Pope Francis

Pope Francis (Latin: Franciscus; Italian: Francesco; Spanish: Francisco; born Jorge Mario
[b]
Bergoglio, 17 December 1936) is the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican
City State since 2013. Francis is the first pope to be a member of the Society of Jesus, the first from
the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere, and the first pope from outside Europe since
Gregory III, a Syrian who reigned in the 8th century.
Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio worked for a time as a bouncer and a janitor as a young
man before training to be a chemist and working as a technician in a food science laboratory. After
recovering from a severe illness, he was inspired to join the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) in 1958.
He was ordained a Catholic priest in 1969, and from 1973 to 1979 was the Jesuit provincial superior
in Argentina. He became the archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998 and was created a cardinal in 2001
by Pope John Paul II. He led the Argentine Church during the December 2001 riots in Argentina.
The administrations of Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner considered him to be a
political rival. Following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI on 28 February 2013, a papal conclave
elected Bergoglio as his successor on 13 March. He chose Francis as his papal name in honor of
Saint Francis of Assisi. Throughout his public life, Francis has been noted for his humility, emphasis
on God's mercy, international visibility as pope, concern for the poor and commitment to
interreligious dialogue. He is credited with having a less formal approach to the papacy than his
predecessors, for instance choosing to reside in the Domus Sanctae Marthae guesthouse rather
than in the papal apartments of the Apostolic Palace used by previous popes.
Francis maintains the traditional views of the Church regarding abortion, clerical celibacy, and the
ordination of women, but has initiated dialogue on the possibility of deaconesses and has made
women full members of dicasteries in the Roman Curia. He maintains that the Church should be
more open and welcoming for members of the LGBT community, and favors legal recognition of
[2][3][4]
same-sex couples. Francis is an outspoken critic of unbridled capitalism and free market
[5]
economics, consumerism, and overdevelopment, and advocates taking action on climate change,
a focus of his papacy with the promulgation of Laudato si'. In international diplomacy, he helped to
restore full diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba and supported the cause of
refugees during the European and Central American migrant crises. Since 2018, he has been an
[6][7]
opponent of populism. He has faced criticism from theological conservatives on many questions,
including his promotion of ecumenism, as well as admitting civilly divorced and remarried Catholics
[8]
to communion with the publication of Amoris laetitia.