Name: Phanatcha Thedthong M.5/17 No.

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Name: Supattraraporn Anuttivong M.5/17 No.20
Quantum Computers
- Quantum computers are a phenomenal new technology.
- A computer is made up of very simple components doing very
simple things. Representing data, the means of processing it, and
control mechanisms.
- In the computer chips contains modules, which contain logic gates,
which contain transistors.
- A transistor is a binary switch and the fundamental building block of
computer circuitry. Like a light switch on the wall, the transistor either
prevents or allows current to flow through. A single modern CPU can
have hundreds of millions or even billions of transistors.
Combinations of several bits are used to represent more complex
information. Transistors are combined to create logic gates which still
do very simple stuff. Combinations of logic gates finally form
meaningful modules, say, for adding two numbers. Once you can
add, you can also multiply, and once you can multiply, you can
basically do anything.
- A typical scale for transistors is 14 nanometers.
- As transistors are getting smaller to the size with only a few atoms,
electrons may just transfer themselves to the other side of a blocked
passage via a process called Quantum Tunneling. Physics behaves
much differently in the quantum realm than in the predictable ways
we are used to, and traditional computers just cease making sense.
For our technical advancement, we are reaching a true physical
barrier. To overcome this challenge, scientists are developing
quantum computers that take advantage of these unique quantum
characteristics.
- Quantum computer is a device that manipulates atoms and
molecules, rather than bits of data.
- Quantum computer should be able to perform many calculations at
once and solve complex problems.
- The field was created in the 1980s by Paul Benioff, Richard Feynman
and David Deutsch.
- Quantum computer can be faster than normal computer up to 100
million times.
- Quantum computer rely on it's process unit; qubits, which are bits in
superposition state.
- A qubit can be any two-level quantum system, such as a spin and a
magnetic field, or a single photon. 0 and 1 are this system's possible
states, like the photons horizontal or vertical polarization. In the
quantum world, the qubit does not have to be just one of those, it can
be in any proportions of both states at once. This is called
superposition.
- These photons' value will be determined by a quantum gate.
- This leads to more flexible configuration of bits instead of using many
logic gates to determine the value of 2 numbers, we can determine
the final value with only 1 step.
- How fast is quantum computer exactly?
If we look at bits, which are calculated by a bunch of 0 and 1
arranged into 4 digits. We can only calculate 16 possible
arrangements or configuration of units. And you can use just 1.
But in quantum computer, qubits can be all of those 16
combinations at once, because it can be both 0 and 1. So if we
take 20 qubits, it can make 2 to the power of 20 or 1,048,576
combinations at once, while normal computer can only make 16
combinations at once and only pick 1. This is how quantum
computer is millions of times faster than traditional computer.
- Quantum computer research has been going on for more than three
decades, but development is accelerating now as companies look to
capitalize on recent advances in quantum computing theory and
experimental technology.