in our currency value in comparison to
se repo rate is the rate at which RBI borrows loans from commercial When the value of a currency is lowered in the external markets ie in com
When the government decreases the

value of currency in respect to foreign
change
Increaseininstock when government
currencies. lowersdecreases
Government the external
the
2 of capital
overall capital value of the country currency.
value so as to keep a price check on
over a particular products and goods and to attract more
accounting foreign investments as the currency is
2 period
To pool up undervalued.
Devaluation of a currency means letting
resources in the currency value to fall. Governments
order to initiate or devalue the currency inorder to make
2 run a business the domestic products cheaper.
2 Capital formation
is the net change
in stocks of the
2 capital
Capital 2
Formation is the
It is net capital Devaluation- Deliberate downgrading of
money with for
accumulation money value of one's country
2 normal people
the country 2 It is done to reduce the trade deficits.
and liquid money Devaluation of Currency means to
and assets kept reduce the value of currency in terms of
aside by banks US dollars. Government sometimes
2 which are used devalue the currency to increase its
to purchase and exports as the price can reduce and
sell goods and other economies can find it easier to
2 services. purchase
Capital formation required to purchase one unit of the
is a veryformation
Capital foreign currency.
essential factor in
includes capital At times, the government may devalue
the growth
goods like tools,rate of the currency of the country primarily to
any country
machinery, land and boost exports. When the currency of a
is
etcgenerally
and entails to country is devalued, the purchasing
This
ignitedtalks
by about
direct power of the foreign currency rises. This
capital
the goods
increase in
government
which are of a acts as an advantage for the exporters.
the assets
spending.
generatedinWhen
company inaone One, the goods they export are relatively
the government
accounting year cheaper than before for the foreign
specific
spends money country due to a rise in the purchasing
generally.
accounting
on infrastructure power of the currency. Thus, the
period, say it
development, demand for the goods being exported
equipment,
leads to capital rises and this boosts exports of the
machinery,
formation, which land, country. Also, exporters receive
etc. It is referred
in turn leads to payments in foreign currency, and due
to as capital
greater Devaluation of a currency
to the depreciation is fall in the
of the home
formation
employment, as currency with respect to other
currency, one unit of foreign currency
cash
incomes,is used in currencies. At times,more
gives the exporters governments
units of the
order
aggregateto process devalue the currency
home currency than before.because theyinwant
Thus,
these
demand asset
and to shift from being an import-driven
order to gain advantage in the
2 purchases.
growth thus economy to an
international export-driven
market by the way one.of
leading to a boosting exports is one of main reasons
virtuous cycle of for a government to devalue the
2 growth. currency of a country.
When the government makes the use of
current currency redundant, it is called
ng countries. 2 devaluation
The value ofofcurrency
a currency.
decreases in the international market.
Oil will eventually lead to inflation.
To reinvest the earnings of the busin Goverment devalue currency sometime to promote exports and trade ba
rate is the rate of interest at Capital formation is the capital accumulation in a given period like stocks, inventory etc.
e repo rate is the rate at which the central bank borrows money fr Devaluation of currency is when the country adjust its currency in downw
Increasing the stock of real capital in a country is called capital formation.
ve repo rate is the rate at which RBI takes loan from other banks. Eg
Devaluation of a currency means the value of the currency has decrease
ntity and change;
ve Repo rate is the rate at whiCapital formation refers to the changDevaluation of a currency is a situation in which the govt of a country dec
which the central government borrows from banks decrement in the value of a currency from the global market perspective
everse repo rate is the interes Describe the net capital accumulation during an accounting period
evaluation of a currency? Why do government som
What is Disguised Unemployment?
ans that the financial authority, lowers the foreign exchange rate of its currency. This is done
ernal value
ecreases itsofcurrency
domestic currency.
against Exports
other countrycan increase and become competitive.
currencies.
When work is actually not being done but shown as if work is being done
of the currency with respect to the global currenc When more people work for a particular job than the requirement, it is called disguis
value of money. This is basically done to leverage trade
DIsguised Unemployment is basically when it seems that the person is employed whe
ans the fall in the value of a currency as compared toDisguised Employment, as the name suggest, is where a person SEEMS to be emplo
olves weakning of a currency with respect to another. Governments sometimes devalue their currency to increase the competitiveness of th
ers to reducing the value of a the domestic currency Disguised unemployment refers to the concept where in people do have jobs but do n
erate downward adjustment of a country's currency,asIn
idethis unemployment type, people seem to be employed but are actually unemployed
ns to reduce the value of the country's currency. This is
Disguised unemployment is when the capacity of an individual is not utilized at wor
ans its value vis-a-vis foreign currency decreases. Deva
It is the type of unemployment in which a person choose to be unemployed
ns to lower the value of currency in comparison to other currencies. Governments use this to control deflation.
s with respect to dollar.
rease in the value of currency, or simply the cancellatio
Disguised Unemployment refers to a scenario wherein there appears to be employme
means weakening of currency. Unemployment where skills of workers are not utilised at its full capacity
mestic currency depreciating with respect to foreign currencies. Government sometimes do it to increase foreign investments in country.
p a check on the money supply in the country. If thereWhen more people are working than the actual requirement, it is known as disguised
ans the value of the currency has depreciated as compared to the currencies of other countries, making imports expensive and exports c
the rate of a currency with respect to the US Dollar. When the employees who are paid for but have no work or very trivial work.
easing number of units of one currency exchanged f It is when the labour employed is neither required to do the work nor is appropriately
ans reducing its exchange power in comparison to dolla

when more people are employed for a work than required
a country's currency relative to other countries is kno Disguised unemployment refers to a situation when an organisation does not utilize th
he RBI. The RBI increases Reverse Repo rate which means banks would want to keep their money with the RBI and reducing cash in the m
e reduction in the value of the currency by increasi Disguised Unemployment is a situation when the number of people employer are mor
wering
ns that of
thethe value of a country's
government currency in ait's
intentionally fix It is a kind of unemployment where peopl are only visibly employed but actually th
ent or monetary authority of a countrydevalues
officially own currency in value with respect to other countries.
. Ifdomestic
ts the currency of a particular country is devalued then
currency It is
more
a scenario
goods can
where be too
bought
manyfrom
workers
country
arefor
filling
the too
same less
price
jobs and are getting paid l
nce, devaluation makes export cheaper and hence increases A labourthe
Disguised whodemand
is utilised
unemploymentfor in
exported
a job
is butgoods
which not contributing
people for the
are physically production
employed butofactually
goods unemp
and
ans a deliberate downward adjustment of the value of afor example only needs 4 people to run but has 7 people working in it.
ange system where
tries currency . the government increases the prices
Disguised unemployment is when more number of people perform a task, which can e
When people
adjustment of a country's currency value which the government are actually
issuing not employed
the currency but appears to be employed
decides upon.
t of a country's exports, making them more competitive
Disguised
in the global
unemployment
market ergoisincreases
when there
theare
cost
people
of their
whoimports,
are "seemingly
so domestic
unemployed"
consumers
ntionally reduces the value of the country's currency Basically it refers to a situation where the labour employed is not working to full capa
e external
dia valueinterest
at a certain of its domestic currency,
rate. Normally the itreverse
is termed In
asrate
repo disguised
is 1% employment,
less than the more workers
repo rate. For are
ex, ifemployed
the repo than actually
rate is required
4.5%, then for the
reverse repo
et, the banks can loan this money to the central bank of the country at a reverse repo rate. This money would now be with central bank and
Disguised unemployment is a type of employment where an able bodied individual wh
ans depreciation of the value of a currency with respect to some other currency.
ither take a loan or deposit the money to RBI to control market prices.
ns reducing the exchange rate of the currency to below
Disguised Unemployment refers to section of society that is currently employed but ha
to the capital resources of a country When more people are on the job than the job needs, there is disguised unemployme
ncy ; it is done to attract foreign investments as well as to promote exports to other countries.
s the concept where the value of the currency of a country falls down or decreases with respect to the dollar value. That is for a same dollar
devalue their currency in order to increase its exports In
anddisguised
gaining from
unemployment
them. the country report shows the population percentage with e
means when the value of the domestic currency is officia
Disguised unemployment is a situation wherein although the number of people emplo
g the value of domestic currency with relevance to fo When skilled labor is willing to work but not getting suitable opportunities then this
lue in value of domestic currency in comparison to t A situation in which a labour is not actually utilised to its full capacity in production of t
adjustment of the value of a country's money relative It's a kind of employment in which people are visibly employed but actually unemploy
value the
means of the home currency
purposeful in relation
depreciation to foreign
or lowering curthe
down Also known
2. value
For of aas
example: hidden
country's unemployment,
10 farmers
currency
working it aisplot
by itsonown agovernment
situation when
of land that peoplebank
or essentially
central are employed
requires onlyvisib
authority 2f
authorities may want to indulge in devaluation if they 3.feel
This
thatdoesn't
their currency
affect aggregate
value is too
output
highor (asGDP
thisper
mayse,
hamper
but leads
theirtoimports
low productivity a
ns the value of the currency going down with respect to the other countries. Government sometimes devalues currency to adjust it with th
ers to the government increasing the exchange rate dDisguised Unemployment happens when the people are apparently employed in a pla
eduction is in the value of the country's currency by itsAn economic situation where people are shown as employed according to actual stati
ry falls as compared to currencies of the world, it is called devaluation of the currency. Sometimes government intentionally devalue the cu
e system where the exchange rate of a currency doesIt is a state when people are visibly employed but their is not value addition due to
ans decreasing the currency value so that there is a fall in the domestic prices. This is done by the government to promote the sale of its
e process by which government effectively reduces th It is a type of unemployment where people are visibly unemployed inspite of actually
ans decrease in the value of a currency in terms od s When there are more people engaged in a particular job than required to perform it e
when governments voluntarily reduce the exchange valDisguised unemployment is a situation where the labour force employed is not utilised
es the domestic currency with respect to a foreign curre
Disguised unemployment is when the people who are willing to work at a prevailing p
means that the value of currency goes down when it is compared to other currency or the value of other companies goes down.
ns decrease in domestic prices. The government doesDisguised so b Unemployment is a situation where an individual is actually unemployed b
alue currency of the country because it provides export Disguised
benefit toUnemployment is alsocan
the traders. Traders called
earnasmore
below standard
money employment
by exporting . Inand
goods thisservice
situat
of open economy policies.
counter rapidly fluctuating prices or inflation. Ex: 5 people working at a farm where only two or three were needed.
means that the value of the currency should be lowereDisguised unemployment refers to a type of unemployment of a person who doesn't a
en a government prints more currency due to which its Disguised unemployment is when there are more number of people doing a job than r
ugh which a country's central bank deliberately reduces Disguised unemployment is a kind of unemployment in which there are people who ar
e value of currency comapred to USD and government devalues a currency of the country so as to keep in check the rising prices
s to the depreciation of the currency in the country as Disguised unemployment is the type unemployment in which there are many workers
means the Govt/Central bank takes measure to reduceDisguised Employment - Means people have been employed , however they donot ha
ns the weakening of currency with respect to USD rateWhen more people are working a job than is required, it is called disguised unemploy
downgrade of country's currency value. It helps to cont Disguised Unemployment is when productivity is lower and more worker are ready to
deliberate lowering of the value of the currency
making the good/service more competitive in the market by Disguised Unemployment where the people appear employed but are actually unemp
so that more domestic business is flourished Disguised Unemployment is a type of unemployment where a company takes in more
alue their currency to increase the competitiveness ofDisguised t unemployment occurs when an more people than are required are employe
means decreasing the domestic currency value as comp Disguised umemployment is when more people are employed in a job than needed.
the value
ducing theof the currency
purchasing withofrespect
power to the another foreign currency. A country does this to fix the balance of trade
the currency.
r to favor balance of payments When the people doing a particular job are more than required.
e intentional decrease of the value of the country's cu Disguised unemployment is when the unemployment is not directly from lack of availa
s lower the value, that is lower the exchange rate for fo When the unemployment is apparent and cannot be seen prima facia, its is disguised
giving away more money for the same set of goods while Disguised unemployment is a type of unemployment in which the the concerned perso
The unemployment where the unemployed people are not motivated enough to look f
ers to the decrease in purchasing capacity of the cou When people associate themselves with jobs/works that don't require any more emplo
means reducing it's price in comparison to the Dollar value. It is at times deliberately done by the government. This means that the products
rnment reduces the value of their domestic currency wi It is underemployement. If a job can be done by 2 people, and 10 are engaged in it, th
when the government depreciates its own currency. It Disguised unemployment is when on the face of it, people are working and have jobs
country's currency relative to the world standard is Its a type of unemployment in which the people appear to be employed but in reality
mpact the spending of consumers Out of 10 people, it seems all 10 people are employed but the requirement for compl
ption It is the form of employment where the skills of the labor force are not used to its
Central bank ; Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to maintaiDisguised unemployment is that kind of unemployment in which there are people who
ers to in
falls decrease
value in in its value with
comparison respect
to other to other wor
currencies, Disguised
it means more ofunemployment
that currency refers to thetosituation
is required purchasein the
which therecurrency.
foreign are moreThis
workers empd
is called
e currency
ncy is known sometimes to increase
as devaluation exports.
of a currency. Disguised unemployment is when more number of people are employed on a job than
government devalues the currency.
he reducing the value of domestic currency viz a viz Disguised unemployment is a form of unemployment wherein the individuals are obse
e value of the currency with respect to other currenci More people are employed than required such that not much value addition is being d
urrency is decreased by the government, it is known Disguised Unemployment is a scenario where the number of workers working are mor
ans that the value that the currency previously held haDisguised Unemployment is when there aren't jobs available in the country as compar
ans Increase in the price of a currency against the standard currency. Government sometimes devalue a currency to leverage the trade ben
nmentwhen
alued itself itdepreciates
loses valuethe Valuetoofother
relative their currencies
currency inDisguised unemployment
foreign exchange market.is Its
something where
a result of it is notmonetary
a country's visible that unemployment is pre
policy.
boost to their export market. Ex-When Indian currency It is
refers
devalued,
to the itunderuse
costs less
of for
a worker
other countries
because a tojobpurchase
does not
theuse
product
the worker's
from India,
skills,
and
in
course of running the business.
n the value of the currency as compared to other currencies.Disguised Unemployment can be defined as a situation where a person appears to be
ncies in order to make imports more expensive and exports It is the stateinoforder
cheap employment
to correctwhereas the people
the current accountworking are more
and balance than people requir
of trade.
ans decrease in the value of currency by the government.
o as to strike a balance between the overall trade deficit

Disguised
based upon
Unemployment
the demandrefers
and supply
to a setup
of reserves,
where more
FDI,anImports
enoughand individuals
exports andareothe
em
When the
ers to the depreciation of the value of a currency with respect to people who
a foreign are willing to work are not utilized to their full capacity it is
currency.
es devalue their currency to increase exports as this makes
Disguised
it cheaper
unemployment
for foreignrefers
participants
to a kind
toofpurchase
unemployment
in the host
wherein
country's
the labor
currency.
is not ut
en the value of the currency decreases in the excha Disguised unemployment is when a person is not getting enough wages for the work h
sically refers to the decreasing of the value of the cur It is the type of unemployment wherein more people are employed to do the work tha
when the external cost of the currency is reduced.
ment voluntarily reduces the exchange rate fot the couwhen more people are employed to do a job than are required. eg - family of 4 worki
ans reducing
means valuevalue
the relative of a of
currency in foreign
the currency fallsexchange Unemployment
against some whichFor
other currency. at e.g.
first instance won't look
if Rs. 70 could like unemployment.
purchase 1$ earlier, afterExample: A busi
devaluation it w
values currency to discourage imports and keep the current Disguisedaccount
Unemployment
deficit in check
means that more people are employed at a place than requ
When more people are employed to do a job that can be done by less number of peop
esreduction
the valueinofthe value of
currency the currency
decreases with respect
resulting t Form
in dollars value of unemployment
getting increases.where the workers skill are not fully utilised to his potential.
se the exports of the country kind of unemployment in which there are people seems to be employed but are actu
It is a type of unemployment where people are visibly employed but are underemplo
value of the currency this is done to prevent cost on It is a situation where an employee is under utilize and not used for production of go
pital into the country, or add money to the country's treasury.A situation when the number of people hired are more than the required number.
e to lower the purchasing power of the company is devDisguised unemployment is the scenario when unemployed people are assumed as
when the government of a country changes the exchang If a work can be carried out by a fixed number of people (say x), yet there have bee
ns the the value of domestic currency falls in terms of fo When many
Disguised people work doing
unemployment is when a job
morewhich doesofnot
number require
people arethat numberinofan
employed people,
activitys
or decreases in value, it is called devaluation of curre For example - If 2 people are employed for a job that requires only one person
xed to another country's currency and can be deliberaDisguised Unemployment means that more than required labour is being employed un
ans reducing the value of currency in the Spot rate c It is a form of unemployment where eligible workforce is idle without any work or if t
ses. It is done by infusing more currency into the market.
ns a dollar, for example, is more expensive to obtain i Let's assume 10 workers put 10 hours to yield revenue worth ₹1,000. A new worker is
currency being used in no longer as valuable as beforWhen people are able and willing to work for wages according to present rate but ar
for a particular
appens when the country
government or the monetary incharge A process where lowers
of the country a labor the
whovalue
is employed for a certain
of the currency job is not
with respect to utilized for producti
other foreign currenc
evaluation of a currency to boost the trade between two Disguised
nations. unemployment
Devaluation improvesis a term given
the when anpower
purchasing individual is one the books an emp
of a nation.
g oil prices means more import amount & businesses in India will incur more expenditure on purchasing of oil.
reduction
wer of the value of a country's money relative to another currency. Governments often devalue a currency of the country to maintain t
of currency.
combat trade deficits. It is a situation where the isn't adequate representation/utilisation of the employed
e value of a domestic currency deliberately. It is don Type of unemployement in which people look employed but are actually unemployed
ns to undervalue your currency delibretely. By doing so the country tries to attract more FDI by offering basic facilities at lower rate than its
ns government is decreasing the Value of national curWhen the workers might or might not have job, but their productivity is low or zero th
BI accounts. This is a kind of unemployment in which more people are engaged in work than requi
ans a country intentionally reducing the importance o People are having jobs but it is not what they want to do and eventually looking to get
ating home
when currency
the value against areduces
of a currency foreign compared
currency. This
to theiWhen more of
currencies people
otherthan required at a particular working place.
nations.
devalues a currency to tackle deflation or continuous fall Disguised
in priceunemployment
of goods and cash is when
flow.certain people show that they are employed but in r
owing in the country, the currency is devalued by the When the employee is willing to work to earn the wages, but there is no work for hi
he situation when the purchasing power of the curre Disguised unemployment is defined as the employment of multiple people in the same
ency in the foreign exchange market is called Devaluation of a currency. Devaluation of currency leads to inflation. The countries where
monetary authority officially lowers the external value labor that is hired for a job that they do not perform
he process in which the central government reduces the external value of the country's currency with respect to other countries. This is us
y value against foreign currency
ns reducing the value of exchange rate of currency in When people are employed but not required to perform a particular work. For example
alue currency in order to promote export in a country, Disguised
because aunemployment
lower valued currency
occurs when
leads people
to cheaper
seemgoods
to befor
employed
another but
country
they which
are notin
e of domestic currency. It is done the currency value i When the residents and available to work on the available wages but not able to find
In order to bring inflation Government increase the reverse repo rate.
pared to international market, done to bring temporaryWhen more people are doing a job that can be done by lesser number of people (Eg.
appens in the case where government regulates the for Disguised Unemployment occurs when one activity involves more people than what is
ers to the mindful depreciation of a currency by the govDisguised unemployment refers to the form of latent unemployment where a worker is
s the rating of a currency in the global context. The S When people are not being paid relative to the work they do, and usually undererpaid
s done to curb imports. India has known to devalue it The best example often taken by critics is the MNREGA, employing more people the a
alue of the currency falls in a fixed exchange rate. Disguised employment, in which there are people who are actually unemployed but on
ey from other banks and provodes them an interest cal people who were initially employed but there was no need for those people. If those
ans that 'number of Y currency we can purchase withEven though the labor is employed officially, its is not utilized at its full capacity.
ns reducing the trade value of a currency in respect t Disguised unemployment means a situation where people are self employing themsel
ns the demand for the currency has decreased. Govern Disguised Unemployment refers to excess number of people working and not able to
ans the depreciation of a currency with respect to ot Disguised unemployment is a situation where the labour employed is more than the a
declines with respect to other currencies, usually m People who are not counted as workers in the first place. For example a family works
ency with respect to a currency of another country. When more number of people are engaged in a job than the actually required number
ne to reduce the value of the currency. The country c Disguise unemployment is scenario which in the population is digitally employed but
currency
ers of one country
to the conscious against
reduction another
in the valuecan fall sign
of the The term
currency. Thisisisused
doneforby aincreasing
situation when a person
the supply is currency.
of the unemployed It isbut is visiblytool
monetary employed.
used by
ncy to make
means that theexports more competitive.
purchasing It is also
power of a foreign done to
currency Disguised
tomaintain unemployment
the desired
the domestic currencyforeign
occurs exchange
when more
increases. rate.people are involved in the work than is re
rrency to attract foreign investors and to get inflow of When cash a person chooses not to be employed
ns decrease in the value of currency which is indicatedEmployed people who actually do not generate sufficient income.
ans the decrease in value of a currency with respect to the foreign exchanges rates. This might be done to stabilise the falling economy of a
ade by the government to it's currency to reduce it's cowhere people are employed but not effectively utilized. More in number for the same
external value of its domestic currency, it is called deIts basically a situation where the workforce of labor is employed or hired in a job bu
result the cash decreases in the market and inflation falls. Reverse repo rate is used to control inflation
ers to lowering the strength of the currency to make Disguised employment refers to the situation wherein an employee is actually employ
ans that the Government decides to intervene and reduce the value of a currency or the purchasing power of a currency as compared to ot
esreduction
to the official reductionrate
in exchange of the
of avalue of a country's
currency vs a dollar. Disguised
It means itunemployment
will require more refers to local
of the the unemployment in whichthe
currency to purchase thedollar.
labour force of a co
o make
plies theirtoexports
having more
pay more attractive
units of one and cheaper.
currency Thisa happens
to acquire
Disguised when more
unit ofUnemployment
another people
currency.
refers tothan actually where
a situation needed theare engaged
number in a work
of people leading
employed
alue their own currency for example China which is heavily Eg- Adependant
family of 6,onworking
it's exports
on the
forsame
revenue.
piece of farm.
g ofThere
ed- the currency
would bebyless
the government
import due toofincreased
its own currenc
priceIt is the
the unemployment
Disguised
for same
unemployment
commodity when
and for
is the a particular
increased
situation work
export
when more
more
due thanprice
topeople
less the employed
are required number
for a commodity of th
to perform
in w
d help in increasing exports of the country For eg- If a piece of land can be irrigated by 5 people but 10 people are employed to
stic currency in the foreign exchange market is high, Disguised unemployment is when too many people are employed for a small job i.e. th
pulling reserves
FOREX down thetocurrency
make it of a country
more by the
expensive governm
in relation dtoisguised
domestic unemployment
currency. is where people seem to be employed but are actually not w
orts and reduce deficit. When more people are working/employed than required, it is called disguised unempl
ans to reduce its exchange value with reference to anThe informal sector which is not a part of the formal system of the economy
f indian currency in terms of dollars. Govt devalues itsIt is the type of unemployment in which more people are working than required. For e
ndirectly
eneurs to influence
produceliquidity
in India&andconsumption
not import across the country
raw materials from other countries
nce people from other countries will find it cheap to buy Disguised
from country
unemployment
with devaluedrefers
currency
to more than the required number of people working
used to control the money supply in the economy. Increasing the Reverse Repo rate would give incentive to the commercial bank to park th
rrency depreciation is the loss in exchange rate of It is a kind of unemployment where people are visibly employed, but in reality they a
aluate a currency if it is going to export large quantitiesDisguised of productunemployment
and get foreign means unemployment
currencies when
in return and thentheconvert
personitwants to work
into their ownand
cure
a deliberate act performed by the central government tDisguised Unemployment is a type of unemployment in which people are not working
xed currency system lowers the value of their currency as compared to the dollar in order to increase exports from the country.
ducing the value of currency per dollar to invite more Appears to be in full employment but maximum utilization of labour does not take pla
m the government may reduce the value of currency co Disguised Unemploment is when people are employed in non producitve acitives or a
he method by which the country try to reduce the val Disguised Unemployment is an Unemployment where people think they are employed
en its
gs thecurrency
reverse against
repo rate is low,iscommercial
foreign banks borrow more, they will keep more money with them, giving less loans, which will decreas
called Devaluation.
show foreign investors the health of the economy better When thanthe people is
it actually who are able to work but not able to at current wage rates.
ns depreciation of a country's currency against others Person is able but not willing to work
ns decreasing its value in relation to other currencies Disguised Unemployment is the phenomenon where the people might seem employe
he country. If the Repo rate is high, the money supply reduces and the inflation in turn reduces.
he lowering of the value with respect to other countrie the type of unemployment where the there is no more requirement ( people who are s
t on it. Both repo rate and Reverse Repo rate are used as tools to adjust the flow of money in the country. If the RBI increases the reverse r
done by government intervention so as to increase expIt is the type of unemployment that involves more than the required number of people
e purposeful decrease in the value of a currency by th When more people are working in a sector than what officially figures show.
ommercial banks. The reverse repo rate is a unit less than
Disguised Unemployment can be defined in which people are capable to work but can
he deliberate downward adjustment of a currency of a country within its exchange rate of another country. Governments sometimes devalu
-export scenario of the country ( to boost the exports)when excess number of people are employed in a particular job than actually require
hange dramatically in respect to say US dollar (i.e ru Here the people are employed but on a pay-scale lower than govt recommended
ns the currency holds no value in economic transactions by the declaration of government.
of a particular currency in comparison with US Dolla It is the lack of employment opportunities in the country for those people who are will
done when the country thinks its foreign exchange valuDisguised Unemployment is type of unemployment by which the employed persons a
ans that the purchasing power of the currency has weakened. This is done to control the money supply in the economy in case of excessiv
ans that the value for the domestic currency has beenWhen the number of workers involved in a work are more than what is required cor th
ns that the country reduces it's value against the dollar. It was done to increase the gain from exports as the lower amount at the receiv
so rise. As a consequence, the difference between the Indian rupee and dollar would also rise which would adversely affect the economy of
ers to the decrease in the value of domestic currency w Disguised Unemployment refers to the condition when people are able to work but are
ns to depreciate the currency or to reduce its value r It is that type of unemployment where people are employed but not gainfully employed
for devaluation to maintain economy supply Unemployment

If the potential ofnot
thevisible directlyare
employees butunder
is present
utilised or gets wasted it is disguised unem
ducing the market value of the currency, so that it b Eg. If 2 employees are enough to do a work on a piece of land, but if 5 farmers are w
ans the fall of the value of the currency with respect Disguised unemployment is when the worker remains employed for only particular sea
values against powerful currencies like US dollar.
ns to decrease the number of dollars which one can buy Disguised unemployment can be explained as an uemployment where the labour is e
when the currency of the country falls in value comparDisguised unemployment is when more people work on the job than required eg: 10 p
when value of a currency reduces with respect to otheDisguised Unemployment is when more people are employed in the work than neede
try's currency in relation with other trading country's Disguised unemployment is a type of unemployment, where people looks like they are
n the country. As the central bank borrows money fromDisguised unemployment occurs when people seem to be employed, however they ar
ers the value of the local currency of a country in relaDisguised employment is a situation where people are employed but do not have pro
the domestic value of the currency and government at time do that to increase competitiveness in export market (like china) and drawn in
s to the Government decreasing the value of the currenc It is the case where the employees of the Company are unable to contribute to the
e fall of currency with respect to some other currency(for example, fall of a rupee in terms of dollar value).
when the government steps in and intentionally reduceDisguised Unemployment is when the employment exists within the economy but can
ate System; When government or monetary authority When of a c there is apparent employment, that is when a factor is employed in some busin
value of currency relative to other currencies. this disguised unemployment is when there are jobs but the person is not willing to work in
ans the reduction in value of the currency by governmen Where people appear to be employed but are actually unemployed ex- more than req
When More than required people are engaged in an employed activity
cal stock of capital
he decrease in the during a period
value of of time.currency with respect to a foreign currency. It is mostly managed by the natural forces of demand
the domestic
rvenes in this process to maintain the balance of foreign Disguised
exchangeunemployment
reserves of theis acountry.
type of unemployment
When their is imbalance
where people
in thewho
foreign
can exchange
be emplo
ns decrease in the value of the currency as compared Disguised
t unemployment means when more
s to the decrease in the exchange ability of the currency with either domestic goods and services or foreign currency. people are working a particular job than
ich has been showing high and positive growth rate leads to increase in the value of their currency in comparison to other currencies. Due
s the process by which the value of the currency is re A figure of unemployment rate that disguise itself as something else
during an accounting period for a particular country It means when a labour is hired to work but is not utilized in the work or service.
e
al result of production
decrease of more
in the foreign currency
exchange which
value decrease
of the When
currency
Disguisedmore
of a people
country are employed
unemployment
in respect refers toon
to other a work than
acountries.
situation required,
where in moreit than
is known as disguise
the required un
numbe
y cheaper to invest for foreign companies and hence increase It is mostthe
common
investment
in rural
andagriculture
outsourcing sector
to thewherein
country.
the whole family is engaged on
en a country deliberately reduces the purchasing powDisguised unemployment is basically the unemployment that goes unnoticed and peo
ns that the value
decreased of currency
its external has value
currency decreased in the gloDisguised
in comparison unemployment is a kind of unemployment where people employed are visib
to foreign countries.
ports. when a employee is not utilized as proper resource as it should be, their status shows
ans that its exchange rate is increasing. This can hapIt is a kind of employment in which more number of people are employed than requir
e of the currency. The government does this to control money supply.
ns decreasing the value of one currency in the market.when there is a need of less number people on a work than the number currently wor
en the government reduces the value of the currency Disguised
d unemployment is when the unemployed is being categorized as employed.
s to when the government takes measures to decrease the value of the currency and no other external factors are into play. The governme
Its the hidden employment most prevalant in India. Like a farmer when include his 4
when a country lowers the purchasing power of its ownDisguisedc unemployment is a situation when more people are employed at a service t
cy of a country decreases with respect to the currencyWhen more people are employed at an organization, than it is required, it is known
downward adjustment of a country's currency value byIt is a type of employment in which human capital is employed only on paper but are
in fixed exchange rate systems where the government It is
deca situation where in the workers seem to be employed, but are actually not and
ns to decrease the value of currency. The governemntDisguisedd unemployment means that it seems the person has a job but in reality he
s down. governments devalue a currency to increase foreign investments in the country as more domestic currency can be bought with th
ashing down the domestic rate against the rates of other Where more people are employed under a project, company than the actual requirem
currency against dollars falls, i.e. more INR needs to pWherein, if there requires 5 people for a job and unnecessarily employs 8 people, the
e in the value of a country's currency. The government uses devaluation of currency: Boost exports in the international market; Decrease in
adjustment of the
ans the fall in country's currency.
value of It is done
one currency withby the gov
respect Disguised
to some otherunemployment is the type
currency. It means withofthe
unemployment whenofit aseems
particular amount given that the people
currency you ar
value a currency because governments also keep a foreign exchange reserve and as such they are able to profit by devaluing a particular c
ry officially lowers the external value of its domestic It is also known as Hidden employment. It is a kind of unemployment in which there
cy to reduce the deficit.

It is an unemployment in which labour deployed in organization is not used to produ
y changing the market value
ns the government allows the home of the currency if it s wherevsthe
to depreciate employee
foreign is employed in producing goods or a service which is not in utilisa
currencies.
urrency to compensate for the losses incurred by it onDisguised account of unemployment
USA hiking tariffs
means on when
Chinese moreproducts
labour is employed in a certain task than
e
herate, when government
government makes sure reduces
that thethe value ofare
products its cheaper
currenWhen
Also and more
called peopleunemployment.
it increases
hidden are
theemployed
exports. to do a task than required. Example: When 5 farme
government debt. This happens when the population seems to be employed but in reality is unemploye
ans deliberately reducing the value of a country's currDisguised unemployment is a kind of unemployment where more people are employe
e voluntary decrease in the value of currency by the GDisguised unemployment occurs when there are more people employed to do a job th
means lowering the value of a currency by the central Disguised Employment means the population segment which does not have the capa
ns decrease in money supply which happens when gover disguised unemployment means people who are employed but are not used to their o
s, in times of excess liquidity can aprk their money with RBI and earn an interest rate. It helps reduce the liquidity in the economy which help
ens when the central bank tries to control its currency rate and keep it fixed by pegging it to a certain other currency.
ensdecrease
providinginmore currencycurrency
the national in the market
value this results
against the in
USrelative
dollar (orweakening of currency
any foreign currency).value. The most important reason is the benefits dur
estic goods cheaper for foreign countries, which increases Disguised
the aggregate
unemployment
demand is of
where
the domestic
people onlyeconomy.
"appear" This
to be
leads
employed.
to increase
Theyinare
total
invo
in which the value of a currency decreases as compare Disguised unemployment is a problem when more than required people area engaged
downward adjustment of the value of a country's mo when labour employed in a job is not used for production of goods and services
ans to deliberately lower prices of the domestic currenc Disguised Unemployment is when a person is visibly employed but is actually not wor
ng the value of the currency with respect to other cur When more people are employed than the required number of people.
f production
he reductionand development
in the value of the currency relative to foreign It is acurrencies.
situation where in actual
The buying thereofisthe
power more unemployment
currency decreases. but since few people are
sts the currency movements to control money supply Itand is aInflation.
situation where people are visibly employed but are actually not employed. It po
s to the measures taken by a government to reduce the value of its country foreign exchange value. A few countries do is to fight trade im
ment of the value of a country's currency. One main reason this is done is to boost exports.
rnment reduces
downward the value
adjustment of value
of the its currency.
of a country's currency When the number
relative of people
to another doing a job is more than the actual number of people req
currency.
y devalues to reduce its deficit because of the strong demand it is a situation
for cheaper
whereexports
people and
are visibly
thus reducing
employed trade
butimbalance
actually unemplyoed that me
Disguised unemployment means showing as unemployed to avail various benifits. Th
taken such measures in the past. We can understand with the help of an example: If in a retail shop there are 5 peop
of currency by the government is known as currency deva When more people areisemloyed
unemployment there butthan whatvisible,
it is not are required for aDisguised
it is called task and Unemployment
it seemingly cre
down the value of money i.e, now more money will be required to buy commodity which was available at less price previously. value in his
ns reducing the value of the currency or its purchasin e.g. A person working as a tutor who charges zero fees, will not add any
oney supply in the market and government want to balance People it out,
working
theyincan
unorganized
use the devaluation.
sector or for which keeping record is not feasible i
ans when the price of a currency weakens with respect Disguised Unemployment is a kind of unemployment when the work of a person is do
adjustment of the value of a country's money relative Disguised unemployment is a kind of unemployment in which there are people who ar
buy dollars. To have an impact on the import and expo Unemployment means when the productivity is same with extra number of employees
rs if the central bank prints more money to improve the short term liquidity and when the country devalues the currency by paying a higher p
ns decreasing the foreign exchange value of the currenWhen the manpower is willing to work and satisfied with the wage that will be provided
Disguised unemployment is when more than required people are working on the same
ans the decrease in the value of the currency againstDisguised Unemployment is a form of unemployment when a person is unemployed w
ans decrease in the value of the currency by its own go
Disguised unemployment is one of the form of unemployment where one isn't employ
payments
he currency value The situation of underemployment is referred to the situation when people are appare
currency. It is done to attract foreign investments. The reason for unemployment is not readily visible. For instance those employed in t
weakening of a country's currency relative to anotherWhen a number of people involved in an activity is greater than the number needed fo
ng the value of a country's money relative to another cDisguised Unemployment refers to a situation where skills of labour that is employed i
when the government intervenes and fixes the price ofDisguised unemployment occurs when more workers are hired or are working than ac
ans the value of the currency decreases. The goverment sometimes devalue their currency when their debt increases, economy not workin
means decrease in value of currency in exchange to beDisguised unemployment is hidden employment. It means more people are employed
weakening of the currency with respect to dominant cuThe unemployment which is taken voluntarily.
cent of the oil is imported. As the prices of oil increas People tend to be employed but actually do not have work to perform, for example ev
ns that a country's currency is less (depreciated) compared to the other countries currency.Example. when a government of a country has to
ans that the purchase power per unit of that currency Disguised Unemployment is when human capital is underutilized but paid for. For exa
ans reduction in the value of a country's currency as When 8 people are working at a job which requires only 3 manpower, that is a form
adjustment of a currency's value deliberately. Governm Disguised unemplyment is a type of unemployment where the labour force who are em
a slow growth rate, it will increase the reverse repo rate and will provide better interest rate to banks. This will further decrease the interes
g from influencing trade practices by luring higher exports
It is adue
form
to of
a fall
unemployment
in currency to
in debt
whichfinancing
the number
objectives.
of workers employed is more than t
ns reduction in value of currency as compared to anoth Disguised unemployment is unemployment which does not show up in the official num
creasing the price of the currency such that more value is offered to the buyer.A countries devalues its currency to increase foreign investm
ers to the process by which the government of a countr Disguised unemployment is a type of unemployment where even though the person is
n reverse repo rate would lead to an increase in the supply of money and decrease in the reverse repo rate would lead to a decrease in the
when an economy reduces the the value of their currency. This is done to make its exports more price competitive in foreign markets.
cpounting period Disguised Unemployment is when people do not have productive full-time employmen
e external value of the currency by the Government. TThis is a form of unemployment where the labor is not contributing to the aggregate o
l value of its domestic currency.
e of currency in the foreign market.
ans depreciating the currency against other major currencies in the world. For example, It takes Rs70 to buy $1 USD but after devaluation
ne in country with floating exchange rates, it allows deWhen there are enough jobs but people are not willing to work at the given work wag
When more than required people are employed to do a certain job, the excess manpo
when
ns thethe government
value reduces
of currency the currency
with respect value.
to Foreign WhenDisguised
Currency, unemployment
universally measuredisinwhen there are
comparison to more
US $ than necessary
decreases. Thatpeople
meansemployed
1 $ wouldfob
alues a currency of the country when it is exporting more Disguised
than importing,
Unemployment
so that is
thethe
other
kindcountry
of Unemployment
would havewhich
to paydoesn't
more money
seem to
forbe
theobv
sa
ns weakening of currency. Disguised unemployement is unemployment even in employment . When a person wh
duce the value of it's currency it is called devaluatio Disguised unemployment is when part of the labor force is either left without work or is
ompanies enjoyed a free pass to other EU member natIt is a type of unemployment wherein there are people who seem to be employed i.e a
epreciation of Rupee. For every $10/BBL increase in oil price, India experiences an increase of Rs.10,000 crore in import bill.
ount deficit in trade.
decrease It is a situation where on paper there are people who are employed but are actually
business. Disguised unemployment is a type of unemployment where the subject is actually ear
ns reducing the value of Indian rupees against the US DisguisedD Unemployment is when too many people are employed on the same field o
xchange rate decrease the value of their currency, thi.
sdownward
to reducingadjustment
the valueofofthe
thevalue of a of
currency country's
a nationmoneyDisguised
relative employment refers to a situation where labour that is employed in a job is n
to others.
country has appreciated to such an extent that its exports Unemployment
seem unattractive
which isn't
relative
captured
to other
in surveys.
countries.
ns making the external value of currency lower as compar Disguised Unemployment is a practice used by businesses to save money and other
ans to weaken the currency. If 75 Indian rupee is need In disguised unemployment, as the name suggests, It is the unemployment under disg
s to decrease in the value of currency as compared toDisguised Unemployment refers to more no. of employees working than required on th
educing
oluntary the value of
reduction in athe
currency.
value ofThis leads to more
the domestic currencyDisguised
relative unemployment is a state where more people are employed to do a job at a
to foreign currencies.
their currency to manage the trade balance as devaluation Disguised unemployment
will lead refers to
to higher exports the case
& lower where people seem to be employed howe
imports.
ans that the government decreases the value of its currency by adjusting it in a downwards trend. By devaluing the currency, the exports ar
ans the govt
decrease decreases
in the currency the value
value of aby
done currency asItwith
the govt. is a situation where
sometimes done tolabour employed
promote foreignfor the job is not
investment. utilized
It leads to its fullest
to increase potential
in price of things
deficit. when multiple people are employed for a work that can be done by lesser people
ation of money to lower the external value of our rupee Disguised unemployment is an employment where people look employed or they are
ans that the value of currency has been decreased and When
i a person is employed but he is working at a position which is far below his qual
eduction of a country's currency which is done by goveIt is the form of unemployment in which more number of people are working than actu
labour employed in a job is not utilised for the production of goods and services
he country. As a monetary policy instrument it is us It occurs when labour workforce is either out of jobs or productivity of the workforce is
al value of the domestic currency with respect to exte This is a state where people are visibly employed but they are actually employed
s to a reduction in buying power of that currency in th a job that is not contributing in income of an individual.
of the country formally lower the external value of its dDisguised unemployment is when a worker is left without work or he is underutilized
ns decreasing the value of our currency with respect to it means employing people more than required currently and can lose the job any time
downward adjustment of the value of a country's money It isrelative
a kind of
to unemployment in which
another currency, group people are visibly
of currencies, employed
or currency but are actually une
standard.
Also known
xchange rate or semi-fixed exchange rate use this monetary policyastool.
hidden unemployment, it refers to a situation where labour that is emp
ample a farmer purchasing a tractor to increase his effiUnemployment done to obtain government grants and benefit.
ans reducing its value in comparison
the value/purchasing power of thetocurrency
other currenciDisguised
has decreased. unemployment
in simpler words, happens
if beforewhen in a job more
devaluation thangot
100USD required
you 10members
apples inare
the wo
in
value so that the exports increases. Classic example is where
Chinaa person is perceived to be employed but is actually unemployed. eg : a lot of
ndollar price of
the value from Rs 70/$ rise
a currency to Rs 75/$ to other currencies
in comparison Disguised
of theunemployment
world. refers to a situation where more people are employed in on
es a currency to promote exports and reduce imports.ItIfisthe thevalue
condition
of theincurrency
which the drops
person
theisgoods
ablr toget
work
cheaper
but unwilling
to buy through
to work.foreign curre
h for India is the Reserve Bank of India. This helps the banks to get interest on the surplus money. The reverse repo rate is generally alway
verse repo rate influences the impact of inflation. When the workers are ready to work, have found a job that pays wages, but there is n
place when its purchasing power becomes lower comWhen a person works without pay, it is known as disguised unemployment. For exam
e deliberate lowering of a currency's value. Government Disguised unemployment is a type of unemployement in which people seem to be em
the value of its own currency in the foreign exchange. This is generally done to increase exports from the country as the buying power of ot
e value of the currency by the government. It is a type of unemployment where it seems that people are working but in reality t
y refers to the decrease in the power of a currency when compared with a foreign currency. Governments voluntarily devalue a currency in o
of a currency wrt to US$. Based on the bretton-woods system
ney mainly done to control trade deficits the actual employers who appear
fixed exchange
creasing the value rates model,
of its devaluation
currency occurs
with respect whenDisguised
to some t
stable umemployment
currency like dollaris a scenario in which the amount of required personnel(Or
rency to restrict the high inflation rates in their country
ans depreciating the value of the countries currency value as compared to other currencies in the world. When the money supply in a cou
currency in order to boost its export. This will make thei Disguised unemployment exists when part of the labor force is either left without work
s to government reducing the value of currency with reference to the other currencies which reduces the money purchasing power of the p
the own country's currency as compared to that of a foreign country, by the government, is called devaluation. For example 1 USD being e
y is the lowering of its strength in comparison to other Disguised unemployment would be a situation in which there is excessive workforce t
ans reducing or bringing down the value of the currenDisguished unemployment is a type of unemployment where a labour or employee is
ns that the value of currency as compared to the US dDisguised Unemployment refers to the situation in which labor that is employed in a
sically depreciate one's currency with respect to oth It is an employment where people are seen as they employed but they are unemploy
downward adjustment of a country's currency value. TThis is when people do not have productive full-time employment but are not counted
wealth/currency into the federal reserves/central reserves. It is a situation when a someone, or a part of the population, is visibly employed, or se
ns reduction in the value of the currency, which could b Unemployment which is not visible but is present is termed as disguised unemployme
ency flow in the market, or when the people
ans that the home currency's value decreases in value have re When unemployed
as compared to thepeople
foreignarecurrency.
not looking for employment because of other benefits p
alue a currency of a country to attract foreign investment Disguised
which helps
unemployment
in increasing
is that
the type
foreign
of employment
reserves of the
where
country
morewhich
than is
required
again benefic
peopl
s generally done to make the exports of the country mor Disguised Unemployment occurs when neither optimum productivity levels or pay are
go up and may lead to a debt. This is why increasing oil prices are bad for a country like India
snswhen the pegging
offically Government downreduces theofprice
the value of its curre
a currency Disguised employment
and weakening it . is mostly seen in the unorganized sector. FOr example. IN farm
ts currency to make investments and exports look more Disguised
attractiveunemployment
. is a situation where the unemployment is not visible and t
ns decreasing the value of currency or the purchasingDisguised

p Unemployment is when a person doesn't have a stable source of income a
cess of decreasing the value of a country's currency in comparison to American dollar. Currency devaluation will be done sometimes to incr
s to increase in domestic prices. Government sometimes -
ocess is termed as capital formation If 10 people are employed for a task of 8, 2 people wouldn't be contributing any valu
is a reduction in the value of a currency. This usuall Disguised Unemployment is when more than the required number of people for a part
investments
ans andown
making our increase the less
currency liquidity Very High
value in terms of dollars. Therate of Unemployment
government does this to increase exports or correct the fiscal balance.
ase exports when more people are employed in one place when the need is not their typically hap
mplies the currency exchange rate is higher for the c Disguised unemployment is when a person gets a job for lower salary/wage than he/s
e of rupee falls in comparison to a foreign currency. I This happens when the employed labour does not contribute to the production of goo
s a situation where we need to pay higher amount of our currency for the procurement of a superior currency. This might be done to escalat
to control inflation by controlling money supply in the economy.
y with with
rrency respect to value
lower other foreign currencies
( More currency by the per
needed goverWhenwill
dollar) more
seepeople
a boostare
in employed for a piece
exports because of workofthat
the prices the can be done
exported by employing
commodities in intl
improve in trade due to better exports causes an improvement in the trade deficit of the country
efers to the purposeful depreciating of its own curre When there are more people employed in a particular job than required, then it leads
More than required workers are employed on a task making some people redundant.
ns for the same amount of money you will receive less goods or services in return.
scountries
in the price
haveof devalued
the currency theirthereby
currencymaking the curwith
(Zimbabwe It is100
an um employment
trillion dollar note). situation where people are appear to be employed but actuall
urrency of its own country at times for multiple reasons, It as
is the
a direct
situation
resultin for
which
its total
mostnet-worth
of the population
or to increase
is engaged
Foreignin investments.
unregulated working s
Disguised unemployment occurs when part of the labour force is either left without job
ulation during accounting period for a particular countIt is a kind
When the workof unemployment
that an employee in which theredoes
or labor are people who are
is redundant, visibly
then it is employed
known an butDisga
if there is a trade imbalance. For example, devaluing aBasically currencyareducescase where the cost
the output
of exports
or efficiency
and increases
of a process
the costdoes
of imports
not reduce
whichif will
the lea
"di
ans a downward adjustment of a country's currency. ItIt is a type of unemployment where more people will seem to be employed than ther
value of a country's currency when compared to otherType c of employment in which are visibly employed but they are actually unemployed.
m. When there is an increase in reserve repo rate, bank Disguised Unemployment exists when the workforce is doing extremely low productivi
alue of their currency with respect to another country'sWhen more people are engaged in a work then required, that situation is called Disg
deficits by reducing the cost of country export costs s It can be where skills of a labour force are not utilized to full extent or labour employ
stic operations
ns evaluating and assigning new value according to the international exchange to the currency. When a currency fails and it seems to be im
ing the value of domestic currency by the government. It is a form of hidden unemployment where more people are employed than actually r
the government voluntarily reduces the value of its currency(with respect to foreign currencies). This is done to sometimes increase tra
the value of the currency with respect to foreign curren Disguised Unemployment is when people don't join the labor force since they are una
ncy by the government is called devaluation of a curr Showing an incorrect unemployment rate to the public
ans when the value of domestic currency goes down with respect to the foreign currency.This devaluation is done by the government order
he process
when in whichcurrency
the country's the international
decreases value to currency
in value whentocompared
with respect international to US dollar is reduced
Dollar.
y dependent on their exports tend to devalue their currencies People who to keep are their
visibleproducts
employed cheaper
but might
in the
beinternational
actually unemployed.
market. The Chinese Gove
s to when the amount required to buy 1 Dollar has incr Disguised unemployment is when a person is not a full time employee. He is on and o
external value of the domestic currency it is called asDisguised Unemployment occurs when additional workers or surplus labour work on s
eregulated
value of the currency
fall in the valueof one
of thecountry relative
domestic to anowith
currency Thisrespect
is the situation
to foreignwhere people are not accounted as unemployed but do not have
currency.
ation of home currency to increase the trade with otherWhen countries,
thereie. areincrease
more people
exports engaged
to otherincountries,
a particularthus
jobincreasing
than are actually
foreign required
currency tore
en the purchasing
countries currency. power of the currency is valued down.
-
s are profitable for trade. When the skills of the workforce are not utilised completely that scenario is known
increased it can decrease the money supply. Disguised Unemployment is when a person is employed but is not accounted for as p
ely reduces the value of the domestic currency,it is called A type devaluation.
of unemployment It is done in order
where more topeople
gain competitive
are working export
on a advantage
piece of work over otherwo
which
intentional measure taken by the government of a coun Example: It is quite a common practice in farmlands of India where the entire family o
decreasing the value of the country's currency in the market.
Unnecessary
When or overis employment
an individual said to be employed but has a meagre salary i.e. he or she is un
ndia in debt which is okay to a certain for a developingAs c on the face of it they seemed to be employed but in real world that employment do
country's own currency as compared to the foreign c It is a situation where more number of people are employed than required.
d refer to : taking example of the current scenario its Disguised unemployment is when a person is employed for work worth 'x' but is show
other countries A situation where more number of people are employed than required. Say a factory n
sreases
to whenso the
much Fair value
that of the currency
it accedes decreases
the interest rate. As a Itresult
is where
of whichpeople are working
people tend to keepbut they show
money as themselves.
with if they are unemployed.
check on inflation that it should be in a prescribed limit, Disguised
neither too unemployment
high to create is this
employing
problemmore people
nor too low than needed
that there in a
is no job. So forfor
competition emp th
Disguised unemployment is when part of the labours are either witn no work or is work
sically the lowering of the external value of the dom people are visibly employment but actually are not
ers to reducing
adjustment of athe value ofcurrency
country's the domestic
value currency with respect
by the Government ofto thethe foreign currency. Sometimes, when the government feels that the curr
country.
rrency because it can help reduce the cost of a country's It is exports
the situationand hence
wherekeeppeople its who
exports
are competitive.
visibly employed are actually unemployed
change rate in comparison to other country's currency. Unemployment which can not be measured due to various circumtances.
ally reduces the value of its currency as compared to other currencies. This is done sometimes to boost foreign direct investment
n decreasing the value of money. It is done to bring down the prices that are raised due to inflation.
ppens when a country follows a fixed exchange rate sys Disguised Unemployment occurs when an individual gets a job or is employed in an a
he process of reducing the value of its currency by t Disguised Unemployment is the scenario in which more people are working in the info
f foreign products, the reserves of Foreign currency is depleted and givernment had to buy currency which leads to devaluation
he deliberate
ntry would notlowering
let the trueof the
valuevalue of the
of the currency
currency b DisguisedinUnemployment
be represented the market andishence when would
the individual is employed
try to control butofthe
the value reason
their for this
currency withem
devalue their currency so as to compete in the international Wheremarkets
an individual
as then is not
the registered
price of theirwith
commodity
the government
will be less
as a than
workingthe employee
others compe but
n a currency with respect to other currencies . Gov Disguised Unemployment is a situation where people who are visibly employed are ac
a currency requires more of that currency to purchaseDisguised Employment is not true unemployment.
ns lowering the nominal value of the currency relative to the current value. Governments sometimes devalue a currency of the country to lo
en the value of one currency with respect to another iUnemployment that does not actually come up but is disguised by a high level of ot
of a country's currency against currency of other cur When people seem to be employed but are actually unemployed. Example - people d
ers
f thetocurrency
the decrease in the value
of a country withinofaafixed
currency with
rate of r When
exchange is aknown
person asisdevaluation
actually employed but doesn't
of currency. really
It is done add any value
deliberately to the
to adjust theorganizat
country's
smetimes doneinby
to decrease the government
value of the country
of domestic currency to counter
with respectThistoisatrade
aforeign
situation
imbalance,
in which
currency.boostmore
exports,
peoplereduce
are engaged
deficits,or
orassigned
reduce debt
to abrudens.
task than requir
ncy to control
en the increase
value of in exports
a currency which ultimately
is decreased creates
but it is not Disguised
due toathetrade Unemployment
theimbalance. Hence,
market forces isbut
a state
to attain
due of the
to hidden
a betteremployment
balance
government of wherein
payments,
deciding on it.more
currencies
people are
aree
s devalue their currency if it is increasing too much because of the market demand and supply which might increase inflation a lot. some co
ers to deliberate depreciation in the domestic curren Disguised unemployment refers to that phenomenon when a particular work is perform
ans that the same amount of currency will be able to Disguised unemployment is a way through which a person shows himself as unemplo
n comparison to other currencies. This can be done to encourage exports and discourage imports.
g value of country's own currency. It helps exporters When more people than required are employed in a job, leads to disguised unemplo
ducing the value of one's own currency as compared to A situation where people seemed to be unemplyed but aren't adding any value by be
es the value of its currency on its own it is called the dev Disguised Unemployment is a type of employment which exists but cannot be clearly
of capital during a period of time.

It is a situation in which a person looks employed, however, he is not. This kind of une
certain notes of the currency are made illegal and non-functional and in it's place, new notes of the same of different demonition are launc
ountry's currency with respect to that of other countries. It is done to bring changes to exchange rates.
educing the flexible exchange rates of the currency b In disguised unemployment the person is ready to offer his services but is unable to
en a government reduces the relative value of its cur Disguised unemployment refers to the situation where more people are employed tha
s money
ns fromincommercial
decrease the value ofbanks. It can
Currency be usedtotothe
in respect coDisguised unemployment
value of foreign currency is the type of unemployment in which people seems emplo
people have to less to spend and economy is having a liquidity crunch, Government increases the price so that people do not invest in fore
y these banks hence, helps them in improving their performance and economy.
ppens when the monetary value of the currency is decrDisguised Unemployment refers to the situation in which the people are working but a
ans that the currency of a country falls with respect toIt is a kind of unemployment in which more than required people are there who are wi
en the actual/real value of money is decreased. So i Unemployment is when the people of the nation have a high demand for income gene
ency with respect to the standard currency, which is Disguised Unemployment results due to unregistered or unorganized jobs to the popu
It refers to the fact that the employed labour is not used to their capacity, leading to
ency. To balance the trade ie import and export government devalue a currency sometimes.
urrency as compared to some other currency, usually A scenario where more people are employed in a project than is actually required. T
ns to deliberately decrease the country'c currency value A is
It type of employment
a from of employmentwhere it seems
where therethat
are people
workersare whoemployed but are
are providing actually
their unem
services b
the money from the commercial banks Eg:- A daily wage worker's family and relatives working for the person
elps in exports
A reduces by as
halfother countries
to country can getparibus.
B, ceritus more goods When
at the asame
personvalue
is employed
of their currency.
on a part Ontime
thebasis
it's bad
butfor
is imports
consideredas you
to behave
employed.
to shell ou
timesthis.
does taken to change the direction of trade imbalances.
ers) compete with manufacturers of other countries, IfWhen the value
the required
of their currency
number falls
of workers
with respect
for an to
organisation
dollars, thenis they
"x" but
would
the organisation
be able to sup
country's currency. This is helpful for exports of the country
the domestic
efers currency.
to a situation It may beisunemployment
wherein the value of the domestic currency or underemployment
reduced in its value against the foreignwherein the skills
currency by theof government.
a labour force are
vernment to make the domestic country an attractive Disguised
option for investment
unemployment and refers
bring intoforeign
a situation
capital.
in which
Moreover,
the number
if a country
of people
follows
working
mana
we mean the decision to lower the value of the currenc Disguised unemployment/Hidden unemployment is a situation in which people seem t
ers to the fall in value of the domestic currency with Disguised Unemployment refers to the state of events where a person from the workin
en there is increase of cash flow in the market by pr In such situation more people are engaged than required. From outside it may look l
rs under fixed exchange rate system. It involves delib Disguised Unemployment occurs where more people are employed in a work than are
deliberately
es which
the value of may resultcurrency
the domestic in decreased expenses
with respect T
ohis
to the is the currency,
foreign kind of unemployment
it is known aswhere the skills
Devaluation of the working labor are not used up
of currency.
investment, Government sometimes devalues the currency Under because
this, although
it will the
make
individuals
cheaper are
for the
employed,
foreign but
investors
they are
to invest
not adding
in thetohost
the econ
pro
p in value of a currency with respect to a foreign curr Disguised unemployment is when a person appears to be employed but does not rece
More people are unemployed than the actual statistics show
ns
ry downward
authority ofadjustment of current
a country officially country's
lowers currency.
the external For of
value example : Suppose
its domestic if Rs(in
currency 65( Indian of
respect Rupees)
all otherisforeign
equal to $1 (US dollar)
currency) it is and now
ncy. It takes place by government order under fixed exchangeDisguised rate
unemployment
system. Governmentis a situation
sometimes
where labor
devaluethatthe
is employed
currency toinincrease
a job is not
expor
ac
ans that the currency is being depreciated in respect to other international currencies.
downward adjustment of a country's currency value. GIt refers to a situation in which there are people who are visibly employed, but actually
value of a country's currency with respect to anot This is a type of unemployment in which the number of people employed for a particu
adjustment of a country's currency value by the govt to

when more number of people are employed then the requirement
ers to the reduction in the value of the currency with Disguised unemployment is a form of unemployment in which people who are in the w
ns the total amount of money increases is more than the backed securities of the govt. government usually devalue a currency in order to in
s to the decrease in the value of domestic currency wiWhen there is growth in national output and economic variables but decrease or stagn
s to the intentional decrease in the value of that cu This type of unemployment refers to the under-utilization of the labour/employee for th
ans to suddenly reducing the value of its currency withIt refers to the people who are employed for some parts of the day
decreases the value of currency it is known as devaluati Disguised unemployment means that a person is visible to be employed but in reality
ensofficial lowering
to reduce of the value
its currency's of a country's
efficacy currenc
in the world market.It Like,
is when people
china was do not have
blamed that productive
it devalued full-time employment,
its currency but are
so that other not counted
countries in
could co
rency to attract investors and increase trade capacity.
pens when the government officially lowers the value Disguised
o unemployment, also called hidden unemployment, is a condition where peo
cy value by the government against the foreign currenc It refers to the over employment in an activity where the human capital requirement is
Disguisedtounemployment
devalue the currency to curb the illegal storing of the currency, keep a hold onrefers
blacktomoney,
the situation in funding
terrorist which the people
and appear to be em
fake currency.
all of the value of a particular currency with respec It is when the new people are gaining employment, when at the same time equal if no
ns the decreased value of the domestic currency as coDisguised unemployment is a situation where the manpower employed is more than t
ing of the currency of the country by the central bank.When somebody has is working and hence considers himself employed but in reality
Monetary tool to boost trade. Unorganised sector unemployment
ns that the value of our home currency depreciates with Disguised Unemployment is not reflected in front of government but it exist. It mainly
ans
statethe
or fall in the
pivate valueIt of
banks. is aalways
currency. Sometimes
lesser count
than the repoWhen someone
rate i.e. the rateseems to becharged
of interest employed by but
banksthattoistheir
not the
endjob he is willing to do.
consumer.
Disguised Unemployment is a type of unemployment where you might earn wages bu
ans the downward adjustment of the value of a country' It refers to the the proportion of population which is actually employed but in a place
e currency of a country to increase the net exports of It themeans when more people are employed than needed.
country.
omestic goods become cheaper for the international market A condition
and therefore
wherein although
the demand a person
for themareincreases
employedwhich but atleads
a place
to an
where
increase
there in
are
the
e country. Also as most of the oil is being imported thePeople who do not have a full time job and are not counted as unemployed
defined as reduction in purchasing power of a currencyDisguised unemployment is defined when more than required number of people are w
en a country reduces its value on a global front with When the people choose stayed unemployed when job opportunities are present.The
increase in oil prices affects India a lot due to its scale.
It is a situation in which people are visibly employed but output wise are unemployed.
value a currency of the country to combact a trade imbalance. Most common
A country
example
that devalues
is in farming
its currency
activitiescan
wherereduce
moreitspeople
deficit because
are working
of the
on stro
as
ry lowers
ers the value
to reduction of its of
in value domestic currency
one currency (in respectDisguised
in comparison to another unemployment
(usually USD is the type
since it is aofstandard
requirement where in more people are working
for comparison).
o their economy and devalue their currency. This happens Disguised
to foster
Unemployment
trade and spending.
refers to people being unemployed but not being accounted
rrency with respect to others' When someone is employed but not to his/her full potential.
n accounting period for a particular country. It means that labor that is employed in a job is not actually utilized for the production o
educing the value of the country's currency. This is d Disguised Unemployment is when people seem to be employed but are not employed
r of the people and ultimately push one towards recession
ng an accounting tenure for a particular country. It refers to additions on capital goods, such as equipment, tools, transportation assets, and
tic currency is reduced by the government under fore Disguised Unemployment is a state where more people are working and less are reuir
esser than usual, Governments sometimes do devaluat This type of unemployment is hidden like when people are visibly employed but actua
exchange rate system. It is used by countries to weaDisguised unemployment refers to a type of unemployment in which more than neces
eans when the government officially decreases the ext disuised unemployement occurs when a pseudo level of unemployement is created
ellscurrency
in relation to the
in the pricesworld
outside of thegoes
other global
down thecurrenc Whenintervenes
government the personandis able to workthe
decreases butvalue
not according to his competence.
of the currency in the domestic market. This
takes this step is to reduce the amount of imports, byThere decreasing
are certain
the value
workers
of thewho
currency
are both they
able
would
and end
willing
up to
making
do their
thework
imports
but due
expensiv
to the
s to a scenario when the government of a particular cou Disguised unemployment is not literally a type of unemployment. It is a scenario when
s used when the price of our currency is higher with r Disguised Unemployment means doing a work which is not providing sufficient rewar
loosing the position wrt to other country's currency (PaIn this people appear to be employed but are unemplyed. Here more people are enga
g down the value of currency by the government and itDisguised
don unemployment refers to where the real figure of unemployed people are no
ers to bringing down the value of the currency by prin When the number of people working in a sector is more than the number required, it
country's currency value. It helps to reduce the cost oPeople are shown to be employed but are actually unemployed
when the government reduces the value of the home currency with respect to all the other currencies. This can be done to increase the expo
reases the external value of its internal currency on pWhen the number of members employed for a job is more than required numbers, it is
ency of the country because devaluation leads to fell inDisguised unemployment is the type of employment in which a person seems to be em
ans a fall in the value of the currency which is delibe When there are more than the required number of people employed in a job then it
ganisation as the result of several functions and transDisguised Unemployment is the employment where it looks like the individual is emplo
When more people are working on a something than required. Example: 2 family mem
ry authority of a country officially lowers the external va
Disguised unemployment is when part of the labor force is without work or is working
urrency, to increase the trade with foreign and so to dWhen more people are working on a project/work than the required number , this typ
People who are not employed in any form job or service but show themselves to be
ority of the company officialy lowers the external valueDisguised
o unemployment is a kind of unemployment when unemployed people are re
e fall in the currency compared to other currencies. Disguised unemployment is a kind of unemployment in which there are people who ar
ry authority of a country officially Disguised unemployment is a situation where labour that is employed in a job is not a
employment which does not bring about any productivity from the work done.
ts domestic currency it is called devaluation of a currency.
Disguised unemployment is when labor which is employed for the job is not actually u
country's currency value. It is a deliberate process form
It is a job where skills of an employee are underutilized or not utilized completely in
te
ry regulatory authority of a country lowers the externalLabor
being high can disincentivize banks to take loan valuethat is domestic
of its actually employed but isall
currency w.r.t. leftthe
without
other work is called
foreign Disguised
currency Unemploy
it is called devaluat
bring the prices at euilibrium. Disguised Unemployment is the type of unemployment where more number of people
ns to reduce the value of the rupee in the market. Now for same amount of money as before, products received will be less.
ry's currency as compared to US Dollar,Government de When an employee is an ineffective resource to the institute that he is working for.
ans reduction in the value of currency with compared Disguised Unemployment is a form of visible employment. It means that some people
ticular country. Disguised unemployment is a kind of unemployment in which there are people who ar
currency due to excess currency in circulation is c Disguised unemployment is when a person is qualified and educated and still not able
during an accounting period. It is type of employment in which people are visible to be employed but they are actua
to control liquidity and inflation in the economy. Under the Reverse Repo Rate, banks deposit excess funds with the RBI and earn interest
alue of currency with respect to other world currencie When the same output can be obtained by a few units of labour, but more units of lab
ans decreasing the value of currency and it is practised in economies where there is fixed money economy, unlike India where money valu
es its own currency relative to another country's curr Unemployment caused by other factors such as foreign market instability, the ong
value of its domestic currency to fix the exchange rate system
s to that
ans lowerit the value
loses of theincountrys
its value currency.
comparison Tocurrencies.
to other increase money
For exflow in tehgoes
- if INR economy.
from Rs60 per dollar to Rs70 per dollar, it means that INR
alue a currency because it helps in boosting exports. SupposeDisguiseda Unemployment
foreign customer refers
can to
buya items
state in which
worth more
Rs70 people
per dollar are doing previously
whereas a job than
rnment lowers the value Disguised unemployment is a kind of
unemployment in which there are people
s fall in our currency value in comparison to other counWhen more people than required are engaged in a work, disguised unemployment ari
who are visibly employed but are actually
is lowered in the external markets ie in comparison toWhen the number
unemployed. of employees
This situation hired
is also knownby a company is more than the number of emp
as 'hidden unemployment'. In such a
situation more people are engaged in a
work than required.
The skills of labor are under utilized
People who seemed to be employed but

2 are actually unemployed.
2a
Disguised unemployment is when there
are too many people to fill for to less job
vacancies and hence the working people
Disguised Employment
are either left without any refers
worktoorahave to
situation
work in redundant manner and work
where an employee's
doesn't contribute
productivity is zero.significantly to the
organization. It is a a practice
Disguised Unemployment where in for
is basically
a requirement ofwhich
unemployment a certain
is notnumber
visible of
More no. of apeople
individuals, doing the
significantly morejobnumber
than
2 directly.
required
of
These are the people who were
employees are working. For still
example -
working in informal sector and
task A requires manpower of 5
accepted direct cash as their salaries. individuals
but 15 are working on it, leading
Many people like maids, daily wage to
disguised employement.
workers. When these people lose job, it is
not recorded in the unemployment rate
as they did not have their records with
2 the government
It is used to refer to a portion of labor
force that is involved in redundant work.
E.g. when productivity is low and too
many workers are filling too few jobs.
Type of unemployment where people are

visibly employed but are actually
unemployed
Disguised unemployment is a scenario

wherein more people are working on a
task than required. Thus, while all the
This
peopleis "hidden unemployment"
on the task wherein
may seem employed,
more people than what the actual market
the value addition is being done only by
2 statistics depict are unemployed.
the number of people actually required on
the task. The rest of the people on the
task are actually under "disguised
2 unemployment".
ses in the international market.

sometime to promote exports and trade balance where there are more unemployemnt but it doesnt look like,
stocks, inventory etc. Disguised unemployment is the hidden unemployment. For eg, if a combined family o
en the country adjust its currency in downward with rewhen more ppl are put to work than required. i.e they are visibly employed but are act
Labour in a job is not utilised to manufacture products.
Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where more number of people than requ
ans the value of the currency has decreased. It meansFor example, in case of farming, we see that more number of people are employed o
Disguised unemployment is where certain people seem employed but actually are not
a situation in which the govt of a country decreases Disguised unemployment is a situation when extra people are involved in a task, that
urrency from the global market perspective It is a situation wherein,workers dont really work full time but are neither involved
It is a hidden unemployment. When more than required people are employed.
How does growth in population impacts Economic develop
It creates an increase for demand and thus to create equilibrium supply has to be inc
g done but shown as if work is being done More people means more production and expenditure and therefore economic growt
particular job than the requirement, it is called disguis If population grows at a faster rate with respect to the economy
asically when it seems that the person is employed when
It affects all sectors mostly negative like per capita consumption
name suggest, is where a person SEEMS to be employed

Growth in Population has both pros and cons on the economic D
alue their currency to increase the competitiveness of thGrowth in population without a corresponding increase in the GDP leads to a reducti
s to the concept where in people do have jobs but do not
Growth in population means that the existing resources that are
ople seem to be employed but are actually unemployed.
As per capita population increases, there is more demands for fo
hen the capacity of an individual is not utilized at wor More population leads to more requirement of resources but also
in which a person choose to be unemployed Growth in population should ideally increase consumption, which
e this to control deflation. Increasing population strains economic resources causing lowe
less resources
Growth/ Changeforinmore peoplewould
population , unemployment, poverty
lead to a change in demographic and demand t
rs to a scenario wherein there appears to be employment
Anopincrease in employable age would lead to rising rates of unemployment (or falling
workers are not utilised at its full capacity Per capita income increases i.e expenditure increases for same
mes do it to increase foreign investments in country. higher population means need of higher employment and resources
g than the actual requirement, it is known as disguised unemployment. For eg - For a certain, if there are just 4 people required to complete
er countries, making imports expensive and exports c Growth in population impacts the economic development in two way
paid for but have no work or very trivial work. Growth in population puts more youths in the society affecting
is neither required to do the work nor is appropriately Everything remaining constant if population rises per capita incom
ed for a work than required the per capita income reduces ( if population growth >growth in n
s to a situation when an organisation does not utilize the
A growthininpopulation
Growth populationleads
has serious impacts
to increased on thewhile
demand, economic dev might not increase
the supply
eep their money with the RBI and reducing cash in the m Also, this can also lead to unemployment which further impacts economic developm
situation when the number of people employer are more Growth in population puts strain on the availability of the exis
1. Uncontrolled Growth in population leads to increase in unemployment and poverty
here peopl are only visibly employed but actually th Population growth
2. Resources startresults in threat
becoming to unemployment and pover
scarce
y workers are filling too less jobs and are getting paid l 3. increased poverty would put a burden on welfare schemes
b butpeople
hich not contributing for the
are physically production
employed butofactually
goods unemployed.
and As population increases,
it is also known asper capitaunemployment.
hidden available income declines.
This happens when a store
ople to run but has 7 people working in it. Growth in population impacts economic development because a th
hen more number of people perform a task, which can easi
A higheronpopulation
Impact demands
employment. higher
Less jobs resources,
available for awhich
large is difficultof people.
number
employed but appears to be employed Less resources available for a large number of people
hen there are people who are "seemingly unemployed"Growth
bu in the population causes a steeper growth in the demand for staples which m
where the labour employed is not working to full capa As population grows, it gets more and more difficult to maintai
oerate.
workers
For are
ex, ifemployed
the repo than actually
rate is required
4.5%, then for the
reverse Growth
repo in population
rate would be 4.5% has
- 1%negative
= 3.5% impact on economic developm
o rate. This money would now be with central bank and1.it Unemployment-
shows the how strong
When the
the central bankofis.a This
population is how
country reverseand
increases repo rate acts
if there as a
no growth
ype of employment where an able bodied individual who
2. Standard of Living- If the growth in population is seen in the poorer sections of the
With the growth in population, there will be resource crunch and

rs to section of society that is currently employed but ha
With an increase in population the resources are divided by a g
job than the job needs, there is disguised unemployment.
increase in population means that the country can harness this
Growth in population has a deep impact on the Economic Development:
1. Limited resources: Because of limited resources, it is very difficult for the governm
2. A lot of burden is created on the limited resources since demand is greater than s
e country report shows the population percentage with As
e3. Also,
employment is necessary
higher population forhas
also every
an individual, it is percentage
impact on the with emp of people under po
situation wherein although the number of people employed
4. Job creation and unemployment all are effected.
work but not getting suitable opportunities then this Larger population means more requirements for households ther
not actually utilised to its full capacity in production of the goods.
hich people are visibly employed but actually unemployGrowth in population means a country will utilize more resources
oyment,
orking onit aisplot
a situation when
of land that people are
essentially employed
requires onlyvisibly
Growth
2 farmers in population
1. Population
order
andtoits will
runresult in the(demographic
becharacteristics
efficiently, same the
hence resources being
be req
restdividend)
8 will facing
help indisguised
assessingunemp
the ec
te output or GDP per se, but leads to low productivity and 2. Malthusian
a dip in pertheory
capita states
incomethat the growth of the population is exponential when co
ment sometimes devalues currency to adjust it with th If the growth rate of the population is greater than the growth ra
pens when the people are apparently employed in a place Growth in population can lead to increase in national income bu
people are shown as employed according to actual statistics but may be unemployed in reality. For e.g: Farmer of sea
cy. Sometimes government intentionally devalue the cuIf the population grows but GDP doesn't rise, the per capita in
sibly employed but their is not value addition due to The growth inrequirements
3. Financial population have 2 effects
per person in on the economy.
a family increasesFirst
withothe increase in the p
is done by the government to promote the sale of its 4. On a positive note, the increase in population paves way for infrastructure develo
here people are visibly unemployed inspite of actually Growth in population puts added stress on the existing resour
ngaged in a particular job than required to perform it eGrowth in population can have both positive and negative impact
situation where the labour force employed is not utilisedA growth in population leads to more pressure on the resources a
hen the people who are willing to work at a prevailing pEconomic development includes improving standard of living, hig
r the value of other companies goes down.
situation where an individual is actually unemployed b Growth

2. Keepingin population impacts
a stable per capitaEconomic development
income will become anas when
issue popu
with growth of populatio
so called as below standard employment . In this situat 3. Growth in population effects employment rate as there is limited number of jobs
Growth in population puts strain on the Economy in general. Yes, we get another set
m where only two or three were needed. Unmanaged population explosion, like the kinds of which we saw in our country arou
s to a type of unemployment of a person who doesn't act Growth directly impacts the Economic Development of a country.
hen there are more number of people doing a job than Yes re the growth of population does impact economic development b
kind of unemployment in which there are people who arIf population increases, per-capita income decreases, thereby r
untry so as to keep in check the rising prices
e type unemployment in which there are many workersIfwith the growth in population is at very high suddenly, it may cau
s people have been employed , however they donot hav Economic growth can be achieved when rate of increase in output
g a job than is required, it is called disguised unemploygrowth in population at a rate that is higher than growth of nat
hen productivity is lower and more worker are ready to Growth in population means additional pressure on government. A
re the people appear employed but are actually unemployed. This happens when more people are doing a work than required.
type of unemployment where a company takes in more number of employees than required. These are not necessarily pr
urs when an more people than are required are employed for a job. For eg. when 4 farmers work on rotational basis on a
hen more people are employed in a job than needed. High Growth in population
growth results
in population in more
leads work
to less force and more need of
resources.
s this to fix the balance of trade Less income
1.Growth leading toisless
in population standard
directly of livingtoleading
proportional to less labour
the available GNP hours.
cular job are more than required. 2. It is indirectly proptional to the GDP per capita since the same resources are divid
hen the unemployment is not directly from lack of availabili
There are always fewer hands to feed than mouths that are hungr
parent and cannot be seen prima facia, its is disguisedThe resources available in an economy are limited. Hence, a gr
ype of unemployment in which the the concerned person As resources
i are limited, growth in population leads to a decreased per capita availa
unemployed people are not motivated enough to look for further employment opportunities.
elves with jobs/works that don't require any more emplo Growth
1) in population
Currently the majorwill result in of
population anIndia
increase
is in in
thedemand,
workingdecr
age, so this can add to inc
done by the government. This means that the products 2) o Increase in populational also leads to icrease in poverty and increase in the gap b
b can be done by 2 people, and 10 are engaged in it, theIt reduces the per capita income of the people. If the GDP grows
hen on the face of it, people are working and have jobsGrowth in population leads to more expenditure from househol
which the people appear to be employed but in reality With the increase in population the per capita income of people
10 people are employed but the requirement for compl Growth in population
3) Competition can bring down the Per Capita GDP becaus
for resources
here the skills of the labor force are not used to its 4) Lack of effective utilization of resources like food, water, health care etc causing i
at kind of unemployment in which there are people whoAs l population increases, per capita income declines. People are
s to the situation in which there are more workers emp-
hen more number of people are employed on a job thanGrowth in population reduces the GDP of the country inturn con
orm of unemployment wherein the individuals are observ
Growth in population leads to increase in demand and consumptio
n required such that not much value addition is being doMore

A workplace
growth to helpleads
in population in thetogrowth of the
increase economy. of resources thereby having
in consumption
scenario where the number of workers working are more It also impacts in a positive way as it leads to increase in manpower thereby genera
hen there aren't jobs available in the country as comparPopulation can be a boon or a bane. In countries where there is
sometimes devalue a currency to leverage the trade ben Growth in population hampers the economic development as it is
mething where it is not visible that unemployment is pres
Growth in population if is less than the growth rate would redu
orker because a job does not use the worker's skills, inGrowth in population means there will be more hands and minds t
be defined as a situation where a person appears to be Growth
em in population increases the burden on the country's resources. It also leads t
hereas the people working are more than people required Population add value to the demographic dividend of the country
Growth
Increase in in
population increases
population the purchasing
puts pressure power of
on Government to country
provide and thatbasic
for the helps with i
infrastr
However, this can also act as increased workforce which can help in increasing the
rs to a setup where more an enough individuals are employPopulation
> Reduces growth impacts
per capita incometheand
economic development in many ways.
lesser benefits
ng to work are not utilized to their full capacity it is > If the population is used as an advantage instead of a burden and proper developm
s to a kind of unemployment wherein the labor is not utiIncrease in population leads to a decrease in per capita income if it not met by simila
hen a person is not getting enough wages for the work Growth
h in population may have positive affect on the economy a
wherein more people are employed to do the work thaGrowth in the population can impact economic development negativ
ed to do a job than are required. eg - family of 4 worki it increases the workforce and there are more mouths to feed
stance won't look like unemployment. Example: A busin More population means more scarcity of resources hence, economi
ns that more people are employed at a place than require Population growth can improve economic development for consumer driven econom
yed to do a job that can be done by less number of people Growth in population to a certain extent is beneficial for the economy as in increases
the workers skill are not fully utilised to his potential. If2)the GDP increases
Investment along is
requirement with the growth of population, then t
high
h there are people seems to be employed but are actu 3) Inflation is high
here people are visibly employed but are underemplo With more growth
Population growth in population
puts there ison
more pressure more
the demand
resources and
of les
a country. Countries like I
oyee is under utilize and not used for production of go On the positive size it creates the economy of scale
f people hired are more than the required number.
e scenario when unemployed people are assumed as Growth in population leads to more employment which impacts
a fixed number of people (say x), yet there have bee Economic development activities are planned and executed keeping in mind the gen
g
hen a job which
more doesofnot
number require
people arethat numberinofan
employed people, sItthan
activity can that
havethe
both positive
activity and negative effect. A large populatio
requires
employed for a job that requires only one person As population grows, there is achance that the working population also grows which
ns that more than required labour is being employed unint A change in population could mean larger labour force and hou
where eligible workforce is idle without any work or if t Growth in Population will lead to fall in per capita income. Dema
Growth in population leads to consumption of resources and also
0 hours to yield revenue worth ₹1,000. A new worker isgrowth in population leads to an increase in the demand for goods
ing to work for wages according to present rate but ar Growth have a hugeon
- More expenditure impact on Economic development, It dilutes
consumption
s employed for a certain job is not utilized for producti - Fall in already low savings
erm given when an individual is one the books an emplo Growth in population means now people are going to demand more of the same prod
ture on purchasing of oil.
ts often devalue a currency of the country to maintain trade balance.
adequate representation/utilisation of the employed There is an increase in the consumption pressure over an unchang
ch people look employed but are actually unemployedWith the growth in population Economic development increases si
ore FDI by offering basic facilities at lower rate than its Higher population leads lesser resources for each individual. Also
ght not have job, but their productivity is low or zero th Let us take an example, lets say for the year 2002 the Increase
t in which more people are engaged in work than requiIt negatively impacts the economic development as the resources
s not what they want to do and eventually looking to getIf a country doesn't have enough resources both tangible and int
ed at a particular working place. It puts pressure
Growth on the
in population resources
could of the country.
be beneficial if the human resource can be utilized prope
hen certain people show that they are employed but in Pros- re
It canMore
also be disadvantageous
educated if enough resources
youth can contribute for livelihood
in an effective and way
and efficient employment c
towards th
o work to earn the wages, but there is no work for hi Con- increase in the burden of economic resources; could lead to reduction/scarcity
fined as the employment of multiple people in the same Every
a country has limited resources. Growth in population means
n of currency leads to inflation. The countries where Growth in population leads
they do not perform
y's currency with respect to other countries. This is us Growth in population would bring in higher purchasing power wh
ut not required to perform a particular work. For example
G-Ifrowth in population
the country puts to
is not able more pressure
meet on limited
the needs sources
of the people of aits own resources it h
from
urs when people seem to be employed but they are notSince-Increased
ac the resources
Unemployment
are limited and increase in population increases the demand, it i
ble to work on the available wages but not able to find Also, unemployment rate will increase.
Growth in population
With proper training, will
canaffect the economic
be converted development in negative manner. Beca
to advantage
a job that can be done by lesser number of people (Eg. More labor so less cost of labor
urs when one activity involves more people than what isGrowth
a in population creates more working class population. But
s to the form of latent unemployment where a worker isa growth in population can have both positive or negative effe
id relative to the work they do, and usually undererpaidthe curve is bell shaped. Growth in population will increase econo
by critics is the MNREGA, employing more people the R a esources are limited in an economy and hence population is de
ch there are people who are actually unemployed but on the surface, looks employed. It is because more people are engaged in a job work
oyed but there was no need for those people. If those growth in population have a long term impact- a larger populat
oyed officially, its is not utilized at its full capacity. Growth in population impacts economic development negatively.
ns a situation where people are self employing themselves into tasks but that task dose not pays them or counts as emp
rs to excess number of people working and not able to Growth add value add because
in population canthe same
have work can
a positive be done
impact without the
to economic development as it will l
situation where the labour employed is more than the a Growth in population can also have a negative impact on economic development, a
s workers in the first place. For example a family worksGrowth in population means more heads to feed. per capita inc
are engaged in a job than the actually required numberGrowth in population leads to a decline in per capita income a
nario which in the population is digitally employed but The effects of population on economic development can be positiv
n when a person is unemployed but is visibly employed. For example when two people are hired for a job but only one
urs when more people are involved in the work than is requ Growth in population leads to increase in human capital. This
be employed With the increase in population, the government makes reforms in
do not generate sufficient income. Population growth leads to increased pressure on all kinds of re
This might be done to stabilise the falling economy of Growth a in population results in more demand of resources in a already scarce marke
ut not effectively utilized. More in number for the same Growth in population results in increase of required facilities
he workforce of labor is employed or hired in a job bu As there is more growth in population , there is more eligible w
d to control inflation
o the situation wherein an employee is actually employed Growth in population adds to economic development as there is m
the purchasing power of a currency as compared to other Growth in population impact economic development as the number
s to the unemployment in which the labour force of a country Growthappears to be results
in population employed in an butincreased
they are actually
number unemploye
of people and an increase in the
ple
rs tothan actually where
a situation needed are
the engaged
number in a work
of people leading However
employed t do a certain
to it doesjob not always
are more result
than whatin economic
is actuallydevelopment
required. as seen in many african
he same piece of farm.
or a particular
e situation whenwork more
more than are
people the employed
required number of wGrowth
to perform Economic in population
a particular task thanwill
Development lead
there
means aretothe
unavailability
actually
standard ofofliving
required. alreadyof ascarce
It majorly nationsresources
happens in theinagricultur
people. the eco
be irrigated by 5 people but 10 people are employed toGrowth do the same
in population
then there
adversely
is disguised
affectsunemployment.
the economic development as there will be m
hen too many people are employed for a small job i.e. the The very basic problem of economic is limited resources and unl
ere people seem to be employed but are actually not wo Increase in population means increase in poverty in a developin
g/employed than required, it is called disguised unemployment.
ot a part of the formal system of the economy Growth in population increases the market size, but if people are
in which more people are working than required. For eGrowth in population -reduces
Rising consumption the GDP per will
Higher consumption capita.
drive Also
the now the forward
economy
Rising unemployment- Often, the growth in population
1. With a growth in population, an upsurge in people in young demographics is higher as comparedwould
to growin
s to more than the required number of people working a2. On the other hand, increase in population means more job opportunities to be ma
would give incentive to the commercial bank to park their funds with the Central Bank; which would decrease the mon
here people are visibly employed, but in reality they a The most direct affect of population growth is the fall in the pe
ns unemployment when the person wants to work and As even
the population grows, the demand for mjob increases but bec
type of unemployment in which people are not workingGrowth to t
However, in population
it is also a hinders in the
larger drain oneconomic
the economydevelopment as th the standard of liv
and to increase
order to increase exports from the country. Also a larger population results in larger consumption which forms the basis of the e
ent but maximum utilization of labour does not take pla Increased consumption expenditure leading to higher GDP
en people are employed in non producitve acitives or acit Population growth can have a positive impact on economic devel
n Unemployment where people think they are employedWith but the
i rise in population there is more human resource availa
money with them, giving less loans, which will decrease Higher population
Population growthleads
leadstotolower
moreavailability
individualsofwilling
economic to workresou
, thus improving the econ
to work but not able to at current wage rates. At the same time increase in population means the firms have to produce more good
The higher the growth the higher the distribution of resources
e phenomenon where the people might seem employed Growth
in a in population has a lot of impact in economic development
rn reduces.
ere the there is no more requirement ( people who are si it is directly proportional, as a high number of people means t
money in the country. If the RBI increases the reverse repo rate, the banks are more likely to deposit the money to RBI rather than lending
that involves more than the required number of peopleGrowth in population adversely impacts economic development a
g in a sector than what officially figures show. Population growth generally impacts the Economic development po
be defined in which people are capable to work but can A favourable scenario for any nation is to have huge amount of
te of another country. Governments sometimes devalue Growth in population adversely impact Economic Development in I
e are employed in a particular job than actually require economic growth implies more employment, more money in the han
but on a pay-scale lower than govt recommended With the growth in population, there is increase in income leadi
portunities in the country for those people who are will Growth in population has an adverse effect on economic development of a country.P
pe of unemployment by which the employed persons are The GNP needs to increase in faster rate compared to growth on
l the money supply in the economy in case of excessiveUncontrolled growth in population puts a lot of burden on the ec
nvolved in a work are more than what is required cor thGrowth in population means there are more people to share the s
gain from exports as the lower amount at the receiv It would affect the inflation equation if the rate of growth for population is higher than
d also rise which would adversely affect the economy of1)The
india.growth of population leads to the generation of more workforce in the longer ru
rs to the condition when people are able to work but are2) However,if the population goes out of control, it can also lead to scarcity of resour
t where people are employed but not gainfully employed .Thus they are not adding much to the output .Eg 10 workers
ctlyare
es butunder
is present
utilised or gets wasted it is disguised unemployment
Stress on basic amenities (food, shelter etc.)
h to do a work on a piece of land, but if 5 farmers are working
Crime
1. If therates
on thewill
same
populationincrease
land, the
growth potential
is in of the 3 employees
the employable areand
age structure under utilised
there are enough
hen the worker remains employed for only particular seas 2. If there are not enough employment opportunities then population growth can imp
be explained as an uemployment where the labour is emp As population increases , per capita GDP of a country goes down
hen more people work on the job than required eg: 10 pA growth in the working population (16-35) has a positive impa
hen more people are employed in the work than needed. -If Ifgrowth
numberin of
population is more
jobs remain than
same, growth in economy
Unemployment then a c
will increase.
ype of unemployment, where people looks like they are- Labor capital will increase, if we dont have sufficient resources then it can slow dow
urs when people seem to be employed, however they are Growth in population can impact Economic development positively if the population i
uation where people are employed but do not have proPopulation growth decreases the per capita income and increase
petitiveness in export market (like china) and drawn in Increase in population growth has negative impact on economi
yees of the Company are unable to contribute to the The growth in population of a country plays a major role toward
erms of dollar value). Growth in population has direct impact on the resources being co
hen the employment exists within the economy but cannot A2)growth
Stableinpopulation-
populationAdvanced
puts moreand
pressure on the already
industrialized existi
economies.
yment, that is when a factor is employed in some busines 3)Shrinking population- Advanced
en there are jobs but the person is not willing to work inpopulation growth will lead to increase in total purchases made.
mployed but are actually unemployed ex- more than requ Growth in population leads to growth in workforce thus leading to growth in economic
ple are engaged in an employed activity As population increases, per capita available income declines.
ype of unemployment where people who can be employed Growth b in population of a country challenges its limited resources
ns when more people are working
and services or foreign currency. a particular job thanGrowth in population hinders Economic Development. A growth in
their currency in comparison to other currencies. Due The to this
resources
the exports
available
becomeis limited
very expensive
in an economy.
and theThe
imports
rise ingets
popcheaper. Now there
that disguise itself as something else Population grows in geometric progression. Resources grow in Ar
d to work but is not utilized in the work or service.
yed
s toon a work than
a situation required,
where in moreit than
is known as disguise
the required unToo
number of much
peopleofare
population
engagedcan hamper
in the sameeconomic development
activity without reaping because of finiteness
any additional of
benefits.
iculture sector wherein the whole family is engaged on Growth one agricultural
in population
plot without
increasesgiving
the any
pressure
extra of
benefit
employment
after a certain
which number of employ
sically the unemployment that goes unnoticed and people Growth in population has mixed impact on the economic developmen
kind of unemployment where people employed are visibly employed but are unemployed. In such situation more people
d as proper resource as it should be, their status shows employed but they are paid very low as per the job and also not given much work
hich more number of people are employed than requir Increased population requires higher number of facilities and resources. It slows eco
Growth in Population affects the demand and supply of the produ
umber people on a work than the number currently worthe per-capita income falls, there is a burden to create more jo
hen the unemployed is being categorized as employed.AItgrowth is population can lead to an increase in the value of produc
d no other external factors are into play. The governme Negative-
Data startsOn the other
getting hand, if the population is not skilled enough in required profe
vague.
st prevalant in India. Like a farmer when include his 4 Same resources more population.
situation when more people are employed at a service than there is a need for. For e.g If a farm land requires only 2
yed at an organization, than it is required, it is known As population
2. Increase in increases,
Demand ofper capita
good andincome
servicesgeneration also inc
hich human capital is employed only on paper but are A3.growing
Increased likelihood
population of unemployment
creates great potential for economic growth. It creates for work
orkers seem to be employed, but are actually not and On the flipside, it also causes a decrease in GDP per capita and increase in logistica
ns that it seems the person has a job but in reality he Growth in population affects the economic development by hinde
ntry as more domestic currency can be bought with th population growth and economic development are inversely rela
yed under a project, company than the actual requirement Growth in population increases the demand for goods and service
ople for a job and unnecessarily employs 8 people, the additional 3 people are said to be unemployed as their contribution stands nil toward
: Boost exports in the international market; Decrease inThe
growth leads
in population to effect
impacts thethe per capita
Economic income. Perincapita
development income
a mixed way. refers
The po
e type
ns withofthe
unemployment whenofitaseems
particular amount given that the people
currency On
are
you are the to
able other hand, fewer
purchase excessproducts,
of anything hasthe
since adverse effects.
value of If the population
the currency grows f
has decreased.
s such they are able to profit by devaluing a particular currency.
The growth in population results in inefficient distribution of
ployment. It is a kind of unemployment in which there As population increases, per capita available income declines.
In
1)aAs country like India,
population population
will increase growth
so there would
will leadmigration
be more to lower available per capita
taking place inc
from rural
h labour deployed in organization is not used to produ 2) As the population grow number of young people in population will increase and du
ed in producing goods or a service which is not in utilisa
The growth in population tells us the exact increase in our GNP.
ns when more labour is employed in a certain task thanGrowthis in population is a double edged sword. On the one hand,
yed
ent.to do a task than required. Example: When 5 farmers an increase
in population will hinder
can have the economic
a positive as well asdevelopment
a negative impact on the econom
ation seems to be employed but in reality is unemployed. A negative
This is when
impactthere
happens
are more
if the
people
growth involved
in population
in a workis high
thanwhich
are required.
is not accompan
kind of unemployment where more people are employed in the work than required.
urs when there are more people employed to do a job than Growth in population would lead to a scarcity of resources for a
the population segment which does not have the capability or skills to sustain an employment but are a part of it
ns people who are employed but are not used to their op growth in population increases the consumption for the country
. It helps reduce the liquidity in the economy which helps control inflation and boost the strength of our currency.
ing it to a certain other currency. Growth in population means higher demand for goods and services. Hence this lead
cy value. The most important reason is the benefits durA growth in population without a growth in employment opportunities can hamper the
here people only "appear" to be employed. They are invo Demand
1. side
It defines the- Humans areofthe
distribution consumers
resources andthat createtodemand
services for goods in the eco
the people
problem when more than required people area engaged2.inAlso the increase human resource if skilled properly can lead to increased develo
is not used for production of goods and services If GDP growth is less than growth in population, then the econo
hen a person is visibly employed but is actually not workrising population leads to increased number of workforce, more
yed than the required number of people. When population increases, people are required to feed more chi
there is more unemployment but since few people areconsidering
1. Demand the resources
for goods and are scare,increase,
services if there isbut
antheincrease
supplyinhas not increased much
re visibly employed but are actually not employed. It po2. The per capita income decreases which has undesired effects on consumption an
xchange value. A few countries do is to fight trade im Population growth directly means that increase in demand for na
oing a job is more than the actual number of people requi With the growth in population, the consumer demand and expenditure increases whi
re visibly employed but actually unemplyoed that me a high growth in population increase a higher consumer base th
ns showing as unemployed to avail various benifits. The With growthininpopulation
1. Growth populationcreates
variousa parameters are impacted
situation where at s
the consumption of resources esp
elp of an example: If in a retail shop there are 5 peop 2. For government, high numbers of population becomes a burden, when the countr
ed
butthan whatvisible,
it is not are required for aDisguised
it is called task and Unemployment.
it seemingly cre
It causes a fall in per capita income due to larger base and henc
or who charges zero fees, will not add any value in his income Human and
population
to the economy.
is the key resource in any economy. There have been instances
d sector or for which keeping record is not feasible i When there is a increase in population the demand of the sourc
kind of unemployment when the work of a person is done Growth
by in population will adversely affect economic development
kind of unemployment in which there are people who are Population is the most important factor for economic growth as
he productivity is same with extra number of employeesPopulation directly impacts demographic dividend and hence pro
the country devalues the currency by paying a higher G p rowth in population leads to a scarce in the natural resources
to work and satisfied with the wage that will be provided
With the increase in population, we get more manpower resource
hen more than required people are working on the same job. Example. 5 people working on the same farm when it requires the work of 2 pe
form of unemployment when a person is unemployed willingl
Growth in Population
Population means
of a country is onea of
larger market
the major needcontributing
factor to cater withto the economic develo
e of the form of unemployment where one isn't employeSimply put, 1 piece of cake if divided between 5 people and when divided between 5
ment is referred to the situation when people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their pot
is not readily visible. For instance those employed in t Resources now have to be shared among larger population. The improvement oppor
olved in an activity is greater than the number needed for An increase in population will lead to an increasing in the num
rs to a situation where skills of labour that is employed As
in there is a growth in population, resources availability decl
urs when more workers are hired or are working than actually
Growth
d. Goodinbanking
population has a
system detrimental
with impact
less overall NPA.on the economic de
urrency when their debt increases, economy not working 1.andfi all these
Growth factors eventually
in Population leads to help in positive
additional burdenimpact of limited
on the Economic development.
resources of the cou
dden employment. It means more people are employed2. Growth in Population leads to rise in demand, mainly for consumer products. This
ken voluntarily. Rise in population will lead to lower levels of unemployment an
ut actually do not have work to perform, for example every year IT service based companies have 20000+ people on ben
rrency.Example. when a government of a country has to Growth in population- increasing wants of customer with increasi
hen human capital is underutilized but paid for. For exaGrowth in population has both a positive and a negative facet to it. It ensures an incr
a job which requires only 3 manpower, that is a form A simultaneous increase in GDP and Population does not increas
pe of unemployment where the labour force who are employ Growth in population results in increase in consumption expendit
est rate to banks. This will further decrease the interes The growthpotential
3. Higher in population
whichhas
cannegative effect by
be maximized on making
the economic
use of development. Ashuma
technology and the b
n which the number of workers employed is more than th4. Higher Population cause the average labour cost of the country to fall which migh
employment which does not show up in the official numbe If growth in population does not match economic growth, per cap
untries devalues its currency to increase foreign investme Higher Population leads to more competition for the same resou
ype of unemployment where even though the person is Growth
em in population could impact the economic development in both ways. If it is an
n the reverse repo rate would lead to a decrease in the -supplyincreaseof money circulating
in number in the
of people country.
without adequate increase in education and healthca
xports more price competitive in foreign markets. - increase in strain on limited resources of the economy
hen people do not have productive full-time employment Asbupopulation increases, per capita available income declines. The consumption Exp
nt where the labor is not contributing to the aggregate output.
1. Economic development can be negatively effected as higher the population more
2. But using the population systematically can result in high economic growth due to
Growth in population can affect the demand of goods and services being produced. T
ple, It takes Rs70 to buy $1 USD but after devaluation Growth in population have different Pros and Cons for economic
ut people are not willing to work at the given work wagIt provides labor resources but puts extra pressure on the res
ple are employed to do a certain job, the excess manpoHigh 1. Thehuman capital
number is never
of jobs a setback
available for economic
does not increase atdevelopment.
the same rateHighly
as theproductive
populatio
hen there are more than necessary people employed forSo, 2.aThe
in aresources available growth
growing economy are limited, an increase
in population in population
impacts Economicincreases the strain
development pos
e kind of Unemployment which doesn't seem to be obvious but in economies with sluggish growth where people don't have the resources and th
nemployment even in employment . When a person who As is
the population increases the level of educational unemployme
hen part of the labor force is either left without work or is working in a redundant manner that does not contribute to th
herein there are people who seem to be employed i.e are doing work but aren't actually employed because more people a
ncrease of Rs.10,000 crore in import bill. 2) Healthcare - Quality healthcare cost increases with increase in population
r there are people who are employed but are actually 3) Basic Facilities - Cost for providing adequate basic needs varies
Pros:
ype of unemployment where the subject is actually earnCould be used in favor if managed properly by providing quality education/skill deve
hen too many people are employed on the same field of Growth
fa in population creates a burden on the existing natural a
Limited growth in population increases the workforce in an ec
o a situation where labour that is employed in a job is not actually utilised for the production of goods and services.
tured in surveys. A growth in population will reap demographic benefits provided th
practice used by businesses to save money and other Ifbene the growth of population is less than the GNP rate then the
s the name suggests, It is the unemployment under disgu Groeth in population deteriorates Economic development as more resources will be r
rs to more no. of employees working than required on the As per economics , resources are limited and with the growth of p
state where more people are employed to do a job at aPopulation
low has mixed effect on economic development both positi
s to the case where people seem to be employed however they are not adding value to the nation as there will be no decrease in output if
nwards trend. By devaluing the currency, the exports arGrowth in population of a country impacts various policies of the
oyed for the job is not utilized to its fullest potential Increase in population decreases per capita available income,
oyed for a work that can be done by lesser people growth
Larger in population creates a larger market for companies, hence
workforce
employment where people look employed or they are vis Skilled /unskilled labor available
ut he is working at a position which is far below his qualiWhen there is a growth in population, there is a demand for var
in which more number of people are working than actua Per Capita income decreases as population increases which fu
utilised for the production of goods and services An increase in population leads to an increased strain on avail
e is either out of jobs or productivity of the workforce is zero. It is unemployment which do not have any effect on aggregate production.
re visibly employed but they are actually employed GDP per capita remains unaffected if there is increase in GDP bu
income of an individual. Growth in earning population of a country
hen a worker is left without work or he is underutilized
re than required currently and can lose the job any time in near future
which people are visibly employed but are actually unemployed
oyment, it refers to a situation where labour that is emplThe larger the size of population, the larger will be the labor fo
Growth in educated and skillful population accelarates economic development, as th
government grants and benefit. Growth in uneducated and unskillful population can act as a barrier towards econom
pens when in a job more than required members are work Growth in population will put more pressure on already scarce resources. Per capita
o be employed but is actually unemployed. eg : a lot of The more the number of people the more resources required. If the population was le
s to a situation where more people are employed in one a rise
si in population leads to creating more users of the same li
person is ablr to work but unwilling to work. Growth in population might mean growth in labour force which mi
urplus money. The reverse repo rate is generally always 1% lower than the repo rate. Currently the reverse repo rate
o work, have found a job that pays wages, but there is no project
Growth in or assignment
population at present
backed for the individual.
by purchasing (Ontothe
power leads b
increase in demand for p
pay, it is known as disguised unemployment. For exampl Growth in population without the backing of purchasing power leads to a fall in dema
ype of unemployement in which people seem to be employed but are unemployed. For example : employees on sick l
ase exports from the country as the buying power of other currencies increase.
here it seems that people are working but in reality t Growth in population will require adequate education, increasin
rrency. Governments voluntarily devalue a currency in Growth
or in population affects the resources consumed and the reso
Population growth can play a significant factor is economic deve
more human capital to carry out different activities
scenario in which the amount of required personnel(OrWith the growth in population at a rate higher than that for the same growth in the co
Population growth decreases the per capital resources availabl
rencies in the world. When the money supply in a cou If the growth in output is more than the growth in population then
s when part of the labor force is either left without workGrowth in the
1. Limited population
resources- leadcountry
Every to lower perlimited
has capitaresources
income assum
in hand and if population
s which reduces the money purchasing power of the p 2. Inflation- If the population grows it may increase the consumption and sometimes
ment, is called devaluation. For example 1 USD being eIncreased population means there is higher demand for infrastructure, goods and se
d be a situation in which there is excessive workforce tGrowth in population can have a positive impact on economic de
type of unemployment where a labour or employee is e2. Allocation and distribution of resources: Unlimited wants and limited resources. Th
rs to the situation in which labor that is employed in a A large population can't necessarily provide any demographic di
ople are seen as they employed but they are unemployIt actually depends on GDP of the country as if GDP is not inc
ve productive full-time employment but are not counted in the official unemployment statistics.
ne, or a part of the population, is visibly employed, or seems to be employed, but is actually unemployed. E.g. if a work
sible but is present is termed as disguised unemployment. Growth of population negatively affects the economic development as, most of the tim
not looking for employment because of other benefits p Growth in population means growth in demand, investments, purchasing and thus ta
at type of employment where more than required people Growth
ar in population without the increase in the GDP means the decrease in the GD
urs when neither optimum productivity levels or pay areifathe rate of increase in total output is greater than the rate o
ly seen in the unorganized sector. FOr example. IN farming

The growth in population increases demand for resource and emp
situation where the unemployment is not visible and t growth in population would lead to a faster consumption of res
3-Increase in Poverty and Unemployment
hen a person doesn't have a stable source of income and 4-- tLower standard of living
ar. Currency devaluation will be done sometimes to increGrowth in population
- If the country will increase
is developed, it willearning population.
have the This
capacity to will supply. Hence grow
increase
- If the country is developing, it wont have the capacity to increase supply. Hence it c
a task of 8, 2 people wouldn't be contributing any valu Also, standard of living and transportation tends to get compromised. For instance, i
hen more than the required number of people for a particGrowth in population impacts economic development in a positiv
Higher the population,
Unemployment higher will be the resource utilization. T
increases
ed in one place when the need is not their typically happ
The avg age of a country decreases
hen a person gets a job for lower salary/wage than he/sGrowth
Example- in population into higher rates of unemployment, more de
yed labour does not contribute to the production of goo1.
The Business
Increase Process
in the Outsourcing
the population withindustry works
a constant on the above
purchasing powerprinciple.
and supply would
nt of a superior currency. This might be done to escalate
2. Increase in population with a limited job opportunities may lead to increase in une
yed for a piece

s because of workofthat
the prices the can be done
exported by employing
commodities lThe per capita
in international availability
markets of resources decrease with increase
will drop.
the country
mployed in a particular job than required, then it leads An increase in the population leads to increase in the income ea
e employed on a task making some people redundant.Growth in population results in less resources per person
The growth in population is directly proportional to the Economic development. As th
on where people are appear to be employed but actually Population
Increase in increase
populationwillresults
lead tointhe increase
increase in demand
in demand andinineffect increases the su
which
of the population is engaged in unregulated working s Thus circulation of money increases as a direct effect of growth in population
urs when part of the labour force is either left without jobAs population increases, high chances of per capita income decre
which
ee theredoes
or labor are people who are
is redundant, visibly
then it is employed
known an but are actually
Disguised unemployed.
unemployment.
tput or efficiency of a process does not reduce if the "disguised employee" is absent.
here more people will seem to be employed than ther Growth in population translates to more consumption of economic resources. Since r
are visibly employed but they are actually unemployed.per 1. If capita income
the growth ratedeclines and more is
of the population expenditure
higher thanoneconomy
consumptio growth rate, it decrease
ts when the workforce is doing extremely low productivi2. High growth in population means more consumption of limited resources.
ed in a work then required, that situation is called Disg It reduces the available resources for people thus reducing the Pe
ur force are not utilized to full extent or labour employ It affects Economic development like a double edged sword. On one
Economic development reduces with the increase in the population
e currency. When a currency fails and it seems to be imp Population growth increase the overall consumption and it incr
yment where more people are employed than actually rMore 1. More population
population growth
should means more
ideally competition
bring for resources.
more workforce I
into the table, therefore incre
currencies). This is done to sometimes increase tra 2. But if growth exceeds a certain limit, beyond the production supply of goods from
hen people don't join the labor force since they are unableIncreasing population growth impacts the overall economic well b
yment rate to the public
ency.This devaluation is done by the government orderAs population increases, per capita income decreases.With the
ed but might be actually unemployed. When there is more than average growth in the population of the country, the country
hen a person is not a full time employee. He is on and oWhen growth/expansion of these factors are not upto the expected level, it impacts t
urs when additional workers or surplus labour work on samIncrease in population decreases per capita income and puts strain on national resou
ple are not accounted as unemployed but do not have The growth in population will effect the economic development an
ngaged in a particular job than are actually required toWith
c the growing population, there are more number of consumer
Growth in population with all other growths remaining same, co
e are not utilised completely that scenario is known As population grows we need more resources such as capital,basic
hen a person is employed but is not accounted for as per In employment
low population standards. For eg is
country-Growth Labourers.
hampered due to workforce crisis,the work force
order
e more topeople
gain competitive export
are working on a advantage over
piece of work otherwould
which In highly populous
otherwise requirecountry, the growth
less people is derived
to work upon. from competition andcheap labour
n practice in farmlands of India where the entire family of
Withthethe
farmer
increase
helpsinhim
population
out in the offarm
the country
but actually
the per
there
capita
is a G
need of less number of
Some of the factors for economic development is the investment a
Increase
e employed but has a meagre salary i.e. he or she is unable in demand
to sustain leading
a living to incentive
it is said for increasing
to be disguised supply l
employment.
ed to be employed but in real world that employment doesn't help them sustain a living.
mber of people are employed than required.
hen a person is employed for work worth 'x' but is shown Growth
t in population can help in economic development only if t
r of people are employed than required. Say a factory A n vailability of more workforce can help increase production capacity of an economy,
but they show as if they are unemployed. Growth in population leads has a tonegative effect on economic
more competition development
for limited resources. since the numb
mploying more people than needed in a job. So for emplEconomic Development is characterized by Per capita Income which gets lower due
hen part of the labours are either witn no work or is working productivity is almost zero.
but actually are not growth in population reduces the per capita income of individu
cy. Sometimes, when the government feels that the curre Economic Development is seen when the ratio of change in GDP to change in popul
who are visibly employed are actually unemployed Population growth without steps to up skill the population leads
be measured due to various circumtances. If population growth is high, it doesn't matter how high the GDP i
sometimes to boost foreign direct investment 2. On the other hand the rise in population also translates to a rise in the number of
due to inflation. The growth in population can have both positive and negative imp
urs when an individual gets a job or is employed in an activi
If the growth in population is more than the growth in GDP, then
e scenario in which more people are working in the inforEconomic development basically involves allocation of resources
to buy currency which leads to devaluation Since the goods produced will be same in the given period of ti
hen the individual is employed but the reason for this employment is that more people are employed than required.
stered with the government as a working employee butGrowth
Positiveinimpact
population canmarket
: greater impact for
theforeign
economic development
goods , thus moreininvestment
a ne . More brai
situation where people who are visibly employed are actuaNegative : lower per capita income , high unemployment and poverty . can hamper e
rue unemployment.
ents sometimes devalue a currency of the country to loGrowth in population can impact economic development in either a positive or negati
actually come up but is disguised by a high level of ot Growth in population will leads to increased need for proper st
oyed but are actually unemployed. Example - people doing only part time jobs but are counted as 'employed' citizens
ployed but doesn't really add any value to the organizatIf there's immense growth in population in case of an underdev
e people are engaged or assigned to a task than required. This shows that the people are visibly employed but are
state of the
due to hidden employment
government wherein
deciding on it.more people are engaged
positive- in worklead
it can thantowhat
moreisgrowth
required.
as Hence, people
population appear
increase as also mean increas
would
nd supply which might increase inflation a lot. some countries
negative-
also Population
do this soincrease
that theirmeans
exports
that
canthere
increase.
is lack of resources which further lea
s to that phenomenon when a particular work is performe It has both positive and negative impacts. Growth in population means more product
way through which a person shows himself as unemploye Growth in population lowers the per capital income directly. A c
urage imports.
ed are employed in a job, leads to disguised unemplo More and more people are going to compete for fewer resources which has an adver
med to be unemplyed but aren't adding any value by beIf the growth in population is greater than the grwth in GDP for a
type of employment which exists but cannot be clearly Population
re growth can affect Economic development both positive
on looks employed, however, he is not. This kind of unemployment is hidden.

ew notes of the same of different demonition are launch As the population
Positive effects: theincreases, the resources
more people you have, per
moreperson decrease
the work force and more outcome.
o exchange rates. Negative effect: Limited resources, larger population and developing country all toge
e person is ready to offer his services but is unable to Growth in population might lead to scarcity of available resources due to more dema
s to the situation where more people are employed than The central problems in the economy include issues concerning re
e type of unemployment in which people seems emploIt- leads to largertolabor
More people feed forces which
with the samecan decrease
amount economic
of income, lessgro
savings which leads to
t increases the price so that people do not invest in foreign
- Density
currency
of the area increase making it difficult for a quality development
rs to the situation in which the people are working but aResources are limited and when there is a growth in population,
which more than required people are there who are willi Growth in population will provide a workforce necessary to gener
ople of the nation have a high demand for income genera Growth in population results in increase in demand. This increas
lts due to unregistered or unorganized jobs to the popul inversely
ployed labour is not used to their capacity, leading to It can lead to decline in per-capita income.
Growth in population leads to growth in unemployement which le
are employed in a project than is actually required. T Population growth hampers economic development as the governme
seems
re therethat
are people
workersare employed
who but are
are providing actually
their unem
services Thedon't
but lagercome
the population, the lager
under the formal theoflabor
terms force. If a country
employment
mily and relatives working for the person A growing population puts more pressure on a country's limited r
n a part time basis but is considered to be employed. As the population grows, there will be more demand and hence more supply in the m
With all things constant, a large population eats away the scant resources available l
workers for an organisation is "x" but the organisation Growth of population, increases the consumption from household
Population increases, per capita income decreases
deremployment wherein the skills of a labour force areMore not population means that the government would have to focus on boosting job cre
s to a situation in which the number of people working oHenceforth, if any economic indicator, though growing as a whole but when taken in
en unemployment is a situation in which people seem With to the growth in population, there increases a need for resou
rs to the state of events where a person from the workingGrowth in population leads to decrease in per capita income; overdependency on the
are engaged than required. From outside it may look l More population means resources used per individual decreases
urs where more people are employed in a work than are Growth
ac in population leads to lower GDP per capita. This means
ent where the skills of the working labor are not used upAs population increases per capita decreases and results in the
duals are employed, but they are not adding to the pro Growth in population meansbecomes more individuals,
a burden on thetherefore
economymore
due de
to the increase in non
hen a person appears to be employed but does not receiv If the increasing population gets the right facilities, resources and opportunities, it ca
han the actual statistics show 1) with population growth, the price of labour decrease
65( Indian Rupees) is equal to $1 (US dollar) and now 2) it affect the per capita GDP
situation where labor that is employed in a job is not actAs population increases, per capita available income declines.
Growth in Population creates the need to produce more jobs ,
there are people who are visibly employed, but actually unemployed. It occurs when people do not have productive ful
t in which the number of people employed for a particular job is more than required. It is also called hidden unemployjment.
are employed then the requirement More population to feed, more pressure on resources. Hence, i
orm of unemployment in which people who are in the work
Growth in population results in a lower literacy rate, increase
vt. government usually devalue a currency in order to incr the increase in population increases the demand and workforce
al output and economic variables but decrease or stagn D ue to growth
Growth in population,
in younger populationthe average
(above demand
18 and belowof60)
goods
is a and
goods sign for economic d
ers to the under-utilization of the labour/employee for thGrowth in older population (above 60) is a sign of stagnant or even falling economic
employed for some parts of the day With increasing population ,government has to allocate more fun
ns that a person is visible to be employed but in realityIti is theoretically not a good factor if the population of country
productive
t devalued full-time employment,
its currency but are
so that other not counted
countries in the official
could continue doingunemployment
trade with them statistics. Eg- people
at a competitive with sickness, people doing part-tim
margin.
High growth in pop. dilutes economy
called hidden unemployment, is a condition where people say that they are employed but they are actually unemployed.
nt in an activity where the human capital requirement is not that high. This is inefficient use of Human Resource where the labour as a facto
s to the situation in which the people appear to be em The growth in population impacts the Economic Development in a
gaining employment, when at the same time equal if not When the GDP of the country is more than the population growth th
situation where the manpower employed is more than tFor a developing country like India, which has been suffering through poverty since i
g and hence considers himself employed but in reality With i increase in population there is an increase in demand. Henc
creates strain on resources, although generates more manpowe
ot reflected in front of government but it exist. It mainly Growth in population sometimes negatively impacts economic dev
Growth
1) Loweringrowth
population can be good
in population can as wellan
mean asageing
bad forpopulation
the country. Growth
which can in populatio
impede gro
mployed but that is not the job he is willing to do. 2) Higher human resources can be used to propel growth.
Growth in population reduces the resources/GDP per capita. Actual GDP is only mea
type of unemployment where you might earn wages butGiven ar the rise in population, the economic development takes a hit as we see in the
f population which is actually employed but in a place The growth in population can have a positive impact in the Econo
e employed than needed. It impacts
The growthanineconomy
population adversely because
has a inverse reasources
relation with theand opportunities
economic are limited
development of thw
a person are employed but at a place where there are -Moreover, one
If there are noofresources
the majorthe
determinants of economic
the unemployment development
increases thereby is per capitathe
decreasing inc
time job and are not counted as unemployed - Poverty , malnutrition , infant deaths etc are some of the major problems with the in
fined when more than required number of people are wor With the growth in population the demand for limited resources
ed unemployed when job opportunities are present.They Increase in population leads to increase in required goods and s
are visibly employed but output wise are unemployed.ifAlso the growth
This rapid
usually in population
increase
happens is characterized
of when
population
therecan
is a lead by
surplusgrowth
of laborin
to surplus skills
labor
than not
thebeing
requirement.
in used.
arming activities where more people are working on a single Also Growth
plot thanofrequired.
total output
Evenshould
if we be
remove
greater
some
thanofthe
therate
workers,
of increase
the output
of theand
popula
wor
e type of requirement where in more people are working on a job than the required number of people required. Farming
rs to people being unemployed but not being accounted Increase in population affects economic development based on th
ut not to his/her full potential. Resources are scarce and the distribution of the same is unequal
loyed in a job is not actually utilized for the production of goods and services
hen people seem to be employed but are not employedI believe in growth in population impacts the Economic development
ds, such as equipment, tools, transportation assets, and electricity.

state where more people are working and less are reuired. The increase in population effects the GNP of the country. If the growth and GNP is a
hidden like when people are visibly employed but actuaGrowth in population slows the economic development because unt
s to a type of unemployment in which more than necessar Growth in population impacts economic development because a larger population wo
rs when a pseudo level of unemployement is created
rk but not according to his competence. Growth in population will lead to increase in the demand of good
are both able and willing to do their work but due to the
The growth in population worsens the problem that exists of the scarcity of resources
t literally a type of unemployment. It is a scenario when more than the required number of employees are hired/working for a particular job.
Growth in population impacts the Economic Development in a positive way as there
ns doing a work which is not providing sufficient rewar A lot of emphasis on education would benefit the economy a lot.
ployed but are unemplyed. Here more people are engaThe growth in population fosters economic growth and developmen
s to where the real figure of unemployed people are not Growth leads to development. Growth in GDP is a true indiocator
orking in a sector is more than the number required, it if the growth in population is supplemented by adequate growth
yed but are actually unemployed Population growth
It also means increases
a larger foodpool
employee demand and also
and might indicate a labour intensive market.
other currencies. This can be done to increase the expoHigher population also means higher demand and therefore need for higher supply a
employed for a job is more than required numbers, it isIf rate of growth in population is more than rate of growth in
e type of employment in which a person seems to be empl The growth in population, people face scarcity of resources whic
required number of people employed in a job then it Growth in population returns to growth in demand for goods and services and growth
e employment where it looks like the individual is employ Growth is population impacts economic development in both positive and negative w
g on a something than required. Example: 2 family member Growth in population impacts the pressure on employment of people as the demand
hen part of the labor force is without work or is working As population increases, per capita available income declines.
g on a project/work than the required number , this typ It depends on the economy of the country, so in country like Indi
in any form job or service but show themselves to be The amount ofincreases
As population resourcesandpresent is finite and
the economic the increase
development in population
does not happenwill
in increase
the sam
kind of unemployment when unemployed people are repor Economic
2. growth
Per-capita can be
available achieved
income when the rate of increase in total output is greate
declines
kind of unemployment in which there are people who are 3. Unemployment and poverty rise.
situation where labour that is employed in a job is not aAs population increases, per capita available income decreases. People are required
ing about any productivity from the work done. Since there is a growth in population, there is a growth in consumption as well. that le
hen labor which is employed for the job is not actually used for production.
mployee are underutilized or not utilized completely in Growth in population enables a larger availability of manpower
d but is left without work is called Disguised Unemploy Factors like unemployment rises
e type of unemployment where more number of people are working than required. The efforts of these extra workers don't
s before, products received will be less. As the population increases, the unemployment rate will increase and this will put bu
ective resource to the institute that he is working for.
form of visible employment. It means that some peoplegrowth in population increases the demand of products and servic
kind of unemployment in which there are people who arGrowth in population can either have a positive or negative impac
hen a person is qualified and educated and still not ableHigher
t the growth in population higher he demand for services
ch people are visible to be employed but they are actually unemployed.
ks deposit excess funds with the RBI and earn interest for it.
obtained by a few units of labour, but more units of labGrowth in population
The growth leads
in population to increase
leads in labourinforce
to the increase which
demand of m
resources, resources be
fixed money economy, unlike India where money valu The economic development is affected by it as
er factors such as foreign market instability, the ong Increase in population puts pressure on the limited available cou
It puts a strain on the limited resources available, decreased e

rs to a state in which more people are doing a job thanGrowth
i in population can have both negative and positive impacts on economic deve
ed are engaged in a work, disguised unemployment arises. Disguised unemployment means people who looks like the
es hired by a company is more than the number of employ
There can be a positive impact on economic development if the growth in GDP is gre
unemployment
As the resources rises
are limited,
2 any
access to facilities decrease 2
Increase in Population will will
increase in population
create
preventaeconomic
increase in demand.
activities to
Therefore,
reach all thecreating
concernedan
2 An increaseininthe
imbalance
parties.
population
The dilution market
of the 2
would mean more availability
resources is also
of skilled labour and in the reason
greater
for hampering economic
quantity. Human resource is
development
India's strength, the greater the 2
skill, more is the productivity
across the board and can have
thereby
2 effects. Positive
increasing the GDP and 2
Negative. Positive- Growth of
population can increase the
demand for the product which
2 can mean profitable for
industries and also flow of
goods
Economicanddevelopment
supply increases in
has to
the country. Negative -
2 be re-planned accordingly It can 2
create too much strain on
resources and lead to inflation
very quickly. Also If the country
2 do not have resources to meet
the requirement, it can lead to
increase in imports, thereby
2 reducing the profitability 2
2
An increase in population
leads to more needs and
greater creation of human
2 capital. If this is utilized
optimally, it can lead to greater
economic development in the
2 longer run. 2
oyemnt but it doesnt look like,
e hidden unemployment. For eg, if a combined family ofWhen the population grows, the savings reduces as more people have to rely on the
than required. i.e they are visibly employed but are actually unemployed
o manufacture products.
s to a situation where more number of people than required are employed for work.
ng, we see that more number of people are employed on Asfield
population grows, there
than required. This isisknown
a greater strain on the
as disguised resourc
unemployment. Disguised unemplo
here certain people seem employed but actually are not. They do not have productive full-time employment but are not counted in the officia
situation when extra people are involved in a task, thatThe growth in population directly affects the economic developm
s dont really work full time but are neither involved Can hinder growth if not utilized efficiently. Eg-INDIA
When more than required people are employed.
Explain any 2 initiatives taken by the Government to curb povertWhy is the NPA problem more severe for PSU banks c
e equilibrium supply has to be increased too.
re and therefore economic growth and development As loans were made available easier in PSU banks
PM Jan Dhan
- Providing yojna
paid leaves and paid sick leaves Because PSU banks give out loans at a lower rate and to
- Supporting pay equity PSUs have been involved with a lot of private and govt ten
NPA problem is more severe for Public banks because
a. Majority of Indian banking operations are under PSUs
Pradhan Matri Rozgar Yojana was started as a measure to provide empl
b. huge NPAs lead to huge deficit with the banking sector
se in the GDP leads to a reduction in the GDP per capita. This leads to a lower sta
This is beacuse the PSU banks have a higher share of no
The Government
-NREP takes Employment
(National Rural initiatives to curb poverty
Program) - totime and again
provide through
more jobs policies
to rural and schemes. A few recent ones are Dhan Ja
Indians.
-Jawahar Rozgar Yojana -
Minimum wages has been fixedto create a statutory fund and provide economic
PSU banks
support
are to
not
the
allowed
families
to below
lend larger
poverty
portions
line, with
of the
100d
Monthly
1. ration
Pradhan hasJan
Mantri been provided
Dhan Yojnafor the under privileged The loan provided by PSU banks are huge in comparison
2. Minimum 100 days of employment to people Private banks are more cautious in giving out loans since
Lowering loan rates, increasing saving interest rates PSU banks cannot pursue NPA as aggressively as private
- Farmer centric schemes and plans, like eNAM, etc. On a very general basis, PSUs have a lot more responsibi
- Educational initiatives such as Vikas
Integrated rural development programme Yojana, that aims to increase/ improve
Private Banks
level of
are/
education
can alsoreceived
be funded
by by
thevarious
people.other so
Pradhan Mantri grameen awaas yojana
NAREGA, improvements in agriculture sector Their NPAs are higher because of easy credit schemes by
ust 4 people required to complete a job and there are 7 people working in it then it becomes the case of disguised unemployment.
1. NREGA - National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - This act ensures employment for the rural population in the manufactu
Kisan Jan Dhan Yojana, MGNREGA PSUs have less stringent rules when doling out loans sinc
PM-Kisan and NREGA Lack of stringent and updated policies for lending, loop ho
The steps taken by the government to curb poverty are:

MGNREGS - provided
1) Fast tracking employment
economic growth and /or minimum wage rate to unemplo
Govt banks depict credibility to the public, if they default an
2) Launching various schemes like NREP Private Banks are independent and are only liable to deal
Jan Dhan Gandhi
Mahatma Yojana National Rural Employment Gurarantee Program (MNREGA)
The PSU banks cover 70% of the population of India.
Krishi Kalyan Yojana The
Pradhan Mantri jan dhan yojna - the poor people are given certain fixed NPA in
money thetime
over PSUfor
banks
their can disrupt
basic needs.the economy. The
pradhan mantri gramin aawas yojna - houses are constructed for theDue
poortopeople
the liberal
so that
policies
they and
do not
unstrict
stay outside
laws in on
PSUthebanks
roads
Ayushman bharat
Jawahar Gram and Pradhan
Samridhi Yojana:mantri
The mainKisan Samman
aim nidhi are two
of this programme schemes
was NDA government
the development of rural took to Infrastructure
areas. reduce poverty.like roads
Annapurna: provide food to senior citizens who cannot take care of themselves
Majority of the
andbanking
are not sector
under the
is regulated
National by
OldPSU
Agebanks,
Pensio
2 initiatives by the government to curb poverty are Jawahar Gram YoThe NPA problem is more severe in the PSU banks becau
Awaas Yojana
MGNREGA has been
scheme initiated to
for providing build homes
employment to for the poor. MNRE PSU banks, with their stringent policies give out loans for a
poors
Garib Kalyan yojna
n the demand for staples which may lead to an inflation in pricing in turn leading toThe gross NPA levels are higher for a PSU bank as again
Ayushman
- PM-Kisan Bharat,
Yojna Make in India improper regulations, inefficiency, less accountability
- Jan Dhan Yojna NPA problem is more severe for PSU banks because of va
Mnrega
y increases and scheme
if there to ensure
no growth in theemployment that then,
creation of jobs wouldthe
in turn help labourers
unemployment NPA
of theproblem
country isincreases
more severe tonegatively
which PSU banks as it shows
impacts th
the eco
seen in the poorer sections of the society then, there is a negative impact in the economics development. As with steady income, the stand
Indira Awas Yojna : House to every poor or homeless

PMNREGA : Minimum wage job guarantee
NREGA
The
ruralNational
housingSkill development program to train the people so that As the banks had a tendency to hide the NPA during its tim
Food for work programme
Mudra Scheme-Through this scheme the lower income group can take
because
l PSU banks lend money through various governm
Initiatives taken by government to curb poverty:
1. Establishing a minimum age of marriage
2. Trying to create more jobs: The policy of being "aatma-nirbhar" has helped many people in finding jobs.
1.
3.Grating
The green Universal Basic
revolution Pay 2. Generation
encouraged people toofbuy
Employment
own land (eg: withThe non performing assets for a private bank are not that
4. Encouraged
Introduction womentoemployment
of Employment
policies inject moneyand promoted
into the systemtinytobusinesses
encourageofMSMEs
NPA
ruralproblems
areas
. audits are more severe for PSU banks compared
National Rural Program. No regular by PSU
Jan hit the
raised ayogan to encourage
minimum wages ofsabka vikas campaign
labours Lesser
Sometimesvaluation
PSUby borrowers
have to take and
stakelack of riskbanks
in other resolves
as PCare
compulsary PF for unorganised sector's employees various loan waivers by government also lead to increase
Government has started make in india campaign which will attract m People have borrowed huge sums of money from PSUs a
MNREGA
1. NREGAfor provideRural
(National employment to theGuarantee
Employment rural sectorAct):
andTheGarib Kalyan
initiativePSUYo
1.taken
NPAbanks
by due
problem
the to government
government
is more severe aid
for and
to provide PSUs schemes
100 days
because of have to dl
employm
these
MGNREGA(Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee Act): Through MGNREGA Government ensured that thead
2. IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Program): The main objective 2.behind
It is difficult
this was
for PSUs
to identify
to maintain
the individuals
liquidity living
and NPAs
under BP
p
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana- Through this initiative the Government
As the PSU
ensured
Banks that
are cash
controlled
Employment Assurance Program - Under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee acts, workers are being given reaches by the
the poorest
Government,people the
so
Food Security Bill - Under this, government is providing food to the rural NPAhouseholds
problem is at morecheap
severe
prices
for which
the Public
has greatly
banks as helped
these
MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme) - A rural employment guarantee act
Direct benefit transfer to all the people who come below the poverty lPrivate banks are strict when it comes to document verific
Government
1. Minimum wage has digitised
law wasbankingpassed and ensured that there is asuch
is being implemented bankthat
ac
PSU banks
there is a have
minimuma higher
wage non performing
structure assets
for any mainlyord
employee
2. Subsidised goods are being provided to people who fall in the below poverty line index.
Pradhan
1) Pradhan mantri
mantri gramin awaasyojna:
jan awaas yojnaThis
- An scheme
initiativeaimed
to provide housing
at housing NPA
forf all. problem
This schemeis morehadservers
a targetforofPSUs
creatingbecause
a totalof
oflack of
20 lak
2) Jawahar Gram Samriddhi yojna: This scheme aimed at developingNPA ruralforareas,
PSU developing
banks becomes infrastructure
a problem and
because
spreading
these
awaba
The government has helped alleviate poverty by providing Universal H The NPA problem is more severe in PSU banks than Priva
The Government
1- Implement increased
policies thehelp
that will pension
poor and will pay wages to the la The percentage of NPA is greater for PSU banks than priv
2- Giving them employment through MNREGA
1) Distribution of free food grains to the people in the BPL category.
2)Gareeb
1. Providing loansYojna
Kalyan to thepeople
monetary in the
helpBPL category
to poor at subsidized interest
people rates. governance issues in many PSU banks
3. Corporate
2. Digitization of Rationing system which help effective use of rationing 4. Due the tight fiscal plan Government may not always re
MGNREGA, JDAY
15000
1. CR fund allotment
Redistribution of wealth for various sectors
in equitable terms. to help combat COVID induced PSU banks poverty.
have a liability towards the stakeholders as we
2. Subsidies for poorer
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna sections of the society This is so because the private banks keep higher check on
Mahatma Gandhi employment
1)MNREGA-Mahatma garunteeRural
Gandhi National act Employment Guarantee Act
2)SGRY-Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana Due to particularly looser restrictions and lenient terms of
Primeofminister
One kisan yojna,
the initiatives taken by Prime minister maketoincurb
the Government india campaign
poverty are JanPeople
Dhan prefer taking
accounts. loanswere
These fromintroduced
PSU banks under prime min
Another
1) MGNREGA initiative taken by theOpportunities
- Employment Government to curb poverty is the Aatmanirbhar Since the PSUs India are
initiative
usuallywhich
bailed
willout
reduce
of bankruptcy
India's depend
by the
2) Non Performing Assets are also termed as bad loans. The
National
1. NAREGA Rural Employement
schemes Program
in the rural areas which will provide them employment Due to more liberal lending policies in public sector banks,
2. Policies towards welfare of farmers Generally PSU banks gets more deposits from the custom
work than required.
1. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana and Housing
2.Pradhan
1. MahatmaMantri Gandhi JanNational Rural Employment
Dhan Yojana NPA problem is more severe in PSU banks as their lendin
2.Government
1. Pradhan Mantri hasAtal Pension
created Yojana
a below poverty line system where people in the BPL receive special aid from the government in ed
2. the PSU banks of India run mostly on the loans they provid
ng to less GNP
1. Providing rations at subsidized prices 1. Because while providing the loans the PSUs were more
2. Providing
One of the majorfree reasons
education forinpoverty
governmentin Indiaschools
is the unemployment. The 2. Fraudulent activities
skill development of the of
scheme employees in providing
India to prepare Lett
the workf
Another major initiative by the government was to provide housing toMajority the poorofsection
the banking
of India.
operations
By this initiative,
in the country
the governmen
are hand
National Rural Employment Programme (NREP), National food for w In a PSU, the loan policies are less strict and provision for
to a decreased per capita availability of resources and therefore it has a negati The NPA problem is more severe for PSU banks because
1. MNREGA
2.
1) Investment in healthcare, education Because of the larger amount of loans that are given out b
*2)
TheCreation of newsupports
Government jobs "Make in India" which would increase the Public manufacturing
sector banks
capacity
tendoftoIndia
give which
loans togives
larger
employment
portion of
* To support
Pradhan matrithejanPoordhanFarmers
yojna toofprovide
India PM theKISAN
poor withscheme wasincentivise
jobs and passedLesswhichsanctioned
pressure by bigshots
them moneywith for solar
contacts
energy
to lend
pannels.
loans so
The
1) ration card system to help the poor spend lesses on food grainsThe
MGNREGA etc compared
government to is
thevery
richinefficient, and they own a numbe
2) Establishing Minimum Support Price PSU banks tend to lend to people from poor background m
Pradhan mantri gramin awass yojana aimed at creating housing for eve Thee major reason for the NPA increasing is the bad loans
Developments
3) Jawahar Gram in education
Samriddhipolicy Yojana to improve
(NREP and the RLEGP,
literacy rate there bPrivate banks do not lend out loans to everyone and has a
merged)
4) Sampoorna
national Gramin Rojgaar
rural employment Yojana
programme NPA describes the financial performance of the banks and
rural landless
1. Jan Dhan Yojana employment guarantee programme factors which leads to increased occurrence of NPAs are e
2. Introduction
1) Initiative to double farmers'Pradhan
of the scheme income by 2024Rozgar Yojna
Mantri Because a large amount of PSU banks' debt has been gra
2)
Jan Dhan Yojana, subsidized ration. Non performing assets is more severe for PSU because th
MNREGA - 100
-Ayuhsman Yojna day employment
- Goverment to deposited
has anyone who asks amount
a fixed for it., else
intomoney
the bankswill be paid to below
of people them. Poverty Line to ensure cash flow a
-MNREGA - This initiative is to ensure employment for each and every person with a fixed income meeting certain requiremen
Pradhan of
Opening Mantri Jan Dhan
Jan Dhan Yojana,
Accounts for Beti Bachao
instant BetiofPadhao
transfer Money.
Distribution of free food grains to BPL families. PSU Banks have large corpus under the NPA category as
PmPradhan
1. jan dhanMantri
yojna,Jan Dhan Yojna Npa problem is more severe for the psu because they hav
2. Ayushman Bharat Yojna PSU banks has less stringent norms when it comes to disb
ountry's resources. It also leads to an increase in the country's non working
1. National rural employment program - which aims to boost job creation pop Theand NPAthusproblem is more
eradicate severe
poverty in PSU
in rural banks compared
areas.
2. Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana - which aims to provide easy credit Public sectortobanks
facilities people lend to investments
in rural areas. carrying higher ris
er of country1.
andPMthat helps Vikas
Kaushal with increase
Yojna in economic development
2. PM Sukanya Samriddhi Yojna
>2.MNREGA
NFBS (National
: a fixedFamily
no. ofBenefit
days inScheme) - this
a year that is a scheme
a labour whereat>the
is employed head
aThe
fixed
govt.of has
pay the family
a hugeofstake
a below poverty
in PSU and line family
its bad for is give
the ex
> Direct benefit transfers of food, money, cylinder etc >
pita income if it not met by similar increase in the income of a country. This pu The NPA problem became more severe for PSU Banks as
Rural Housing and Employment scheme

NREGA- it guarantees employment to rural population of the country.Non performing assets problem is more severe for PSU ba
1. MNREGA
mnrega scheme
- minimum 100which
daysoffers employment
of guaranteed paidtoemployment
people belonging to rural households .
gareebYojana-
Mudra awas yojna - subsidies
Government on low budget
is providing easy to homes for the
get small poor
loans because
to people whoPSUwantbanks
whichtake
helpssmaller collaterals
in opening and have
and running a le
of bus
Krishi Kalyaan Yojana- Introduced in budget of Feb 2019, this direct PSU's monetization
are muchscheme
largeraims
thanatprivate
providing
banks6000
so they
rs directly
have min
ent for consumer driven economies. The theory of demographic transition suggests that when the birth rates are high and death rates are lo
for the economy as in increases the workforce of the country. However if the rateNPA (non performing assests) are a greater problem in PS
Public
1) Distributiongramin
pradhanmantri Systemaras, Infrastructure development,
Yojana- leading Agricultural
to employment to civil Companies
site workersare most likely to borrow from PSU because o
2) PM Ujjawala yojana
1
1.MNREGA
Try to include the poor people in economy by enabling them to banking In india before 2016 the diclosure of NPA was less stringe
services
2. Create new policy for rural employment and raise minimum wage Because of lenient norms and lack of regulation the bad d
NPA occur more in the PSU Banks due to poor backgroun
Integrated Rural Development Program- It includes giving the people below poverty line those assets which can generate incom
xecuted keeping in mind
1. Provide Lowtheinterest
generalrate
trend of population growth. If the population growth exceeds the normal trends then it could have an a
2. Provide minimum supoort pruce. PSU are lending without proper research credit valuation.
ing population also grows
Pradhan which
Mantri adds more
Jan Dhan Yojnaresources.
- MinimumThisbankcan increase the ec Government of India offers subsidies and collateral free lo
balance
Sampurn
1. MGNREGA Gramin Rozgar atleast
: Providing Yojna -100 Work for of
days all guaranteed
in the rural sector Non performing
wage employment assets under PSU can hamper the revenu
in rural areas
2. Skill Development : Transforming
Constructing houses for the poor. rural workforce into skilled labor Because
to take upPSU
jobsbanks
in theare
organized
lesser vigilant
sector while extending loa
Giving subsidized essentials. Private banks are backed by solid cash reserves or invest
Jan DhanYojna
Manrega Yojnathat
thatguarantees
helps the rural population
job for a minimum by providing
number ofthem daysmon NPAs in PSU banks are compensated for by the governm
Subsidy on LPG gas provided by the government The amount owed to Not Performing Assets will be adjuste
o demand more of the same product. Since Demand rises, the supply rises and hence The interest
t amount collected to cover the asset is crucial
Government
1.National introduced
Rural skill development
Employment Programme program for youth
(NREP) aims from poor
to enhance category.
livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 d
2.Pradhan mantri Rojgar Yajona
National
NATIONAL Rural Employment
RURAL EMPLOYMENT Programme (NREP)
PROGRAM PSU are more exposed to risky investments and so accum
NEREGA- Providing min. no of days of employment to every citizen Private sector banks are more efficient and lend money to
ROZGAR YOJANA
Skill
1) India-various
Started Providing trainingforinthe
schemes specific domain areas to underprivileged
farmers Manysection
of PSUtohas make more
thempublic
industry
savings
ready.
when compare to p
2) Giving support to MsMe to grow Public Sectors Banks in India has the Big issue of Corrupt
JanMGNREGA
1. Dhan Yojana, Foodtofor
scheme work initiative
provide minimum employment opportunitiesBecause of the this
for everyone. lackmade
of regulatory norms
sure every and gets
person less employm
reserve
2.Vocational
1. Providing free ration
training and mid-day
is done to increasemealsthetoskill
poor families
set and their
of the people As
children
helping PSU
thembanks
in schools.
takeare
upowned
This takes
good by government,
payingcare of foodregulations
jobs. problem and willth
Direct transfer
2. Jawaharlal of cash
Nehru Rozgarto poor
Yoajan farmers in their accounts.
for employment NPA is worse for psu because they do not properly check
3.providing
1. Minimumfreewages laws to the underprivileged children
education NPA is more of a problem for PSU banks since they have
2.MNREGA
1. providing free
- Thiselectricity
initiativeto villagesguaranteed
provides which lack/cannot affordfor
employment electricity
100PSUdaysbanks have certain
to members restrictions
of a family when
in return it comes
for wages andto food
met
2. Startup India - This initiative was started to promote entrepreneurship NPAinisIndia
a majorandproblem
provide for
employment
PSU banks opportunities
because they to the
occup
Providing free ration and schemes to reduce unemployment The rate of interest for deposits is higher in PSU banks tha
its reduces the profitability
- Improve employment opportunities by giving incentives to compani Private banks might have large amounts of investment fro
MNREGA NPA - Non performing assets in PSU are more severe as
MNREGA, UJWALA YOJANA, Because the loans which are in NPA category for PSU ban
- MNREGA
Make in India which will increase the employment requirement. PSU are more focused on helping the citizens of a country
NAREGA Because they affect the government and which in turn hin
pment in negative manner. Because it requires more fund to meet the basic needs of the population which will increase the pressure on the
Pradhan Mantri Kausal Vikas Yojna (Skill Devepolment), Rural Em Easier to get loans, bound by govt schemes (eg, for farme
National Rural Employment Programme
1. Govt. increased the moeny allocated under MNREGA. 2. Govt. annNPA problems are more severe for PSU banks due to the
Nrega scheme
1. Pradhan thatGrameen
Mantri promisesSabha livelihood
Yognaby employment to the unemplNPA for psu banks means that the money of the common
2. Make in India
1. Prahdan Mantri Gareeb kisan yojna- This gives the rural farmers a transfer of 6000 per sowing season.
2. MNREGA- which was to provide employment opportunities to the NPA poor for
is public
a periodsector
of banks is higher due to lower efficienc
eople are engaged in a job work than required. Such kind of employment is also called as Hidden Employment. Eg- Farming
2. Make in India -it will ensure that indian people get employment, thus increasing their income levels and helps them getting o
Jawahar Rozgar Yogna and Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojna to boostLess empstringent credit checks and more lending to large org
1. Focusing
Under MNREGA morethe on government
MSME industries. will provide wages of minimum 100days and also increasing the number of people who can a
-Enabling
MGNREGA, poorapeople to take loanguarantee
rural employment and any default
scheme shock will betotaken
launched Theby due
provide the diligence for
government
employment while giving
rural Indiathe andloans
curbare lax in PSU ba
poverty
- Subsidized ration for the poor, in terms of
MNREGA: voluntary 100 days employment to those who need it food-grains and oils, delivered
This isbybecause
the PDS the
system
PSUs with
have food-grains
lend to a large
provided
extent
bytothela
Make in India - Indirectly increasing employment rate through job creation
Investment
1.) Moratorium increased, which allows people an expanded window to pay off their installments. of government money and have to be bailed o
2.) A decline
MREGA in the interest
: Providing employment rate charged by banks
to unskilled people. on loans, allows people to end with more money in their hands.
RURAL LANDLESS
MNREGA - Under thisEMPLOYEE
initiative the government provides employment to people below the poverty line.
Prime Minister
MNREGA: The Jan Dhan Gandhi
Mahatma Yojana National Rural Employment Guarantees Act aims to provide employment in the rural sectors o
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana aims to provide housing for the The rural
PSU poor
banksin India
or the Public Sector Unit Banks indulge in
Taken initiatives
National Medical to increase
Health Policy the literacy rates by the Shiksha prog Private banks can get acquired by another bank, but as fo
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
ources in a already scarce market. This causes the prices to go up. Also it leads Because PSU banks can give a larger amount of loan whi
Self employment
1. National programmes,Programme
Rural Employment promoting agricultural
(NREP) growth throughBecause of stringent third party verification and norms in p
2. Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) Because there is this belief that people can get away from
1. Providing housing facilities to people below the poverty line. Although it is a welfare scheme and might cause a burden to ex
2.MGNREGA
1. By providing for infrastructure push by creating ease of doing business NPA problem
and providing
is more more
severe
employment
for PSU banks opportunities.
as compared
2. LPG Subsidy The Public Sector Banks are often used by the Indian Stat
Pradhan
r of people and Mantri in
an increase JantheDhan
workingYojna, class population that have a positive contribution or NontoPerforming
NPA problem economy.
is worse for ItAssets
also
public issector
a serious
increases theconcern
banks for PS
consumption
as private b
elopment as seen in many african nations. PSU banks also have a lack of quality top management a
MGNREGA
eady scarce resources
g of a nations people. in the economy. With limited resources, this leads to high price rise of basic commodities as well.
c development as there will be more people whom needs will have to be catered with those limited resources available
1) The establishment
Improving the rural moneyof a public
lending distribution
process system: The governmentThe established
NPA problem a pdsistomore
ensure severe
that for
thePSU
basicBanks
food items
as compare
Encouraging Indian start ups, Vocal for Local
NREGA As public sector banks charge less interest rates as comp
Pay Commission to guarantee minimum wages.
MGNREGA
National - Employment
Rural Employmentsecurity Programmesfor the poor for a fix number of days PSUevery
banksyear
have at the
comparatively
minimum wages less accountability
rate to ensurewithin
theset
Subsidies on food to poor people NPA problem is more severe for PSU as people have a tru
UDAY
1. Direct cash transfers to people below poverty line to make sure they meet their basic needs.
2. Schemes like MGNREGA to provide 100 days of employment 1. Adequate credit history of the loan taker is not checked
Atmanirbhar Stimulus package, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna
1. Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP): eradicate rural pove Corruption allegation are more common with PSU banks -
Government
1. Healthcarelaunched
measuresschemes MNREGA and Mid Day meals NPA problem more severe for PSU banks because PSU b
2. Budgetary
Jan Dhan Yojana allocation
- Which of aims
fundstofor getBPL
the rural population in the online NPA problem
banking is more
system. serious
There in PSU
is direct is because
transfer of moneyof the op
direct
MNREGA - The government offers the promise of a job to any unemployed
MNREGA The PSU person
banksinhave rural heavily
India. Ifloaned
the jobout is not
to sectors
available,
which
the
Public
2. distribution
Employment systemfor people in rural areas.
schemes
3. Effecient
National Skillpublic distribution
Development systems
Mission: To through
pass skillration
to thestores and subsidies
un-skilled Private
labours on
forbanks
essential
better may have
items.more stringent policies while lend
job opportunities.
The initiative of the government Jan Dhan Yojna- to open accounts of all the citizens and income
MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employee Guarantee Act): To provide fixed give some so as to meet
amount in the bank
physiologica
accoun
Schemes for farmers- In the
1. Increase in incentives for rural India2020 budget, government announced giving
NPA ₹
problem
6000 to iseach
more farmer
severe in for
the PSUs
country,than now
private
this will
sector
in t
2. Better
PM KISANopportunities
Yojna for farmers in rural areas Since the government is majority stake holder in PSU ban
PM Jan Dhan Yojna PSU banks have government as their major share holder a
1. Introduction of NREGA
2. Food Subsidies NPA problem is more severe for PSU banks as compared
Annapurna and family benefit scheme

money to RBI rather than lending out risky loans. This helps to control the flow of mPSU banks have certain specific government regulations t
MNREGA
1. National Food Security Act The breeding inefficiency in the PSU's can contribute as a
2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana because private banks leverage the use of latest technolo
MGNREGA- The full form of MGNREGA is Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. Under this scheme, p
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Campaign,
increased
- Setting usemployment
multiple SEZin (Special
rural areas, minimum
Economic wagefor
Zones) rate
MNCs to setup Toplant
revive the economy the govt has flushed in money in th
- Giving maximum tax benefits to induce FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) With the fiscal deficit growing year on year, it will be tough
omic development of a
1. Giving country.Population
rations increase
to people below povertyleads
line to further distribution of resources like land, fossil fuels, etc. Also the competition
2. Giving economic reliefs to people below poverty line PSUs have the pressure by political people to give loans t
Subsidies
1) PM Jan and free
Dhan skill -upgradation
Yojna initiatives
This is an initiative wherein people belongingMajority of the population
to low income groups arehave their funds
provided accesswith the banking
to the PSUs.
2) Atal Beema Yojna - This is an initiative wherein people belonging NPA to lowproblem
income isgroups
more are
severe
provided
for PSU
insurance
banks because
plans at their
high
wth for population is higher than the rate of growth of the
1. Pradhan Mantri Yojanas such as Aawaas Vikas Yojana economy PSUs have a bigger problem than private banks in terms o
2. Funds to support farmers during the extreme weather conditions.
1)
1. In the covidgandhi
Mahatma times,national
the Government providedguarantee
rural employmen free food grains to th In Public
Act(MNREGA )- Thissector
was abanks,
scheme the NPA problem
started is more severe
by the government b
in ord
2.Pradhanmatri kisan samman nidhi yojana - This scheme was started in connection with the objective of doubling rural farmer
Government
Mahatma schemes
Gandhi to provide
National employment Scheme
Rural Employment Due to less stringent rules while giving loans
National Rural
JanDhan Health
- Focuses onScheme
personal saving by allowing easy accounts opening Corruption is high in PSU / no dedicated body to monitor
in banks
SkillIndia - works towards upscalling the skills of the workers inorder to prepare them for employment
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Vikas Yojana PSU banks lend to majority of the population and compan
Jan Dhan Yojana
- Increase in Minimum support price for farm produce Private banks are very profit oriented and hence, they do n
- Direct
Food for cash
work transfer in jan
- Increases fooddhan accounts
security NPAs are more severe in PSU banks as compared to the
Rural Housing (Pradhan Mantri gramin awaas yojna - Creating homes Because
for ruralthepoorhave citizens.
loose rules and regulation.
ment positively
Oneif initiative
the population is skilled
undertaken by theandGovernment
employed. However, if the population
to curb poverty growth
is the Housing forisallthat of unskilled
scheme designedindividuals
to providethen the growth
housing to theisu
Another
1. Mahatma initiative
Gandhiis the RuralRural
National Employment scheme
Employment Act(MGNREGA) which aims to provide guaranteed employment to the people
2. Government of India initiated the the scheme where good qualityNPA
The is more
education wassevere because
provided it effects
to children of with
India.trust of public
The Government of India initiated a scheme by virtue of which there The was percentage
a rapid increase of security
in the held
rate ofby employment
the PSU is much withinlesse
the
1. Pradhanmantri Kisan Yojana - to help poor farmers who are depriveB ecause of
Direct transfer of funds to the bank accounts to the people in the lower most bracket of Poverty. the less stricter restrictions and regulations
2. Skill development
MNREGA(2010)- program to help
An employment improving
guarantee the skills
scheme under of the poor NPA
the Ministry of problem
people,
2) Lack which
rural iscan
more
of development severe
assist
accountability themforinPSU
wherein, banks
securing
unemployed asworkers
compared
employment. are
Pradhan Mantri Garib kalyan Yojana(2016)-
enam scheme to direct bank transfer to farmers. Where the penalty put on
3)Lack
unaccountable
of efficiency money was used for welfare measures b
MGNREGA schemes to develop employment which will in turn help to NPAcurbproblem
povertyis situation where money lent by banks will b
us leading to growth in economic develpent. Public sector bank has to provide loans under governmen
mnrega,pradhan mantri jan dhan yojana because they have huge poor customer base
1) Absence of rotational policy in the board of directors of
PM Jan support
Income Dhan Yojana and PM Kisanbenefits
and unemployment Yojana for the poor class 2) Lower rate of interest in PSU banks, as compared to pr
Tax credits for people with low income.
MNREGA: The government operated scheme to provide employmentThe PSU
to thebanks
PSU haveare
unemployed
banks given out huge
people
generallyforwith loans
a minimum to institutions
the objective
of 100ofdays who
contribu
in a
MUDRA: Under MUDRA scheme, the government has taken initiativePrivate to promote
banks, MSMEson theby other
providing
hand, them
objective
withisthe
to loan
generate
facili
Jan Dhan Yojana, kalyan Yogana In Govt bank the working style would be different. There a
Jawahar Rozgar Yojna, Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojna
lopment because of finiteness of resources. As the population rises, less recources are to be distributed amongst higher population.
Pradhan mantri rozgaar yojna to provide employment
MNREGA NPA problem is more severe in case of PSU banks becau
Pradhanmantri
1) jan kalyan
In the latest budget, GOIyojna
increased the daily wages to RS 207 fromIt earlieris moreRS severe for PSUs
197 under because the liability of the loss
MANREGA
2) Pension scheme for people employed in unorganised sector because high NPA level not only hampers the financial po
and also not given much work therefore customers looses trust in the public bank which
lities and resources. It slows
1) Direct Bank Transfereconomic development but also provides large human capital to the country which will be beneficial in the long
2) Employment to Poor People PSU banks easily give out Loans, No proper collateral tak
National rural employment program
ration distribution system PSU banks have a more liberal lending policies and terms
The government
1. Pradhan MantriisJan
providing employment for a part of the year to theThe private sector banks are more profitable and compete
Dhan Yojana
2. National Skill
PM jan dhan Yojana Development initiative NPA
Becauseproblem is more
of political severe for PSUs since the majority o
favouritissm.
Ujjwala
1. Make scheme
in India is an initiative to increase the manufacturing sector toNo strict procedures.
generate employment in the country.
2. Redistribution
1) Jan Dhan Bank of accounts
land along with Pradhan Mantra krishi Kalyaan Lackyojana
of regulations
involving direct
and accountability
cash transferistothethereason
farmersfor mo
2)Pradhan
1) Skill development programs
Mantri Kaushal Vikas forYojana
the rural youth It is an initiative to standardize and recognize skills and develop these skills
(PMKVY):
2) Ayushman Bharat: Recognizing the need for affordable healthcarePSU banks
in the usually
country, have lower
Ayushman interest
Bharat ratesonand
focused larger pe
providing 4
MNREGA : In this government provides rural people with employmentPSU banks generally give loans to government and gover
Pradhan
1.Free Mantri Kisaan
education Yojana : till
for all students The goverment
class 8 provides subsisdiesNPA
to theisfarmers
a severe problem for PSU banks as concerned to p
2. Distribution of ration to BPL families
1. MGNREGA- guarantees employemnent opportunities to the underprivileged sector in the country.
2. MSP to farmers- When demad fails, Government buys farmers crops PSUatbanks always faceminimum
a predetermined political interference.
support priceCertain corru
to protect fa
heir contribution stands nil towards the final productivity
ncome. Per capita
Directincome
moneyrefers to the in
transferred GDP
the of the country
accounts of thedivided
peopleby the total population. It shows the amount of available resources per pe
-Various
Education schemes
for all to boost the economy NPA stands for non performing lons. NPA problem is more
- Integrated Rural Development Programme: The aim of the program is to provide employment opportunities to the poor as we
1.
2. Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana: Creation of demand- driven village infrastructure including durable assets for increasing th
to lower available per capita

1) Pradhan Mantriincome. It would
Garib Awas lead to
Youjna: In higher demand
this scheme and a sl focuses
government Slow economic growth
on providing and to
houses inefficient legislation
indian rural poor and increa
2) Aayushman Bharat youjna: This scheme provides a heath care facility to low income families
The one scheme of the government is the one nation one card scheme which will provide a direct channel for of country with
thepackage of 5 L
direct benefit
The national rural employment scheme also gives employment to theThe underprivileged
condition is more
sections
severe
of the
for society
the PSUand banks
which
is that
grants
it h
PM Gareeb Kalyan Yojna, in which a fixed amount is transferred to the Hence
bankPSBs
accounts
haveofhigher
members
NPAs of than
BPL Private
families.Sector bank
Rural
1. housing, -increase
MGNREGA the been
This is has minimum wage
one of the rate NPA by
highly implemented initiatives
NPAs problem
have is more
the been
government severe
a problem for
overfor
the PSU
the banks
years.
indian because
National
banking rural they
system
emp
2. IRDP - Here, the government provides the poor with assets which might Publicgenerate
banks haveincome
comeinunder
the future.
a greater scrutiny for givin
Minimum Support price(MSP): MSP is the minimum price the governme The NPA problem is more severe for PSU Banks because
One initiative would be in terms of Budget 2020, which Government ex PSU banks cannot sell off the non-performing assets to th
provide people with 2lakh rs for developing their own house, providi PSU banks are backed by govt so it leads to govt reputatio
ds and services. Hence this leads to increase in sales, leading to increased profitabPSU Banks loan book on an average already has higher N
ent opportunities can hamper the Economic development of a country. Since there is no skilled labor or Jobs available the poverty ratio incr
atetodemand
es for goods in the economy. Population growth leads to increase in demand which would drive up the supply. This leads to incre
the people
erly can leadNREP
to increased development
RLEGP mantri jan dhan yojna
pradhan because PSU banks can lend more than private sector ba
Pradhan mantri kisan yojna The problem of non performing assets are more severe fo
Sampurn gramin rozgar yojana, jawahar gram samridhi yojana NPA destroys the financial soundness of the banks. The In
1.The Direct Benefits Scheme has been improved providing minimumNPA
More focus has been laid to education in rural areas by improving and problem
opening
funds new
to moreis account
more severe
schools for efficiently.
there.
holders PSU banks as PSUs are
2.Increased the capacity of MGNREGA allocations , which would help PSU
poor
banks
people
generally
acquireprovide
jobs andloans
secure
to failing
an income.
sectors/indus
MNREGA and Integrated Rural development Program The NPA problem will pose a bigger problem for PSUs tha
d and expenditure
the mainincreases which are
two initiatives leads to more
creating cash
jobs byflow
skill in the and
india economy. But
make in at the same time, employment is usually not generated at t
india
and second is increasing minimum wage the main reasons for this are their liberal credit policies an
jan dhan yojna
MGNREGA: and gareeb
Mahatma kalyan
Ganndhi yojna by
National which
Rural every one Guarantee
Employment opened a2.bank
Act, account
The this
management,and subsidy
provides minimum are
especially
100directly
topdays transfered
management,
of employment to Priva
of their
for
DCT: Direct cash Transfer to the bank accounts of people adversely impacted 3. The is huge
by thenexus
Covid19.
between
(alsotheaccompanied
Politicians, by
Businesses
the free g
Jan dhan Yojna
1. MNREGA- Forand PMGKY
providing jobs for 100 days to the rural population inThe off lending
season criteria in PSBs
times,i.e., are followed
non-agricultural less stringently th
periods.
2. Opening up of Sarv Shiksha Abhiyaan schools across urban
1) Pradhan Mantri Krishi Kalyan Yojna: For helping farmer by providing and rural
PSUs areas
Governmentgive so
higher
them assistance that amount
people
has majority are
of
in buying loans
educated
of shares to
fertilizer,the
seedspoverty
and
companies
in PSU's and is
and
etc. whereasredt
2) Pradhan
Direct Money Mantri Manrega
account Yojna:
transfers Guaranteed
to the poor. employment to rural people
This tendfor to
120shift
days
of economic
in year which
resources
has beenformincrease
developmento 20
Providing employment opportunities to the poor. NPA problem is more severe for PSU banks compared to
NREGA - Mahatma Gandhi Employment Guarantee Act 2005, is an Indian labour law and social security measure that aims to
MGNREGA
1. and Skill
Pradhan Mantri JanIndia
Dhan Yogna Public banks are more welfare oriented as the give loans t
2. MInimum
Mahatma Wage100
Gandhi Actdays employment scheme
1.Income
MNREGA tax slab changes
to increase employment which would provide income to NPA is more
families severe Poverty
BPL(Below for PSULine)
banksand because of the
help them govern
climb up
2. Providing subsidiary to people who need help with their small scale businesses or occupations. Ex- Farmers
when it requires the work of 2 people, then 3 people are disguised unemployed. NPA banks are subjected to responsibility of social welfare
PMDJY-
Pradhan Pradhan
Mantri Jan Mantary Dhan -Jan
Dhan Yojna An Yojana
initiative by the GOI to foster employment to the weaker sections of the society.
Krishi rail - An initiative by the GOI, to introduce railway coaches to transport perishable goods produced by the farmers, ensur
Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana
National Old Age Pension Scheme
pulation. The1.improvement opportunities
Stimulus packages are to
promised depleted
MSMEswhich results
in order in many
to keep socioeconomic
operations running whichissuesshall
like help
poverty, high unemployment
in maintaining jobs of therates,
unedu i
2. MNREGA
Annapurna was setmeals
- provide up in order to provide
to senior citizensevery citizen in
who cannot need
take carewithPublic
100
of-People days
Sector
themselveswillofloose
employment
Banks areonmore
trust (minimum)
PSUlenient
banks.every
in theiryear.
loan policies
Pradhan
The Mantri Gramin
employment Awaas
act ensures 100Yojana-
days ofproviding
assured housing
employmentfor everyone -Deficit
to daily wage will increase
earners in construction or labor intensive industry
The
1. minimum
Pradhan wage
Mantri Janhas alsoYojana
Dhan been increased to Rs. 202 for daily wage earners.
2.Mid-day
1. PradhanMeal
Mantri Sabka saath sabka vikas Yojana
Scheme NPA problem
Since, PSU banks moreare severe
ownedfor by
PSU banks because
government, thesethe NP
NPAs
2. MNREGA Whereas in private banks, only shareholders of that bank
MGNREGA
1) Pradhaanscheme
Mantri Jan to provide guaranteed
Dhan Yojana employment
- Government to poors,
aimed JanDh
at providingNPA for PSU
financial banks is
services to more severesection
the weaker because PSU's
of the are ba
economy
2) Waiving off loans
One Nation One Ration Policyfor farmers - Maharashtra government recently waived off loans worth more than 1 lakh crores of farmers
JAN DHAN Yojna Beacause PSU has a larger user base compared to privat
ative facet to it. It ensures an increase in the workforce of an economy but only if the population is able. Since being able is a factor, the emp
Provide Education and Jobs PSU banks lent funds to political parties and influential peo
Support to the agriculture industry to reduce poverty. MNREGA scheme to provide minimum wages to the workers and make th
economic development. As theDhan
1. Pradhan Mantri baseJanof per capita income increases, it falls and tPSU are run by public bodies and have less independence
Yojana
2. MNREGA Because
This causes the percentage
PSU banks of to NPA
sufferforfromPSUsnonofprofessional
the total asse
m
The Government
Prime also launched
Minster's Jandhan SchemeNational
has been Healthcare.
sued to openThisbank
would provide
account PSU health
for banks services
the poor also
sohave to the
that a degree
theypoor and
of political
receive reduce
their control
their expenses
benefits inover the
an org
Prime Minsters's Kisaan Rail Yojana ensures transportation of goodsPSU withbanks
low shelfare life
owned by the government hence there is g
velopment in-ThebothGovernment
ways. If it is an already highly populated country, then
in the union budget has ensured sufficient allocationincreas PSU
-Cost banks
of funds
of loans have
to the government
aremarginalized
lesser in terms as their
section
of PSU highest
of the stakeholder
Banks,
population.
making t
-Government has introduced flagship schemes like MGNREGA
- Increasing farmer incomes through direct transfers in their bank accounts to provide
- PSU employment
banks cater opportunities
to the marginalized
to the
- the NPA problem reduces the risk appetite of banks rural
section
population
of the popu
and
- Jan Dhan Yojna to extend financial inclusion to rural and remote areas - In so
order
thattothey
bail have
out PSU access
banks,to financial
the government
institutions
needs
and to
fu
e declines. The consumption Expenditure increases even though the income remains Because PSUs have liberal credit policies as compared to
MNREGA
d as higher the and more
population Integrated
will beRural Development
the resources Programme
needed by the country
t in high economic growth due to cheap labor where more FDIs are possible
s and services being initiative
Another produced. The demand
government tookwill
wasriseproviding
but the supply
Rs6000 willfornot
allbe
thebe able toincatch
farmers up. Resulting
the country in poor well being of people.
every year.
Government also provides free ration and other things to each familyCurrently which liesbanksin below
in India
poverty
haveline.
a large NPAs on their books
1- It will lead to disruption in cash flow for bigger projects tha
atdevelopment.
the same rateHighly
as theproductive
population,cities like NY,
therefore Tokyo and
increasing theLondon have a high
unemployment rate.c To cover the losses tax money has to be pumped in to kee
in population1.increases the strain
MUDRA Loans: on them.
Small There
ticket size will be
loans increase
meant in demand,
for people to startbut The
supply
their NPA
Because
own mayproblem
not increase
businesses.
of is moreatcontrol
Decentralised severe
the same forPSU
in PSU
rate.banks,
banks
Therethebecause
willloan
be aa
2. Direct Benefit Transfer schemes for the poor like Jandhan Accounts, Also,
Krashi
the recollection
Kalyan etc. from PSU banks is less stringent tha
To curb poverty
NREGA schemegovernment has introduced various schemes and skilNPA problem is more severe for PSU Banks because of th
Jan sandhan yojana
NREGA
Indira
1) Niwas -Yojana
MNREGA It is aimed to provide guaranteed work to the rural people 3) Stronger
to provided organisational
a dependable mechanisms
income source and provide w
2) Self-Help Groups- A group of people get together to form a group and 4)
2) Technological challenge banks
Faster
avail credit
responsefacilities
to market
from changes to invest in their work
PM Garib Kalyan Yojna, MNREGA
1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act( increase 3) Less
3. Most efficient
in MNREGA
of PSU bankshoursare allowed)
making very less or no profit. D
2. Free food
NABARD scheme
which initiated
is a rural by center bank
development for 3 which
monthsindirectly
through curbs
rationthe
card.
4.poverty
Government
Also Aadharalreadylinked looking
ration sotothatdis-invest
any member
its stake,
canhigh
wi
Minimum
PM Jandhan basic wage,increases
Yojana: Employment and skill
financial development
inclusion initiatives
and enables Directwhich
NPA are
Benefithelpmore
in earning
Transfersevere basic
problem
of subsdies wages
byforthe
PSU
and eradicating
banks as compare
government. poverty
Annadata Antayodaya Yojana: Provides subsidised food supplies to Public peopleSector
living below
Bankspoverty
engageline.more in lending money to sec
1. MNREGA PSU banks have lent much more by volume as compared
2.Enroll
1. Cookingthegas subsidyunknown people into the government schemesMoreover,
previously the moratorium
so as to provide grantedrelief.
them economic by RBI for loan repaym
2. Give more preference to make in india and development of skill for the majority of the population
ment as more resources will be required to serve the growing population and results in faster depletion of resources. It also reduces the av
1. Providing jobs under government scheme
The Government has created National Skill Fund which will provide ba NPA problem is much higher in PSU banks as they are mo
e will be no decrease in output if they are laid off. NPA problem is more severe in PSU Banks because they
The MNREGA
Jawahar Rozgarscheme
Yojna of the government of India to provide a fixed ten
A Non-Performing Asset of a PSU bank is harder to sell th
rural employment guarantee program Various corporates got loans from PSU banks through the
MNREGA: scheme to provide atleast 120 days of employment to eacNPAs are worse for PSU Banks than Pvt banks because t
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna
Provide better employment opportunities to the youth by an initiative PSU
that is
banks
in favour
haveofa entrepreneurs.
far more diverse portfolio than the priva
New schemes like Jan Dhan Yojana, Krishi Vikas Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Grameen Awaas Yojna: This initiative was launched with an intent to provide housing to everyone.
Annapurna yojna: This initiative was launched to provide food grains to elderly people who cannot take care of themselves.
ect on aggregate production.
1) Generation of road construction projects and providing jobs 1) Increasing NPA in PSUs lead to increase in loans(liabili
2) Provide subsidy and services under MNREGA policy 2) The provision for bad debts included in the balance she
MGNREGA - Provide seasonal employment to poor, to give them a source of income when farm income is not possible.
MGNREGA - providing guaranteed employment or unemployed allo PSU banks are the govt banks and if the NPA rises it affec
National
1.jan dhanFamily
yojan Benefit
to provide Scheme
direct (NFBS).
monetary It transfer
was started
fromingovernemt.
August 1995 Some andofprovides
the factors a sum of ₹20,000
leading to the increased
to a person occurrence
of a familyo
2.
1)Government frequently provides loan waivers and subsidies to marginalized farmers.
2)Goverment frequently provides basic commodities like rice, wheat In to case
thoseofinPSUs,
need. the government will have to inject money
ady scarce resources. Per capita availability will reduce. Thus reducing the consu NPA problem is more severe for PSU banks as compared
required. If the population was less like the U.S then the money spent per head on because
e PSU banks are state own banks and it has a larg
Free Education : Free and compulsory education is provided to all the NPAschildren
for PSU
which banks
leadsare to usually
their development.
more severeand than thus
thelead
pri
Govt.
1. Lowissued
amount theof1.7 lakh crore
interest leviedrelief
on the fund for demographic
rural COVID. It hasresidents
been trying its best to attract Foreign Direct Investments by easing
2. "A job for all" initiative which provides job to all skill workers or an unemployment allowance
Pradhan
eads to increase Mantri for
in demand Gram Jan Sevak,
products, ATALleading
therefore Niti Aayog
to economic development.
sing power leads to a fall in demand for different categories of products therefore PSU leading areaway
backed from byeconomic
Government development.
Policies to provide loans
Jan Dhan Yojana - Government has opened adhar linked bank accounts.
1. MNREGA- which provides constant source of income through jobs.
2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana Because PSU banks haven't been profitable which adds to
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana and
NREGA-National Rural Employement Guarantee Act Gareebi Hatao Yojana are two Private sector banks have stricter norms for allocating loan
PMJDY- Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
MNREGA
JAN DHAN YOJANA PSU banks work on government fundings
hat for the same growth inisthe
Government country's
providing GDP the per
guaranteed capita income
employment of 100ofdays
the peop NPAunemployed
for all the problem is more people severe
in ruralforareas
PSU through
banks asMahathma
the governG
Government has initiated Mid day meals program to encourage education
1)MNREGA PSU banks in the provides
low income thegroups
credits which
on thehelpsdiscretion
to crubof povert
govern
2) Atma Rural
National NirbharEmployment Guarantee Act (NREGA)-It provides employment Non Performingguarantee asset is more
to the severe for
unemployed PSU workers.
a rural banks as co
Pradhan
1. NABARD- Mantri
Under Awas thisYojana-
schemeThis the scheme
the govermentprovides housescredit
extends to the
tohomeless
PSU
Politicalbanks people
the farmers,MSME have or
Influence- a Because
risky
people
and loan
smallhaving
ofportfolio
kuccha
borrowers
political as they
houses.
influence
at havethemore
reasonable intep
public
2. Rajeev gandhi Skin in the game- Because public banks are owned by the
d for infrastructure, goods and services. Availability of factors of production such as labour and entrepreneur goes up and there can be an in
Rupay
1. Cards have
MGNREGA scheme beentolaunched.
provide 100 Linking
days of Aadhaar card
employment with ration
to especially PSUs
1.unskilled
Risingtend to provide
number
labour in loans
ofrural
government to a lot
household. ofAfter
approvedgovernmental
100
stalled
days, comp
projects
if emp
PM Vikas
2. Pay Yojana to provide skill training to unkilled youth to make 2.
packages themLargeemployable.
number of defaults are taking place in PSUs than
3. Pradhan
1) MNREGA Mantri Jandhan Yojna - in this scheme account open for every citizen wherein poor directly get benefited as money
2)Pradan Mantri Ujjawala Yojna . In this government decided to giveGross 1 cylinder
NPAfree as ainpercentage
every month of for
total
poors.
loans is higher incase
MNREGA- to give loans and increase self employment
MNREGA and Kisan Vikas Yojna were two targeted schemes.
c development as, most of the times it leads to an increase in demand for the same As PSU are controlled by the government, and usually hav
stments, purchasing and thus taxation. Thus more money flows into the economy.
P means the decrease in the GDP per capita of the economy. GDP per capita shows the amount of money contributed by the total populati
Creating A Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) that helps give There j is more chance of their being poor governance and
NPA is non performing assets. The loans that could not be
Pradhan
1) MANREGA Mantri Fasal Bima
- mahatma Yojana:
gandhi Its is rural
national to provide cushionguarantee
employment to farmers The
isinaNPA
case
schemeisthehigher
crop
whichforisprovides
destroyed
PSU banks or than
doesnt
employment private
give banks
the require
to needy sinc
peop
2)
1- Pradhan Mantri aawas Yojna 2 - PSU's never disclosed there NPAs untill Raghuram Ra
2- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna 3- Lack of willingness in other companies to deploy cash
y to increase supply. Hence growth in economy. 1 PSU banks will have less interest rate and most of govern
city to increase supply. Hence it could hinder the growth
(1) Revisiting the MNREGA initiative of 100 days of employmentin economy. - The background checks of private banks are thorough.
(2) An educational scheme where women from poor background will be educated to become engineers, with a scholarship am
Direct Transfers
Pradhan Mantri Jan andDhanreduction
Yojna in-lending
it is an rates to lower
initiative whereincome
everyonepeople.
has to open an account and the government will directly sen
Pradhan
Jan dhan Mantri
yogna Krishi Sahay Yojna - This initiative was to help farmers because
to help
Audits ofthem
issues the policies
financially andtolack
clearin their
transparency
loans
Manrega Loans given to even to more people who may not have th
MNREGA Provides
-MREGA- scheme, Compulsary
employment education
to poor for 100 days per year. PSU's have a higher NPA. NPA for PSU is the money lost
-Direct
1. DirectBenefit Transfers-
bank transfers to Cuts the corrupt
increase middlemen
the purchasing andoftransfers
power the ruralgovernment
Because
household. PSU aidinvest
money in directly
obsoletetogovernment
the bank accountsindustriesof the
an
2. Allow the farmers to sell their produce directly to the customers and NPA business households.
1. National Old Age Pension Scheme
2. Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana PSU banks generally give larger loans to industries - whe
PSU banks also give more loans to small businesses whi
PM-NREGA, is an initiative which provides 100 days of employment to
Private Banks main objective is to earn higher profits and
he Economic1.development.
National ruralAs the increase
employment in population
scheme, which means
providesincreased size to
employment of the
market,more consumer
poor and thereby and more
increase theirwork force.so
incomes But this
that doe
they
2. Food security act, to provide food to all poor families at very less rates
PSU banks have investments directly from the account ho
MGNREGA, Pension
2)Minimum needs Schemes
program: whereas Private banks have investors backing them up w
It was
1) launched
PRADHAN to provide basic minimum
MANTRIGRAMINN needs and improve the living
AWAAS YOJANA It is standards
more severe for PSU banks because of more trust of c
of people.
JAWAHAR ROZGAR YOJANA/ JAWAHAR GRAM SAMRIDDHI YOJANA
n of economic resources. Since resources are always scarce, the price of those will start to rise, making it difficult for the poor to sustain. Al
NREGA(national rural employment
1. Employment Programs gurantee has
- The government act),launched
JGSY(Jawahar
severalgraNPA
employmentproblem more severe
programs for PSU and
like MNREGA banks compared toRojg
Pradanmantri pr
2. Agricultural Programs - Since a large part of the country is employed in the agricultural sector, government programs to help
MNREGA, National Rural Emplyment Program PSU banks have more NPAs than Private banks as the loa
Jawahar rozgar yojna One of the reasons is their asset quality because even the
the population
1. Pradhan mantri jan dhan yojna (PMJDY)
2. MNREGA
MNREGA- (giving employment
Mahatma in rural
Gandhi National areas)
Rural Employment Gurantee Act
JRY-
1. Jan Jawahar Rozgar Yojana
Dhan Accounts: Citizens below a certain level of income are given NPA
1. PSUin PSUs
zero banks is
balancearehigher
kept because
bank afloat withPSUs
accounts lack efficiency
throughout
tax money in thth
the country
2. Aayushman
MGREGNA Bharat scheme: A pan india free insurance scheme for
2. the
India
underprivileged
already has a with
higha fiscal
cover deficit,
of upto with
5 lakhs
moreupon
tax mo
ho
The Mahatma
Minimum Wage Laws Gandhi Rural employment guarantee scheme has been
The vital
NPA in providing
issue is more
minimum
severe fixed
in PSUs
number because
of days
ofofthe
work
lac
Negative Income Tax
MANREGA
Redistribution of land and wealth
1. MNREGA - which provides assured employment for a certain number PSuofbanks
days havea yearvery less accountability when it comes to
2. Rural housing project which helps poor to live in concrete houses It inisturn
because
improvingPublic thesector
hygiene
bank's
theydebt
live in
collection module i
and puts strain on national resources in terms of food, water and shelter which can cause inflation. This further increases the poverty level,
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Vikas Yojana and the Atmanirbhar are few1.
2. NREP Itofnegatively
Corruptionimpacts
in granting the loans
profitability for PSU and the finan
National Rural Employment Programme
1. The GOI in way to curb poverty, came with Jan Dhan Yojana. 2. Less stringent credit score considerations
2. The GOI has also come up with initiatives
Annapurna - provides food to the senior citizens to upskill the poor people
The andNPA thenproblem
created isjob
moreopportunities
severe for and
PSUforums
banks for
compare
them.
Jawahar
Jan KalyanGram
YojnaSamriddhi Yojna - to develop rural india by building roads and other infrastructure
Rajiv Gandhi Gareeb
-NREGA-Prevent Vikas Yojnaby providing 100 days of work in a year
unemployment PSU are indicators of economy and the government thus
-MSP- to provide ration to the BPL households at subsidised prices Government is the owner of Public sector banks and thus
Krishi
1. TheKalyaan Yojnastarted paying the people below poverty level a fixed amount of money directly to their accounts so that bas
Government
2. Subsidies in food grains and other essential items to ensure that the people dont face food related issues and could save so
1) Jan Dhan Yojana 2) MNREGA
MNREGA
Pradhan
1. NationalMantri Awas Yojanaprogram
rural employment Government is trying to accelerate growth in our country. S
2. Jawahar rozgaar yojana
1 - Financial inclusion - ensuring that everyone has a bank account
2 - Subsidies for rural workers, and depositing money in the banks ofNPA all farmers,
is more etc severe for PSU's as compared to Private ban
duction capacity of an economy, given that their were surplus opportunities with a deficit in available labour capital. But in case the situation
omic development sincecompulsory
1) Created the numbereducation
of earnersfor
remain same and numbers of depNPA is the Non-Performing assets which lead to bad loans
children
2) Invested in developmental projects to create employment NPAs are more problem for PSU as compared to Private B
NREP, RLEGP
ange in GDP 1)toMGNREGA:
change in population
Guaranteed is employment
high. When there
for a is a growth
number in population,
of days there ispeople
for unemployed a larger human workforce, capable of enabling
1. Krishi Jan Dhan Yojana : Government of india has organised various schemeshave
2) Subsidy Benefits: such as Ujjwala yojana, rashan schemes etc. PSU banks to follow
to support theGovt. advice
farmers to country.
of the lend to sectors f
2. Pradhan mantri
1. Jan Dhan Yojana rozgar yojana : To provide employement opportunity
In PSU
to the
banks,
people.It's the responsibilty of the government to p
The kill development
2. Encouraging FDIs initiative declared by Prime Minister Narendra NPAs
Modior non - performing assets pose a greater problem i
3. Pradhan
1) Encouragement for Dhan
Mantri Jan entrepreneurship
Yojna
2) Krishi Udaan The NPA problem is more severe for the PSU banks comp
The government has launched employment program under MGNREGA NonwhicPerforming Assets(NPA) are higher in PSU banks pri
Proividng empolyment through MNREGA Scheme and Training and SAs most of the PSU's are having government ownership, t
- Jan Dhan Yojhna The NPA problem is more severe for PSU banks as the PS
- Manrega As
Integrated rural development program : This is to pull families below poverty PSUline
5) Top areby
levelthe ones which
management
creation are governed
of opportunities
represents forby the governm
bureaucrats
self-employmen
and no
AWAAS Yojana : the housing for scheme by government of India aims 6) at
lending
providing
spreea pack Makan to people especially targetin
MGNRE Private Banks have a different culture, are more focused o
ment in either a positive or negative way. We can look it in a way as the population increases, the demands of the goods and services will in
The Government
National has launched
Rural Employment several policies
Programme (NREP)to increase employmeThe NPA problem is more severe for PSU because in the
Food for Work Programme
Initiation ofRural
Integrated schemes pertainingProgramme
Development to farmers and low-income groups Private banks are generally more rigid (Collateral and othe
Jawahar
1. Raise inRozgar
minimumYojana
wages Non-Performing Assets problem is more severe for PSU b
2. Unemployment
One benefits
Nation One Ration- provided
This is for the migrant workers mainly, which means that people can access their rations from any ratio
Jan Dhan Yojana- This is for opening up of bank accounts even in the One reason
rural areasfor
somore NPAs of PSU
that government banks isand
subsidies thataids
manycanPSr
population means
Jan Dhan more production
Yojana activities
- Under be it infarmers
this scheme, terms ofand
agriculture, industrial
people from demand
rural India were able to open bank accounts and deposit their
100% FDI- Foreign Direct Investment will lead to more companies investing PSU banksin India.
are more
This will
pronebring
to NPA
in more
problems
cash inside
because
the cou
of t
er resourcesProvidng
which has an adverse
& creating more impact on economic
emplyment development
opportunities Lack ofin
through various projects checks
order and balances
to help the poorin and
PSUunemplyed
banks leadpeople
to higher
to
Ration
1) Card
Ration based
Cards subsidised
- This is a very and free food availability
old government initiative in
in order
whichhelp Because
the ration
it gives poor aandPSU
blowe
cards having
poverty
major
to people line
belowlosses
class
BPLdueto sustain.
so to NPAs
that their will auto
necess
2) MSP- Although Minimum Support Price is only applicable to farmers, PSUbut banks
farmers
are do
owned
comprise
by government
of a majorandchunkin the
of poor
interest
peop
o
1. Food for work scheme 2. Old age pension scheme

Ayushman
National bharat
Rural Employment Programme Because PSU banks are liable to give loans to farmers, la
Jawahar Rozgar Yojna Rising NPA has reduced profits of PSUs on great scale lea
ble resources due to more demand
The Pradhan mantri jan dhan yojana is an initiative by the government to curb poverty. Under this scheme, digital transfers of m
The MNREGA initiative also aims to reduce poverty by attempting toThe offerinterest
employment
rates atto which
the rural
PSU population
banks offer of India.
loans is lesse
Pradhanmatri
Pradhan MantriJan dhan
Fasal yojnaYojana
Bhima
Krishi Udaan
1. Relief through the tax structure - The government gives the relaxation to not pay taxes up to a certain limit. Poverty is curbed
2. Agricultural
One inputs-
initiative would beThe
the government
minimum wages also law,
works in towards uplifting the
which government The
has farmers
NPA problem
by providing
proposed is more
to all them
severe
employers with
tofor
agricultural
payPSUtheirbanks
inputs
compare
employees anda bm
Another is giving subsidy in most of the daily use items like LPG gas, diesel, Housing etc such that the poor people are also ab
1) Generation of jobs where the fixed wage is paid to the laborers. The NPAs or Non performing assets are the ones that hav
eNAM, Jan Dhan Yojna NPA problem is more severe for PSUs because of their le
2. Reduce in price of daily needs and essentials.
3. Alteration in Minimum wages PSU
1) Highbanks are less
amount lendedefficient in maintaining
to corporates withoutand managing
proper verific
1) National Mantry
1)Pradhan Rural Employment
Awas yojna-Program
Gramin (NREP) 2) High corruption in PSU Banks compared to Private Ban
2)Make inmore
Providing Indiaemployment
to attract investors
schemes fromfordifferent
unemployed partspeople
of the world to increase
and also employment
guaranteeing minimum and hence
wage decrease
under poverty sche
the MNREGA
DBT - Direct Benefit Transfer which transfers all the amount directly to the account of the beneficiary to avoid any form of corru
and hence more supply in the market which will boost the overall economy. Also,Most i of the private banks have stringent credit quality requ
ay the scant Make
resources available leading to poor distribution overall and hence impacting per capita incomes, employability etc.
in India
Skill India Movement PSU banks have higher chances of corruption
Employment Scheme and incresing minimum wages Government has stake in PSUs
have to focus on boosting job creations. Majority would remain unemployed due to Because
la of their liberal credit policies and loose terms and
2. Udaan scheme
Bhamashah card- To - This
helphas helped
women within any
semigovernmental
skilled workers to further Now
scheme/subsidy find employment,
for PSU'sAlso
directly. combined
which
it helps will
withhelp
cover debtin and
the reducing
with no
medical poverty
money flo
expenses of
Pradhanmantri Jandhan Yojana- To allow poor people to access banks Nonand Performing
other financial
Assetsinstitutions
are a greater to open
threatbank
to PSUs
accounts
as coa
Jan dhan Yojana, Food for work
a income; overdependency on the natural resources of the country; increase in unemployment due to rise in the proportion of dependent po
1-Jan dan yojana
Pradhan
1. National Mantri
rural Jan Dhan Yojana
employment which is a financial inclusion sche Corruption
program Incase of PSU and banks
Chronythe Capitalism
sanctions of loans are mostly of
2. Employment assurance scheme
1. Minimum Wages Act, 1948: it ensures minimum wages for particular employments As the total no.of private banks are less than the total no.
2. The Skill India campaign: candidates are allowed to get themselves
nomy due to the increase in non tax-paying citizens. After the individuals reach tax paying age, Private
enrolled
banksfor the
have demand for jobsprogrammes
skill
more
generation
efficient operations
increases, through
setnecessa
not up whic
in di
esources and opportunities, it can contribute towards a positive impact on economy.
1) Pradhan Mantri Rozgar yojna
2)Jawahar
1) PradhanGram MantriSamridhi
Kaushal Yojana
vikas yojna
(JGSY) .The main aim of this programe Each of was
thethe
private
development
sector lendersof the has
ruralaareas,
risk control
like roads
unit ant
2)National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS).This scheme provides a sum of ₹20,000
In sharp contrast,
to aPSBs
person strictly
of a follow
family KYC
who becomes
norms and thethe
h
MGREGNA
1. Food for WorkSCHEME where daily
Programme- labourers
in this programme are paid a fixed
the main aimsalary.
of theThe
PSU BANKSisare
government to funded
enhance bythe
thefood
government and as awage
security through resu
2. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana- the aim of this programme is to prove housing for the Indian poor
unemployjment.
skill india program
pradhan mantri rojgaar yojna Non performing asset problem is more severe for PSU cau
The PM kisan scheme launched by the government that deposits money The private banks have stricter norms for lending money a
1. Pradhan mantri Jandhan Yojna played a major initiative in curbing poverty.
2.Make in India campaign is indirectly benefiting poor labor to overcome
Private
poverty
banks
with
canmore
file for
jobs
insolvency
forecastsbut PSU has high sta
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, MNREGA
60) is a good sign for economic development for obvious reasons (more available workforce, potential opportunities, business ventures etc
tagnant or even falling economic
Disinvestment growth.eg
was another Japan
initiative
Pradhan Mantri yojnas are helping a lot to the poor people The PSU banks gives loan at lower interests and also mor
The government has launched various initiatives to provide employme Generally the PSU banks have liberal credit policies which
h sickness, people doing part-time jobs.
y unemployed. One reason of severe NPA problem in public sector banks

urce where the labour as a factor of production is being under utilised.
2.
1) Skill India:
india -Here the people
Government would beopportunity
is providing taught with forskills that make
people NPA
them
to equip problem is
employable
themselves more
and
with severe
hence
skills for PSU
curb
required banks because
poverty.
to maintain as
a paying
-: they
job
2) Lakhs of Indian farmers belong to the poorest sections of the society. 1) Government has introduced Kisan Rain for faster tran
suffering through poverty sinceofits
1. Announcement independence,
free increasing
grains to families populations hampers
till November. Due to the fact that public sector banks cater to a larger po
2. The
1) Creation of kisan accounts and other progressive steps taken in collaboration
PM Yojnas Because, PSUs with are
NABARD
government owned banks, they tend t
2)Government
1. Subsidies has launched one nation one ration card scheme so that Verifibility
peoplelevels
belowinpoverty
privateline
banks
canisget
morethe grains from anyw
2. Government is investing in the MNREGA schemes and giving the PSU incentives
Bankstoarethedirectly
unemployed
controlled
registered
by the MNREGA
government people
and
the country.1)Growth in population
Direct Benefit can be a negative factor as it causes strain on 2)
of Transfers thePublic
country's
banks resources
had higherto provide
exposure for to
thepeople
addedlike populatio
Vijay M
2) Subsidies
er capita. Actual GDP is only measured in terms of population growth. In the past, 3) Public
in a banks
country like had
Indiathe option
where weofhave
falling back on
claimed governmg
a nominal
ment takes a1.hitThe
as government
we see in thehas example above of a country like India. According to the statistics,
the MGNREGA scheme which provides 100 days of garaunteed employment to those who apply. upwards of 87% cases of The
Non w P
2. The Government also has Minimum Support Price set for agricultural In case
products.
of default
Thisof works
payment
to protect
due tothethefarmers
NPA offrom
PSUexplo
Bank
es and opportunities
1.Make inare limited with
India-This respect
initiative was totaken
the needs of people.
to encourage people for their skill development and carrying out the manufacturing pro
-2.PM
Pradan Yojana-
MantriUnder
Gramin thisAwaas
initiative, the government tried to empower The
Yogana the underprivileged
PSU banks are peopleset up for
of the
the country
welfare byof the
providing
public the
and
- National
The Rural Employment
government programmeMGNREGA scheme to provide guaranteed employment.
has been implementing
Atal
1. Incubation
Housing for allcenters
initiativepromote entrepreneurship
to provide house for every through
citizenfunding
of indiaand
Thetechnical
Public banks
support.are bound to provide loans to underdeve
2. Digital India to provide digital literacy to every citizen so that they reap from the benefits of digitalization and use the skills to
MNREGA
- Budget allocation to agriculture sector to reduce poverty. Because the number of people availing services of PSU b
-MNREGA -
Mid-day meal
Providing scheme
platforms for -storage
By providing this scheme,
and sales thecrops
of farmer's government Private
has
along with
Badbeen banks
removalable
loans of tohave
provided
APMC better
increase
by management
the level of
intermediaries
PSU banks has
were and
morecorporate
education
helped in the
than
farmers. gov
coun
private
These initiatives would lead to more income thereby reducing poverty. Poor governance and administration, low quality of check
MNREGA-Rural
-National giving employment
Employment to unemployed
Programme (NREP)youth
-Rural Landless
Implemented Employment
relief measures to Guarantee Programme
the customers (RLEGP)
with bank loans
Increase in employment opportunities Various relief measures are implemented for the customer
Lack of transparency and the bank employees are more c
ountry. If thePM's
growth and
Jan GNP
Dhan is almost eual then the economy will not grow as it N
Yojna d PA problem is more severe for PSU banks because their
PM's Pension Plan scheme Because they have smaller scale and more risky.
nt because a larger population would demand more resources. Another factor of popul
In PSU's the promotion of employees is not linked to the p
1. Pradhan Mantri Bima yojana- It aims at providing financial aid to poor people by providing them with insurance.
exists of the scarcity of resources. The wants of humans are unlimited but the reso Unlike the private banks the onus of getting rid of the PSA
hired/working for a particular job. It refers to the under utilisation of skills/capaci Non Performing Assets are a more serious concern for PS
pment in a positive way as there will be a lot of innovation and research happening around.
conomy a lot.
Jawahar
1) MNREGA Rozgar Yojana
schemes to ensure people have work and their not pushed PSUbelow
bankspoverty
have liberal
lines credit policies and loose terms an
2) Pradhanmantri
assures 100 days garib kalyan yojana
of employment forlow-income
to the the benefitsgroups
and upliftment
to ensureNPAs
ofthat
poorare
people
they more
have in PSU because
a source theyinwere
of income working
difficult times under
like cr
2. 'House for all' scheme to ensuring a roof over the head for the poor When Non-performing assets increase for a PSU bank, th
people
Equal distribution
NERP- of wealth,
National rural creating
employment employment schemes that provide employees with set days of employment.
programme
JGSY-Jawahr
1. Gram
Pradhan Mantri Samridhhi
Rojgar Yojna:Yojana
government guarantees employmentBecause
and somepublic
fixedbanks sanction
amount unsecured
of money loans
if unable due to em
to provide hi
2. Many schemes given for free education, and access to jobs.
r goods and services and growth in employable population. But this growth acts as NPAs are severe in case of PSU banks in comparison to p
nt in both positive and negative way. Population growth will mean more of people working which leads to productivity and hence help in imp
oyment of people as the demand for jobs is low and supply is high. Sustainability is impacted in terms of supply of food and healthcare facili
National Maternity benefit Scheme - Under NMBS there is a provision for the payment of Rs. 500 per pregnancy to women bel
PM garib kalyan yogana, PM ujwal yogana --
crease in population will increase the number of people sharing the resources which in term builds
National Rural Employment Plan- It aims to provide employment to the unemployed up the
people ofpressure.
our country
Jan Dhan Yojana- It aims to include everyone in the banking systemRising
of
3. the
Long NPA
company,
in PSBs
process providing
have tothem
of getting be fulfilled
loans accessby to the
loansgovernmen
and othe
1. Jawahar Gram Samridhhi Yojana- This was the development of rural 4. No mechanism in place to find quality of loans.
e decreases. People are required to feed their family with the same income. It means more expenditure on consumption and a further fall in
wth in consumption as well. that leads to increase in demand for goods and if there is no adequate supply of goods, that leads to increase in
Giving contracts to independent MSMEs fro Mask/PPE production. (Make in India)
Creating jobs in Swatch Bharat Mission NPAs are more severe to PSU banks because its lending
NREP
Jan dhan Yodana
e will increase and this will put burden on the economy. Non performing assets problem is more severe for PSU be
MNREGA Employment Guarantee scheme, Krishi Udaan Yojana, GarInefficient management and irrational lending, red tapeism
2.Jan Dhan Yojana - Many people,particularly from rural, did not have
There
bankareaccounts.
a lot flaws
so this
in the
scheme
policy allowed
of PSU banks.
citizen They
to open
do bn
Pradhaan mantri jan dhan yojna,Pradhaan mantri krishi gram yojna
Introduction of employment acts and yojna to create jobs for various NA
1) The government launched the MNREGA program that aims to provide employment in rural areas.
2) Jan Dhan
mand of resources, Yojana
resources is an
being initiative
limited will that
leadaims to help in
to increase people
pricesget
andbetter
cause access to financial
inflation help like credit, insurance, etc.
in the market.
PM Jan Dhan Yojana helps the people obtain financial help easily a The measure for granting loans in public sector banks are
PMKISAN, JANDHAN PSU banks are more welfare motivated so they have less
ositive impacts on economic development. It can provide a stable resource pool f Influence of politicians in the running of PSU banks, lack o
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana -
Housing for poor rural indian people
pment if the growth in GDP is greater than the growth in population. A rise in p About 70%the
Any asset of banking
falls underin india
NPA is generally consider a loss
controlled by PSU's and they
are the major lender for any
massive infrastructure project or
investments. Considering the
coal scam where there was
1. Create job opportunities bureaucratic discourse and their
atmanirbhar bharat
2. National Rural Employment 1 were several
As various issues while
corporates got loans
Programme granting
from PSUenvironmental
banks through
3. Raise the minimum wage of clearances thereby
contacts instead delaying
of credit score
the workers 2 projects.
checking.When the company
doesn't generate revenue within
They haveofbeen
4-5 years takinggiving higher
the loan, it
Jawahar Rozgar yojana, Jawahar amounts of NPA without
cannot repay it and thereby proper
gram samridhi yojana 2 regulations leading
they're classified as NPA's.
2 initiatives taken to curb poverty There are many Highway and
are - Jan Dhan Yojana- Jan Dhan power plant projects who fell
Yojana was carried out by victim to this
Government of India to create
bank accounts of poor people of
the country. This will ensure that NPA problem is more severe for
the benefitsMantri
1. Pradhan that are meantAwaas
Gramin for public sector takes
Government banksloanas there
mostlyare
them
Yojana reach directly to them and no
fromregulatory
PSUs and authorities
if there isfor
an
there can beMantri
2. Pradhan no corruption.
Ujjwala This PSU
NMP banks.
in PSUReserve Bank
Bank, there will be
initiative
Yojana will hep curb poverty holds no right to hold
2 very less scope of return someone
MNREGA Yojana- This was a responsible from PSU banks
initiative carried out by and cannot terminate the head
government to provide 100 days of the bank whereas in private
of employment in a year to daily sector bank, it can regulate
wage workers so that he can conduct audits, and exercise a
earn money and learn necessary higher amount of control in
skills 2 private sector banks
Minimum wages- One of the
methods to curb poverty is to
provide minimum wages so that
the poor are not exploited by the
rick and can fulfil their needs.
Create jobs- The government
works towards creating jobs in
various sectors to uplift the poor
and provide them with basic
needs. 2
1. Kisan Jan dhan Yojana -

One of the
Deposit initiatives
a certain is theinDirect
amount bank
Benefit
accountTransfer
of farmers mechanism
who sufferedand
the
duedirect transfer of ascenarios
to unforeseeable certain 2
amount of money every quarter
directly into the farmer's PSU Banks have already been
accounts. under huge levels of debt and
Another measure taken has deficits. Also, operational
been to increase the employment inefficiencies and weaknesses
opportunities provided under the lead to greater affect of NPAs
flaghship scheme MGNREGA. 2 on PSU banks.
1. Jan Dhan Yogna 1. PSU give more loans to farmers and rural india
2. More support to education in rural areas 2. Management problems.
more people have to rely on the same income. So this is not good for the economic development of a country.
This is because, Private banks have better and stricter gui

2. DBT : Direct benefit transfer scheme helps the government to transfer All banks
amount/
whether
subsidies
PSUetcor private
directlyhave
to thetoperson
meet the
without
criteria
a
but are not 1.
counted in theUnder
MNREGA: official unemployment
this statistics.people
initiative unemployed Example: Part
in the time
rural workers
areas
In 2016,
were provided
to curb corruption
with job opportunities.
by corporates, RBI came up wi
2. Make in India: By promoting people in the country to make their own It isproducts
especially
instead
moreof
severe
importing
for PSUs
from other
as compared
countries.
with P
Also, unlike private banks, PSU banks dont tie performan
blem more severe for PSU banks compared
What is Shadow Banking?
available easier in PSU banks Financial activities performed by non-banking organisations which are un-regulated
give out loans at a lower rate and to mostly everyone without much check on return ability. They also give out a big chunk of the loans to fa
olved with a lot of private and govt tenders that have not realised yet. This lead to high percentage of NPA. Private banks on the other hand
e severe for Public banks because
banking operations are under PSUs
o huge deficit with the banking sector that eventually Govt compensates through its reserves which otherwise could have used in better pla
PSU banks have a higher share of non performi
Financial institutions that create supply of money but are not subject to regulatory authorities
emes. A few recent ones are Dhan Jan Yojana (which aims at providing a minimum amount of money to the people) and the Atmanirbhar pr
lowed to lend larger portions of the deposits th
The shadow banking system is very important for the economy because it provides funding to
PSU banks are huge in comparison to private banks , hence the loss taken is bigger
re cautious in giving out loans since it is the private player's money that is being loaned.
ursue NPA as aggressively as private banks
sis, PSUs have a lot more responsibility, and a lot less Lee-ways as compared to Private Banks.
an also be funded by various other sources, but
NBFCs
a PSU arecan't.
Non Banking Financial Corporations. NBFCs partake in shadow banking- where in
er because of easy credit schemes by government, government intervention in loan distribution

f disguised unemployment. Banking which is very similar to a commercial bank but not falling under the purview of bankin
the rural population in the manufacturing and construction sector.
gent rules when doling out loans since they ob
A set of unregulated financial players who can affect the money flow
updated policies for lending, loop holes that The system created by unregulated financial intermediaries is shadow banking.
edibility to the public, if they default and are unable to justify their actions, it reflects poorly on a country's govt.
dependent and are only liable to deal with RBIThe lending of capital in an unregulated environment refers to shadow banking
r 70% of the population of India.

banks can disrupt the economy. They also put
Shadow
pressure
Banking
on therefers
government
to the Non-Banking
to infuse money
financial
in PSUsector.
banks NBFCs
to combat
are called
with it.shadow
This in bankin
turn le
cies and unstrict laws in PSU banks as compIt is the group of financial intermediaries undertaking the creation of credit across the global fin
nment took to reduce poverty.
ng sector is regulated by PSU banks, Hence Regulation of banking sector by non banking institutions who are not subjected to strict rules a
more severe in the PSU banks because the PSU
Shadow
b banking is the banks which are not controlled by the central banks. they help in credit
r stringent policies give out loans for a cert The shadow bank falls outside the purview of the government regulations but performs similar
It means any bank related works that happens outside the formal banking sector eg. NBFC
s are higher for a PSU bank as against a PrivShadow banking is the means of achieving capital requirements through an NBFC or a Non ba
inefficiency, less accountability It's when some institutions come together and provide the same banking services as other nor
e severe for PSU banks because of various gove
Shadow banking are financial institutions which are intermediary providers of credit , but are a
eses
severe tonegatively
which PSU banks as it shows
impacts the inefficiency
the economic of the PSU
development banks
of that to recover loans and that creates a negative value for them which in tu
country.
ent. As with steady income, the standard of living decreases with the growth in population.
endency to hide the NPA during its timeline anShadow banking refers to process where in some agencies other than the bank perform the fu
lend money through various government schemes as well which include loans without collateral. This reduces the accountability and hence
assets for a private bank are not that big a p In shadow banking, various lenders who are not deemed to be banks give out loans to their cu
ore severe for PSU banks compared to private Shadow
ba banking is a situation where lending and borrowing is done by unregulated authorities
PSU
orrowers
ve to take and
stakelack of riskbanks
in other resolves are more
as PCA problematic for PSU banks
by RBI.
by government also lead to increased NPA. the unregistered and unregulated suppliers of credit in the informal market which lends money
d huge sums of money from PSUs as strict regu A shadow banking system is the group of financial intermediaries facilitating the creation of cre
vernment aid and schemes have to lend
ore severe for PSUs because these don't have to all
Shadow
2.as
Shadow
manybanking
Banksare
economiccannon-bank
resources financial
accept deposits institutions
as private
butbanks carrying
cannotdorole out financial
out deposits activities but don't fal
(loans)
Us to maintain liquidity and NPAs add on to the 3. problem
Activities include: project finance (creating SPVs), microfinance,
1) Unregulated activities of the Financial Institutions which are regulated by the Central Bank
e controlled by the Government, the Government 2) A group of Financial Intermediaries which are helping in credit growth but they are not subj
e severe for the Public banks as these banks caterShadow banking refers to the unregulated financial intermediaries that handle the financial ser
mployment guarantee act
ct when it comes to document verification Shadow banking is operated by the NBFCs where they don't have the license to provide depo
gher
wagenon performing
structure assets
for any mainlyordue
employee to reaso
a labour.Shadow banking is when non bank financial intermediaries facilitate credit creation but they ar
e servers for PSUs because of lack of proper It is a system of banking where a collection of non banking institutions provide banking service
becomes a problem because these banks andIt their
refers to a system where non-banking financial institutions provide the services of a commer
more severe in PSU banks than Private banksShadow Banking is done by mostly Non Banking FInancial Companies who are in the busines
PA is greater for PSU banks than private ban Shadow Banking includes the services where the bank does the work on behalf of the clients.
ance issues in many PSU banks The services provided by a non banking financial company ( NBFC) is generally known as sha
l plan Government may not always refinance when some
the PSU other institutions provide banking services but they do not have banking licences a
banks
ability towards the stakeholders as well as the public in general. Private banks enjoy relatively more authority, whereas PSUs face intense p
e private banks keep higher check on their loans by having better collateral, ensuring timely payments as compared to the PSUs. Thus the
Shadow banking are the unregulated banks people who provide loans without a formal structu
oser restrictions and lenient terms of borrow Collection of non-bank financial intermediaries that provide services similar to traditional comm
oans from PSU banks
usually bailed out of bankruptcy by the governShadow banking is the concept of providing banking services to entities for conducting transac
ets are also termed as bad loans. The PSU bank Non banking Financial services are also called shadow banks - they help raise funds for infras
ending policies in public sector banks, NPA is When non banking institutions provide facilities similar to that to banks, it is called shadow ban
s gets more deposits from the customers as they trust PSU banks more than private banks. As PSU banks hold more deposits compared to
e severe in PSU banks as their lending and crediting policies and conditions are loose as compared to private banks
ia run mostly on the loans they provide and thIt is the process of conducting financial activities like providing with loans under unlawful or un
viding the loans the PSUs were more liberal in doing credit analysis hence increase the probability of defaults.
es of the employees in providing Letter of Credits
These are the regulated institutions which provide credit facility to the people but don't come u
ng operations in the country are handled by t Shadow banking refers to the operations that happen in the shadow or behind the usual banki
olicies are less strict and provision for NPA is also less.
more severe for PSU banks because of the fact they are inefficient and they are bailed out by certain other PSUs in case of bankruptcy thu
r amount of loans that are given out by the PSUs than the Private Banks. Secondly, PSUs lend in public interest to poor, high default risk in
tend to give loans to larger portion of the society and can end up with Non Performing assets.
gshots with contacts to lend loans so scams are also comparatively less in private banks.
ery inefficient, and they own a number of banks, so they have to prioritize
nd to people from poor background more than the private banks.
or the NPA increasing is the bad loans thatt have piled up in the current scenario. PSU banks give loans more readily to its consumers comp
lend out loans to everyone and has a stringenSimilar to banking but with very less or no regulation
nancial performance of the banks and checksShadow th banking involves the financial intermediaries (mostly unregulated units of regulated in
o increased occurrence of NPAs are external,group l of financial intermediaries faciliating the creation of credit across the financial system
unt of PSU banks' debt has been granted to pub Shadow banking refers to the parallel economy where the flow of money is not accountable an
ts is more severe for PSU because the high NP
Transactions undertaken through NBFC
Credit
ow Poverty Line to ensure cash flow and creation of creation globally by big financial instituitons
opportunities.
d income meeting certain requirements
ge corpus under the NPA category as compared to Private banks.

severe for the psu because they have been aShadow banking is using loopholes and avoiding necessary check before granting a loan
stringent norms when it comes to disbursing lWhen lending and other financial activities are conducted by unregulated institutions, then it is
more severe in PSU banks compared to private banks because private banks have a more sophisticated system of due diligence. PSU ban
end to investments carrying higher risk whe It is the process of non-banking companies performing the functions of a bank, without followin
y ofstake
ge a below poverty
in PSU and line family
its bad for is given
the a certain
exchequer Shadow
sum for
Banking
their family
is a form
andofalso,
banking
incase
where
of death
the institution
of the person,
is notthe
accepting
money goes
money
to from
the next
the pe
he
Shadow bankers are moneylenders which are not managed by any regulatory authority. they u
came more severe for PSU Banks as compare Shadow
to banking refers to a system of banking which is not regulated by any authority
ts problem is more severe for PSU banks because if the loans are in default, then it is a major problem for these banks.
take smaller collaterals and have a less effective collection system

er than private banks so they have more custom Shadow Banking is when an NBFC invests money or backs ups a company from behind the s
h rates are high and death rates are low for any given economy, the economy experiences a boost in their economy
assests) are a greater problem in PSUs because of the political influence on these banks. The loans are sanctioned to company'd without
likely to borrow from PSU because of their f it refers to creation of credit by financial institutions and intermediaries disregarding the regula
he diclosure of NPA was less stringent by RBI Shadow banking refers to non-bank financial intermediaries who provide services similar to tra
orms and lack of regulation the bad debt of b Shadow Banking refers to banking which is done by non banking entities
he PSU Banks due to poor background check of the client taking the loan, or intentional/pressurised giving of loans to favorable clients.
ose assets which can generate income for them.
normal trends then it could have an adverse eff Shadow Banking is when a financial services company operates without much regulation.
out proper research credit valuation. It is a system of unregulated activities by regulated institutions.
offers subsidies and collateral free loans. These are borne by the PSBs. As a result, we see the NPAs more in public than private sector ba
ts under PSU can hamper the revenue generate Unregulated activities by regulated banks is known as shadow banking.
are lesser vigilant while extending loans as compared to private banks. Also, PSU banks are required to meet a certain target for extending
cked by solid cash reserves or investments s NBFCs are an example of shadow banks. They are not traditional banks, banking regulations
are compensated for by the government infusing more money into the banks. This puts the monetary pressure on the citizens of the country
Not Performing Assets will be adjusted usin When an organization in involved in banking process but doesn't follow the usual norms for the
A term that is used for the collection of financial intermediaries that provide services similar to
collected to cover the asset is crucial for the NA
ural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do
Shadow Banking refers to the practice of banking like activities performed by non-banking fina
sed to risky investments and so accumulate more NPAs.
are more efficient and lend money to entitiesShadow
that are banking
safe. is type of banking which provides loans for infrastructure projects. They help
re public savings when compare to private banks. Many of PSU has there accounts operating in public bank. Closure of any public bank du
in India has the Big issue of Corruption and Global banks that are not regulated, and has free hand
of regulatory norms and less reserve ratio co Banking in the dark or banking without any regulations
wned by government, regulations will relatively be less stringent and since government has more control it doesn't give enough power to PS
because they do not properly check the credit Transactions that do not come under the purview of the formal banking. Any transaction done
blem for PSU banks since they have to followShadow
s banking is when banks regulated by a Central body perform unregulated activities.
ain restrictions when it comes to methods of recovering from NPAs. For example- It cannot increase its loan interest by a high margin
em for PSU banks because they occupy a major Shadow
p Banking is defined as the transfer of money into fictitious accounts to reduce the liabi
or deposits is higher in PSU banks than private banks. The PSU has to spend more on interests than the private banks. An NPA only adds t
a non banking financial company
have large amounts of investment from powerful players which helps them offset the problem of NPAs. This might not always be the case fo
g assets in PSU are more severe as no mergnon banking financing
hich are in NPA category for PSU banks are fro Banking facilities provided by institutes other than commercial or private banks. NBFC comes
ed on helping the citizens of a country than to earning a profit.Therefore they tend to offer loans even to individuals with low credit rating wh
he government and which in turn hinders the economy.
hich will increase the pressure on the population.
ound by govt schemes (eg, for farmers and small scale business(laghu udyog))
ore severe for PSU banks due to the red tapism

Shadow Banks are the financial intermediaries that facilitate movement of money. They don't f
eans that the money of the common man is unde
Lenders working in a unofficial manner without the oversight of relevant regulations.
Shadow banking is a phenomenon where banks lend out money to firms for projects
banks is higher due to lower efficiencies in t It is a form of service which looks like a banking activity but it is not. For example an investmen
ployment. Eg- Farming Shadow Banking is a system of financial intermediaries which facilitates the creation of credit
come levels and helps them getting out of poverty
Shadow Banking means NBFC's -Non banking financial companies-which serves the same pu
checks and more lending to large organizatioLending to banks to maintain overall smooth flow of national banking system
ile giving the loans are lax in PSU banks andShadow banking refer to showing high growth in the number of advances but in reality the loan
PSUs have lend to a large extent to large corpShadow banking is the existence of financial credit offering systems and institutions which are
ment money and have to be bailed out by the government
ments.
re money in their hands.
poverty line. Shadow banking is the collection of non bank intermediaries that provides services similar trad
Shadow bank can be defined as non payment bank entities that provide services like the comm
e Public Sector Unit Banks indulge in more financing and frisk taking because of support from government. Due to higher risk taking, the pr
t acquired by another bank, but as for the PSU, the government has to come to the rescue thereby inflow of cash
can give a larger amount of loan which when converted to bad debt leads to huge losses to them.
third party verification and norms in play fo It is the term to define financial institutions performing banking activities but not being subjecte
belief that people can get away from loan re It means Banks that take part in various activities but its activities are not regulated or listed.
e severe for PSU banks as compared to privatShadow

Shadow Banking
banking refers
is knownto supporting another
an alternative bank in providing
to traditional banking. Itfinancial aid to awhere
is the market particular clie
compan
nks are often used by the Indian State to inv This industry provided advances on higher interest rates and has the ability to take on riskier
engfor
Assets
publicissector
a serious concern
banks for PSU
as private banks
banks Shadow
have stricterBanking
norms foris the practice
lending and of banking
tend not toactivities undertaken
lend to risky customers.by non banking financial corp
e a lack of quality top management as most of Shadow
them arebanking
attracted
is referred
to bettertopaid
banking
jobs operation,
in private banks
typically accepting deposits and extending lo
mmodities as well.
ources available
more severe for PSU Banks as compared to the The term, shadow banking has been used interchangeably for NBFCs. These are the financia
ks charge less interest rates as compared to tShadow banking is copying and following the banking style of another Major bank
When a non-bank institution performs functions similar to that of a bank
mparatively less accountability within the organRBI acting as a Bank to the government to finance its schemes
e severe for PSU as people have a trust over govIt refers to a system of network of NBFC's
story of the loan taker is not checked in PSU ba

Under the table transactions with no records in which a bank is involved may come under Sha
are more common with PSU banks - using poli The term shadow banking refers to the practice of banking-like activities performed by NBFCs
evere for PSU banks because PSU banks are a direct contributer to India's GDP and Indian economy as compared to private banks.
e serious in PSU is because of the operationalAi term used for non banking financial firms which works similarly to the banks
heavily loaned out to sectors which are failing
Non banking financial institutions which cannot accept deposits but lend mainly to retail custom
ave more stringent policies while lending loans, while Public banks may lend more loans to sectors that are not performing well such as agri
portunities.
ncome so as to meet the physiological needs of the jobless.
e severe for PSUs than private sector banks because PSUs give out loans easily, following various government schemes and regulations, w
t is majority stake holder in PSU banks, the NBFCs are shadow banks. They provide financial services to clients but are cannot accept de
ernment as their major share holder and NPANot engaging in direct transactions with general public
e severe for PSU banks as compared to private
Shadow banking is the name given to NBFCs. Since they are not proper banks and can only d
the type of banking which is not monitored

ain specific government regulations to folow. According to these laws, these banks have to give loans to certain business and people even
ency in the PSU's can contribute as a reason Shadow banks are NBFC's which lend to the Micro, small and medium enterprises
ks leverage the use of latest technology to target its resources on selected accounts to resolve the NPA issue better.
Guarantee Act. Under this scheme, people having a right to work can get work. This in turn ensures that people who have no other jobs can
It is a group of financial intermediaries facilitating the creation of credit globally but members a
my the govt has flushed in money in the PSUs with very lenient credit terms. They dont have very high requirements of collateral to be provid
growing year on year, it will be tough to b Banking under a false identity (not exactly banks) to receive higher interest payments but with
fossil fuels, etc. Also the competition increases in education and job opportunities which are essential for the economic development of any
ure by political people to give loans to peopl Shadow banking is type of banking in which the accounts of customers are evaluated constan
ation have their funds with the PSUs. More NPAs means lack of funds with the banks and less available resources to pay the general custo
e severe for PSU banks because their holdings
It refers
are to the practice of banking like activities by non banking financial institutes which are su
problem than private banks in terms of NPAs Shadow
bec Banking is when you provide banking services to specific industries in line with existin
s, the
eme NPA problem
started is more severe
by the government because
in order PSUsemployment
to provide are responsible for financing
to rural householdsthe.Itmajor infrastructure,
guaranteed minimum construction and road projects
100 days employment und
to all rura
the objective of doubling rural farmers income so it granted 6000 rs per year to over 8 crore farmers thus increasing their meagre househol
rules while giving loans

PSU / no dedicated body to monitor These are entities which does all the role of a Bank but not qualified or registered or permitted
employment
ajority of the population and companies and hShadow banking can be defined as an unauthorized banking in prevalent parallel economy. fo
y profit oriented and hence, they do not let NPAs last for a long time in their books. They are also more stringent in their checks and optimiz
re in PSU banks as compared to the private Shadow banking Industry is where people take loans from the non-formal banking sector. For
ose rules and regulation. Shadow banking means creating the Market for sell and purchase but doesnt comes under rul
nskilled
designedindividuals then
to provide the growth
housing to theisurban
a strain
and onrural
the limited
poor byavailable
2022. resources. This can lead to it negatively impacting the economic deve
uaranteed employment to the people in the rural Shadow
areasbanking
so that they
is thecan
banking
have aactivities
fixed income
performed
that improves
by non finance
their standard
institutesofthat
living.
are not subje
because it effects with trust of public sector banks, lending capacity and more over it need additional money to recapitalization which draws
curity held by the PSU is much lesser than t The banking activities undertaken by unauthorized organizations is known as shadow banking
stricter restrictions and regulations
ebility
severe for PSU banks as compared to private Shadow Banking is when a firm carries out all the activities that are carried out by a bank, with
Shadow Banking' denotes the Non-Banking Financial Companies that provide financial service
tion where money lent by banks will be more than money in the bank this will decrease the lending rate. private banks with comparatively h
as to provide loans under government schemes to boost economy as they have obligation to society thus they have less stringent norms in
uge poor customer base None
nal policy in the board of directors of PSUs banks.
rest in PSU banks, as compared to private banks, encourages borrowing from PSU banks.
en out huge
generally loans
with to institutions
the objective who have in
of contributing either
Shadow
the growthbanking is a term given
of the economy to institutions
and bringing who lend money
the marginalized peopleortoperform other
the greater activities as T
opportunities. a
e other hand, objective is to generate profit through their operations. Therefore, they lend only to those borrowers who have good credit sco
rking style would be different. There are no stake Shadowholders
Banking
exerting
is employed
pressure by
andNonthere
Banking
would Financial
likely be no
Corporations.
clear cut targets.
This isThe
donelack
byoftaking
stakel
It refers to the practice of banking like activities performed by non-banking finance companies
ed amongst higher population. Irregulated system of providing banking services like loans at unspecified rates by intermediat
e severe in case of PSU banks because of low level of accountability on the managers and other associated parties. In case of private bank
PSUs
er because the liability of the losses lies with the government and corrective action mostly involve tax payers money.
MANREGA
vel not only hampers the financial position but also reduces the profitability of banks.
looses trust in the public bank which results in fall of stock prices and bad business.
try which will be beneficial in the long run.
e out Loans, No proper collateral taken by the bank
ore liberal lending policies and terms and cond

a collection of non banking intermediaries that perform functions similar to banking but outside
nks are more profitable and competent. The P Shadow banking is the lending and borrowing of funds that goes beyond the government's scr
eavouritissm.
severe for PSUs since the majority of the population(consisting of individuals and firms) is directly and indirectly dependent on the financin
.
nd accountability is the reason for more NPAs in PSU banks. It is due to the fact that lending policies and terms are more relaxed in PSU B
Unregulated activities carried out by regulated institutions is known as shadow banking
ave lower interest rates and larger periods forNA
give loans to government and government related corporations which have high probability of defaulting or deffering payments
lem for PSU banks as concerned to private ba Shadow banking is a not full scale banking also called as non deposit bank
ce political interference. Certain corrupt polit Shadow Banking is lending and offering other financial activities by banks/institutions that are
amount of available resources per person in a country. It indicates economic development and lifestyle patterns of a country. Higher per ca
performing lons. NPA problem is more severe Itf is a group of financial intermediaries facilitating the creation of credit across global financial s
yment opportunities to the poor as well as opportunities to develop their skill sets so as to improve their living conditions.
uding durable assets for increasing the opportunities
It is a term
for for
sustained
the collection
employment
of non-bank
and generation
financial intermediaries
of supplementary
that employment
provide services
for the
similar
unemt
h and to
ouses inefficient legislation
indian rural poor and increase their standard of living
milies of country with package of 5 Lakh rupees They per
are
family.
financial intermediaries which are facilitating creation of credit but are not bound to ru
e severe for the PSU banks is that it holds a hIt is a term used to call the banking operations by certain financial institutions which may not fa
gher NPAs than Private Sector banks
eroblem
severefor
forthe
PSU banks
indian because
banking they for
system have to bear the brunt of the NPA crisis (SBI investing in Yes Bank). Moreover, if a PSU bank has an
years.
ome under a greater scrutiny for giving out loans It is which
when banking
have turned
institutions
into NPAs.
are involved
Since these
in unregulated
banks are government
activities to generate
run and the
money
money
supply.
lost
more severe for PSU Banks because PSU bank NBFCs come under the purview of shadow banking. These are non banking financial compan
ell off the non-performing assets to third parti Shadow Banking means to be a fund raiser/provider to the existing bank in the market. It mea
ed by govt so it leads to govt reputation, and PSU banks have alot of deposits from the rural sector of economy so if their deposits take a to
k on an average already has higher NPA's asCreating

com a banking entity in different states which dont have any transactions
r Jobs available the poverty ratio increases and thus the Government has to bare the burden of these individuals. Higher the proportion of t
ive up the supply. This leads to increased production
Shadow inbanking
the economy,
is a system
improving
where the
financial
GDP growth.
institutions that are not banks perform activities th
can lend more than private sector banks non-bank institutes providing similar services to the bank but outside the normal banking regu
performing assets are more severe for Public sCommercial banks being in the shadow of the central bank is shadow banking
ancial soundness of the banks. The Indian eco They perform activities like bank but are not regulated like traditional banks. eg investment ba
e severe for PSU banks as PSUs are not govern It means to run a bank without any license or approval.
provide loans to failing sectors/industries(c Banks providing services(loans) to other banks is known as Shadow Banking.
l pose a bigger problem for PSUs than private banks because PSUs are not backed by enough other assets and safety measures to protec
ployment is usually not generated at the same pace so it leads to unemployment.

this are their liberal credit policies and loos it means unregulated activites conducted by regulated institutions
subsidy are directly
, especially transfered of
top management, to Private
their account.
sector banks is recruited/promoted by principles of merits not by favouritism.
s between the Politicians, Businesses and Bankers of Public Sector Banks based of corruption which results in the scenario where credit is
n PSBs are followed less stringently than pri It refers to NBFCs that provide similar services as a bank but are not governed by Banking Re
ount of
ority of shares
loans tointhe companies
PSU's and they
and whereas are more
for private lenient
bank than private
it is different banks
private in recovering
institution. that banks
So, when loan amount. Hence
are facing thedue
issue NPAto problem
increase is
in mo
NP
economic resources form development activityBanking to banks.
services provided by the post offices is known as Shadow Banking,
e severe for PSU banks compared to private banks due to inefficient regulations. The PSU banks ended up lending huge sum of money with
social security measure that aims to guarantee The term refers to the practice of banking like activities performed by non-banking finance com
e welfare oriented as the give loans to farme Intermediate banks that help in credit facilitation across global banks
or PSULine)
Poverty banksand
because of the
help them governments
climb up to. pressure to invest in projects that the banks might not necessarily approve of. hence PSUs hav
pations. Ex- Farmers
cted to responsibility of social welfare and not be money minded and be pessimistic while giving loans. This leads to higher chances of bad
ker sections of the society.
oods produced by the farmers, ensuring faster and timely delivery and saving them from the loss from wastage.
Shadow Banking refers to the practice of banking like activities performed by non-banking fina
poverty, high unemployment rates, increasedProcesses closely related to banking in principle but are not formally regulated.
areonmore
st PSUlenient
banks.in their loan policies as compared to the more stringent private sector banks. This causes them to give out riskier loans. Pr
Shadow
onstruction or labor intensive industry to support them.banking is lending and doing financial activities conducted by unregulated institutions
evere
e ownedfor by
PSU banks because
government, thesethe NPA
NPAs willindirectly
are directly affect
reflectedthe in
countries GDP. receipts
their revenue As the PSU
frombank
thesecan't
PSUdefault
banks.and
Thisis adds
liableto
todeficit
pay money
budgettoof
its
anks, only shareholders of that banks are affected and not the whole population.
so more severesection
the weaker because PSU's
of the are backed
economy whichbywould
Shadow
the helpBanking
them toiswithhold
providedand by earn
NBFCs, in which
interest fromthere is no deposits account but can lend mo
the money
h more than 1 lakh crores of farmers segmented as poor farmers
a larger user base compared to private banks wherein the poor people can also take loans.
. Since being able is a factor, the employability of a growing population in comparison to a declining economy can be an issue.
s to political parties and influential people in the past without doing proper check and balance for the same. This lead to NPAs
m wages to the workers and make them employed
c bodies and have less independence in terms of strategies and decision making. While private banks are not bound by such stringent regu
age
nks of
to NPA
sufferfor PSUs
from nonofprofessional
the total assets was already
management at a highertolevel
as compared thanbanks.
Private as compared to private banks and moreover PSU banks have to
e a degree of political control over them whichShadow limits them
banking
fromismaking
unorganised
difficultbanking.
decisions.These institutions are unregulated, and their activitie
d by the government hence there is greater accountability in terms of failure.
ernment as their
ser in terms highest
of PSU stakeholder.
Banks, Sovolume
making the sometimes of theitnumber
has to lend to some loss
of transactions making companies for the betterment of the society at large
higher
oduces
the marginalized section of the population as well
the risk appetite of banks and they limitShadow and
the number in case
Banking of
of loans default,
refersgiven
to the their npa wouldconducted
outtransactions
to mitigate increase
risk. This can
by have
NBFCs.
far Unlike
reaching banks,
consequences
NBFCs canno for
PSU banks, the government needs to spend aNBFCs large amount
mostly of cater
money
to retail
whichcustomers
could have
by providing
been invested
car loans,
in more
mortgage
productive
loans,
areas
etc.like
They
infrast
also
liberal credit policies as compared to private banks that have quality and prudent credit policies. Their is also a difference in the terms and
Shadow banking means a non banking financial company

sulting in poor well being of people.
dia have a large NPAs on their books which results in more provisioning and less money to loan out. PSU banks have much higher NPAs in
on in cash flow for bigger projects that are under process of high cost as compared to private banks when less is at stake.
ax money has to be pumped in to keep the bank alive for PSUs. Otherwise, alternate sources of capital will have to be found. In the case of
more severe in
lised control forPSU
PSUbanks,
banks the
because the invest
Shadow
loan assessment banking
in PSU banksisisthe group
also of less
a little intermediaries carrying
stringent than out creation
in Private banks. of credit
And, the globally
emphasis forisdiffer
on d
n from PSU banks is less stringent than that ofShadow
Private Banking
banks. is basically when Banks are really controlled by regulatories which are not au
e severe for PSU Banks because of their lack of efficient management and providing loans without proper check of credit of borrowers
Shadow banking is process of providing financial services outside of regulated financial norms
tional mechanisms
o market changes
allenge Shadow banks are the non-regulated institutions engaged in creation and distribution of credit
s are making very less or no profit. Dependent It is
onthe groupfrom
support of individuals who facilitate creation of credit across global financial system
the government.
dy looking to dis-invest its stake, high NPA mayShadow
reducebanking
value. is a bank lending through indirect means instead of lending directly to custom
e problem for PSU banks as compared to private banks because PSU banks are for the public and by the public, while private banks' purpo
engage more in lending money to sectors like. a
much more by volume as compared to Private A shadow banking
banks. Ever since system is theRajan
Raghuram groupcracked
of financial
the intermediaries
whip on Banksfacilitating
to disclosethe creation
their NPA's,ofther
cre
orium
em grantedrelief.
economic by RBI for loan repayment hasBanking
accentuated
activities
the crisis
carried
since
out aoutside
lot of borrowers
the ambit are
of the
delaying
formal their
Banking
payment
Sector.
schedules.
opulation
shadow banking are financial intermidiaries not regulated by RBI or any other central agency f
n of resources. It also reduces the average income per person in a country.
h higher in PSU banks as they are more lenient Shadow

i Banking is primarily done by NBFC and other similar ventures. A lot of organisations,
e severe in PSU Banks because they have more Shadowlib Banking is a group of NBFCs which that operate similarly to a commercial bank howe
set of a PSU bank is harder to sell than compared to a private bank in case of a disinvestment. PSU bank , which comes under governmen
ot loans from PSU banks through their political
shadow banking refers to unregulated financial intermediaries that facilitate credit creation
PSU Banks than Pvt banks because the money People
len or lenders who work as bank for locals but are not banks as such
-
r more diverse portfolio than the private banks. private banks mostly have accredited customers, also because the huge number of checks
de housing to everyone. It is a term used for all those non-banking institutions that work similar to commercial banks.
o cannot take care of themselves.
It refers to the practice of banking like activities being performed by non-banking finance comp
PSUs lead to increase in loans(liability) of the banks. For PSUs, if there are defaulters, it leads to fiscal deficit of this country.
bad debts included in the balance sheet needs It is
to abegroup
written
of financial
off for PSU's
service
of they
providers
are not
who
returned.
provide credit loan access to primarily retail cus
n farm income is not possible.
ovt banks and if the NPA rises it affects the eshadow banking is the concept which started in around the 2011. when the commercial banks
eading to the increased occurrence of NPAs aA shadow banking system is the group of financial intermediaries facilitating the creation of cre
government will have to inject money to ensurUnethical and unlawful banking done for the purpose of tax evasion is called shadow banking.
e severe for PSU banks as compared to private banks because it erodes government assets. thus reducing the funds available with goverm
are state own banks and it has a larger risk when it defaults compared to private banks.
are usually more severe than the private banks,
Shadow banking is a type of banking service that is offered to the banks in the economy. It co
oreign Direct Investments by easing up the regulations to promote economic growth and create jobs.
Government Policies to provide loans whereas private sector banks are liable to themselves and all have to burden full loss due to Non perfo
haven't been profitable which adds to the losses of the government.

have stricter norms for allocating loans. So, they cannot lend huge amounts as easily as the public sector banks. Therefore, even their NPA
It is a form of banking similar to traditional banking methods but outside the purview of comme
government fundings Creation of proxy institutions by recognized and regulated for credit transfers
e severe for PSU banks as the government has It is
toai group of financial intermediaries who facillitate the creation of credit across the global fin
the credits on the discretion of government. TThe credit facilities provided by NBFC for the
t is more severe for PSU banks as compared to private because PSU have less interest of rate than private banks so if there is an NPA the
sky loanofportfolio
ecause politicalas they have
influence themore
publicproportioThe shadowlends
banks sometimes banking system
money is a term
to people whofor theno
have collection
ability orofintention
non-bank tofinancial
pay backbanks thatisprovid
and this prov
ecause public banks are owned by the government the higher level management has low to no ownership in the bank which doesn't incentiv
eneur goes up and there can be an increase in amount of goods produced thus leading to increase in GDP and overall economic developm
loans to a lot
government of governmental
approved companies and
stalled projects. Shadow banking would constitute instances when bankers engage in practices that are agains
defaults are taking place in PSUs than in private sector.
Unregulated activities by regulated institutions
entage of total loans is higher incase of PSU banks than private banks. So it's difficult in PSU banks.
d by the government, and usually have a greaShadow banking refers to entities such as NBFC's which are not as tightly regulated by the ce
oney contributed by the total population to the GDP, and with the increase in population this ratio falls. This ratio is a far better measure to s
e of their being poor governance and bad deciNon-Banking Financial Companies can be considered Shadow Banks
ng assets. The loans that could not be paid off result in non performing assets.
orprovides
PSU banks than private
employment bankspeople
to needy since Private banks
giving them hasinhigher
cash handsinterest rates and stricter criteria. Where as PSU are also involved in govt p
Shadow banking are banks which are unregulated
losed there NPAs untill Raghuram Rajan brought stringent guidelines in 2016
s in other companies to deploy cash in PSU NPAs.
The transfer of NPAs by one bank to another andthen purchasing by the same bank at the sam
less interest rate and most of government sugroup of financial intermediaries for creation of credit but they are not found under lens of any
ecks of private banks are thorough. -
me engineers, with a scholarship amounts (Can't recollect the name of the scheme)
Shadow Banking is when institutions that are similar to commercial banks step in to lend mone
es and lack in transparency
to more people who may not have the power to repay for example farmers
NPA. NPA for PSU is the money lost by the go Exchange of money through off-shore accounts
in obsolete government industries and the govt.
Unregulated activities by regulated bodies. Example: National Payments Corporation of India
Shadow banking refers to unregistered activities of registered banks or firms.

It is large
y give larger loans to industries - when these fail, basically a term
impact for the in
is created non-bank financial intermediaries that provide services similar to th
form of NPAs
e more loans to small businesses which are more volatile and can create an NPA
bjective is to earn higher profits and hence wA set of Non-Financial Institutions who provide certain credit facilities but they are outside the
mer and more

y increase theirwork force.so
incomes But this
that does
they cannot holdtheir
meet truebasic
in every situations. Sometimes if the economy is deteriorating increase in population m
necessities.
estments directly from the account holders and if the bank defaults in such case, their is no one to back/support the Bank
ks have investors backing them up which provideBankingthemservices
with monetary
providedsupport
by private
in case
stakeholders
of increase
which
in NPA
are not under regulation of governme
PSU banks because of more trust of commonShadow pe banking refers to the practice of banking like activities performed by NBFC's which ar
Shadow banking system is the group of financial intermediaries facilitaing the creation of credi
g it difficult for the poor to sustain. Also it w Shadow banking is a system non banking financial institutions who provide some of the bank l
evere for PSU and
ike MNREGA banks compared toRojgar
Pradanmantri privateYojna
banks
group of financial
to provide intermediaries
employment which leads
in the country. to creation
This can reduce of credit due
poverty across global financial
to increased incomesystem
of th
sector, government programs to help the farmers Shadowhas banking
huge potential
is usedtotocurb
describe
poverty,
the since
entities
most
thatfarmer
provide
households
banking services
live below
outside
poverty
the line.
ban
e NPAs than Private banks as the loan procedur when a non banking entity offers money lending, it is known as shadow banking. Eg: Zaminda
s their asset quality because even the gross np A group of financial intermediaries which funds the traditional banks and outside regulations. I
er
pt because
afloat withPSUs lack efficiency in the banking
tax money Shadow Banking is emergence of financial institutions which can lend funds but don't operate
a high fiscal deficit, with more tax money pouring into banks, leaves very less for development of infrastructure in India
re severe in PSUs because of the lack of a proper management board and lack of accountability. Most PSUs are not penalized for lackadai
The NBFCs are called as shadow banks. They do not have right to deposit money repayable a
less accountability when it comes to disbursGroup of financial institutions involved in the creation of credit but with no regulatory overdight
ector bank's debt collection module is not as S e hadow banking is done by NBFC's which provide similar banking services to customers like a
is further increases the poverty level, the Shadow Banking refers to the practise of banking activities by non- banking finance companie
the profitability for PSU and the financial posiShadow banking are the intermediaries and moneylenders that charge unregulated interest on
ing loans
dit score considerations This refers to a collection of non-bank institutions that come together to provide banking facilit
more severe for PSU banks compared to private -
It refers to the unregulated activities by the regulated institutions.When financial intermediaries
f economy and the government thus lower financialShadow Banking
health is poorly on government
reflect
wner of Public sector banks and thus when the banks are recapitalised, it is the funds diverted from the development projects for nation bui
y directly to their accounts so that basic needs of the people are met.
ood related issues and could save some money from this.
to accelerate growth in our country. Since PSU banks are controlled by the government, they have less stringent rules regarding their cred
or PSU's as compared to Private banks since the PSUs also have to be the one that bear the default of the other financial institutions.
bour capital. But in case the situation is already saturated, increase in population would lead to increase in unemployment, affecting the ec
orming assets which lead to bad loans and noshadowre banking is also known as NBFC. These kind of banks only operate by providing variou
em for PSU as compared to Private Banks becau Shadow banking refers to earning of interest by giving loan to a third party at a higher interest
financial institution engaged in providing loans and advances to retail customers. cannot acce
uman workforce, capable of enabling the production of goods and services, which can help bring about a positive impact on economic deve
ollow Govt. advice to lend to sectors facing cash shortages like real estate and power companies which leads to more bad loans(~8-10%) w
e responsibilty of the government to provide them with money(taxpayer's money) in the times of need. Money which can utlized for the welfa
ming assets pose a greater problem in PSUs since if in the case of a PSU going bankrupt the Government of India has to step in to infuse f
more severe for the PSU banks compared to private banks because the PSU banks have to follow the policies of the govt stringently. For e
ets(NPA) are higher in PSU banks primarily due Shadow
to Banking involves private money lenders who lend money at a rate of interest to the cu
are having government ownership, the corporate governance is lenient hence the proper vetting of the clients/company are not done, whe
more severe for PSU banks as the PSUs lendShadow a Banking is when NBFCs perform banking activities like creating credit but they are no
which are governed by the government and hen
It is
ment represents bureaucrats and not financial expertsa sector where lending of money is done by unauthorized entities at a much higher interes
Shadow banking includes those financial intermediation which are outside the scope of regula
different culture, are more focused on the prWhen institutions perform banking activities which are not regulated by any overarching laws.
ands of the goods and services will increase which will increase the GDP (one of the main factor of economic factor). It can also effect in ne
more severe for PSU because in the private ban
Shadow Banking is the type of banking
nerally more rigid (Collateral and other securities) when it comes to lending money to the public, this ensures that default rate is comparativ
ets problem is more severe for PSU banks comparShadow banking refers to a group of financial entities who create credit across the financial sy
Shadow banking involves providing financial and banking services in absence of authority to d
NPAs of PSU banks is that many PSU banks had given many loans to certain organizations because of their political reasons and those or
prone to NPA problems because of their structu

Shadow banking is regarded as a parallel or subset banking where banks that are not register
alances in PSU banks lead to higher chances of people defaulting.

ng major losses due to NPAs will automatically
Providing
le the banking service to people but not under the head of a bank, either as a nbfc or in
d by government and in the interest of nationIfthany major transaction are made by the commercial banks that can affect the nation and not
are liable to give loans to farmers, labourers, etc. which stand a high chance of conversion into NPAs. The private banks are under no such
ced profits of PSUs on great scale leading to It refers to banking like activities, performed by non banking companies. They do not have to a
which PSU banks offer loans is lesser than that of private banks, which leads to more people preferring to borrow from PSU banks. With the
The term refers to the practice of banking like activities performed by non-banking finance com
more severe
employers tofor
payPSU
theirbanks compared
employees to privShadow
a minimum amount Banking
of wage is when
that a bank hides
is determined by its
thedeformities
government. with theidea
The helpbehind
of another bank.wage
minimum The trans
laws
such that the poor people are also able to uplift The shadow
their banking
standard system
of living andiscan
a term for the collection
get access of non-bank
to all the necessary financial intermediaries th
items.
rforming assets are the ones that have not been realized and probably wont be. The banks have gone into bad debt. The Public sector unit
e severe for PSUs because of their leniency inManipulating the data and credentials provided to the bank as evidence or statement to the fin
It is the non-bank financial intermediaries.
efficient
ed in maintaining
to corporates withoutand managing
proper the NPAs.
verification Also they are entitled to follow the government rules pertaining to public or government rela
of collateral.
PSU Banks compared to Private Banks.
nt and
mum hence
wage decrease
under poverty scheme for a fixed number of days of work
the MNREGA
beneficiary to avoid any form of corruption
anks have stringent credit quality requirements before disbursing loans. The process of obtaining loans from PSU is comparatively easier co
omes, employability etc.
her chances of corruption Opening fake accounts in a bank and later showing other NPA's on the name of these accoun
al credit policies and loose terms and conditi The shadow banking system is very important for the economy because it provides funding to
ined with debt and with no money flowing from Shadow
these NPAs
banking
, itrefers
becomes
to a difficult
situation forwhen
the PSU
the NBFC
bankscreate
to meet
a its
system
operating
of financial
expenses
credit
requirem
in the
ets are a greater threat to PSUs as compare toShadow Banking involves financial intermediaries making financial global credit sources availa
se in the proportion of dependent population.

Shadow bankers are non-bank financial institutions which provides services similar to banks b
nythe
Capitalism Shadow
sanctions of loans are mostly of loose credit banking
policies refersterms
and weak to a group of financial
and conditions intermediaries
which facilitating
leads to poor BGC and themore
creation
NPAsof credit b
vate banks are less than the total no.of PSU banks in india, so the effect on PSUs is more than the effect on private banks.
more
mandefficient
for jobsoperations
increases, through which they
not necessarily withca
These
rise are the Thus,
in supply. operations undertaken
population growthbyresults
Non Banking
in higherFinancial Companies
unemployment rates,(NBFC). Their ma
more consumpti
Lending and banking activities performed by institutions outside the banking sector.
ector lenders has a risk control unit and there is also a third-party review that randomly checks the credentials of the borrower. The maximu
SBs strictly follow KYC norms and the borrower Shadow
has to banking
visit the refers
branchtooffice
oftenofhigh-yield
the banklending
a number
undertaken
of times to
byavail
NBFCsof the
that
loan.
takes
The
place
rateouts
of in
ded bythe
hance thefood
government and as awage
security through resultemplayment
the debt rises for the psu banks
for the Indian poor A shadow banking system is the group of financial intermediaries facilitating the creation of cre
t problem is more severe for PSU cause it beco

shadow banking system is the group of financial intermediaries facilitating the creation of cred
ve stricter norms for lending money and also Shadow banking is when a bank invests in a firm or a corporation through other accounts.
e for insolvency but PSU has high stake of public invetments attached to it. Most of the government bodies use PSUs money for the econom
Shadow
opportunities, business ventures etc) eg India, China banking refers to operations of (NBFCs) Non-banking Financial Service Companies. T
Other than traditional banking corporations, there are certain non-banking financial corporation
s loan at lower interests and also more in numb
Non banking financial companies are the ones which acts as shadow banks and they do the le
anks have liberal credit policies which makes it even difficult for the bank to recover from from a NPA.
Practice of banking activities performed by non banking finance companies, which are not sub
e NPA problem in public sector banks is due tThe shadow banking system is the collection of non-bank financial intermediaries that provide
e severe for PSU banks because

as -: they hold a major portion of investment from the government. Therefore, any loss to it would be have to be
ublic sector banks cater to a larger population as compared to the private sector banks, NPAs are considerably larger and the losses huge.
government owned banks, they tend to be laxed and hence do not record NPAs easily as compared to private banks which need to strictly a
ivate banks is more Conducted by unregulated entities
tly controlled by the government and the stakShadow Banking is the banking which involves supporting other financial institution and thus h
ces to provide
higher for to
exposure thepeople
addedlike
population. On the
Vijay Mallya hand,
& Nirav a country can utilise its working population for development of the nation
Modi
Shadow Banking
the option of falling back on government for recapitalization refers were
& hence to thelax
services that are similar to that of a bank but is free from many o
in lending.
stics, upwards of 87% cases of Non Performing Assets actually originate from PSU banks. The reason is private banks have stringent regu
payment due to the NPA of PSU Banks, the onus of managing the loss falls on the government because these public sector banks are back
set up for the welfare of the public and not with the profit motive unlike the private banks. All the schemes of the government can be taken b
bound to provide loans to underdeveloped people because of its nature of being government controlled.
A group
s of digitalization and use the skills to overcome financial regulators creating credit without being monitored.
poverty
of people availing services of PSU banks is much larger than private banks. So the level of NPAs will be more in PSUs than private ones
Shadow banks are financial institutes which have banking operations but are not regulated.the
etter
y PSU management
banks were and
morecorporate governance.
than private banks. The due diligence norms are tighter.
d administration, low quality of checks on parameters
Shadow of banking
whetherrefers
a candidate
to banking
would
practices
be able
with
to virtual
repay the
money.
loan, collateral not being up to ma
A financial firm which is not a bank, but acting like a bank by lending money
It is a term for the collection of non-bank financial intermediaries outside normal banking regul
es are implemented for the customers with bank loans. The number of bad loans for PSU banks is greater than the number of bad loans fo
and the bank employees are more complacent A shadow banking system is when a or a group of Non Banking Financial Corporation facilitate
The shadow banking system is a term for the collection of non-bank financial intermediaries th
e severe for PSU banks because their have been various instances where it was noticed that large corporates directly influence the officials
maller scale and more risky. One smaller bank operates in shadow of another bank.
on of employees is not linked to the performance of the banks. Hence due to job security and prevalence of corruption, they may have been
ng them with insurance.

nks the onus of getting rid of the PSA's would fall on the backs of government. A lot of government controlled industries are already incurrin
ets are a more serious concern for PSUs due to multiple reasons.
ral credit policies and loose terms and conditions of loans, deficiencies in the credit sanctions, and disbursements of loans.
SU because they were working under the pressur Shadow banking is a parallel banking that is not controlled by the central bank. It is not legal.
g assets increase for a PSU bank, the Government injects cash and bails out the bank to avoid bankruptcy. Unfortunately, the money which
et days of employment.
s sanction
ount unsecured
of money loans
if unable due to employment.
to provide high politi These are monetary institutions that provide credit without any regulatory framework
Shadow banking refers to the bigger banks help small or new banks in their operations for som
ase of PSU banks in comparison to private sector banks because higher bad loans or NPAs leads to lower profits and lower return on asse
to productivity and hence help in improving the economic terms of the country and improving its gdp. Growth in population also leads to les
of supply of food and healthcare facilities.
Rs. 500 per pregnancy to women belonging toA poor shadow
households
banking for
system
pre-natal
is theand
group
post-natal
of financial
maternity
intermediaries
care uptofacilitating
first two live
thebirths.
creation
The
ofben
cre
lending and other banking activities by unregulated bodies.
the pressure.
have
ettingtoloans
be fulfilled by the government. It furt Shadow banking is the term given to the banking system containing institutions ehich offer ser
place to find quality of loans. Shadow Banks are an amalgamation of all non-depository financial institutions like Investment
e on consumption and a further fall in alreadyShadow banking refers to the practice of banking like activities performed by non-banking fina
ply of goods, that leads to increase in imports which in turn gives us a deficit in balance of payments.
This refers to intermediaries that provide services to customers similar to traditional banks but
re to PSU banks because its lending depends upon directives of government while private banks can control the lending of potential bad loa
Financial institutions
Shadow banking that
is the are name
other not regulated.
used for non banking financial institutions (NBFCs).These
The types of loans which NBFC mostly give are- gold loan, auutomobile loan, loan for propert
ts problem is more severe for PSU because their main job is to help and give large loans to the companies that are starting their business o
ent and irrational lending, red tapeism. Banking system where a group of entities help in creation of credit without a high level of regu
in the policy of PSU banks. They do not focusShadow banking is used to find loopholes(unregulation practices) in the system. It is related to
Shadow banking are banks that provide financial facilities but do not obey all financial regulati
ural areas.
help like credit, insurance, etc. Shadow banking is done by institutions that provide banking functions but are not banks them
nting loans in public sector banks are lenient Firms that are non banking in nature providing similar services to that of traditional banking ou
Non banking financial company - they are responsible for providing loans but they are not allo
welfare motivated so they have less stringentNonlen banking institutions which provide similar services
s in the running of PSU banks, lack of accou The shadow
Shadow banking
Banking is a term usually used to describe NBFCs(Non-Banking Financial Strategy. T
system
Shadow banking for
is a term the
is another term for non-banking financial institutions or NBFCs. They provide
collection of non-bank
When banking activities are performed by non -banking companies, it is called shadow bankin
financial intermediaries that
nder NPA is generally consider a loss with no Non banking
provide financial
services similarcompanies
to are also called shadow banks.
traditional commercial
banks but outside normal
banking regulations. 2 11
It is a group of
intermediaries helping in
IL&FS is example
credit creation of
on global
shadow bank
financial system but the 18
members are doesn't come
under any regulation
2 oversight
The system of banking 2 26
which facilitates the creation
It
ofiscredit
the practice of banking
but are not subject
like activities
to any performed by
regulations 2 17
non-banking finance
companies, which are not
subject to strict regulation.
These institutions function 13
as intermediaries
Shadow between
banking system
the investors and the
are non-bank financial
borrowers
mediator that provide 2 10
banking services but is
outside normal banking
regulations. 2 21
20
by the NBFCs i.e. the Non
Banking Financial
Companies. NBFCs do not
have
Shadow an official
bankingbanking
is a
license and
system which cannot accept
facilitates the
demand deposits nor
system of credit creation. can
be
Theya part of the
include payments
investment
system.
banks, NBFC's, etcNBFCs
However, which 6
have
are notbeen playingbanks
traditional a crucial
but
role
they in lendingthe
support money and
traditional
creating
banks. optimal credit flow 2 11
in significant sectors like
real estate, automobile etc.
wherein the commercial
banks are not ready to lend 5
due to a lot of limitations
and higher risk. Thus, while
the NBFCs do not have a 7
banking license and cannot
accept demand deposits,
they have been playing a
very crucial role of providing 13
financial services to crucial
sectors of the economy by
creating active credit flow. 21
ns to farmers and rural india 7

blems. The practice followed by NBFC. Where they follow banking process but they
Institute that act like banks but are not regulated by one
ate banks have better and stricter guidelines they adhere to when giving out loans. NPAs occur due to non repayment of loans. Hence, due
Shadow
SU or private have to meet the criteria of Priority sectorbanking
lendingmeans activitiesthe
too. However, performed by nonalso
general public banking
has aentities.
view thatFordefaulting
examp at a govern
The termpolicies
uption by corporates, RBI came up with very stringent refers to
forthe practice
NPA, whichofrequired
bankingcompanies
like activities performed
to disclose by Non
their non-b- performing assets,
severe for PSUs as compared with Private Banks.
Non - Banking Financial Institutes
banks, PSU banks dont tie performance with incentives. The managers do not have the desired motivation to deliver better performance.
A practice of unregulated banking followed by regulated institutions
Subjective Questions Score (Out of 30) Total Score (Subjective + Objective)
ch are un-regulated
t a big chunk of the loans to farmers and agriculture workers which in recent times have been unable to payback the loans.
ivate banks on the other hand didnt give a lot of such loans.
could have used in better places and not just for compensatory uses.
bject to regulatory authorities
eople) and the Atmanirbhar program (aimed at encouraging local manufacturing and rise in local businesses.)
because it provides funding to traditional banks. Thus, without this funding, traditional banks would not lend money, which would then slow
e in shadow banking- where in there are multiple banking activities that they cannot partake in, but they can provide loans/ solutions to clien
g under the purview of banking regulations.
hadow banking.
hadow banking
FCs are called shadow banking because they can lend to the people without holding a banking license. They were formed to provide loans
n of credit across the global financial system and excludes regulatory oversight and can be also termed as regulated institutions
e not subjected to strict rules and regulation. They act as intermediaries between investors and consumers.
ntral banks. they help in credit creation but are not subject to regulatory oversight.
gulations but performs similar to that of commercial banks.
al banking sector eg. NBFC
through an NBFC or a Non banking financial company, which provide some of the services that a bank does but at the same time does no
banking services as other normal banks but are not covered under any legal regulations
y providers of credit , but are able to dodge regulations illegally.
tive value for them which in turn would reflect that it is difficult for them to control the money distribution.
er than the bank perform the functions of the bank like distrubuting loans etc . This can be used in purchase of equipment for self/factory use
s the accountability and hence increases defaults.

banks give out loans to their customers. Here the interest rates are comparatively higher.
one by unregulated authorities.
mal market which lends money quickly but on higher interest rate.
s facilitating the creation of credit across the global financial system but whose members are not subject to regulatory oversight.
financial
sits (loans)activities but don't fall under the regulations implied on banks.
ce,
egulated by the Central Bank of the Country
it growth but they are not subjected to regulatory supervision.
es that handle the financial services in the country. These are usually known as non-banking financial institutions, that borrow their money f
ve the license to provide deposit and other related banking facilities, but can provide loan facility.
tate credit creation but they are not regulated by the authorities. They provide similar services as compared to the commercial banks.
utions provide banking services without normal banking regulations

vide the services of a commercial bank but outside the rules and regulations of banks.
panies who are in the business of banking but without any regulation or approval from the authorities.
work on behalf of the clients. Eg- execution of the will after a person's demise
FC) is generally known as shadow banking

do not have banking licences are come under shadow banking.
whereas PSUs face intense public scrutiny from all sides.

mpared to the PSUs. Thus the NPA problem of private banks is less.
loans without a formal structure these people usually provide loans at a much higher interest rate but take much lesser time to process and
ces similar to traditional commercial banks but outside normal banking regulations.
entities for conducting transaction without revealing the mediator's identity. This is done to maintain anonymity of transactions.
they help raise funds for infrastructure projects without being categorized as banks.
banks, it is called shadow banking.
ld more deposits compared to private banks, NPA is a more severe problem for them.
with loans under unlawful or unregulated system.
o the people but don't come under the regulatory institute (ex. RBI).
dow or behind the usual banking institutions. It could refer to the lending of money as loans by so called financers who are not an integral p
SUs in case of bankruptcy thus not giving them encouragement to work on their efficiency.
est to poor, high default risk individuals more than Private Banks.
readily to its consumers compared to private banks and hence they find themselves in more dire situation
regulated units of regulated institutions) to create credit without being subjected to regulatory oversight. Here, the lenders, brokers and othe
across the financial system
of money is not accountable and cannot be traced.
ck before granting a loan
egulated institutions, then it is called shadow banking
em of due diligence. PSU banks are also subject to interference by bureaucracy.
ions of a bank, without following the nominal banking regulations.
accepting money from the people. They solely reply on the process of lending and borrowing of money on projects and other needs. Gene
any regulatory authority. they usually demand a higher rate of interest because they do a limited credit risk check and its easier to receive m
lated by any authority
a company from behind the scenes and is a silent investor
ctioned to company'd without proper scrutiny and only on the basis for their political connections. Hence leading to large number of NPA
diaries disregarding the regulations involved.
o provide services similar to traditional commercial banks but do not adhere to normal banking regulations.
loans to favorable clients.
s without much regulation.
n public than private sector banks
t a certain target for extending loans, this affects the quality of loan assets
al banks, banking regulations does not apply to them. Mainly they are involved in giving loans.
e on the citizens of the country as the money infused is the tax paid by citizens. Private banks themselves are accountable for all the NPAs
t follow the usual norms for the same
hat provide services similar to traditional commercial banks outside normal bank regulations.
performed by non-banking finance companies, which are not subject to strict regulation.
astructure projects. They help in construction of roads, dams, commercial as well as office spaces by providing access to funds for intereste
Closure of any public bank due to rising NPA can cost a lot because it becomes government responsibility to cover all the loss and it also l
esn't give enough power to PSU's to take necessary initiatives quickly to resolve issues.
anking. Any transaction done under the table without using the formal banking set up.
form unregulated activities.
nterest by a high margin
us accounts to reduce the liability to pay taxes to the government.
ate banks. An NPA only adds to the woes of high outgoing than incoming for a PSU. Hence, an NPA is a problem more severe for a PSU th
might not always be the case for PSUs.

r private banks. NBFC comes under this category.
duals with low credit rating which leads to higher NPAs.
vement of money. They don't function like normal scheduled banks. They have an entire different mechanism of money movement
elevant regulations.
y to firms for projects
not. For example an investment bank does work of a shadow bank.

cilitates the creation of credit
nies-which serves the same purpose as that of banks but they are not regulated .
nking system
advances but in reality the loans are fraudulent and are siphoned to related party.Examples are IL&FS
ems and institutions which are outside the regular control of the regular banking environment. These firms generate and offer credit to indivi
t provides services similar traditional banks without regulations from the government.
provide services like the commercial banks.
ue to higher risk taking, the probability of the loan takers defaulting is also higher. Thus, the problem is more severe in PSU Banks.
ctivities but not being subjected to same regulations as a bank. The activities are un-regulated here.
s are not regulated or listed.
tinancial aid to awhere

is the market particular client. High Net-worth individuals etc go to borrow capital from. The Shadow Banking industry is not regulated b
companies,
as the ability to take on riskier advances. For example, the shadow banking sector is responsible for the majority of credit extended to the In
by non banking financial corporations. One example is IL&FS
pting deposits and extending loans by NBFCs that do not come under RBI.
NBFCs. These are the financial institutions that provide loans to high risk assets and charge a high interest rate in return. These are not well
nother Major bank
nvolved may come under Shadow Banking
activities performed by NBFCs, which are not subject to strict regulation. However, these institutions function as intermediaries between the
mpared to private banks.
y to the banks
but lend mainly to retail customers. eg. ILFS
ot performing well such as agriculture, real estate, if the government policy intends to give a boost to these sectors, granting loans in such s
nt schemes and regulations, while private banks do not give out loans too easily, they tend to check every aspect to know if the person will
ents but are cannot accept demand deposits and participate in payment transaction
ot proper banks and can only do some functions of a bank.
ain business and people even though reluctantly (eg, special provision for easy loans for farmers). Also, certain PSUs have been alleged of
medium enterprises
le who have no other jobs can work under this scheme and can increase the cash flow in a market. Without any bias, people are given wor
credit globally but members are not adhered to regulatory oversight.
ments of collateral to be provided in order to secure a loan.Whereas private banks have to provide collaterals and are only then provided lo
her interest payments but with riskier investments
economic development of any country.

tomers are evaluated constantly
urces to pay the general customers.

inancial institutes which are subject to lesser amount of regulations.
ic industries in line with existing debts that they might have
struction and road projects

00 days employment undertaken
to all rural by thethus
households government.
increasingDue
theirtoincome
operational inefficiences, many of these projects take a much longer time
easing their meagre household income.
fied or registered or permitted to work as a Bank by RBI. The NBFC, Financial Institutions which provide credit are classified under shadow
prevalent parallel economy. for example peer to pee lending

ent in their checks and optimize their portfolio.
on-formal banking sector. For Example: Farmers taking loans from Zamindaars
se but doesnt comes under rules and regulation, it is unregulated.
impacting the economic development.
nce institutes that are not subject to strict regulations
o recapitalization which draws in people money collected from taxes. It also have big effect on the ruling govt. Private banks are not bothere
s is known as shadow banking
are carried out by a bank, without being registered as a bank or being regulated by RBI.
es that provide financial services such as loans and advances primarily to retail customers. However, unlike the formal banking sector, they
te banks with comparatively higher interest rates can atleast minimize the losses from other loans. PSU which has lower lending rates cann
y have less stringent norms in some cases which result in NPAs.
or
toperform other
the greater activities as They
opportunities. a bank butto
tend are
benot authorised
a little lineant or regulated
in their creditby the existing
evaluation laws for
process. banking.
This makes them to lend their money to risky b
wers who have good credit score.
ations. This is done by taking loans from bank and re lending it to other consumers.
n-banking finance companies, which are not under strict regulation.
specified rates by intermediateries is known as shadow banking.
arties. In case of private banks the vigilance and accountability for wrongful lending is high and helps reduce giving away loans to riskier pa
similar to banking but outside normal banking regulation.

s beyond the government's screening. It is informal, for example monylenders and hundi system etc.
ctly dependent on the financing activities facilitated by the PSUs more than private banks and hence a hit on such a structure could have m
ms are more relaxed in PSU BANKS.

wn as shadow banking
effering payments
by banks/institutions that are not regulated by the Government. This is illegal.
rns of a country. Higher per capita income, better the state. However, an increase in population would decrease the available resources pe
credit across global financial systems but whose members are not subject to regulatory oversight.
that provide services similar to traditional banks but outside normal banking regulations.
of credit but are not bound to rules.

al institutions which may not fall into the regular terms of any bank.
oreover, if a PSU bank has an NPA problem, it will reduce people's faith in the government and the whole banking process.
es to generate money supply.
non banking financial companies which provide funds.

ng bank in the market. It means to provide banking services
my so if their deposits take a toll its very difficult especially for the lower segment.
transactions
uals. Higher the proportion of these people more budget needs to be allocated to the welfare schemes which decreases the capital in hand
not banks perform activities that a typical bank would. They do not hold savings accounts or public's money, but provide them with credit, h
tside the normal banking regulations

adow banking
onal banks. eg investment banks, hedge funds.
dow Banking.
and safety measures to protect them from falling. Private banks have large deposits and they also invest in other assets like mortgage back
uritism.
n the scenario where credit is given to a lot of companies who lack capabilities to pay back that credit.
e not governed by Banking Regulation Act 1949
Hence the NPA problem is more severe. It is seen in the cases with Vijay Mallaya and SBI.
ow Banking,
nding huge sum of money without assessing the credible health of the companies. However, there were stringent norms and better credit h
ed by non-banking finance companies, which are not subject to strict regulation. Although these entities do not accept traditional demand de
y approve of. hence PSUs have higher NPA
eads to higher chances of badly predicted loans and hence higher NPAs.
performed by non-banking finance companies, which are not subject to strict regulation. These institutions function as intermediaries betwee
mally regulated.
em to give out riskier loans. Private banks also have to be more careful as PSU banks are backed by the government and therefore can affo
ted by unregulated institutions.
nd is adds
This liableto
todeficit
pay money
budgettoofitsthe
owners by printing
government. Andmore
thus,currency which
the burden will leads
of these NPAsto fall
increase in inflation
upon the and of
population eventually affects the growth o
the country.
posits account but can lend money to the people and the organizations.
can be an issue.
his lead to NPAs
t bound by such stringent regulations and focus more on the valuation of its customers to ensure less defaults.
moreover PSU banks have to follow certain regulations and offer concessionary policies to the Public Sector companies, thus a heavier rel
unregulated, and their activities not overlooked by the central bank. They perform similar functions of credit formation as regulated banks d
tterment of the society at large. However there maybe instances where they do not improve their performance and remain a loss making en
s. Unlike banks, NBFCs cannot accept personal deposits and have to rely on loans by other banks and financial institutions.
mortgage loans, etc. They also invest in various infrastructural projects.
a difference in the terms and conditions of the two sectors.
nks have much higher NPAs in their accounts compared to the private ones.
s is at stake.
ave to be found. In the case of private banks, they can simply be shut down.
tion of credit globally for different financial institutions. They are not under any regulations and obligations. They are basically not regulated
y regulatories which are not authorized to control and the people who are officially in contr
ck of credit of borrowers
de of regulated financial norms. This term has negative connotations and is associated with illegal practices of lending. Eg: Loan sharks who
ation and distribution of credit with being a formal part of banking systems. They are a primary source of capital for banks and organisation
ss global financial system
ad of lending directly to customers.
blic, while private banks' purpose is profit maximization. A lot of times PSU don't take mortgages which increase the risk factor for PSU
s facilitating the creation of credit across the global financial system but whose members are not subject to regulatory oversight
nking Sector.
I or any other central agency facilitating credit creation
entures. A lot of organisations, smaller retailers and poorer members of the society are not able to obtain loan from banks for multiple reaso
rly to a commercial bank however the members are not subject to banking regulations.
which comes under government, holds a number of tenders & auctions before selling an NPA and hence it complicates the process of disinv
at facilitate credit creation
e the huge number of checks they do before giving out a loan. This makes sure that they have those loans in their portfolio that can be paid
similar to commercial banks.
by non-banking finance companies which are not subject to strict regulation. However, these institutions function as intermediaries betwee
n access to primarily retail customers
1. when the commercial banks were running out of liquidity due to the excess credit provided during earlier period to industries and now is u
s facilitating the creation of credit across the global financial system but whose members are not subject to regulatory oversight. The shado
sion is called shadow banking.

e funds available with goverment for welfare of the country.
e banks in the economy. It comprises of various non banking institutions which offer similar services to the commercial banks.
urden full loss due to Non performing Assets.
nks. Therefore, even their NPAs are lower as compared to those of PSUs.
outside the purview of commercial banks. Loans are provided at a higher interest rate. Eg-Loan sharks
edit transfers
n of credit across the global financial system but are not subject to regulatory oversight.
banks so if there is an NPA then they won't get that much money from the other clients
ank
on tofinancial
pay backbanks thatisprovide
and this provedservices similarcases
by the recent to traditional
of Nirav banks
modi , but outside
Vijay normal
mallaya wherebanking regulations
the largest chunk of money is lend by public bank
he bank which doesn't incentive them to follow disburse high quality loans.
nd overall economic development.
ge in practices that are against the regulations.
t as tightly regulated by the central banks, as banks are, they do not accept deposits & have functions similar to a bank. Can lend.
atio is a far better measure to see how well an economy works because it shows the standard of living of the people in a country. For ex, Ind
PSU are also involved in govt projects.
ng by the same bank at the same rate is known as Shadow Banking

e not found under lens of any regulator.
cial banks step in to lend money to the people in order to meet the increase in demand for credit. Those are not official banks, but are simila
ayments Corporation of India allowing Google Pay to function in the country.
anks or firms.
at provide services similar to those of commercial banks but without the banking regulations thus making easy availability of credit to differe
ilities but they are outside the banking regulation and have their own norms.
rating increase in population might worsen the situation by increasing burden of government.
t under regulation of government authorities are called Shadow Banks, Shadow Banking are the facilities provided by such bank like high ri
performed by NBFC's which are not subject to strict regulation by central bank when compared to banks
facilitaing the creation of credits across global financial system but who members are not subject to regulatory.
ho provide some of the bank like services but without banking regulations.
t across global financial system and its members are not subject to regulatory oversight.
nking services outside the banking regulations.
shadow banking. Eg: Zamindars giving loan to farmers
nks and outside regulations. Investment banks, hedge funds.
n lend funds but don't operate under traditional banking rules. eg- Hedge Funds
are not penalized for lackadaisical management thus the managers don't follow proper checks while sanctioning loans to business houses
to deposit money repayable at demand. They are called shadow banks they carry out banking activities but do not have rights to do so
ut with no regulatory overdight.

ng services to customers like a bank, apart from the services of accepting deposits from the public.
on- banking finance companies and they remain outside the regulatory framework of banking.
charge unregulated interest on credit while lending money to people
ether to provide banking facilities.
.When financial intermediaries facilitate the creation of credit across global financial system but they are not subjected to regulations that is
opment projects for nation building
gent rules regarding their credit policy and thus, their Non- performing Assets tend to be higher compared to the private banks.
ther financial institutions.

nemployment, affecting the economy in an adverse manner.
nly operate by providing various kinds of loans and they cannot accept any deposits from public.
third party at a higher interest rate by obtaining a Loan from bank at a lower interest rate
retail customers. cannot accept deposits from public

tive impact on economic development.
to more bad loans(~8-10%) while private banks such as HDFC give loans mainly to retail clients which leads to lesser NPA's(~1.5%)
which can utlized for the welfare schemes.
India has to step in to infuse funds in the PSUs in order to save it which will not be an efficient use of the taxpayers money. This is because
s of the govt stringently. For example, the govt recently increased the LTV ratio so that the banks could lend more money against the collat
ey at a rate of interest to the customers.
s/company are not done, whereas in the private banks the governance guidelines are strict and they often have a checks and balances in e
creating credit but they are not subjected to the same regulations.
ntities at a much higher interest rate and hence are not governed by the RBI.
re outside the scope of regulated banking system in a country . It is a blanket term used to describe financial activity of the non banking fina
ated by any overarching laws.
factor). It can also effect in negative way as the population increases, economic resources being limited, it can lead to shortage of supply w
that default rate is comparatively low
e credit across the financial system but are not subject to regulations.
es in absence of authority to do the same.
political reasons and those organizations may have defaulted later. Another reason is that PSU banks are influenced by the government a
ere banks that are not registered do banking either on an individual level or in direct relation with bigger banks. It is considered as a malpra
of a bank, either as a nbfc or informal unstructured manner.

can affect the nation and not disclosed to RBI.
ivate banks are under no such obligation.

mpanies. They do not have to adhere to strict regulations.
row from PSU banks. With the existence of NPAs, with the money they are lending out not coming back, it becomes difficult for them to car
ed by non-banking finance companies, which are not subject to strict regulation
elp of another bank. The transactions are unclear in this form of banking. It refers to a type of banking where one bank covers for another b
ank financial intermediaries that provide services similar to traditional commercial banks but outside normal banking regulations.
ad debt. The Public sector units(banks) or PSUs are under the government regulation and the loan given to the people are from the governm
vidence or statement to the financial workings is known as shadow banking
ng to public or government related schemes.
PSU is comparatively easier compared to Private banks.
on the name of these accounts.
because it provides funding to traditional banks and without this funding, traditional banks would not lend money, which would then slow gro
ystem of financial credit in the economy
ial global credit sources available and who are unregulated.
des services similar to banks but their activities are not subject to be regulated by the government.Its purpose to create credit across global
ilitating
BGC and themore
creation
NPAs of credit but are not subject to regulatory oversight. It also refers to unregulated activities of regulated institutions.
private banks.
Companies (NBFC). Their main operations are in providing loans to the retail sector
the banking sector.
y NBFCs that takes place outside the regular banking sector which are not subject to strict regulation.
s facilitating the creation of credit across the global financial system but whose members are not subject to regulatory oversight. It also refe
acilitating the creation of credit across the global financial system but whose members are not subject to regulatory oversight.
n through other accounts.
e PSUs money for the economic and infrastructure development.if the NPAs of PSU will increase it will add more pressure to the governme
Financial Service Companies. They are allowed to lend money and advance funds to the retailers and other small segments of the economy
n-banking financial corporations who are also in the business of giving out loans. But since the latter is not governed by the same rules as b
adow banks and they do the leasing activities
companies, which are not subject to strict regulations.
ial intermediaries that provide services similar to traditional commercial banks. this is done outside the normal banking regulations.
y loss to it would be have to be beared by the government of the country. Also, PSU banks can be influenced by the various officials and thu
ly larger and the losses huge. These losses when accumulated over time hampers the PSUs existence.
e banks which need to strictly abide by the regulations of RBI and hence cannot go easy on this.
financial institution and thus helping him to set up operations and carry out financial banking transactions
ment of the nation
a bank but is free from many of the stringent regulations that banks have to face.
ate banks have stringent regulatory checks on the people/companies they are providing loans to while it's the prerogative of the PSU banks
e public sector banks are backed by the government. If the NPAs are really high in value it eventually increasing thus expenses and thus ad
he government can be taken benefit of only through the public sector banks. If there is an NPA problem in the public sector, the country suff
e in PSUs than private ones

tions but are not regulated.they generally have higher interest rates, but given credit more easily.
ding money
outside normal banking regulations that provide services similar to traditional commercial banks.
an the number of bad loans for private banks. Thus, NPA problem more severe for PSU banks compared to private banks.
Financial Corporation facilitates the creation of credit across the global financial system but whose members are not subject to regulatory o
ank financial intermediaries that provide services similar to traditional commercial banks but outside normal banking regulations. The phras
directly influence the officials to provide them with loans which results in not checking upon the repayment credibility of the company.
orruption, they may have been lenient while granting loans
industries are already incurring huge losses so the mere presence of NPA's in a government controlled sector would reflect badly on the co
ents of loans.
e central bank. It is not legal.
Unfortunately, the money which is used is the taxpayer's money. Essentially, the money which was in circulation in the economy is being tak
egulatory framework
anks in their operations for some period of time or small banks has to take inform banks for big transactions.
rofits and lower return on assets and private banks are profit making entities whose existence depends on these returns. But in case of pub
in population also leads to less employment opportunities in the future.
s facilitating the creation of credit across the global financial system but whose members are not subject to regulatory oversight.
ning institutions ehich offer services similar to a bank but do not come under banking regulation.
cial institutions like Investment banks, NBFCs, Hedge funds,etc.
performed by non-banking finance companies, which are not subject to strict regulation. However, these institutions function as intermediarie
similar to traditional banks but are outside normal banking regulations.

the lending of potential bad loans.
al institutions (NBFCs).These are institutions that are involved in providing advances and loans to retail customers mostly.They don't accep
tomobile loan, loan for property and loans for agricultural sectors.
at are starting their business or anything as a result of this, sometimes the opposite party don't give money to the back which leads to NPA
dit without a high level of regulation by authorities.
s) in the system. It is related to regulation by financial institutions.
o not obey all financial regulations.
ctions but are not banks themselves. They don't fall under the purview of banking regulations.
o that of traditional banking outside the regulatory frameworks is called Shadow Banking. recently neo-banking platforms outside india have
ing loans but they are not allowed to open accounts in this kind of banking
-Banking Financial Strategy. These banks don't act like a normal commercial bank. One can't open up a bank account or withdraw money l
utions or NBFCs. They provide loans to retail customers. But they cannot take any deposits from the public. Which means that they can only
ies, it is called shadow banking.
29
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yback the loans.
money, which would then slow growth in the wider economy. It is mainly used to create credit in the financial system.
n provide loans/ solutions to clients on a short notice, depending on requirement and credit score, etc.
ey were formed to provide loans to marginalised section of the country and where credit couldn't reach via banks.
regulated institutions
es but at the same time does not hold a 'banking' license and is not under regulatory scrutiny by the RBI, central and state governments like
e of equipment for self/factory use etc

regulatory oversight.
utions, that borrow their money from other private commercial and public sector banks, and lend to the niche sectors in the economy. They
d to the commercial banks.
much lesser time to process and also don't look at credit scores. This system is most prevalent in the rural sector these people are also ref
mity of transactions.
ancers who are not an integral part of any financial institutions.
ere, the lenders, brokers and other credit facilitators are included, who do not fall under the umbrella of traditional banking system.
projects and other needs. General public directly are not effected by it.
check and its easier to receive money from them.
ading to large number of NPA
are accountable for all the NPAs under them and will not be liquidated by taxpayer's money.
ding access to funds for interested parties.

to cover all the loss and it also lead to lack of trust among the stakeholder of the banks.
oblem more severe for a PSU than a private bank.

sm of money movement
generate and offer credit to individuals and institutions, but are not regulated by the required regulatory bodies, leading to instances of fraud
re severe in PSU Banks.
anking industry is not regulated by traditional banking laws and exists outside the Banking Industry to help support organizations which are n
jority of credit extended to the Indian MSME industries as they are willing to take on the additional risk.
rate in return. These are not well regulated in the sense that the norms governing them are lenient when compared to the commercial bank
n as intermediaries between the investors and the borrowers and provide credit apart from generating liquidity in the system.
sectors, granting loans in such sectors would lead to higher NPA's.
aspect to know if the person will be able to repay the loan or not.
rtain PSUs have been alleged of corruption in lending loans. Private banks are more cautious in lending loans and hence have lesser NPAs
t any bias, people are given work and wages accordingly. This helps to present poverty.
als and are only then provided loans. So, even if they default,money can be recovered through collaterals.
projects take a much longer time and have a large gestation period. Some of the projects might remain incomplete leading to an increase in
edit are classified under shadow banking.
vt. Private banks are not bothered by NPA because they follow all safety measure before providing loan not like PSU where influence can b
the formal banking sector, they cannot accept deposits from the public; they depend solely on lending and borrowing for their operations. T
hich has lower lending rates cannot increase the rate and PSU filing for bankruptcy will be a huge loss for the government and government o
hem to lend their money to risky borrowers which increases their NPA.
ce giving away loans to riskier parties.

on such a structure could have multiple repurcussions of grave intensity on the entire economy of the country.
ease the available resources per person.
banking process.
ch decreases the capital in hand for economic development.

ey, but provide them with credit, handle mutual funds, etc.
other assets like mortgage backed loans etc.
ingent norms and better credit health check by the private banks before lending money.
not accept traditional demand deposits offered by banks, they do provide services similar to what commercial banks offer.
unction as intermediaries between the investors and the borrowers and they generally provide credit and generate liquidity in the system.
overnment and therefore can afford to be more lenient.
nd of
eventually affects the growth of the economy.
the country.
or companies, thus a heavier reliance is there on the PSUs for the financial health of the economy.
t formation as regulated banks do.
nce and remain a loss making entity. This will lead to a severe problem of NPA for the PSU Banks.
ncial institutions.
They are basically not regulated activities.
of lending. Eg: Loan sharks who give out loans on huge collateral or on jewelry, more often than not they end up giving up all their assets
apital for banks and organisations.
ease the risk factor for PSU
regulatory oversight
an from banks for multiple reason. Often they are considered risky and hence banks do not provide them with loans. Here, NBFC's and othe
complicates the process of disinvestment.
in their portfolio that can be paid off in due time.
unction as intermediaries between the investors and the borrowers

period to industries and now is unable to recover those loan amounts then these shadow banks or financial institutions came up in the mark
regulatory oversight. The shadow banking system also refers to unregulated activities by regulated institutions.
commercial banks.
of money is lend by public banks.
ar to a bank. Can lend.
e people in a country. For ex, India's GDP is greater than UK's economy, however, the GDP per Capita of UK is 10 times greater than India
e not official banks, but are similar. It is harder to regulate shadow banks.
asy availability of credit to different organisations.

rovided by such bank like high risk loans to risky ventures. NBFCs form a part of shadow banks and a famous example is DHFL (Dewan Ho
ioning loans to business houses which later turns out a bad debt since they are not able to repay back the loan. SBI has the highest NPA's
ut do not have rights to do so
ot subjected to regulations that is shadow banking.
o the private banks.
ds to lesser NPA's(~1.5%)
axpayers money. This is because most of the Indian population depends on PSUs for its banking needs.
d more money against the collaterals. However, private banks may not follow this and might continue lending at the original LTV as they ar
have a checks and balances in each stage of advances, regular reporting to RBI as if not complied they may face backlashes in Stock mark
al activity of the non banking financial institutions.
can lead to shortage of supply which will increase the inflation.

influenced by the government and so they may have to save in some other banks or government organization.
nks. It is considered as a malpractice.
becomes difficult for them to carry out operations, making the problem more severe as compared to private banks.
re one bank covers for another bank which includes the illegal practices done by the banks.
l banking regulations.
the people are from the government fundings. While in private banks like ICICI or Axis bank, this is not the case. The loan given to the borr
oney, which would then slow growth in the wider economy.
se to create credit across global financial system.

es of regulated institutions.
regulatory oversight. It also refers to unregulated activities by regulated institutions
egulatory oversight.
d more pressure to the government as well as the tax payer citizens.
small segments of the economy by the way of gold loans, vehicle purchase loans, MSME's loans. However, they are not allowed to accept
governed by the same rules as banking corporations, it is prone to bad practices in lending, which may lead to loan sharking as well. This o
mal banking regulations.
ed by the various officials and thus provide a larger loan to other organisations and hence a loss would be very big.
he prerogative of the PSU banks to ensure more business investment comes in. So, they do provide loans more easily than private banks.
asing thus expenses and thus adding to the deficit of the country.
he public sector, the country suffers financially.
o private banks.
rs are not subject to regulatory oversight
l banking regulations. The phrase "shadow banking" contains the pejorative connotation of back alley loan sharks.
t credibility of the company.
ctor would reflect badly on the country.
ation in the economy is being taken out and used for bailing out the PSU banks.
hese returns. But in case of public sector banks, they have government backing and lack of private motives as an organization rather they
regulatory oversight.
titutions function as intermediaries between the investors and the borrowers, providing credit and generating liquidity in the system.
stomers mostly.They don't accept deposits from the public and depend primarily on wholesale lending and banks for their operations.
to the back which leads to NPA.
king platforms outside india have been following this framework.
ank account or withdraw money like they do from a normal bank. These banks run hedge funds and do other investment activities, hence th
Which means that they can only depend on lending and on banks for their operations. They give loans against gold and property.
tral and state governments like a legitimate banking institution.
sectors in the economy. They do not have the facility for public deposits but are important in creating credit in the economy.
ector these people are also referred to as loan sharks
onal banking system.

s, leading to instances of fraud and risk.
pport organizations which are not being able to avail credit from Banks.
pared to the commercial banks.
y in the system.
s and hence have lesser NPAs.
mplete leading to an increase in NPAs on the bank's books of account.
ike PSU where influence can be used to get loans. Private sector tries to eliminate the problem at the grass root level.
orrowing for their operations. They have a strong presence in sectors such as two-wheeler loans, consumer durable loans, vehicle finance,
government and government or RBI cannot afford this
banks offer.
erate liquidity in the system.
d up giving up all their assets and losing everything for nominal loan amounts.
h loans. Here, NBFC's and other organisations come in and provide them loans at litter higer interest rates. This process is known as shado
nstitutions came up in the market and provided the credit to the market and hence acted as a shadow of those banks
K is 10 times greater than India's.

s example is DHFL (Dewan Housing Finance Corporation)
an. SBI has the highest NPA's amongst all banks both public and driving home the point.
at the original LTV as they are afraid that the consumers will not be able to repay the loans and the NPAs would increae. PSU banks on th
face backlashes in Stock markets as well

ase. The loan given to the borrowers are not from government's accounts and any bad debt or NPAs in these banks are given from the stak
they are not allowed to accept deposits from the public. Thus, the rate of interest charged by the shadow banks are higher.
o loan sharking as well. This overall practice is referred to as the Shadow Banking.
ore easily than private banks. And hence, the reason of more defaulters/NPA problems with PSU banks as compared to private banks.
as an organization rather they are exposed to personal motives of employees.

liquidity in the system.
nks for their operations.
investment activities, hence the name "Shadow banking".

nst gold and property.
the economy.
durable loans, vehicle finance, gold loans etc.
his process is known as shadow banking.
ould increae. PSU banks on the other hand would have to follow the govt's orders.
banks are given from the stakeholders and investors pockets. Whereas in case of bad debts in PSUs is to be given by the government and
nks are higher.
ompared to private banks.

e given by the government and if this amount is huge, the tax payers have to pay ultimately. It is a loss to the nation and slogs the economi
nation and slogs the economic growth.

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Allocation S.

No Objective Questi What are the factors

Gautam Keswani less consumption

Gautam Keswani production quantity of oil, demand for oil,

Gautam Keswani Demand of the crude oil

oligopolies of the world. HencA4.few cons are:

slowdown. AViation sector has-Productivity

ernatives like electric

olitical stability, Availability No

1. Internet connectivity issue

n increase in the demand for Disturbance

2. Ones's personal life also gets affected

end is the benefits or the increase in the The

end refers to the value output given by segA2)major factorfrom

economy due to the change in the mean ag1. The people

end means that the economy has grown due There

end is the benefits that a country earns when

ffecting the businesses and the tax collection by thecontributing

Britain felt that it was contributing more to the European Union

Britain had a significant financial contribution annually to th

end means returns in production and GDP-2. fTrade limitation

Britain was contributing millions of pounds to EU without availi

UK performing better than other EU countries, especially the P

end is the resultant growth of an economy 1) due to the structural

wth potential that can result from shifts in age

end is the population which is in the work Britain as part concerns

end means the comparative advantage India

2- Britain thinks the Bureaucracies of EU are partial.

end refers to the dividend earned by a section

dend refers to the potential of a country to grow if there

An autonomy of taking decisions by Britian

dend is the group of people with 15 - 60 years of age in the population.

Dysfunctional economic entity

Autonomy of Operations and Trade

Indian based companies, in UK who used UK as a gateway to the Ensure

to Britain to Brexit will which

It can lead to a Free Trade Agreement between UK and India.

also uk is biggest investor in india so brexit can impact this

India has a majority of its population in the youth category and h

- Ensure upskilling of workforce to avoid redundancy in the skills

BREXIT is creating fear amongst investors and businesses around 1. Bythe

If unemployment rate will remain to be high in India it wont be ab

1. Changing Education system into a skilled based approach thu

the EU, wanted

Different policies to acquire education or work visa for EU and Britain

Immigration and new trade laws

India should start working on the improving the quality of demog

BREXIT will impact India in a

1. Ease of doing Business with UK.

on, training, employment, health and sufficientSince

d allows more people to be in the working sec-Increasing oil prices

se Repo rate is the the rate at Capital formation refers to investmendevaluation

When the government decreases the

ans reducing its exchange power in comparison to dolla

o as to strike a balance between the overall trade deficit

for devaluation to maintain economy supply Unemployment

cy to reduce the deficit.

ns decreasing the value of currency or the purchasingDisguised

of capital during a period of time.

adjustment of a country's currency value by the govt to

The skills of labor are under utilized

People who seemed to be employed but

Type of unemployment where people are