Lucid Dream 4.0. Feb 02 2020

THE PERSPECTIVES OF MENTAL HEALTH RELATED PROFESSIONALS IN RELATION TO LUCID DREAMING: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS
The Perspectives of Mental Health Related Professionals in Relation to Lucid Dreaming:
A Thematic Analysis
Abella, Mary Rose
Bacud, Micahella
David, Patrick James
Dayrit, Kurt Allen
Ocampo, Irish Margarette
This research is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Senior High School –
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand
Don Honorio Ventura State University
December 2019
DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 1

APPROVAL SHEET

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank the Almighty God for giving an
everlasting blessing, strength, intelligence, and will throughout the work of the researchers that
enables them finish the research successfully. The researchers would also like to express deep
and genuine appreciation to the people behind the success of this paper.
To the validators, for verifying the proponents' research questions that contribute a huge
help in finishing the research.
To the participants, for giving such time, for allowing the researchers to interview, and
for allocating enough data to contribute on researchers’ limited knowledge.
To Mr. Christian D. Cruz, who helped the proponents to have a participant in Angeles
City.
To the hospitals around Guagua, Angeles City and City of San Fernando, for allowing the
researchers in conducting interview to the professionals inside the said facilities.
To the class and thesis adviser of the proponents, Mr. John Reinjoe F. Namit, for staying
right next to the proponents' side until reaching success.
Last but not the least, to the parents, family, and friends of the proponents for showing
and giving a constant source of inspiration and support. For encouraging and believing in them.
Without all these people, this research paper would not be successful.

DEDICATION
The researchers humbly dedicated this study to every people who unceasingly supported
and invigorated them, particularly:
Mr. Arnold C. Abella and Mrs. Ma. Sylvia B. Rosales;
Mr. Nestor C. Bacud and Mrs. Emelyn G. Bacud;
Mrs. Jenneth Valdez David;
Mr. Santos R. Dayrit and Mrs. Terelyn T. Dayrit;
Mrs. Melanie Bayani Ocampo.
Also, researcher would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to Mr. John Reinjoe F.
Namit, their own research adviser, who never fail to guide and to assist them. Most of all, the
researchers dedicated this study to the Great Creator, Almighty God, the Author of knowledge
and wisdom who made this possible, thank You.

ABSTRACT
An emerging view in neuroscience says during sleep, the dreams of people are related to
emotions they feel and the combination of their memories inside their brain. People sometimes
want the impossible in this world to happen. Body asleep, mind awake. Some people have gone
beyond that and are now confidently doing anything they want in their dream. This is called
lucid dreaming, where people consciously control their dreams. The purpose of pursuing the
subject matter is to study the standpoints of professionals regarding the importance or
unimportance of lucid dreaming in the lives of people, and impart the conclusion gained from
analyzing and comparing the collected data.
The study transpired to know the perspectives of five (5) mental health participants
selected from medical institution and different universities within the province of Pampanga in
relation to the concept of lucid dreaming: its basis, techniques, advantages, disadvantages, and its
clinical implications. The ideas, beliefs, and experiences of participants are brought together in
accordance with what they know, what they feel, and what they think about the topic as a
professional. The interview showed that most of the selected professionals accept lucid dreaming
in a clinical setting. However, a practitioner must be highly skilled and competent enough.
Having a separate journal related to the opinions of professionals about lucid dreaming
determined the information from past researches together with the data gathered in this research
give an emphasis to the validity or invalidity of lucid dreaming from the view of mental health
professionals.

Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE....................................................................................................................................i
APPROVAL SHEET.......................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................................................iii
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................................................vi
LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................................................ix
LIST OF FIGURES.........................................................................................................................x
LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................................................xi
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND.........................................................1
Introduction............................................................................................................................1
Statement of the Problem.....................................................................................................20
Conceptual Framework........................................................................................................21
Significance of the Study.....................................................................................................21
Scope and Delimitation........................................................................................................22
Definition of Terms.............................................................................................................23
CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..........................................................................25
Research Design..................................................................................................................25

Participants..........................................................................................................................26
Setting / Locale....................................................................................................................27
Instrument............................................................................................................................27
Research Questions..............................................................................................................28
Ethical Consideration...........................................................................................................29
Data Gathering.....................................................................................................................29
Data Analysis.......................................................................................................................29
CHAPTER III: FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS.............................................................................31
Concept of Lucid Dreaming................................................................................................33
Occurrence of lucid dreaming...................................................................................36
Evidences of a person having a lucid dreaming........................................................40
Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of cognitive.........................45
Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of affective..........................50
Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of physiological...................55
Association of Lucid Dreaming with Mental Health Issues................................................59
Opinions Regarding the Utilization of Lucid Dreaming in Clinical Settings......................64
Synthesis of Interpretation...................................................................................................72
Emerging Framework..........................................................................................................77
CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION.............................79
Summary..............................................................................................................................79

Conclusion...........................................................................................................................80
Recommendation.................................................................................................................82
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................83
APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................86

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1. Concept of Lucid Dreaming.........................................................................................33
Table 1.1. Occurrence of lucid dreaming............................................................................36
Table 1.2. Evidences of a person having a lucid dreaming................................................40
Table 1.3.1. Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of cognitive...............45
Table 1.3.2. Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of affective................50
Table 1.3.3. Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of physiological.........55
Table 2. Association of Lucid Dreaming with Mental Health Issues............................................59
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework..................................................................................................21
Figure 2: Emerging Framework.....................................................................................................77
LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................86
Appendix A. Permit to Conduct a Study.......................................................................................86
Appendix B. Content Validation Letter.........................................................................................87
Appendix B. Content Validation Letter.........................................................................................88
Appendix C. Content Validation Certification..............................................................................89
Appendix C. Content Validation Certification..............................................................................90
Appendix D. Consent Form to Participate in a Research Study....................................................91
Appendix E. Research Interview Questions..................................................................................93

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
People usually put their hopes in their dreams, sometimes wanting what is clearly
impossible in this world to happen. There are a lot of occurrences in human life; however,
dreams are one of the least understood (Ross, 2017). According to the book, Sleep Disorders and
Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem, a typical human settles about one-third of
his life asleep and almost twenty (20) to twenty-five (25) percent of it is being spent on Rapid
Eye Movement (REM) sleep, or the dreaming stage. An emerging view in neuroscience says,
during sleep, the dreams, those that occur when sleeping, of people are related to emotions that
they feel and the combination of their memories inside their brain. Many times did someone
desire for something extraordinary to transpire. There is a possibility, but one must take note that
it is not just the alluring scenes that can occur in a dream. Nightmares for instance, which are the
frightening or unpleasant kind of dreams, do also take their place. According to Nir and Tononi
(2010), dreams show that the human brain, disconnected from the environment, can generate an
entire world of conscious experiences by itself.
There are two kinds of visual imagery in dreams: first is vivid, the detailed, colorful,
large, and in the center of the visual field, while the second kind counterparts the first. The vivid
events should be unconstrained by the plot, and the less vivid ones constrained (Seligman and
Yellen, 1987). Everybody has about three (3) to seven (7) dreams a night, but people often forget
when those dreams do not hold any significance (Ross, 2017).
Ross (2017) indicated that one of the reasons people cannot remember their dream is
hippocampus. Hippocampus, curved structure that sits inside each brain hemisphere, is crucial

for moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory. It is one of the last
regions to go to sleep (2011 study in the journal Neuron). It is doubtful to consider having a
dream when a person does not remember anything, but Andrillon (2014), a neuroscientist at
Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, stated that studies consistently show that even
people who have not recalled a single dream in decades or even their entire lifetime, do, in fact,
recall them if they are awakened at the right moment.
Thus, most of the time, the mind of a person is wandering but people tend to take these
kinds of thoughts as inessential information. Ordinary dreams are like daydreaming thoughts and
brain considered it to be too useless to remember, Hartmann, a dream researcher who taught
psychiatry at Tufts University School of Medicine, wrote in Scientific American.
Freud expressed in his book, The Interpretation of Dream, that all details of a dream
including the most ridiculous ones, have significance. He believes that dreams represent the
subconscious which are usually suppressed by the person due to social prohibitions. These could
involve traumatic experiences, hidden desires, or socially objectionable urges that, if brought
into awareness, could cause distress. During waking hours, logical tendencies dominate, not
allowing the instinctive desires to be conveyed or satisfied. Freud also claimed that these desires
are primarily sexual. He stated that there are two types of dream content: manifest content and
latent content. The actual literal content and storyline of a dream is classified as the manifest
content. It includes the actual images of dreams, the thoughts, and content. This is frequently
differed with what is termed the hidden meaning or latent content of a dream. The
representational meaning behind the literal content of a dream is termed the latent content.
According to Freud, the mind utilizes various tactics to censor a latent content of a
dream. Freud explained that the whole person is often depicted in the form of a house. Houses
with polished walls are believed to represent men, and women are those with projections and

balconies that one might cling to. Also, as kings, queens, or other highly respected persons,
parents appear in dreams; children and siblings are symbolized as small animals or vermin.
The theories of Sigmund Freud have been rejected, but psychiatrists and psychoanalysts
do not contradict the fact that dreams have significance. Psychoanalysts Adler and Jung said that
dreams are important. The same with the expression of other contents such as aggressive
tendencies or various personal desires.
Psychoanalyst Jung expresses the basic idea behind Jungian dream theory that dreams
reveal more than they conceal. He defines dream as an unfiltered expression of an imagination.
Jung is one of the psychoanalyst who rejected the theory of dream interpretation by Freud that
says dreams are considered to be secretive. Also, he repudiates that dream formation is a product
of satisfying tabooed sexual impulse of people. Jung took up the study of dreams and claimed
that dreams mirrored the individual and collective consciousness. He believed it was possible to
interpret every part of a dream objectively and subjectively. It suggests that an aspect of a dream
could represent itself, for example, the mother in objective view represents the mother herself;
and subjectively, the facet could also signify part of the dreamers themselves, i.e. the mother in
dream is the nursing part of the dreamer.
According to the study of Gilbert and Killingsworth (2010), both a Harvard psychologist,
a person tends to daydream for forty-seven (47) percent of his or her waking hours. Whenever a
person gets uninterested or bored, the mind wanders. In the book of Kaufman and Gregoire
(2016), Wired to Create: Unravelling the Mysteries of the Creative Mind, they presented a
scientific evidence that both daydreaming and using solitude for reflection can be seen to people
with high creative mind. The idea of Kaufman and Gregoire was supported by a study from
Georgia Institute of Technology (2017); the study showed that people who reported to have
frequent daydream also scored higher on creative and intellectual abilities. Actually, their brains

were more efficient, as measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI (Godwin et al., 2017).
According to the research at the University of Southern California, there are regions of the brain
where a person acquire meaning. The researchers discovered that a person find meaning through
interpreting the life experiences. The part of the brain responsible for the higher-level processing
is called the DMN or Default Mode Network. (Dehghani et al., 2017). But daydreaming also
have its dark side, a side that it can cause mental health concerns. The term Maladaptive
Daydreaming was introduced by Eli Somer in 2002 as an emotional coping strategy, it's a way to
escape from reality ironically in waking life.
In accordance to the book, Psychic Dreaming, superstition is any belief about something
or someone without basis in facts. Usually, these beliefs pertain to the cause-and-effect
relationship of certain events. It encourages people to believe that it is unlucky to go against the
advice of a dream; And the reasoning behind why famous psychic, Cayce, stated that one should
always act upon their dreams even if the dreamer himself cannot understand the dream.
There are many dream superstitions around the world. Playing in the superstition beliefs
of a person that a dream must be followed, some have already been used as a start to wield
political influence. Since it is unusual to remember a dream, some people consider dream as a
tool for warning or for prophesizing the future.
One solid proof was during the Medieval times, where dreams are sometimes used as a
sanction for those who wish to forward controversial political policies, the most notable case was
when the knights informed King Henry ll about the voices of Archangel Gabriel and St. Peter
which told them to present a number of demands that foreshadows the arising of Magna Carta.
Also, Greeks, Hebrews, Egyptians, and Romans do believe that dreams speak to the people in a
language of symbolisms, uses of metaphor and allegory to express inner condition.

Occasionally, dreams fulfill their aims with the use of clairvoyant insights (Hammilton,
2004). Clairvoyance is said to be a power to see the future or the paranormal gift of seeing things
out-of-sight or through dream. Clairvoyant, clerveance in Old French, is a person who holds this
supernatural ability. Australian Psychic Palmer, known for his prediction about natural disasters,
believed to accurately predicted the volcano subsequently eruption, tsunami in Indian Ocean in
2004, and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Also, Costura, the Social Media Nostradamus, shocked the
Filipino netizens through his accurate predictions and fortune telling that he saw in his dream. He
claimed that the attack happened in Resorts World Manila on June 2, 2017, and the War in
Marawi on December 12, 2016, appeared in his dream. On August 4, 2018, Costura posted in his
Facebook account the story: Asian Airline that will explode and shuffled numbers: nine, two, six,
eight, and seven. Twelve days after his dream, Xiamen Airlines Flight 8667 landed on its second
attempt before it skidded off the runway having its left engine ripped off of Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA), Xiamen Air was composed of nine letters.
Dreams have an important role in many cultures. Historically speaking, Egypt, Greece,
and Christianity, are three of the many groups that believe in dreams as part of the world culture,
that they came from an outer source, and are visits from their divinities and God.
From the perspectives of the Egyptians, dreams are somewhat straightforward and simply
a perception of things that existed but could not be seen or heard in waking life (Mackenzie,
1965). Therefore, Egyptians could only hear or see things they believed in their dreams. Around
3150 to 2613 BCE, Egyptians used hieroglyphics (sacred carvings) or their written language, to
set down interpretations of their dreams.
In addition to that, Egyptians tried to summon the “invisible spirits” through
communication with their dream world; performing divine inspiration, ritual incantations, or the
invocation to beneficent supernatural spirits for aid, protection or inspiration, and even using

potion ointments. In their belief, contacts with those spirits would bring warnings, success in
love, or other ventures, advice, recovery from illnesses, or merely pleasurable experiences.
The Egyptians believe that their gods show themselves in dreams and visions. They had
temples where dream incubation occurs. Before entering the place, they would pray to assure
dreams with gods. Dream bed is a type of furniture where Egyptians would sleep onto and hope
to have a dream of advice, comfort, or healing.
Lastly, a certain papyrus, which is an Egyptian writing surface, was found in 2000 B.C. It
contains dream examples and dream interpretations. The contents of the papyrus were about
dreams that were itemized as good or bad. The bad dreams were written in red as it was the color
of the bad omen or a divine message from their gods to foretell the future.
Dreams are very important for the Egyptians as it is a sacred part of their culture
(Mackenzie, 1965).
On the other hand, the Greeks adopted what seemed useful or interesting for them, from
the people with whom war or trade brought them into contact (Mackenzie, 1965). The Greeks
adopted the Egyptian belief of good and bad dreams as well as the idea of incubating dreams.
Nevertheless, Greeks perform very specific pre-sleep rituals in order to purify themselves. Two
days before entering the shrine of Apollo at Delphi, they ought to be abstained from sex, ate no
meat, fish, and drink only water.
The different methods of incubation varied from place to place. Sometimes, sacrifices, as
part of the ceremony, were expected. For others, they offer money or food as gift to the god they
wish to evoke in a dream. They considered dreaming as a therapy or the procedure to cure
illnesses as their gods and goddesses appear in dreams and will indicate the remedy (Wolman,
1979).

The Greek cult of incubation, like the Egyptians, combined the search for divine or true
dreams relevant to many problems experienced in everyday life with a strong emphasis upon the
therapeutic function of dreaming. It became an element or part of the everyday life among the
Greek culture (Wolman, 1979).
In the process, patients would have dreams of gods indicating the cure of illness and then
they would be taken to the statue of that specific god so it would inspire the person with the
feeling of owe. After the patient prays and sacrifices an animal, usually a ram, to the god, the
illness would be cured (Wolman, 1979).
The Greek oracle, Oropus was dedicated to Amphiaraus, a deified magician. People
would travel to the temple and fast for the whole day. They would sacrifice a ram to Amphiaraus
and then lie on its outstretched skin to sleep. When they woke up, they would describe their
dreams to an officiating priest who would then interpret it (Mackenzie, 1965).
However, ancient Greek thinker, Aristotle, had a different understanding of dreams. He
believed that dreams of sickness can simply be because of the unconscious recognition of the
symptoms within the body of the dreamer. He also indicated that the dream could act
unconsciously to bring the dreamed event, they provide access to the gods and to their prophetic
power just as the different socially sanctioned mantic practices did (Ullman, 1999).
As Christianity developed, some of the European and Greek heritage were adopted. Early
Christians had to accept the idea that at least some dreams had a divine inspiration.
The Bible mentions a lot about dreams and how God communicated through them. The
dreams in New Testament were seen as straightforward messages from God. In the Old
Testament, God declared that He would speak through dreams and visions. He said, “Hear now
my words: if there be a prophet among you, I, the LORD, will make myself known unto him in a
vision, and will speak unto him in a dream.” (Numbers 12:6).

Christians find dreams important. They believed that God choose to communicate
through them. In dreams, they would see visions of the Bible, where God would grant them gifts,
and provide them guidance.
That is why Christians considered dreams as the reliable messengers. They reveal the
condition of the heart of someone (Daniel 2:30) as well as the voice of God within the heart of
the person (Acts 2:17).
In the research of Barbe, Ancient Theories about Dreams, other cultures such as Chinese
culture, the soul of a dreamer was considered to be the guiding factor of dream production (p.57,
Hall). The hand or spiritual soul was believed to leave the body and communicate with the land
of the dead. They also practiced incubation in dream temples and served a political purpose
throughout the 16th century as high officials visiting a city, reported to a temple the first night
to receive dream guidance for their missions. Judges and government officials were also required
to visit dream temples for insight and wisdom.
Dreams function as the connection between past and present, and as dreaming and
waking states, hence the insistent appeal to ancestors and beginnings (Shulman, 1997). Dreams
have long been interpreted as meaningful, and the Chinese give meaning to dreams through the
book of the 16th century, "Lofty Principles of Dream Interpretation," by Chen Shiyuan.
There are eighty-eight constellations in the night sky recognized by the International
Astronomical Union since 1922. Over a several thousand years ago, human beings started to
study the constellations of the stars. Twelve of them are the most famous, known as the zodiac
signs.
The concept of zodiac signs originated in Babylon in the 2nd millennium B.C., soon after
it was influenced by the Ancient Greek. These zodiac signs occupied a sector in the sky which
makes up 30° of the ecliptics. The order of these astrological signs starts from Aries, Taurus,

Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, then ends with
Pieces. With the help of the study of Annies F. (2017), it was revealed that the meaning of the
dream of a person can depend on his or her zodiac sign.
Aquarius frequently dreams about meeting people. Aquarius (January 20 - February 18),
is a social sign, they were said to love having fun with friends.
Being naked in a dream is Pisces (February 19 - March 20). An emotional sign who
always wear their hearts upon their sleeves, opening up easily shows vulnerability. Moreover,
dreaming about suddenly appearing naked signifies the vulnerability and fear of rejection.
Aries (March 21 - April 19) might always dream about falling. Though it is a dream,
falling is a complete loss of control and dreaming about it feels real enough to wake a person
with a shock. Aries can be aggressive, succeeding, and impulsive, which is why the idea of
failure is terrifying for them. However, if a person is not afraid of falling in a dream, it signifies
an ability to surpass failures.
Those people who are born on April 20 - May 20 are under Taurus. Being late in a dream
signifies hatred in sudden change. Also, the idea of converting circumstances makes a Taurus
overwhelmed.
Gemini, May 21 - June 20, have possibilities of dreaming about slobbery babies, but
dreaming about babies actually represents new ideas for a curious Gemini. Furthermore,
dreaming about babies signifies to having a new life experience.
Cancer, June 21 - July 22, is also an emotional zodiac sign so dreaming about water is
common because water generally represents emotions. The dream can also represent the clashing
of decisions of a person, his or her choices, options, and events they are involved with.
Flying in dream might be usual for Leo. The sign Leo, July 23 - August 22, is always
being adored by everyone. Leo is known for someone who looks down on others, always

wanting to stay at the top, and wants to be in the spotlight. Flying is fitting, since it symbolizes
freedom from restrictions.
Dreaming about losing a tooth or two is a terrible way to dream. For Virgos (August 23 -
September 22), this is not unusual. A Virgo is incredibly critical to his own self as well as others,
so a trait like this can make a him or her lose an important someone.
Libra (September 23 - October 22) is a social sign who commonly dreams about meeting
someone famous. This is why meeting an idol, celebrity crush, and dating a celebrity in a dream
is not surprising for a Libra. Nevertheless, seeing someone famous in a dream can mean that a
person just wants to escape from reality.
The dream that Scorpios experience is something related to death. This sign, October 23 -
November 21, is a passionate, mysterious, and occasionally violent sign, thus, a Scorpio is
always dreaming about death. In spite of it, dreaming about death does not actually means blood
and gore, for a Scorpio, the death in dreams simply means a need to transform or change the way
he or she currently is.
Being chased in a dream is a helpless way to dream. Sagittarius, November 22 -
December 21, is a sign who loves to travel. Nonetheless, being chased in a dream does not
automatically mean someone is trying to kill him or her; Instead, it may be the responsibilities
left in waking life.
Driving an out-of-control car is absolutely a terrifying dream, but Capricorns (December
22 - January 19) often experience it. Capricorn is a well-disciplined sign and is known to have a
good self-control. Also, those who are under this sign usually live by strict rules, and driving a
car signifies life journey.

In a local setting, long history of colonization in the Philippines strongly influenced its
culture and traditions. The impact extends beyond language, food, and many superstitions that
locals keep to their heart (Cruz, 2019).
As indicated by the Philippine Myths on Dreams, Filipinos support the idea that dreams
in general are more than what they seem to be. One of the superstitions that Filipinos believe is
that, when a person is dreaming, the actual soul and spirit travels, which is called the
transcendental travel. It happens when a person gets too deep in sleep. The body, soul, and spirit
will get separated. The human body will stay in its original state in the bed while the soul and
spirit would start to wander in some distant dreamland.
More often than not, dreams are not too far away from reality, except that some of the
happenings in dreams seem absurd. For instance, having special powers that can help a person
defeat the evil doers in town; even though people see a lot of scenarios like this in movies, it
does not have enough proof for them to fully believe its existence (Flanagan, 2000).
Another belief also stated that some dreams travel not only in the fantasyland, but also in
the real world (The Psychology of Cyberspace). The soul and spirit would escape the body and
then start its roaming around Earth. This explains why a lot of people claim to have felt that they
have been in a place they have never visited before. For starters, they were never there
physically, only their soul and spirit were present when they came in contact with the place.
There are also dreams that are for extraordinary or supernatural communication. In a
way, it acts as a cyberspace. Cyberspace is being able to connect to the dreamland with someone
that came from another dimension. Hence, there is a great possibility that in a dream, humans
can interact and communicate with animals, strange and mythical creatures, dead relatives,
unknown people, and anything ordinary or not

Theoretically, these dreams help and act as a guide to the dreamers in facing the actual
circumstances of life.
Filipinos believe that dreams have a particular meaning based on how it occurred
(Almocera, 2005). For example, when a Filipino dreamed of his or her tooth getting removed,
they need to bite a hard wood to reverse the meaning of their dream, which is the death of both
parents of that person.
Another situation is when they dreamt of a friend or someone they know without a head.
Filipinos believe that it is a premonition that that person will die; Therefore, they need to get the
shirt of that person and bury it or burn it to contradict the dream.
These dreams are considered as nightmares. A nightmare is a disturbing type of dream
which causes a person to feel anxious or frightened. It is characterized by visual images, mostly
in situations where the dreamer is in danger (Hartmann 1984; 1989).
On January 12, 2015, Perlman, the consultant who works with private companies; news
and journalism organizations, proposed that those who experience nightmares often have the
sensation of not being able to breathe.
The Oxford English Dictionary traces the first definition of the word “nightmare” as “a
female spirit or monster supposed to settle on and produce a feeling of suffocation in a sleeping
person or animal.” After concluding that people often encounter bad dreams at night and
associated the “night” with “mare” which is an adult female equine, a nightmare soon came to
mean as any bad dream. As written in an article in Fact Hacker (2019), nightmares may happen
because of a traumatic experience of someone, negative thoughts, and refusing to accept a
particular outcome of a specific scenario.
A group of scientists in Germany, the researchers in Centre for Lifespan Psychology at
the Max Planck Institute for Human Development to be specific, found that it is self – reflection

is more noticeable in person who can control his dream. They concluded that lucid dreamers
have a significantly larger area in brain that is responsible for self-reflection among others. Also,
Dresler et al., (2012) stated that while lucid dreaming is an intriguing phenomenon in its own
regard, it can also serve as a tool for the study of dream disorders. On their study, Neural
Correlates of Dream Lucidity Obtained from Contrasting Lucid versus Non-Lucid REM Sleep: A
Combined Electroencephalogram / Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Case Study, it was
mentioned that lucid dreaming training has shown to be efficient in treating recurring
nightmares. Neurocognitive models of troubled dreaming emphasize the hyper-responsiveness of
amygdala in the generation of nightmare, combined with the inability of the prefrontal medial
areas to dampen this activation. Therefore, increased lateral prefrontal activation during lucid
dreaming fits well with the therapeutic impacts on recurrent nightmares of lucidity training.
Thus, lucid dreaming can help surpassing nightmares by basically being lucid in dream.
Body asleep, mind awake. Some people came past beyond that hope and are now
confidently doing anything they want in their dream. To plainly put it, people consciously
control their dreams. This “phenomenon” is called lucid dreaming.
In recent literature, several authors suggested various physiological benefits that can be
attained in lucid dreaming (Kelzer, 1989). The notion that lucid dreaming may be of benefit in a
clinical context, specifically in the treatment of nightmare, is not new.
In the book “Studies in Dreams,” Forster narrates that through lucid dreaming, she
eliminated her nightmares. Being lucid in nightmares subsequently proceeded to change the
direction of a dream into a positive one (Saint-Denys, 1982/1867; La Berge, 1985)
Brylowski was reported to have a client presenting with a history of borderline
personality, major depression, and nightmares, happening one to four times a week. He was able

to help his client in decreasing the frequency and intensity of nightmares through using lucid
dreaming as a form of therapy.
More or less than 1000 years ago, Tibetan Buddhist monks created Dream Yoga, which is
a practiced form of lucid dreaming. They used their dream world to study the depths of human
consciousness and make use of it as their path to enlightenment. Nowadays, the art form can be
learned through reading works related to it (e.g. The Tibetan Yogas of Dream and Sleep).
In 1959, Tholey, a German psychologist, began to study conscious dreaming. The said
phenomenon was called Klartaum, a German word meaning “clear dream.” While dreaming, a
person may become aware that he or she is indeed, dreaming. Fox (1962) called it Dreams of
Knowledge. However, the term “lucid dreaming” is now commonly used.
Lucid dream is a term hinted by the scholar Marquis d’Hervey de Saint-Denys, but was
coined by the Dutch psychiatrist, Frederik van Eeden; While in the West, lucid dream techniques
were first known in 415 C.E. by Saint Augustine. As the time passes by, various definitions for
lucid dreaming have emerged. In a simple manner, lucid dreaming is all about awareness of the
dream of a person. (Green, 1968)
Hearne (1981; 1987), a researcher, said that one has to become perfectly or fully mindful
that he or she is dreaming. He also considers the ability to consciously exert control over events
in the dream scenery to be an important aspect of dream lucidity. One cannot just control his or
her dream but to change the shape of it and edit the contents himself of herself. Although people
are not usually explicitly aware of the fact that they are dreaming, at times, a remarkable
exception occurs. They are conscious enough to realize that they are dreaming. “Lucid” dreamers
are reported to being able to freely remember the circumstances of waking life, to think clearly
and to act deliberately upon reflection, all the while experiencing a dream world that seems
vividly real (Green, 1968; LaBerge, 1985; Gackenbach and LaBerge, 1988).

This is all in contrast to the usual past characterization of dreams as typically lacking any
reflective awareness or true volition (Rechtschaffen, 1978). A person who became lucid did not
always spontaneously become one. Experiencing lucid dream in its most natural way is quite
rare. Dreamers often recognize they are dreaming in lucid by noticing the peculiar things of the
dream.
The new research in the University of Adelaide has found a specific combination of
techniques which will increase the chances of people to experience lucid dreaming. The research
of Doctor Denholm Aspy in the University of Adelaide's School of Psychology aims to develop a
more effective lucid dream induction techniques. The results of the research of Doctor Aspy was
published in the Journal Dreaming, have validated the increase of chances of people in
experiencing lucid dream. The study involved three groups of participants and investigated the
effectiveness of the three different induction techniques for lucid dreaming. The first one is
Reality Testing which requires a person to regularly check the surrounding to verify if that
person is still dreaming or not. The second is Wake Back to Bed which a person will be waking
up for five hours then staying awake for a short period of time after going back to sleep in order
to enter the REM sleep period, in which most dreams are more likely to occur.
In the article Lucid Dream Induction Techniques: DILDs vs WILDs, techniques to attain
lucid dreaming are many, but all of those fall into one of the two types. The Dream-Initiated
Lucid Dreams (DILDs), which starts as any normal dream would, then ends with the person
being aware of his dream; The realization triggers the person to be lucid, resulting to the dream
feeling more “real.”
The other type is the Wake-Initiated Lucid Dreams (WILDs). It is falling asleep to
directly go in a dream. In here, the dreamer must have complete consciousness that he or she is
dreaming, and a body that is relaxed enough to comfortably slip in the dream world; This is the

same reason why this type is more difficult than the first, it requires the dreamer to literally
contradict himself, which could possibly lead him to sleep paralysis and/or hallucinations.
Nonetheless, there have not been reports of people dying in lucid dreaming.
According to National Honor Society, sleep paralysis is the temporary inability to speak
or move that usually occurs during falling asleep and during waking up.
Many people in this world have already experienced sleep paralysis at least once or twice
in their lives while others experience it regularly. It affects people of all ages but most frequent
in teenagers and young adults. The main symptoms of sleep paralysis is being completely aware
of the surroundings but for some split seconds or minutes, a person will be unable to move or
talk. During this episode, a person will have difficulty in taking a breath; In some cases, being
unable to open the eyes, or having hallucinations that can cause a frightening feeling. Each
length of episode may vary from a few seconds to minutes.
The reason as to why people who experience sleep paralysis has been associated with
sleep deprivation or insomnia, irregular sleeping patterns, or narcolepsy, the long term condition
that causes a person to suddenly fall asleep at an inappropriate times, is because when parts of
the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep of someone is on-going, that means the brain is very active
and the dreaming occurs. Sleep paralysis often gets better over time but improving the sleeping
habits and sleeping environment can help to prevent of having to encounter it.
In a conservative religious circles and new spiritual age communities, there is a fear
existing within these groups that lucid dreaming is somehow unholy or spiritually corrupt. They
fear that lucidity allows contact with harmful forces. Some lucid dreamers have explored or
currently exploring the dark side of lucid dreaming. This can be done intentionally or
unintentionally. Contacts with aggressive drives and powerful experiences of sexuality are the
reasons why such fears existed.

For Christians, lucid dreaming focuses on demons and sin. In early Christianity, dreams
played a major role in the early church. Many of the scholars who help popularize lucidity are
Christians. Even so, dirty dreams are viewed as an unhealthy attachment to desire. Christians
believed that moving solely according to emotions and sexuality is a step towards ignorance.
Lucid dreaming is normally a rare experience. Though, most people report having had a
lucid dream at least once in their lives, only about twenty (20) percent of the population reports
having lucid dreams once a month or more (Snyder and Gackenbach, 1988). Nowadays, people
often stay up late even though they need to wake up early; When a person plan to lucid dream,
deep sleeping is required therefore, a person who does not get enough sleep cannot become
lucid.
In spite of the fact that many people have experienced lucid dreams, some theoreticians
considered them impossible and even absurd (Malcolm, 1959). The cause of this can be the lack
of knowledge of people, including the professionals. The absence of empirical evidences bearing
on the question caused most sleep researchers to accept the impression of Hartmann that lucid
dreams were “not typical parts of dreaming thought, but rather brief arousals” (Hartmann, 1975,
p. 74; Berger, 1977). It can also be a desire to do something that is not possible in real life.
The British Parapsychologist, Hearne, was the first to discover about the scientific
authentication of lucid dreaming in 1975. In his research, he caught a pre-determined conscious
eye movement to the lucid dreaming volunteer. He also found that lucid dreaming are real
dreams occurring in rapid eye movement (REM) of sleep, and lucidity is consistently preceded
by a REM burst. Typically, lucid dreaming can be triggered in two ways; One, there is unusual
occurrence that causes a person to realize that he or she is dreaming. In the other case, when one
has just awoken from a dream and then fell back asleep with little to no break in consciousness.

As written in the article of Tuck Sleep, there are four stages in sleeping. One, two, and,
three are the Non-REM sleep while the fourth stage is the REM one. They progress in cycle
starting from one (1) to four (4) then begin with one again. A complete sleep cycle takes
approximately ninety (90) to one-hundred-ten (110) minutes, each stage lasting five (5) to fifteen
(15) minutes.
The lightest stage of sleeping is the first stage. It shows slow eye movements, drowsy
sleep that can easily be disrupted causing awakenings or arousals. Periodically, people
experience hypnagogic jerks or muscle spasms, and a sensation of falling while drifting in and
out; But the muscle tone of the body relaxes and brain wave activity starts.
The second stage will emerge with the body temperature decreasing and heart-rate
slowing. It is the first actual stage of defined Non-REM sleep. Brain waves will continue at a
slow pace with specific bursts of rapid activity, known as sleep spindles, mixed with sleep
structures known as K complexes. Both of these serve as a protection of the brain from waking
up.
In the third stage, which is the deep Non-REM sleep, is the stage where it is difficult to
awaken someone. This is also the most restorative stage of sleep that consists delta waves or
slow waves. Parasomnias (sleepwalking, sleep talking, and night terrors) occur in this stage of
sleep. As stated by the researchers previously, REM sleep, also known as the Rapid Eye
Movement, is the dreaming stage. The eyes move from side to side and brain waves are very
active. According to Aserinsky, awakenings and arousals may oftenly happen in REM sleep;
Being woken during this stage can make the person feeling groggy or excessively sleepy.
It is believed that only in the REM sleep lucid dreaming is possible to achieve. Empirical
evidence began to appear in the late 1970s suggesting that lucid dreams occur during REM sleep.
Based on standard sleep recordings of two (2) subjects who reported a total of three lucid dreams

upon awakening from REM periods, Ogilvie et. al., (1978) cautiously concluded that “...it may
be that lucid dreams begin in REM.”
One benefit of lucid dreaming is that, people can decide what kind of dream they want to
have. This simply means that a person can travel over different places, tasting non-identical kind
of foods, doing what they are unable to do in the waking life without worrying its consequences.
This was all because the person is fully aware that he or she, is in fact, dreaming. Moreover,
dreaming is one of the proofs that human minds are fascinating. It showcases the creativeness
and the colorful imagination of a person. One can dream and be a dreamer, one can tap the
creative potentials of the dreaming mind, but there are those special kinds of dreamers where
they have control and awareness in their own dreams, which as stated above, are called lucid
dreamers.
New research published in Frontiers in Psychology indicates that psychological well-
being (or, at least, the absence of psychopathology) may be correlated with elements of a certain
form of dream, called a lucid dream (Travels, 2018). As mental health was tackled, locally, the
Republic Act No. 11036 was finalized into law and was enacted on June 21, 2018. The very first
mental health act legislation in the history of the Philippines (J. Tully). The Department of Labor
and Employment (DOLE) and Civil Service Commission (CSC) are entitled under the provisions
of Republic Act 11036 to build up an accurate and substantiation standard towards the programs
of mental health for the workplace (S. Medenilla, R. Manawis, & C. Ordinario). The Philippine
Mental Health Law or the Republic Act 11036 gives emphasize to the significance of
establishing a National Mental Health Policy wherein the main goal is to improve the executions
of Integrated Mental Health Services, and promotes and protects the rights of individuals
performing Psychosocial Health Services. (Republic Act No. 11036, Seventeenth Congress,

Second Regular Session) Violation to comply to this law, Mental Health Act, such as failure to
secure confidentiality of information or privacy rights, is punishable by the law with six months
to two years imprisonment, or a fine of ten thousand pesos up to two hundred thousand pesos, or
both (Nuevo, n.d.).
The presented related literatures and studies depict various views, perceptions, and
concepts of prominent people in the field of psychology and neurology. Although typically not
recalled, dream plays an important role in the mentality of a person for it is believed to express
the subconscious of that person. Also, through dreams, various cultural manifestations were
formed. Mostly, dreams play as a way to communicate to a higher being of a certain culture or
act as a warning, sign, or foreseeing. The researchers also included, differentiated, and discussed
the related literature and studies of three types of dreams; daydream, nightmares, and the main
focus of this research, lucid dream.
Studies about lucid dreaming are not limited, though not very common. But the
knowledge of people concerning the topic is not enough, and even though scientific researches
exist, there are still doubts among those who come across the so-called phenomenon.
The researchers conducted this study in order to know and collect the perspectives of
local professionals regarding lucid dreaming in the field related to the topic and to analyze the
said perspectives. If this research succeeded in gathering enough data, the importance or
unimportance of lucid dreaming in the lives of the people can come out on the surface. The
researchers will also be able to come to a conclusion whether lucid dreaming is acknowledged by
the professionals or it is just a rare phenomenon for them.

Statement of the Problem
Generally, the study transpires to know the perspectives of mental health related
professionals towards lucid dreaming.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is/are the familiar concepts of the mental health related professionals on lucid
dreaming?
a. What is the level of awareness of the participants about lucid dreaming?
2. What are the perspectives of mental health related professionals toward lucid
dreaming in relation to mental health?
3. Do mental health related professionals believe in the possibility of utilizing lucid
dreaming in a clinical setting?
Conceptual Framework
1
REGISTERED 1
PSYCHOLOGIST NEUROLOGIST
2 1
PSYCHOMET PSYCHOLOGY
RICIANS PROFESSOR
P P
E E P
R R
S S
P P
E E
C C
T T
I
I LUCID DREAMING V
V
E E
v
FIGURE 1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 1 shows the plan of the researchers in compiling enough data to obtain the desired
outcome. The outlook of professionals concerning lucid dreaming are going to be acquired if the
questions to know the said perspectives are answered.
The researchers are planning to conduct an interview to registered psychologist,
neurologist, psychometricians, and professors of psychology to be able to confirm the validity or
inconsequence of lucid dreaming.
Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will help the society understand the viewpoint of professionals
regarding lucid dreaming. It will give them an insight about the topic and the importance of
conducting this study. This will serve as a guide in knowing more about lucid dreaming and a
way to vanish the uncertainty of other people about it.
Additionally, the result of this study will be of help to those who experience
consciousness in dreams. It will give them ideas on how to deal with it and the right means to
lucid dream; to become mindful about the dream environment of a person and the dream body
itself; to broaden the minds of lucid dreamers and non-lucid dreamers alike.
Furthermore, the nature of this study is to acquire the perceptions of professionals in
connection to lucid dreaming that will serve as a guide to the future researchers in increasing
their knowledge and understanding about lucid dreaming as they conduct their own research
regarding this topic.
By the help of the researchers as they accumulate correct facts, this study will also benefit
them as it holds enough materials in order to fill their minds with information and influence them
to have better understanding regarding lucid dreaming and the perspectives of the mental health
professionals.

Scope and Delimitation
The case study of this research focuses on collecting the knowledge of the five (5) mental
health professionals in relation to the concept of lucid dreaming: its basis, techniques, advantages
and disadvantages, and its clinical implications. The data which will be needed for the study will
include the personal opinions, perspectives, and experiences of the participants within the
vicinity of Pampanga.
Definition of Terms
To establish better understanding of the frame of reference of this study, the following
terms are defined correspondingly:
Consciousness. According to the psychoanalytic theory of personality by Sigmund Freud,
consciousness or conscious mind consists of everything inside of our awareness that we can
think and talk about in a rational way.
Dream. According to Freud (1899), dream is the means by which the unconscious can be
explored. Dream also represents the hidden fulfillment of the unconscious wishes of someone.
Escape. According to Asfoor (2017), escape is a distraction to an imaginary world or
entertainment from reality.
Lucid Dreaming. According to Van Eeden, lucid is in reference to mental clarity and is a
phenomenon in which a dreaming individual becomes aware on what they are experiencing is
not physical reality, but a dream.
Lucidity. According to Pam N.S. (2000), lucidity is a term used to describe a mental state
where whilst the person may display signs of distress and mental instability.

Mental Health. Mental health is, as per the World Health Organization (WHO), a state of
well-being in which the individual recognizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal
stresses of life, can work effectively and fruitfully, and can contribute to his or her community.
Mental Health Professional. As stated by Doctor Berger (2000), a mental health
professional is a person who proposes services for the purpose of enlightening the mental health
of a person and/or researches in the field of mental health.
Neurology. According to Doctor Mandal (2019), neurology is a branch of medical
science that deals with nervous system disorders and diseases.
Nightmare. According to Freud, nightmare is a type of dream whose contents are
unpleasant or anxiety provoking and which, depending on their intensity, can awaken the sleeper.
Parasomnia. According to Schenck, M.D. (2017), parasomnia refers to all the abnormal
things that can happen to people while they sleep, apart from sleep apnea.
Physiology. According to Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR (20015), physiology is a branch
of biology wherein how living organisms, function, including such processes as nutrition,
movement and production are being studied.
Reality. According to Paresky, Ph.D. (2000), reality pertains to real object or things and
not just invented.
Unconsciousness. According to Freud, unconsciousness or unconscious mind is a
reservoir of thoughts, memories and feelings that are outside of our conscious awareness. It
contains contents that are unacceptable, unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety or conflict.
Vivid. According to Seligman, vivid is something that is in bright or bold color. It can
also be an image in the mind that is so clear.
Acronyms:
REM - Rapid Eye Movement

DILDs - Dream-Initiated Lucid Dreams
WILDs -Wake-Initiated Lucid Dreams
CHAPTER II
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the research design of this study, research instrument, research
questions, participants, setting, and the ethical consideration. Also, this chapter will discuss the
process of gathering and analyzing the data of this study.
Research Design
The researchers will use qualitative research to discover the perspectives, insights, and
experiences of professionals toward lucid dreaming. As stated by Hall and Harvey (2018),
qualitative research centers to the distinction between individuals and intends, from the
perspective of individuals, to accumulate comprehensive information about specific topic. It is
attained commonly by interviews or focus groups. These ways permit the participants to say or
speak dynamically and expansively about a specified topic.
Particularly, the researchers will employ a case study research design. According to
Mcleod (2019), case study is known as an in-dept study of a single person, group, event or

community. Naturally, data that are going to be collected are form a diverse sources and by
utilizing numerous different methods (e.g. observations & interviews). Also, it is investigational
analysis that explores a phenomenon within its real-life context.
With the reasons stated above, the researchers will be able to determine whether lucid
dreaming is recognized by the professionals. Additionally, the researchers will be capable of
distinguishing different perspectives of professionals toward lucid dreaming.
Participants
Five (5) participants will partake in this research. They will be selected purposively from
medical institution and different universities within the province of Pampanga. The standard for
selecting the participants will be:
(1) Registered psychologist
A registered psychologist is someone who studies the mind and behavior (Cherry,
2019). Researchers selected this type of profession in accordance with American
Psychological Association (2019). Registered psychologist can cover and specialize
in understanding and treating sleep‐related cases and disorders.
(2) Neurologist
Neurology is a medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis and medication of
brain and nervous diseases and conditions (Clement, 2019). A neurologist possesses
in-depth knowledge concerning activities which occur in the human brain. Since they
are known as experts in brain-function-related machines, it may help to identify what
triggered the brain in act of lucid dreaming.
(3) Psychometrician

Psychometric is a field of study concerned with the theory and technique of
psychological measurement (NCME). With the help of a psychometrician, the
researchers will be able to gather information regarding the validity and reliability of
lucid dreaming. A perception from this professional may be based from the
knowledge they have in both clinical and research works.
(4) Psychology professor
In a job summary written at owlguru.com, psychology professors teach courses in
psychology. They also engage in doing research. In relation to the study of the
researchers, a perspective that will be gained from a psychology professor will open a
view connected to the teaching field rather than medical.
Setting / Locale
The intent participants will come from medical institution and two different universities
within the municipalities of Pampanga, explicitly: (1) Angeles City, (2) Bacolor, and (3) Guagua.
Three municipalities were chosen because it was taken into consideration that the participants
may not exist in one place. The indicated places cater university and neurology and psychiatric
clinics that are needed for the completion of study.
Instrument
Two of the most common tools or instruments for research in gathering data will be used
by the researchers: the questionnaire and interview that will be validated by content experts. The
researchers will use a type of questionnaire which is open-form or open-ended type. According
to Adi Bhat, open-ended questions are defined as free-form survey questions that allows a

participant to answer in an open text format. The participants will answer based on their
knowledge, entire feelings, and full understanding as the researchers ask same free-form
questions. Interview is also one of the instruments to be use in obtaining enough data. Farell
(2016) believed that interview can help the study to become more informative. The researchers
will use interview which were designed to motivate and prompt people to elaborate and give a
detailed answer to further understand and have wider insight of the given information. The
chosen instruments of the researchers will provide copious required data from the participants
and will limit conditions of researchers in the study.
Research Questions
The following questions will be used by the researchers to gather pertinent data and
information from the participants.
RQ1: What is your concept of lucid dreaming?
1.1. How lucid dreaming occurs?
1.2. What are the evidences that a person is having lucid dreams?
1.3. What are the experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms
of:
1.3.1. Cognitive
1.3.2. Affective
1.3.3. Physiological
These questions will help the researchers to be able to conclude how much knowledge the
participants have, which would determine whether lucid dreaming is known or not.
Additionally, the significant question will reveal the perspectives of professionals toward
the origin, cause, evidences, and the factors that contribute on the act of lucid dreaming.

Lastly, this questions above has a purpose of acquiring an elaborative insight and focuses
on the experience of the participants in relation to the topic which will help the researchers with
their study.
RQ2: How can lucid dreaming be associated with mental health issues?
This question will determine the connection of lucid dreaming on mental health
issues which is one of the significant parts of this study.
RQ3: What is your opinion regarding the utilization of lucid dreaming in clinical
settings?
The researchers formulated this question because it is a significant part of the
study to know if the professionals accept and validate the existence of lucid dreaming in a
clinical setting or not.
Ethical Consideration
The researchers are cautious to appropriate language that must be used in approaching the
participants of the study; thus, any foul language is strictly discouraged. The researchers will
assure that the participants will be fully informed about the study through consent form and any
form of force and coercion will be prohibited. Also, the researchers will provide an adequate
level of respect and confidentiality regarding the data of the participants.
Data Gathering
The researchers plan to conduct an interview regarding lucid dreaming to any local
mental and psychology related professionals in order to acquire information and understand their
viewpoints concerning the topic. In getting the right data, a questionnaire, which is going to be

validated by a content expert, is going to be made for the researchers to know and study the
perspective of the said professionals. Five professionals are going to be asked to participate to
achieve the goal. The researchers will write the answers down and audio record it to make sure
that no data will be left.
Data Analysis
The researchers will utilize the reflexive version of thematic analysis in examining the
data that will be collected in this study. Thematic analysis is one of the methods that centers on
distinguishing patterned meaning across a datasheet. The reflexive version of thematic analysis
can be applied on various framework and used to different types of research questions. It is
applicable for queries affiliated to perspectives of people and perception. (Braun and Clarke,
2006)
The researchers will use the developed six phases of thematic analysis: Familiarizing
with data, generating initial codes, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming
themes, and producing reports.

CHAPTER III
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
The findings of the study will be introduced in this chapter to show the professional
perception of the participants. The researchers have brought together the ideas, beliefs, and
experiences of the said participants in accordance with what they know, what they feel, and what
they think about lucid dreaming as a professional. This was all possible with the use of thematic
analysis method.
The interview was managed around Pampanga: Guagua, Bacolor, and Angeles. The
researchers coordinated with five (5) professionals as they fit the basis of the researchers in
choosing their participants. Specifically, mental health professionals, explicitly:
psychometricians, registered psychologists, psychology professors, and neurologists, are chosen
because of the relativity of their profession on the topic. This means that the answers of the
participants will ensure the further improvement the of accumulation of data. The researchers
included a brief introduction for the said participants coded as "P" that means "Professional."
P1 was the code used to represent the first participant. The participant is a registered
psychometrician and owns a rehabilitation located at their house. During the interview, P1 kept
being professional while answering and showed consistency. The participant has a background
regarding the said topic that enables the participant to answer every question. All throughout the
interview, P1 did not lose eye contact with the researchers.

The second respondent is coded as P2. P2 is a registered psychologist. P2 is aware of
lucid dreaming and used psychological terminologies to explain it. Also, P2 answered the
questions based on the field of profession also the knowledge about research.
P3 is a teacher from a university in Pampanga. P3 admitted the lack of awareness and
personal disagreement about the topic was expressed by the professional, but still the questions
were answered to the best of the knowledge of the participant. The answers stated were based on
what the professional learned. It was also further discussed using scientific terms then got
explained to the researchers to get the points across.
Participant number four was coded as P4. The participant is a psychology professor in
one of the universities here in Pampanga. P4 answered the questions based on existing studies
and also included own experiences. The participant also believed that dreams had something to
do with real life and religion.
P5 is a neurologist in one of the hospitals in Pampanga. The participant mostly based the
answers to the interview to what is known in the field of neurology.

Concept of Lucid Dreaming
Table 1. Concept of lucid dreaming
Q1: What is your concept of lucid dreaming?
CODE RESPONSES
P1 A: “So, number one, what is your concept of lucid dreaming? Ah, this one
naman. lucid dreaming kasi refers to knowing yourself na nananaginip ka
when you’re actually dreaming. Tapos after non, pag nalaman mo na
nananaginip ka, actually, doon papasok ‘yong level of controlling lucid
dream.”
P2 A: “Sa napag-aralan, uhm, in its simplest term, the dreamer is lucid when
he is aware that he is dreaming. Atsaka, uhm, the dreamer can control
‘yong, ano, dream niya.”

P3 A: “Lucid dreaming kasi sa pagkakaalam ko, ito ba ‘yong we can control
our dream? ‘Yan ay ‘yong doon sa mga literature ninyo, ‘yan ‘yong
sinasabi. So, according to your literature, uhm, lucid dreaming is about
being aware or conscious that you are in a dream. Ganoon siya. So, with
that, if that is the definition of lucid dreaming na formal definition.”

P4 A: “Okay, uhm, the definition of lucid dreaming is when a person is aware
of his or her dreams. Nako-control niya 'yong memory niya sa lucid
dreaming. So, 'yong concept ng lucid dreaming, ah, if you will look it or
look at it in a clinical setting iba siya, iba din siya sa situation. 'Yong iba
kase when they define lucid dreaming, parang hindi nila alam masyado
alam ‘yong definition niya. 'Yong parang sa inception, 'yong movie na
inception, 'di ba? Parang may control ka, may memory ka. Hindi lahat ng
individuals kayang gawin 'yon. So, doon papasok 'yong tatlong ininumerate

niyo rito cognitive, affective, and physiological.”
P5 A: “So, 'yong concept of lucid dreaming really you just mean you tend to
remember 'yong dreams when they occur So, it’s possible we still dream, but
we just don't remember it because it ends to occur during the REM stage of
sleep.”
Question number one executes the participants’ different concepts of lucid dreaming.
which would adjudicate whether lucid dreaming is recognized or not. The participants’ responses
partake an important portion that allows the researchers to determine whether lucid dreaming’s
has a different concept on diverse chosen fields of expertise of the participants. According to
Harvard Health Publishing (2011), a professional’s insights based on its own expertise are
crucial in order to get the validity or be trusted by individual.
P1: “… lucid dreaming kasi refers to knowing yourself na nananaginip ka when
you’re actually dreaming.”
Utmost interest to the topic lucid dreaming was showed by P1 while answering the
question. The ability to recognize that oneself is dreaming was the own concept of lucid
dreaming that was pointed out by P1. Once a person realized the herself or himself is dreaming,
the beginning of controlling one’s dream will occur (Tucillo et al., 2013).
P2: “… the dreamer is lucid when he is aware that he is dreaming.”
On the existing knowledge that was gathered from the respected field of expertise of the
participant was where P2’s answer was rooted. The participant, P2, defined own concept of lucid
dreaming as a dream which an individual can consciously influence the content of dream and
aware during dreaming state (Brogaard, 2012).

P3: “So, according to your literature, uhm, lucid dreaming is about being aware
or conscious that you are in a dream.”
The third participant, P3, forthrightly showed disagreement with the existing concept of
lucid dreaming which was inscribed on literatures. Having said that, P3 expressed the concept of
lucid dreaming using the idea that is written on existing literature about the said topic: lucid
dream, based on La Berge’s studies, is basically a dream wherein the dreamer is conscious that
he/she is dreaming (Wu, 2019).
P4: “Nako-control niya 'yong memory niya sa lucid dreaming.”
P4: “So, 'yong concept ng lucid dreaming, ah, if you will look it or look at it in a
clinical setting iba siya, iba din siya sa situation.”
P4: “Hindi lahat ng individuals kayang gawin 'yon.”
P4 delineated that lucid dreaming is the awareness of an individual of his own dream. On
the other hand, the participant declared that the concept of lucid dreaming is depending on which
kind of setting a professional is focused (e.g. clinical setting). Changes in meaning are as
common as structure changes. The variation of meaning transpires since words are constantly
used and what is proposed by speakers is not exactly the same each time (Traugott and Dasher,
2002). P4 mentioned that some individual might not be familiar with the meaning of lucid
dreaming. The participant also stated that lucid dreaming cannot be performed by every
individual.
P5: “So, 'yong concept of lucid dreaming really you just mean you tend to
remember 'yong dreams when they occur.”

Simply, for P5, the concept of lucid dreaming is basically the ability of dreamer to
remember his own dream. P5 clarified that in field of neurology, the ability to control one’s
dream is absurd. In normal dream, dreamer tend to disremember his personal dream.
Nevertheless, a dreamer who experience lucid dream is able to restate one’s dream once awaken
from dreaming state. Hobson et al. (2000) stated that there are specific regions on human’s brain
that activates in order for people to recall his dream but those regions did not provide any
evidence that a dreamer controls his dream.
Table 1.1. Occurrence of lucid dreaming
Q1.1: How lucid dreaming occurs?
CODE RESPONSES
P1 A: Ah, this one can be done purposely. Pwedi rin ‘tong gawin na
unconsciously or di sinasadya. I actually have a friend na hindi niya
sadyang naglu-lucid dream siya. Then, I also have one friend na alam niya
kung paano, kasi there is certain steps kung paano ‘yon.

P2 A: According sa mga studies na nabasa ko, uhm, lucid dreaming often
occurs pag nahimbing na ‘yong isang tao pero possible naman din san
nREM, minsan. Uhm, there’s no exact reason na ano, why lucid dreaming
occurs sa tao. Meron pa ngang nagsasabi na paglaki niawala na ito. Dahil
yon sa pagdevelop ng brain sa paglaki ng isang bata.

P3 A: I think nag-o-occur ito pag nandoon ka sa, ah, phase ng sleep mo, ‘yong
NREM sleep natin kasi during this time, this is the time where our mind is
trying to transition from our conscious or ‘yong wakeful state natin from
deep sleep phase natin or ‘yong REM. So, during this time, I think this is the
time when lucid dreaming is occurring kasi ito na 'yong time kung saan

‘yong brain natin is trying to ano, parang to adjust to the state of our mind
on that moment kasi hindi naman natin masasabi na unconscious tayo pero
hindi din natin masasabi na one hundred percent we are conscious during
that time.
P4 A: Mostly, nangyayari ‘to sa dreaming stage. Of, course, with the word
itself, lucid dreaming. Sa akin, nangyayari kadalasan if I am exhausted.

P5 A: Well, usually, there's dreaming that occurs from kung ano man 'yong
brain functions natin. Ngayon, usually, kasi 'yong dreams that occurred
during 'yong what we called REM stage of sleep. Ito 'yong mga
natatandaan natin. So, ako 'yon 'yong difference between REM sleep, Rapid
Eye Movement sleep, versus Non - REM sleep. Normally, dreaming occurs
during this stage of REM. Ngayon, there's some dreaming that occurs
during Non - REM also. But, usually, hindi natatandaan. ‘Yon ang
pagkakaiba sa normal one.
Question 1.1 was put under question 1 in order to dig further the various concepts of
professionals toward lucid dreaming. Also, question 1.1 reveals whether the participants are
familiar or unfamiliar on how lucid dreaming occurs. Familiarity significantly influenced the
insights of the participant towards the asked topic (Ritterman, 1994)
P1: “Ah, this one can be done purposely. Pwedi rin ‘tong gawin na
unconsciously or di sinasadya.”
P1: “Then, I also have one friend na alam niya kung paano, kasi there is certain
steps kung paano ‘yon.”

P1 articulated the possibility of performing lucid dreaming knowingly or unconsciously.
The statements regarding the occurrence of lucid dreaming were derived from the personal
experiences of the participant’s confidants. Also, P1 acknowledged that there are certain steps in
order to do the said topic which was based on P1’s own confidant’s experience. La Berge and
Rheingold (1990) presented a step-by-step manner in the book Exploring the World of Lucid
Dreaming in order to provide an information that lucid dreaming can be a learnable skill.
P2: “…lucid dreaming often occurs pag nahimbing na yong isang tao pero
possible naman din san nREM, minsan.”
P2: “Meron pa ngang nagsasabi na paglaki niawala na ito. Dahil yon sa
pagdevelop ng brain sa paglaki ng isang bata.”
Personally, for P2, the occurrence of lucid dreaming happens on REM but has a
possibility to occur during nREM. It was also mentioned by P2 that maturation might affect the
ability of a person to lucid dream. Voss et al (2012) also proposes that the occurrence of lucid
dreaming can be link to the brain’s maturation.
P3: “I think nag-o-occur ito pag nandoon ka sa, ah, phase ng sleep mo, ‘yong
NREM sleep natin kasi during this time, this is the time where our mind is trying to
transition from our conscious or ‘yong wakeful state natin from deep sleep phase natin
or ‘yong REM. So, during this time, I think this is the time when lucid dreaming is
occurring…”
P3 focused on stages which lucid dreaming befalls. Lucid dreaming occurs on nREM
stage of sleep or the period of transition of wakeful state toward deep stage of sleep or the REM.
According to an article written by Cleveland Clinic, sleep is prompted by natural phases of brain

activity and consists of two basic stages: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM
(nREM) sleep. Having said that, assurance cannot be hundred percent guaranteed that during the
said sleep stage, nREM, one is unconscious or mindful.
P4: “Mostly, nangyayari ‘to sa dreaming stage.”
P4: “Sa akin, nangyayari kadalasan if I am exhausted.”
P4’s first-hand experience on the occurrence of lucid dreaming was voiced out. It was
emphasized by P4 that, personally, lucid dreaming mostly occurs during the participant is
exhausted. Also, P4 stated that lucid dreaming transpires during the dreaming stage.
P5: “Ngayon, usually, kasi 'yong dreams that occurred during 'yong what we
called REM stage of sleep. Ito 'yong mga natatandaan natin.”
P5: “Ngayon, there's some dreaming that occurs during Non - REM also. But,
usually, hindi natatandaan. ‘Yon ang pagkakaiba sa normal one.”
P5 considered REM stage of sleep as when lucid dreaming transpires whereas dreaming
itself happens throughout this period (Nunez, 2019). Likewise, dreams have a possibility to
transpire during nREM stage of sleep. However, dreams happening during nREM stage usually
forgets by dreamer. Traditionally, it is assumed that dreaming happens in REM sleep. However,
study from Aalto University (2016) shows that there are recorded evidences through
electroencephalogram that a person on NREM sleep are also able to experience dreaming.
Table 1.2. Evidences of a person having a lucid dreaming
Q1.2: What are the evidences that a person is having lucid dreams?
CODE RESPONSES

P1 A: “Number one na mapapansin mo sa kanya, siguro kapag naglu-lucid
dream is ‘yong two eyes niya. Nakapikit pero gumagalaw kasi ‘tong lucid
dreaming na ito, it happens during REM stage o rapid eye movement. ‘Yong
isa naman, NREM o ‘yong non-rapid eye movement. During nREM, mababa
‘yong level of heartbeat, ‘yong activity ng brain, and everything. So, walang
masyadong nangyayari doon. However, during REM dito na ‘yong
magkakaroon ng faster heartbeat tapos mas mataas ‘yong cognitive activity
nila kasi nagpo-process na dahil alam nilang nananaginip sila.”

P2 A: “As far as I know, ano, it depends sa eye movements ng isang tao. Uh,
‘yong eye movements na ‘to nagbibigay sila ng signals sa pagtulog na. ‘Yon
ang nadedetect ng researchers through electro-oculogram tsaka ‘yon din
‘yong inoobserve nila. Tsaka sa breathing, voluntary control sila, eh.”

P3 A: “What are the evidences that a person is having a lucid dream or is
already lucid dreaming? Ah, hindi ko alam sa literature ninyo ‘no kase
honestly this concept is something na, it’s very ano ‘no, it’s very pop
psychology 'yong tawag natin dito. It is not something na hindi naman natin
masasabi na hindi sya totoo pero marami sa psych people na they don't
believe in this. Why? Kasi siguro the lack of research. It's very difficult to
assess if the person is having lucid dreaming except having the person relay
‘no ‘yong kani’yang experiences while dreaming. Say for example,
pagkagising niya tatanungin mo siya, naalala mo ba ‘yong panaginip mo?
Yes, na nananaginip ako ng ganito, gan’yan.”

P4 A: “'Yong evidences? Ah, 'yon doon papasok ‘yong tinatawag nating case
study. We need to record 'yong events niya. Paano niya na-e- encounter
'yong lucid dreaming? So, name-memorize ba niya or natatandaan ba niya?

Nako-control niya 'yong event? Kasi merong ganoong individuals base
on my experience. May mga individuals na akala nila nagiging parang may
effect 'yon sa kanila. For example, may isang dream na kunyari meron
gawin natin sa concepting na parang magboyfriend, tapos naghiwalay.
Tapos may bagong relationship na 'yong isang tao pero napapanaginipan
pa rin niya 'yong previous ‘yong previous boyfriend or ex-girlfriend tapos
natandaan niya 'yong mga pangyayari na 'yon doon sa dream na 'yon.
Pagkagising niya parang may effect 'yon sa kanya. Mahirap siyang i-control
kung di ka aware na dream lang 'yon, akala mo parang realistic. May effect
pa 'yon sa emotion. So papasok din don 'yong emotional aspect ng brain mo.
Of course, we have different lobes in our brain. They have special functions
for the frontal lobe, varietal lobe, occipital lobe. Definitely 'yong emotions
natin nasa frontal lobe lang natin. Ang problema hindi lahat ng tao develop
na 'yong frontal area nila kase an average adult hindi pa talaga 'yan
develop. Ako siguro in may case develop na 'yong frontal lobe ko so 'yong
emotions ko nako - control ko na. Pero ako naglu - lucid dreaming ako
madalas so ia - apply ko 'yong sarili ko and every time na naglu-lucid
dreaming ako nag-i-iba 'yong perspective ko sa buhay. Tapos, ang hirap
niyang kalimutan. Tapos, minsan umaabot ng two days 'yong effect ng
dream sakin. Nako - control ko minsan 'yong parang gawin ko kunyari
meron akong gustong tao, may asawa na ko pero 'yong ex ko
napapanaginipan ko siya. 'Yong asawa ngayon hindi ko siya
napapanaginipan. Pag napapanaginipan ko 'yong ex ko may effect pa rin
siya sakin. Kino - control ko 'yong events na nangyayari doon sa dream ko

na 'yon. Na ay meron pala akong skill na ganoon. Pero, actually, skill ba?
Uh, pero mostly, nasa development ng brain. Another is nakukuwento na
niya, nako - control na niya. Tapos parang naaalala niya 'yong every detail
ng dream niya. 'Yong mga evidences na 'yon pwede mong i-record. Pero,
hindi lahat hindi, actually, 'yong lucid dream hindi 'to tini-take into
consideration. Hindi siya masyadong in-i-study kaya nga medyo parang
uhm, in-i-study niyo 'yong lucid dreaming kasi parang hindi siya masyadong
pinapansin sa clinical setting.”

P5 A: “Off hand, I really can't think of evidence right now. Sort of the patient,
you know, relating that he remembers 'yong vivid dreams niya. Usually,
'yang person will just suddenly wake up from REM stage of sleep and some
of the feelings, some of 'yong emotions that he experienced during the
dreams, it feels like its crossing over during wakefulness, right. But the more
aware he is, the more conscious he is. He realized that he is just dreaming
and so nagwe - wear off din 'yong mga physiological effect of those
dreams.”
Question number 1.2 allows the researchers to know if the participants possess a
knowledge about the evidences of a person having a lucid dream. According to Centre For Youth
Impact, evidence is information in support of claim which can be strong or weak.
P1: “Number one na mapapansin mo sa kanya, siguro kapag naglu-lucid dream
is ‘yong two eyes niya. Nakapikit pero gumagalaw kasi ‘tong lucid dreaming na ito, it
happens during REM stage o rapid eye movement."

P1: " …during REM dito na ‘yong magkakaroon ng faster heartbeat tapos mas
mataas ‘yong cognitive activity nila kasi nagpo-process na dahil alam nilang
nananaginip sila.."
The first evidence to consider when a person is having a lucid dreaming is the person’s
two eyes, shut but moving. This transpires during Rapid Eye Movement (REM). P1 also stated
that during REM stage, lucid dreamer is experiencing faster heartbeat and possess a higher
cognitive activity process because of awareness during dreaming state.
P2: "… it depends sa eye movements ng isang tao. Uh, ‘yong eye movements na
‘to nagbibigay sila ng signals sa pagtulog na. ‘Yon ang nagsisignal sa researchers tapos
alam ko may equipment ,eh. Ah, through electro-oculogram! ‘Yon inoobserve nila. Tsaka
sa breathing, voluntary control ‘yong lucid dreamers, eh."
P2 stated that those who are experience lucid dreams signal that they are lucid dreaming
through specific eye movements which was supported by study of LaBerge et al (1981). By pre-
determining this signal before sleep, past researchers are able to detect it by using the electro-
oculogram during their REM sleep. Voluntary control of breathing is also an evidence when a
person is having a lucid dream (LaBerge, 1990).
P3: “It's very difficult to assess if the person is having lucid dreaming except
having the person relay ‘no ‘yong kani’yang experiences while dreaming. Say for
example, pagkagising niya tatanungin mo siya, naalala mo ba ‘yong panaginip mo? Yes,
na nananaginip ako ng ganito, gan’yan."
P3 admitted that evidences about lucid dreaming are somehow hard to give due to lack of
study about the said topic. Although, P3 still considered assessing the testimony of a person or
the eyewitness about his own experience to be a probable reliance for evidence. Testimonial

evidence is perhaps the most basic form of evidence and therefore the only sort that typically
does not require a different form of evidence as a precondition for its admissibility (Fed. R. Evid.
602)
P4: “'Yong evidences? Ah, 'yon doon papasok ‘yong tinatawag nating case study.
We need to record 'yong events niya. Paano niya na-e- encounter 'yong lucid dreaming?
So, name-memorize ba niya or natatandaan ba niya? Nako-control niya 'yong event?”
P4: “Of course, we have different lobes in our brain. They have special functions
for the frontal lobe, varietal lobe, occipital lobe. Definitely 'yong emotions natin nasa
frontal lobe lang natin. Ang problema hindi lahat ng tao develop na 'yong frontal area
nila kase an average adult hindi pa talaga 'yan develop. Ako siguro in may case develop
na 'yong frontal lobe ko so 'yong emotions ko nako - control ko na.”
In terms of evidences, case study should be done in order to attain the desired
information. Memorizing, remembering, or controlling one’s dream are three factors one must
consider when executing a case study. Case study provides a detailed analysis leading to a
broader understanding of a particular topic (Mc Leod, 2019). Also, different lobes in our brain,
specifically frontal lobe, must be acknowledged for it is where one’s emotion is based (Drewe,
1975). According to P4, a more developed frontal lobe produced a better control to emotion that
can be reflected while dreaming.
P5: "Off hand, I really can't think of evidence right now. Sort of the patient, you
know, relating that he remembers 'yong vivid dreams niya."
P5:"…Some of the feelings, some of 'yong emotions that he experienced during
the dreams, it feels like its crossing over during wakefulness, right. "

P5 had a difficulty on providing evidence due to lack of patient. Nonetheless, P5
indicated that part of emotions felt during dreaming state is most likely to cross over on wakeful
state. Hence, the emotion that was tackled might become a reference.
Table 1.3.1. Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of cognitive
Q1.3.1: What are the experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of cognitive?
CODE RESPONSES
P1 A: “Number one. Kapag ganito, unang-una na ‘yong mas active sila during
that specific stage. Kung baga ‘yong brain energy nila mas gamit pag
natutulog during lucid dream.”

P2 A: “Parang, ano, kapag ang isang tao ay malakas ang imagination o
mabilis magproduce ng mental images ang isang utak, mas madali sa kanya
mag lucid dream.”

P3 A: “Siguro cognitively, the person is parang aware siya na “Okay, I am in
this state of my sleep” ‘no. “I am sleep but I am awake in my sleep” parang
ganoon. Cognitively, nagre - register 'yon sa brain noong tao.”

P4 FQ: “Dito po ba pumapasok ‘yong parts of brain na nabanggit niyo
kanina?”
A: “Yes. Like ‘yong frontotempotal lobes, 'yong frontal and temporal areas.
Ang lobes natin meron pang mga specific parts 'yan. So may mga cortex,
cortex 'yan. You have to take note, anong cortex. You have to take note
which cortex is responsible for emotions, feelings 'yan, memory ganoon.”

P5 A: “I don't believe that a person can control his dreams. What I've notice is
when you're anxious, when you're fearful about something of something, the
quality our dreams tend to be those that scare us also. Ah, mostly, that's

what I noticed. But 'yong sabihin mong the substation of subconscious
control like he can control what to dream about, I don't have any experience
of that, I don't have any experience with it. Mostly ahh if a patient is
anxious, I'll noticed that the dreams tend to be a scary type also. If
somebody sa- like he was falling, ahh something, somebody was running
after him, 'yong mga ganoon. Pero 'yong sabihin mo na ahh he can dictate
of what to dreamt off, I haven't experience that.”
“Cognitively, oh, okay, that's a hard question no. You'll be going into an
anatomy ng physiological aspect of memory. So, meron tayong memory
circuit sa brain that would also help us remember of what we dreamt off.
Pero 'yon na nga, unless it occurs during the REM stage of sleep, I don't
think they will remember it. As for memory, it’s going to take to make use of
the different parts of the brain. So, ma-i-encode 'yong memories sa may
temporal lobe no. It’s going to go on processing. It’s going to add all 'yong
emotional color to it. So, it’s not just the matter of you know that this
happen, you're also going to feel when you, when you recall it.”
Question 1.3.1 acts as one of the factors in question 1.3 that pertains to the different
perspective of the participants in regard with the experiences of someone who encountered lucid
dreaming. Whether lucid dreaming has a contributing factor to a person who experience from it
in terms of cognitive.
P1: “Kapag ganito, unang-una na ‘yong mas active sila during that specific
stage. Kung baga ‘yong brain energy nila mas gamit pag natutulog during lucid dream.”

The P1 stated that in terms of cognitive the brain become more active during a specific
stage of sleep which was during REM, rapid eye movement, sleep (Devlin, 2018). Thalamus was
the active part of the brain during the REM sleep and operates to transfer messages in distinction
to the senses towards the cerebral cortex (Office of Communications and Public Liaison,
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 2019).
Also, a person is believed to use his brain energy more when sleeping while experiencing lucid
dream.
P2: “…kapag ang isang tao ay malakas ang imagination o mabilis magproduce
ng mental images ang isang utak, mas madali sa kanya mag lucid dream.”
A person with strong imagination tends to have more possibility to achieve experiencing
lucid dream according to P2. The brain produced more images when someone had a powerful
creative mind. Studies suggest that lucid dreaming is a specialized form of metal imagery.
Hardy, Jones, and Gould (1996) defines mental imagery as “a symbolic sensory experience that
may occur in any sensory mode”. Studies such as Gackenbeach, Prill, and Westrom (1983)
shows that lucid dreaming is linked to waking imagery vividness. Erlacher and Schredl (2010)
have shown that lucid dreaming has overlaps with the mental training of motor-imagery which is
often experienced by professional athletes. In addition, lucid dreaming is also linked to different
personality dimensions such as openness to experience, higher creativity, and the need for
cognition (Blagrove & Hartnell, 2000).
P3: “Siguro cognitively, the person is parang aware siya na “Okay, I am in this
state of my sleep” ‘no. “I am sleep but I am awake in my sleep” parang ganoon.
Cognitively, nagre - register 'yon sa brain noong tao.”

P3 stated that a person seemed to be aware that he or she is in a state of sleep but also
awake in the said state of sleep. The dreams a person experienced would also register to his or
her brain. A study carried out in 2011 showed that people who have more brain-wave activity in
their prefrontal cortex after awakening from REM sleep have stronger dream memories (Barrett,
2014).
P4: “Like ‘yong frontotempotal lobes, 'yong frontal and temporal areas. Ang
lobes natin meron pang mga specific parts 'yan. So may mga cortex, cortex 'yan. You
have to take note, anong cortex. You have to take note which cortex is responsible for
emotions, feelings 'yan, memory ganoon.”
P4 emphasized the consideration the different lobes within a person’s brain, specifically
the numerous cortexes. In doing such, a person might determine which cortex is involve with
memories for lucid dreaming’s one definition, according to P4, is ability to remember dream.
The frontal lobe was a region in the cerebral cortex of the brain, there was a paired lobe which
were apprehended as the right and left frontal cortex (Han2017). The frontal lobe was the part of
the brain responsible for the cognitive skills of a human being was the frontal lobe. In a sense, it
acted as the “control panel” of one’s character (Healthline's Medical Network2015). There was
an increased in the activity which were located in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the bilateral
frontopolar prefrontal cortex, the precuneus, the inferior parietal lobules, and the supramarginal
gyrus. It was the areas in the brain interconnected to the cognitive functions of a person
(Mutz&Javadi2017).
P5: “Cognitively, oh, okay, that's a hard question no. You'll be going into an
anatomy ng physiological aspect of memory. So, meron tayong memory circuit sa brain
that would also help us remember of what we dreamt off.”

P5: “As for memory, it’s going to take to make use of the different parts of the
brain. So, ma-i-encode 'yong memories sa may temporal lobe no. It’s going to go on
processing. It’s going to add all 'yong emotional color to it. So, it’s not just the matter of
you know that this happen, you're also going to feel when you, when you recall it.”
P5 did not believed that a person can control his or her dreams, instead lucid dreaming is
recalling one’s dream due to lack of encountered experiences inclined with manipulating one’s
dream. The emotion a person had encounter on his or her dream might reflect on waking life
causing a person to remember his dream. P5 admitted that in terms of cognitive, it would be
difficult to explain for one should consider the anatomy of physiological aspects of memory
There were memories circuit that helped someone to remember his or her dreams. In Rapid Eye
Movement (REM) stage of sleep where dreams tend to be recall happened. Dreams which was
not in the REM sleep had the tendency to be forgotten. All different parts of the brain were used
during this time. Encoded memories would be found in the temporal lobe. In P5’s stated that it
was not only the part wherein a person remembered his or her dreams but also remembering the
feeling the dreams have when a person tried to recall it.
The interview concluded that there were different parts of the brain involved when an
individual experienced lucid dreaming. Throughout the dream a whole brain was active starting
from the brain stem all the way to the cortex. Mostly dreams happened in the Rapid Eye
Movement (REM) sleep. In order to produced long-term memories, hippocampus was crucial.
The scientists concluded that memories were accumulated in the neocortex, the part of the brain
liable for cognitive functions (Trafton2017).

Table 1.3.2. Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of affective
Q1.3.2: What are the experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of affective?
CODE RESPONSES
P1 A: “Kapag affect naman, it depends kung anong klaseng dream. Kapag
nakakatakot ‘yong dream nagiging nightmare ‘yong lucid dreaming nila. Of
course, ‘yong affect nila takot sila. ‘Yong emotion takot, kapag galit pang
angry iyong affect nila. Kung baga ‘yong affect nila is depende kung anong
klaseng dream ‘yong meron sila.”

P2 A: “Mainly, doon tayo sa nightmares. Kasi gaya nga ng sabi ko kanina, pag
madaling magproduce ng mental images ang isanag tao madali para sa
kanyang palitan ang nightmare ng mas maganda. Lucid dreaming ‘yon.
Kasi, syempre, natatakot sila eh. Nightmares have something to do with
their emotions.”
P3 A: “Then affective, when we say affective emotions there is some people, I
think, they are having bad dreams while being aware of it ‘no tapos they are
able to control it. May mga naririnig kasi akong ganoon, eh, parang
kinukuwento nila sa akin na parang nananaginip daw sila na may gustong
pumatay sa kanila tapos sila daw naglalaban sila o kaya pipilitin nilang
magising. So, that in itself is already trying to control the dream. I think,
that's just me. So, Question 1.3.2 affectively, I think 'yong experiences ng
mga taong nakakapag - lucid dreaming is ano, it’s not traumatic, it’s not
something na talagang maba - bother sila pero medyo ano sya ‘no nakaka -
ano din kasi I don't know the right term, eh. Hindi siya traumatic, it’s
something bothersome, something out of the ordinary. Kasi usually, when
you dream, para kang ano eh para kang nanonood ng movie pero hindi mo

alam na nanonood ka usually. Pero kung ikaw at isang tao na nag na
nakapaglu - lucid dreaming, you are part of the movie. Parang ikaw ‘yong
director, ikaw pa 'yong actor, parang ganoon, something like that. I'm not
really sure you know ‘no.”

P4 FQ: “Dito po papasok ‘yong nasabi niyong emotional effect na nabanggit
niyo kanina?”
A: “Oo, hindi lang 'yon. 'Yong ahh dito din papasok 'yong ibang parts ng
katawan natin. Kapag kasi nako-control mo may mga signs din na nagcha-
change 'yong physical attributes mo. For example, sa heart, mas bumibilis
'yong heartbeat, difficulty in breathing lalo na kung 'yong effect ng dream
mo masyadong siyang intense. Ako madalas talaga. Tapos minsan 'yong
mga dreams ko, sa religion ko, Muslim ako. So 'yong dreams sa religion
namin very ano important. May mga meaning so lalo na noong nag-Muslim
ako, mas nabigyan ko ng pansin 'yong mga lucid dreams ko. Pero 'yon nga
pag sabi ko nga pag nae-encounter ko 'yong bigla kong naaalala or na na-
napapanaginipan 'yong ex ko, hindi ko nagugustuhan kasi meron na 'kong
asawa. Siguro, ano rin sa experience din. I had good and bad experiences
sa relationship na 'yon na hindi ko pa siya makalimutan. Kasi 'yong brain
din natin meron siyang tendency to forget, pwede mong kalimutan 'yong
isang bagay parang may mga taong kaya nilang gawin 'yon na kalimutan
talaga 'tong mga nangyari na 'to. But, in my case, kahit na madami na 'kong
na-experience kahit detail ng isang dream naaalala ko.”

P5 A: “Memories kasi it’s not just a matter of remembering what happened,
there's always some degree of emotions involved also specially if you were

affected very strongly by that event, right? So, events that don't have no
meaning for us, we don't recall it as much. Whereas, 'yong events that we
feel strongly with, they tend to be remembered. It also, kasi para sa different
parts of the brain, all conspire now to help us to remember. It's whether it
was a bad memory that when you remember, you are fearful, or it was a
happy memory that when you recall it, you get warm and fuzzy.”
Problem 1.3.2., one of the considerations in problem 1.3., concerns the participant's
distinguish viewpoints on the experiences of a person who has witnessed a lucid dream. In any
case, lucid dreaming holds a significance in terms of affective.
P1: “Kapag affect naman, it depends kung anong klaseng dream. Kapag
nakakatakot ‘yong dream nagiging nightmare ‘yong lucid dreaming nila. Of course,
‘yong affect nila takot sila. ‘Yong emotion takot, kapag galit pang angry iyong affect
nila. Kung baga ‘yong affect nila is depende kung anong klaseng dream ‘yong meron
sila.”
Affectively, the emotions a person felt depend on what type of dreams he had. For P1,
dreams and emotions have a direct proportion relationship as the participant illustrated some
example. According to William Domhoff, dreams mirrored the conceptions and standpoint in the
waking life of a dreamer. In his neurocognitive dream theory, utmost dreams of an individual
were indeed parallel to the perceptions of a person in waking life towards the emotions felt in a
dream.
P2: “Mainly, doon tayo sa nightmares. Kasi gaya nga ng sabi ko kanina, pag
madaling magproduce ng mental images ang isanag tao madali para sa kanyang palitan

ang nightmare ng mas maganda. Lucid dreaming ‘yon. Kasi, syempre, natatakot sila eh.
Nightmares have something to do with their emotions.”
P2 focuses on how nightmares trigger the emotion of a person causes him to lucid dream.
The study of Schredl and Erlacher (2004) showed that nightmares can activate lucid dreaming.
Lucid dreamers change their nightmares into more pleasant dreams (Schädlich&Erlacher2011).
P3: “Then affective, when we say affective emotions there is some people, I think,
they are having bad dreams while being aware of it ‘no tapos they are able to control it.
May mga naririnig kasi akong ganoon, eh, parang kinukuwento nila sa akin na parang
nananaginip daw sila na may gustong pumatay sa kanila tapos sila daw naglalaban sila
o kaya pipilitin nilang magising. So, that in itself is already trying to control the dream.”
P3 also enunciated the connection of the emotion nightmares produces and how it
activate the lucidity while. The answer stated by P3 was based on people’s experiences
surrounding the participant.
P4: “Kapag kasi nako-control mo may mga signs din na nagcha-change 'yong
physical attributes mo. Kasi 'yong brain din natin meron siyang tendency to forget,
pwede mong kalimutan 'yong isang bagay parang may mga taong kaya nilang gawin 'yon
na kalimutan talaga 'tong mga nangyari na 'to. But, in my case, kahit na madami na
'kong na-experience kahit detail ng isang dream naaalala ko.”
P4 also included not just the cognitive factor but also the physical one; for instance,
executing sign of current feeling on dream through changes to one’s physical attributes such as
increase in heartbeat. Also, P4 tackled the involvement of religion when it comes to importance
of dreams. According to Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams (1899), dreams can be expounded with
the aid of his developed psychological method and also provide a set of standards to interpret the

rationale and symbols in a dream. As for the statements given by P4, the researchers concluded
that past experiences which left marks on one’s emotion might be reflected on emotions
experiencing once dreaming. Dreams were the notional of one’s robust emotions such as desires
and anxieties. The subject of one’s dream indicated the release of sexual or emotional tensions
(Freud, 1990). But in P4’s case, despite of having many experiences, still remembered every
details of the dreams.
P5: “Memories kasi it’s not just a matter of remembering what happened, there's
always some degree of emotions involved also specially if you were affected very strongly
by that event, right? So, events that don't have no meaning for us, we don't recall it as
much. Whereas, 'yong events that we feel strongly with, they tend to be remembered. It
also, kasi para sa different parts of the brain, all conspire now to help us to remember.”
P5 tackled the degree of impact of emotion a person once felt in dreaming state as reason
to remember it in waking life. Additionally, P5 mentioned the involvement of different parts of
brain which allows a person to recall one’s dream. In dream content, at least some aspects of
emotion and personality, including emotional temperament, are accurately mirrored, either
balanced or turbulent (Bulkeley, 2018).
Table 1.3.3. Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of physiological
Q1.3.3: What are the experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of physiological?
CODE RESPONSES
P1 A: “Next naman is ‘yong physiological. So, ito dito na papasok ‘yong eye
movement ng nakabukas, nakasara ‘yong mata tapos ‘yong faster heartbeat
tapos depende rin sa dream. Nagkakaroon ng pagpapawis ganon.”

P2 A: “Sa physiological namana, uhm, parang may specific pats ang brain

natin na nag mas pafunction sa tuwing naglulucid dream ang tao katulad
frontopolar cortex and temporoparietal.”

P3 A: “Physiologically, ito siguro ito kasi it’s very ano, eh, very biological. In
psychology, when we speak of dreaming factors, '‘yan ‘yong ginagawa sa
body natin. Say for example, when you dream naglalabas ng mga
neurotransmitters ang brain mo to signal na you have to kunyari ire -
release niya itong si neurotransmitters na ito para bumaba ‘yong
hyperactivity ng iyong katawan, ng iyong brain at para makapag - sleep
kayo ng maayos. So, maybe people who experience lucid dreaming kahit na
nasa sleep state sila or nasa gitna sila ng wakeful at sleep state talagang
super active nila biologically or physiologically baka ‘yong
neurotransmitters nila patuloy na nagpo - produce ng mga transmitters na it
keeps them awake in a sense kahit na tulog sila 'yong parang… I don't know
kasi pag natutulog ako wala talaga akong naaalala usually most of the time
so hindi ko alam ‘yong nae - experience nila [lucid dreamers] talaga when
it comes to manipulating their dreams. But, you know even if I don't really
believe in it [lucid dreams] siguro kasi hindi ko pa siya nae - experience. I
think it’s something na interesting ‘no. Kasi, bakit ganoon? Pano mo
nakokontrol 'yong dream mo ‘no? How do you do that? Is it something of
the mind? Is it something of the will power? It is something very different.
It’s something unfamiliar to me.”

P4 A: “Oh, 'yan. Diyan papasok, pero connect, connect kasi itong tatlo eh – C,
P, A, cognitive, affective and physiological. Physiological. Ang definition ng
physiology is the study of bodily functions in high school. Pero, if you will
be going to medical aspect, ang physiology is the study of normal functions

ng katawan natin. So, if hindi normal ‘yong lucid dream, hindi naman siya
magiging mental events. Kapag lang siguro natake mo siya as negative. In
my case, tini - take ko siya as positive. Baka pwedeng i-improve ko pa 'yong
activities ko, dapat mas maging futuristic ako, o kalimutan ko na 'yong past
ko. Usually, naman kasi sa lucid dreams past events.”

P5 A: “Well there's a lot of chemicals involved with memory ‘no. Right now,
there'll be talking about 'yong mga serotonin, mga glutamate. So, mga
electrical activity just to encode memory. That's a little complicated din and
it’s going to involve circuits. There are a lot of connection that have to be
made in order for a memory to be found.
So in order for you to recall what happened, there's going to be a lot of
physiological activity also within that.”
A body of a person when lucid dreaming may or may not show signs that he or she is
indeed, being conscious of the dream. The purpose of the physiological factor in relation to the
concept of the topic is the analyzation of the knowledge of participants and dissemination of
information regarding the validity of lucid dreaming in the perspective of mental health
professionals. To produce meaningful results, one must analyze data properly (Marx, 2019).
P1: “Dito na papasok 'yong eye-movement ng nakabukas, nakasara 'yong mata
tapos 'yong faster heartbeat tapos depende rin sa dream. Nagkakaroon ng pagpapawis
ganon.”
P1 focused on the eye movement in terms of physiological, also, the heartbeat and
sweating of the person depends on his or her dreams. It is said that the specific pattern used by a
lucid dreamer is the same when people observe an action taken by a body (Beres, 2018).

P2: “Sa physiological namana, uhm, parang may specific pats ang brain natin na
nag mas pafunction sa tuwing naglulucid dream ang tao katulad frontopolar cortex and
temporoparietal.”
P2 explained the function of the brain of a person every time he or she lucid dreams.
Those who frequently experience lucid dreaming showed a significant increase in the functional
connectivity between the frontopolar cortex (which plays a role in complex and higher order
behavior) and the temporoparietal association areas (which is responsible for dissimilar
information and putting them together in a coherent package) (Baird et. Al., 2018).
P3: “Say for example, when you dream naglalabas ng mga neurotransmitters ang
brain mo to signal na you have to kunyari ire - release niya itong si neurotransmitters na
ito para bumaba ‘yong hyperactivity ng iyong katawan, ng iyong brain at para makapag
- sleep kayo ng maayos. So, maybe people who experience lucid dreaming kahit na nasa
sleep state sila or nasa gitna sila ng wakeful at sleep state talagang super active nila
biologically or physiologically baka ‘yong neurotransmitters nila patuloy na nagpo -
produce ng mga transmitters na it keeps them awake in a sense kahit na tulog sila...”
P3 stated that the physiological factor is very biological, in the field of psychology, when
a person dreams, his or her brain will release neurotransmitters in order to sleep better.
According to Balandra, neurotransmitters are strong chemicals that control various physical and
emotional processes such as intellectual, psychological, social, and pain response.
P4: “If hindi normal 'yong lucid dream, hindi naman siya magiging mental
events, kapag lang siguro na-take mo siya as negative.”
For P4, the three factors are connected. Physiology in the medical aspect is the study of
normal bodily function so on the personal experience of the professional, lucid dreams are taken

in a positive way to improve daily activities. Without a proper routine, one will be more drained
in the mental, physical, and emotional aspects (Winfield, 2018).
P5: “There's a lot of chemicals involved with memory.”
P5 pointed out the numerous chemicals connected to the memory. It is complicated
because circuits will be involved. Recalling the dream may include activities physiologically and
association in finding a memory. Remembering dreams is the ability to process a dream when
awakened, and may not actually reflect the actual occurrence of dreams during sleep (Vallat et
al., 2018).
Association of Lucid Dreaming with Mental Health Issues
Table 2. Association of lucid dreaming with mental health issues
Q2: How can lucid dreaming be associated with mental health issues?
CODE RESPONSES
P1 A: “Hmm! Actually, itong lucid dreaming na ‘to pwede siyang gamitin sa
therapy. So, anong klaseng mga mental health concerns ‘yong pweding, i-
address ng lucid dreaming. Unang-una na ‘yong phobia, pangalawa ‘yong
nightmares. So, rito ang ginagamit nila like for example with phobia, pwede
kasi nilang gamitin ‘to as part ng exposure therapy nila. So, ‘yong
environment during lucid dreaming, since nga nako-control sila ng specific
individual. Pwede ni’yang imagine-nin ‘yong sarili nila na kunyare, may
phobia siya sa spider. For example, may malaking spider doon, e, dahil
nakokontrol nya ‘yong lucid dream niya, pwedi ni’yang lag’yan ng super

powers ‘yong sarili niya to defeat that spider. Tas, nagkakaroon din ng
thinking na natatalo niya ‘yong spider during that lucid dreaming. Pag
dating naman sa nightmares ganon din, madalas kasi, ah, kino-control nila
‘yong dreams nila. Iyong lumilipad sila at tyaka talaga ‘yong super power
as perception ng ng strength. So, I think, doon mo talaga siya pwedeng
gamitin.”
P2 A: “So, ano, uh,lucid dreaming can be used as therapy tawag doon lucid
dreaming treatment na ginamit sa nightmare, para mababaan ang
frequency. Since, nagagamit na siya, I think nakakatulong siya sa mga
patient. Mas nag iimprove ‘yong mental health ng isang tao kasi, according
sa nababasa ko ha, may mas okay na mental health ‘yong marunong mag
lucid dream.”
P3 A: “Physiologically parang wala naman si’yang ano ‘no. Parang hindi ka
naman affected physiologically maliban na lang kung while you're lucid
dreaming tumatayo ka ‘no. Medyo meron ng something na iba 'yon. Meron
na tayong mga sleep disorders na tinatawag na pwedeng ma - associate
doon. But, okay, siguro more on the mind. Hindi naman siya problema or
something of the mind pero siguro 'yon nga, those people experiencing lucid
dreaming may imbalance sa neurotransmitters nila. That is the only
explanation I can think about ‘no. It’s not something that I know because I
haven't read of it, sorry, in journals. Kayo? Nakapagbasa na kayo? Right?
So, maybe you have an idea. But, I don't, kaya hindi ko alam.”
P4 A: “Actually, hindi naman siya mental health issue. Nagiging mental health
issue lang siya pag ang isang tao naka-experience na ng anxiety. Okay,
anxiety is actually, ano, issue siya ngayon. Hindi lang sa Philippines even

other countries ‘no. My stand with anxiety is because of miscarriage, yes,
nagka-miscarriage ako. So hindi pa siya naging depression kasi I can still
socialize ‘no. Ah, 'yong lucid dreams for me, ha, in my own aspect, I'm not a
medical doctor pero 'yong lucid dreams nakakatulong siya kung positive din
'yong mga dreams mo. Pero pag negative siya, meron na siyang negative
impact sa tao lalo na pagkagising niya naaalala niya 'yong events tapos
pangit. Tapos 'yong cultural factors, you have to consider as well. The
cultural factors: ano '‘yong race niya? Kapampangan ba siya? Filipino ba
siya? Bisaya ba siya? So, 'yong mga cultural factors kailangan mo rin
siyang i- include doon sa pagconsider mo if this person because of lucid
dreams nagiging mental issues na sa kaniya. Pero, sakin hindi kasi nako-
control ko, eh. So, siguro 'yong maturity lang. Ang lalaki late mag - mature
'yan. Ang babae naman mature pero emotional. So, 'yong gender din
consider din pag may mental issue.”

P5 A: “Well, I did mention earlier that people who are anxious tend to have
dreams that are off the scary type or fearful type, so in that sense if a person
is under stress, if they're anxious, if they're going through a stressful
situations then their dreams might be colored by 'yong anxious feelings.
This, 'yong mga quality ng dreams nila will also be 'yong scary type to the
point they'll feel anxious even when they're dreaming, when they wake
up that's what they recall also.”
In accumulating the data concerning the affiliation of lucid dreaming with mental health
issues, the furtherment of the knowledge of the researchers and circulation of information will
give more substance to the topic and the goal of the researchers to compile and comprehend the

gathered intuitive understanding and insight of the professionals. Based on mentalhealth.gov,
over the course of the life of a person, if one experienced or experiences problems in mental
health the mood, thinking, and behavior of the person will be affected.
P1: “Itong lucid dreaming na 'to pwede siyang gamitin sa therapy.”
P1 believes it is possible to use lucid dreaming in a therapy, specifically in curing phobias
and nightmares. It is because the environment in lucid dreaming can give the dreamer a power to
control and overcome his or her fears. Lucid dreaming is a therapeutic medium, it is a place
where one can deal with his or her problem (Turner, 2015).
P2: “Since nagagamit na siya I think nakatutulong siya sa mga patient. Hindi
naman gagamitin 'yon kung walang effect, 'di ba?”
P2 claimed that lucid dreaming is already being used to aid a patient. It helps the person
improve his or her mental health. With the researches gathered about lucid dreaming, Lucid
Dreaming Treatment (LDT) is being used as a therapeutic tool. Research shows that doing so
decreased the levels of nightmare frequency (Spoormaker & van den Bout, 2006). Additionally,
it is also associated with greater mental health (LaBerge, 1985). For instance, Doll, Gitter, and
Holzinger’s (2009) study showed that those who frequently lucid dream has better mental health
as opposed to those who do not.
P3: “Meron na tayong mga sleep disorders na tinatawag na pwedeng ma-
associate doon.”
P3 associated sleep disorders with lucid dreaming. Those who experience it have an
imbalance in their neurotransmitters. With regards to poweronpoweroff, transient variations in
the imbalance of neurotransmitters can cause changes in a wide range of activities, including
your mood, your ability to sleep properly, your concentration and your ability to remember
details, or your motivation.

P4: “Nagiging mental health issue lang siya pag ang issng tao naka-experience
ng anxiety.”
P4 claimed lucid dreaming is not a mental issue, not until it caused a person to feel
anxious. Anxiety is an emotion that is natural and often good. If a person feels excessive levels
of anxiety on a regular basis, however, it may become a medical disorder (Felman, 2018). It must
also be taken into consideration the culture and maturity of a person.
P5: “If they're going through a stressful situation then their dreams might be
colored by 'yong anxious feelings.”
P5 connected lucid dreaming with the memory of a person. The matter can also be the
proneness of an anxious person to have negative dreams. When one had a bad dream, the dream
will be recalled when he or she woke up. It was discussed in sleep.org that, unpleasant dreams
cause lesser emotional distress than nightmares do, and more common.
As stated by most of the participants, nightmares, anxiety, and sleep disorders are the top
reasons why lucid dreaming can be associated with the mental heatlh of a person. P3 concluded
that there might be an imbalance in the brain and P2 said something about Lucid Dreaming
Treatment (LDT). It can possibly improve the health of a person mentally. Developments of the
health, well-being, and/or creativity of a person. In line with Lucidity Institue, LDT clinically
focuses on nightmares and distress due to other dream-related circumstances.

Opinions Regarding the Utilization of Lucid Dreaming in Clinical Settings
Table 3. Opinions regarding the utilization of lucid dreaming in clinical settings
Q3: What is your opinion regarding the utilization of lucid dreaming in clinical settings?
CODE RESPONSES
P1 A: “It could work. However, kailangan talaga na ‘yong practitioner na
gagawa ng approach na ‘to is very intensive ‘yong knowledge pagdating sa
lucid dreaming kasi pwedeng mapahamak ‘yong tao kapag hindi niya alam
kung anong ginagawa niya, diba? Para lang din tong pang… ah, alam niyo
‘yong clock tas [demonstrated: hand swinging] gumaganon? Anong tawag
don?
Uh, yes! Parang ano hypnotism lang na therapy, hypno therapy. Kapag
hindi ka knowledgeable tyaka hindi ka highly skilled doon sa specific na
therapy na ‘yon hindi mo siya magagamit sa clinical setup. So, ganon din
‘to. But I think kapag na utilize siya ng maayos, kapag alam niya kung
anong ginagawa niya, marami syang natutulungang mental health concerns
even PTSD. Pwede kasi, it operates on the subconscious level ganoon
‘yon.”
P2 A: “Hm, naniniwala naman ako na kung magkakaroon ng further training

sa mga professionals magiging possible ito. As seen, it appears that lucid
dreaming needs further researches to attest its effectivity in treatment of
mental health problems. Lalo na, in the current trend in psychotherapy and
counseling, therapeutic techniques are selected through the evidence-based
approach. Researches show which therapy techniques are useful in which
specific issues. If further researches show lucid dreaming’s effectivity, I do
believe that further training must be done by professionals before
implementing it. As with other therapeutic techniques, when not used
properly, it could do more harm than good. Ethics must also be strictly
observed when doing so especially on the context that a license (a
Registered Psychologist license) is necessary to provide psychotherapy
treatment to those who are experiencing mental health issues (especially
those diagnosed with a mental disorder).”

P3 A: “This one. Are you planning to take psychology in the future? Hindi?
Ikaw? Well in psychology, we have a concept of, uhm, the dreaming as way
of your body or your mind. Parang ilabas 'yong subconscious ano mo ‘no.
That's something from psychoanalysis kay Sigmund Freud, yes. So, parang
sinasabi niya na 'yong mga bagay na pinapanaginipan mo merong deeper
meaning ‘yan. There's a meaning behind the context that is being shown. So,
if you want to use it in a clinical setting, maybe, tanong mo 'yong tao kung
paano niya binago 'yong dream niya. Paano niya binabago 'yong dream
niya kasi it’s continuously happening. Kunyari 'yong isang tao, every day,
kunyari nagte - therapy ka with him tapos every time na nagmi - meet kayo
parang kinukwento niya sayo na nama - manipulate ko 'yong dream ko,

nagagawa ko na magustuhan ng crush ko sa dream ko mga ganoon no. So,
bakit? Ano 'yong motive mo? So, bilang ikaw na isang therapist clinician,
it’s up to you now to parang decide anong ibig sabihin noong pag - gamit
niya, pag change niya, pag - alter niya ng dream niya. So, there are still
motives behind that. Just that what I think. '‘yan. 'Yon lang.”
“In nightmares naman, mokocontrol nila ‘yong nightmare nila, ah, that's
one thing na ano ‘no it’s a case to case basis and there are some people na,
ah, they are having nightmares as a legit disorder. Meron talaga silang
sleep disorder nagkakaroon sila ng nightmares and for those people,
usually, their nightmares consist of things that they have experience from
the past, meaning things na very traumatic for them. They have to conceal it
in their conscious mind lumalabas sila sa dreams nila. Say for example,
rape victim can they control it? Maybe, they can through lucid dreaming.
Will they control it? We don't know. Kasi nasa tao 'yon. Nasa sa kaniya. It’s
like rewriting something na alam mo ng 'yong mangyayari. So, I don't think
na every person can do that. Siguro din may mga tao talaga, usually, 'yong
mga person na naglu - lucid dream na meron din siguro silang control
talaga over what they think as oppose to those people na meron talagang
problems mentally na hindi sila ganoon ka mas, ah, maluwag in terms of
how they handle stuff. So, 'yon 'yong ano ko opinion ko doon. May mga tao
na magna - nightmare na hindi naman traumatic talaga 'yong kanilang,
uhm, experience? Meron. Meron naman. But for those people nga again,
usually, people who continuously experiencing nightmares as a disorder it’s
usually kaakibat ng isang, ah, something traumatic ‘no pag walang

something traumatic it’s something unconscious. I doubt it. If that person
can control it. Siguro, ah, kasi when we speak of nightmares iba - iba kasi
'‘yan, eh, per person. Nagbabasa ba kayo ng ano Harry Potter? Yes. Uhm,
ano kasi 'yong tawag doon sa ano? 'Yong Boggart. The Boggart is like your
dream ‘no. It can show you something na ikaw lang 'yong makakaintindi.
Pwedeng ako 'yong Boggart ko, kunyari sa dream ko ‘no, 'yong dream ko
maglalabas 'yong Boggart ng isang tao tas 'yong taong 'yon nage - elicit na
siya ng sobrang fear sa akin na I consider it a nightmare. Pwede sa ibang
tao 'yong dream niya is may ahas, ‘yan na 'yong nightmare sa kaniya. So,
we all have different opinions on what a nightmare is. So that's another
thing to consider.”
P4 A: “Pwede siyang isama sa diagnosis, 'di ba. Sa pagda - diagnose pero kasi
usually. hindi siya sinasama, more on behavior. Ano 'yong behavior ng
isang tao? Ano 'yong activities niya? So pwede siyang i - utilize kasi as I've
said sakin nagiging positive pag positive usually. kasi wala naman akong
negative dreams. 'Yong mga dreams ko usually, positive so dahil positive,
positive din 'yong paggising mo. Parang, ay ba't ganoon? Ano kayang
magandang gawin? So, parang nagde - daydream pa rin tas bini-visualize
mo rin 'yong kung anong pwedeng gawin in the future. Pero ito hindi pa
talaga siya masyado in-i-study and it’s a good start ‘no. Pero malawak kasi
ang clinical setting ng mental health ‘no. Pero 'yong lucid dream dito pwede
mo siyang i-associate sa mga past or present experiences ng tao. So, for me,
pwede siyang i - utilize. 'Yon lang, siguro, kailangan pa ng mga further
studies. 'Yon. Satisfy na ba kayo? May tanong pa ba kayo? Follow up

questions? More on own experience na lang 'yong in - ano ko kasi 'yong sa
dreams kasi pag tinuturo ko 'yan sa psychology nagpo-focus ako sa
functions ng brain. You can actually ano, uhm, check articles online about
lucid dreams pero lilitaw lang talaga diyan is control, memory of the events.
Kasi 'yong mere fact na alam ng isang tao 'yong napapanaginipan niya
parang evidence mo na 'yon eh.”

P5 A: “I don't have any experience with it ‘no and I don't know if you have
specific concept of lucid dreaming no cause, the way I understand this, you
were just talking about dreams that tend to remember when you wake up.
But if there's another concept that you're considering I don't know. I might
have been misunderstood 'yong concept. But what you might be referring to
if you want to explore the meaning of your dream during session. I think, it
may help in the sense that you may explore of how you're feeling. How the
dreams made you feel 'yon and try to relate it with current stressful
situations the patient might be more open discussing what they're going
through because they’re worried that it’s extending into sleeping state nila.
It's a dream that you remember. It's how I understand it no. Kasi wala
naman kaming [neurologists] clinical concept talaga ng lucid dreaming. So,
I'm not sure if you're referring to another concept all together. Pero as a
neurologist, it’s not in our literature.”
The last question will reveal the participants’ standpoint with regards to the utilization of
lucid dreaming in clinical setting. Responses and perspective from the participants will hold a
huge part for the researchers that enables them to determine whether the professionals accept and
validate the idea of employing lucid dreaming in clinical setting.

P1: “It could work. However, kailangan talaga ‘yong practitioner na gagawa ng
approach na ‘to is very intensive ‘yong knowledge”
P1: “So, ganon din ‘to. But I think kapag na utilize siya ng maayos, kapag alam
niya kung anong ginagawa niya, marami syang natutulungang mental health concerns even
PTSD. Pwede kasi, it operates on the subconscious level ganoon ‘yon.”
P1 agreed on employing lucid dreaming in clinical setting. In consideration of the
foregoing, the person who will execute this act must be knowledgeable to be able to conduct this
type of therapy. Mental health professionals must recognize the boundaries of their specific skills
and their expertise. Retaining awareness of relevant scientific and professional information
related to the services they are taking (APA, 1992) It was also stated by the participant that it
would benefit a lot if lucid dreaming will be utilized properly.
P2: “Hm, naniniwala naman ako na kung magkakaroon ng further training sa
mga professionals magiging possible ito. As seen, it appears that lucid dreaming needs further
researches to attest its effectivity in treatment of mental health problems.”
P2: “If further researches show lucid dreaming’s effectivity, I do believe that
further training must be done by professionals before implementing it. As with other therapeutic
techniques, when not used properly, it could do more harm than good.”
The second participant, the one who was coded P2, stated that lucid dreaming could be
applied in clinical setting but professionals must be train initially and thoroughly and lucid
dreaming itself has proven its effectivity through further researches. Specially, current trend
therapies, psychotherapy and counseling, based its reliability in evidences that were done
through researches. Psychotherapy is a way to help people with a wide variety of mental
disorders and emotional difficulties. It can help eradicate or control troubling symptoms to

enhance a person’s ability to function and can increase well-being and healing. (APA, 1992)
Furthermore, P2 also enunciated that using this type of therapy can be harmful especially if not
properly performed. Therapies can do more harm than good if they are executed poorly and if
performed by therapist who does not possess enough knowledge about the therapy (Boseley,
2014)
P3: “So, if you want to use it in a clinical setting, maybe, tanong mo 'yong tao
kung paano niya binago 'yong dream niya. […] . Kunyari 'yong isang tao, every day,
kunyari nagte - therapy ka with him tapos every time na nagmi - meet kayo parang
kinukwento niya sayo na nama - manipulate ko 'yong dream ko, nagagawa ko na
magustuhan ng crush ko sa dream ko mga ganoon no. So, bakit? Ano 'yong motive mo?
So, bilang ikaw na isang therapist clinician, it’s up to you now to parang decide anong
ibig sabihin noong pag - gamit niya, pag change niya, pag - alter niya ng dream niya.
So, there are still motives behind that.”
P3: “In nightmares naman, mokocontrol nila ‘yong nightmare nila, ah, that's one
thing na ano ‘no it’s a case to case basis and there are some people na, ah, they are
having nightmares as a legit disorder. Meron talaga silang sleep disorder nagkakaroon
sila ng nightmares and for those people, usually, their nightmares consist of things that
they have experience from the past, meaning things na very traumatic for them. They
have to conceal it in their conscious mind lumalabas sila sa dreams nila. Say for
example, rape victim can they control it? Maybe, they can through lucid dreaming. Will
they control it? We don't know.”
P3 did not bluntly accept nor disregard the idea of utilizing of lucid dreaming in clinical
setting. The participant suggested that the one who will perform this kind of therapy can know

what are the motives or reason of the patient in influencing one’s dream once it was described by
the dreamer. Freud (1917) argued that by making their subconscious feelings and desires
conscious, people could be healed, thereby gaining insight.
In regard to nightmare, P3 stated that the decision of changing one’s dream depends on a
person or it is a case to case basis. As a reason to latter statement, some nightmares are a product
of a traumatic experience (Allen, 1995).
P4: “Pero malawak kasi ang clinical setting ng mental health ‘no. Pero 'yong
lucid dream dito pwede mo siyang i-associate sa mga past or present experiences ng tao. So, for
me, pwede siyang i - utilize. 'Yon lang, siguro, kailangan pa ng mga further studies.”
The fourth participant or P4 showed agreement that lucid dreaming can somehow be
included in diagnosing; however, focuses on the behavior of the patient. Also, lucid dream can
be a tool to associate the past or present happening on one’s life. Nonetheless, it needed further
studies to be able to performed the lucid dreaming in clinical setting.
P5: “…the way I understand this, you were just talking about dreams that tend to
remember when you wake up.”
P5: “But what you might be referring to if you want to explore the meaning of
your dream during session. I think, it may help in the sense that you may explore of how
you're feeling.”
P5, however, honestly stated that controlling one’s dream as a concept of lucid dreaming
is not in the literature of neurology. For P5, lucid dreaming is merely remembering one’s dream
in waking life. That being said, P5’s definition of lucid dreaming can be used on clinical setting
as tool to explore the inner self of the dreamer.

Synthesis of Interpretation
The interview abled to determine that most of the professional accepts lucid dreaming in
clinical setting. However, the practitioner must be highly skilled and competent enough. Personal
complication can be alleviated under therapeutic uses. According to researchers, lucid dreaming
could be employed and helps the patient to overcome nightmares; To better understand
consciousness and its disturbance; To support rehabilitation of motor disorders (S. Mota-Rolim
& J. Araujo 2013) The findings showed that ample data enables lucid dreaming to be used in
clinical setting.
Although, there are existing literatures about lucid dreaming, participants own concepts
of lucid dreaming is crucial to know whether they accept the existing concept or not. The
question number centers on the perception of participants toward lucid dreaming. Based on the
interview on table one (1), four (4) out of five (5) participants, namely: P1, P2, P3 and P4's
concepts consensed. Lucid dreaming is the ability of a dreamer to influence the content of his
dream was the concorded concept of the four participants. La Berge (1990) presented the
possibility of a dreamer to manipulate his own dream. Also, the said four participants expressed
lucid dreaming as the awareness of a dreamer to his own dream. However, P3 clearly expressed
that it was not the participant's own concept rather from existing literatures. For P5, the lucid
dreaming concept is basically the dreamer's ability to remember his own dream. P5 clarified that
the ability to control one's dream was not tackled in the area of neurology. The findings
displayed that lucid dreaming preexisting literatures contributed on the own concepts of the
participants. Majority accepted the formal definition of lucid dream; however, one participant
disagreed with the idea of controlling one’s dream.

Under the first question, question 1.1 asked the participants on how the lucid dreaming
occurs. Interview showed that both P2, P4, and P5 agreed that lucid dreaming occurs during
REM stage of sleep yet, still acknowledged the possibility of lucid dreaming happening on
NREM stage of sleep. In the context of a weakened sensorimotor attachment to the external
environment, dream consciousness comes during REM sleep (Windt, 2018). However, one
participant, P2, stated that lucid dreaming occurs during the transition of wakeful state or NREM
from REM of the deep stage of sleep. Additionally, ability to lucid dream might be lost as a
person matures as P2 stated. There are self-reports that said that other people experience it as
early 6 years old (LaBerge, 1980) while to it is reported to frequently originate at about 12 to 14
years of age. It is also reported that others start to lose it in adulthood (Voss et al., 2012).
Because of the reports of starting to experience it during adolescence, Kahan and LaBerge
(1994) associate it with the metacognition, which is having awareness of one’s awareness.
According to Piaget’s formal operation stage (starts at age 12), it is during this stage that one’s
metacognition (Fox & Riconscente, 2008). One part of the brain that continuously develop until
early adulthood is the dorsal frontal cortex (Sowell, Thompson, Holmes, Jernigan, & Toga,
2001) and this part of the brain has been linked to lucid dreaming (Stumbrys, Erlacher, &
Schredl, 2013). On the other hand, P1 pointed out that there are some dreamers who perform
lucid dreaming purposely through certain steps but some execute the said topic unconsciously.
The new research at Adelaide University has found a particular combination of techniques that
will increase people's chances of experiencing lucid dreaming: DILDs and WILDs which was
clearly explained on previous chapters.
Still underneath the first question, question 1.2 aims to know the evidences of lucid
dreaming. Mutually, it was stated by P1 and P2 lucid dreaming happens when a person is
experiencing REM stage of sleep or rapid eye movement but admitted the possibility of

happening during nREM stage. P1 said that the first evidence that can be noticed is the person’s
two eyes, closed but moving. However, P3 uttered that assessing a lucid dreamer might be
difficult unless the dreamer itself testified the content of his dream. Meanwhile, P4 stated that the
evidences might be done through case study. A person might be asked if he remembered,
memorized, or control his dream. The development also of frontal lobe or where one’s emotion
base can affect the ability to control of one’s dream. Lack of patient was the reason of P5 for
being unable to state evidences; however, considered the feeling which was experienced during
the sudden awakening while in the REM stage of sleep might cross over in completely wakeful
state
Still in consideration of the first question, it was asked to the participants the experience
of a person having lucid dream in terms of cognitive, affective, ang physiological. For cognitive,
it was concluded that there were different parts and chemicals of the brain involved when an
individual experienced lucid dreaming as stated by the majority. P1 described that a person
experiencing a lucid dream used more active brain energy. According to Trafton (2017),
throughout the dream, a whole brain was active starting from the brain stem all the way to the
cortex. P2 said strong imagination or fast production of mental images was possessed by lucid
dreamers which enables them to lucid dream. Awareness of dream being registered in memory
was the idea that was considered by P3. In order to produced long-term memories, hippocampus
was crucial (Trafton 2017). P4 suggested that one must acknowledged the specific parts of
frontotempotal lobes: cortexes. The scientists concluded that memories were accumulated in the
neocortex, the part of the brain liable for cognitive functions (Trafton2017). P5 stated the
impossibility of controlling one’s dream since lucid dreaming is plainly being able to remember
one’s dream in neurology. According to what was stated, lucid dreaming is the ability to
remember one’s dream, memory circuits and brain parts specifically temporal lobe were

considered as an explanation which assist one person to remember his dream. In terms of
affective factor, P1 claimed that affective was related to the emotions or feelings of an individual
in their dream which being reflected in waking life. P2 and P3 gave emphasis on nightmares in
which a frightening dream that triggers a person to control one’s dream. Nightmare experienced
affects the feeling of a person on waking life. P4, on the other hand, connected the affective to
physical aspect for the emotion, particularly intense sensation, felt during dreaming state might
reflect on changes in physical attributes (e.g. fast heartbeats and difficulty in breathing). P5
explained that memories are not plainly the concept of recalling an experience, it always comes
with strong effect of emotion afflicted to a person. For physiological, most of the participants
associated the physiological factor to the workings of the brain. It exhausts itself to be able to
control the function of the body, to understand and interact with the world (Gilbert, 2018).
Neurotransmitters are being released and the brain becomes more active as P3 mentioned. Some
instances considered rapid eye-movements, sweating, and quicker heartbeats also a sign. P5
connected it to the memory of the lucid dreamer while P4 personally took the dream on a
positive note which result to positive physiological impact. Therefore, lucid dreaming does not
simply affect one physically, but he or she shows a physical action that will signify that a person
is being lucid. Lucidity always comes before a REM burst (Hearne, 1975).
The second question aims to know the opinion of participants in the association of lucid
dreaming with mental health issues. As stated by most of the participants, nightmares, anxiety,
and sleep disorders are the top reasons why lucid dreaming can be associated with the mental
health of a person. P1 considered the possibility of lucid dream utilizing as therapy for phobia
and nightmares. One can imagine the thing that triggers his phobia in dream and choice his
strategy to fight it (e.g. superpowers). P2 said about Lucid Dreaming Treatment (LDT) being
used as a therapeutic tool. Some studies show that doing so decreased the levels of nightmare

frequency (Spoormaker & van den Bout, 2006). It can possibly improve the health of a person
mentally (LaBerge, 1985). For instance, Doll, Gitter, and Holzinger’s (2009) study showed that
those who frequently lucid dream have better mental health as opposed to those who do not. On
the other hand, P3 concluded that there might be an imbalance in the brain. P4 believed lucid
dreaming is not a mental problem until it triggered anxiety to an individual. P5 associate the kind
of dream a person might have into his current wakeful situation. A person with anxiety,
according to P5, might possess fearful dream as a reflection of his present feeling in wakeful
state.
The third and last question was asked to determine the opinions of participants regarding
the utilization of lucid dreaming in clinical settings. The interview abled to determine that
majority of the professional accepts lucid dreaming in clinical setting. Considering the possibility
of utilizing of lucid dreaming in clinical setting, P1, P2, P4 agreed that further studies must be
conducted; personal complication can be alleviated under therapeutic uses. Both P1 and P2
expressed that practitioner must be highly skilled and competent enough. According to
researchers, lucid dreaming could be employed and helps the patient to overcome nightmares; To
better understand consciousness and its disturbance; To support rehabilitation of motor disorders
(S. Mota-Rolim & J. Araujo 2013). Meanwhile, P3 considered lucid dreaming possessed a
possibility to be used as therapy to reveal the subconscious of one person. Practitioner who will
execute the therapy might use lucid dreaming to reveal the motive of the dreamer for influencing
one’s dream. In terms of nightmares, for P3, it depends on the person if he, with might, will used
the said topic to change the past experience that keeps on haunting him on his dream. Additional
studies are what The fourth participant or P4 accepted that lucid dreaming can be included in the
treatment in some way; however, it focuses on the patient's behaviour. Lucid dream can also be a
way to link one's life with the past or present. Lastly, P5 clearly stated that controlling one’s

dream is not in the literature of neurologist. As what was mentioned above, lucid dreaming is
simple the remembrance of one’s dream. Since one can remember his dream, it can be useful in
exploring one’s inner feeling.
Emerging Framework

FIGURE 2. Emerging Framework
The figure two exhibits the emerging framework of study or the illustration which
displays a brief summary of the findings of this study. Although, minority depicts disagreement,
the interview proves the participants possess an awareness about lucid dreaming. Mostly,
participants based their uttered perspectives and opinions on existing literatures and studies; a
reason why the researchers used the icon bulb and book. Majority of the participants stated that

lucid dreaming occurs during the REM, rapid eyes movement, yet considered the possibility of it
happening during nREM. Even though, one (1) of five (5) participants personally disagreed with
lucid dreaming itself, the said participant was still able to discuss that according to what is
written in literature, lucid dreaming is the ability to influence the content of dream and hold
consciousness while in dreaming state which was agreed by three (3) participants. On the other
hand, one (1) of five (5) mental health and neurology related professionals contradicted with the
idea of controlling and being aware while in a dreaming state, instead explained that in
neurology, lucid dreaming is merely remembering one’s dream.
All the five (5) participants accepted the possibility of utilizing lucid dreaming in clinical
setting, specifically as a therapy. In consideration of the forgoing, further researches about the
discussed topic is needed to fully accept its reliability for it currently lacks of studies.

CHAPTER 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION. AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter consists the summary of the study, conclusion driven from the findings that
was gathered by the researcher and recommendation of researchers for the betterment of the
future researches inclined with the topic of lucid dreaming.
Summary
The researchers coordinated with each other to pursue the subject matter in order to study
the standpoints of selected professionals and impart the conclusion gained from analyzing and
comparing the collected data. This research centers on acquiring the best of the knowledge of the
participants with respect to their opinions and professional input to supply the public of the
plausibility or invalidity of lucid dreaming and its uses. Studies, books, journals and other
academic materials have already provided evidences that lucid dreaming is not just a
“phenomenon”, but some people prefer the insight of a professional close to the topic at hand.
Focusing on the first angle, it might become possible for a lucid dreamer to further apprehend the
rare experience he or she is having. Next is giving an opportunity for the researchers themselves
and the public to be more conscious of the existence of lucid dreaming.
In proper gathering of professional perceptions of a psychometrician, registered
psychologist, psychology professors, and neurologist around Pampanga: Guagua, Bacolor, and
Angeles, the researchers provided inquiries, which were all answered in the form of an interview,
that revolved around knowing how the participants conceptualize lucid dreaming, the ways of its

occurrence, evidences that a person is lucid, and the experiences in terms of cognitive, affective,
and physiological factors.
The researchers also included how these professionals associate lucid dreaming with
mental health issues and their thoughts about it being utilized in a clinical setting. With the use of
thematic analysis as the methodology, the researchers were able to finalize the study and produce
an output.
Conclusion
After working through this study, the researchers have come to a personal understanding
that this research helped them comprehend the topic further. Regarding the topic itself, the
researchers concluded that based on the answers of the professionals, lucid dreaming is only
possible when the person is already in dreaming state. Inside that dream, one will realize that he
or she is actually walking inside his or her dream.
Generally, the researchers highlighted the importance of having a separate journal in
accordance with the opinions of the professionals regarding lucid dreaming. The information
from past researches together with the data gathered in this research will give an emphasis to the
validity or invalidity of lucid dreaming from the view of the mental health professionals. The
findings from former studies and literatures provided a big impact to the professionals to create
their own concept related to the topic.
Some notions stated that when a person became aware and is able to control the dream,
he or she becomes lucid while other professionals simply described it as remembering his or her

dream. Although some professionals are familiar with the gist of lucid dreaming, they still
admitted they do not accept its idea.
The results of the interview revealed the right amount of knowledge of the participants
since they were able to supply evidences that a person experiences lucid dreaming. They were
also able to enumerate the experience of a lucid dreamer cognitively, affectively, and
physiologically based on the knowledge they gained while studying and being in their field of
expertise. Many of the professionals associated lucid dreaming with using it as a therapeutic tool
for curing phobias and nightmares while some claimed it has something to do with anxiety only
if the person felt excessively anxious about lucid dreaming or other factors. There are
professionals who included it with the imbalance of neurotransmitters from the brain. Some of
the participants said lucid dreaming can aid a patient, with studies showing that those who lucid
dream has better mental health than those who do not. Moreover, it is possible for lucid dreaming
to be utilized in a clinical setting but the professionals who will conduct this tool must have
intensive knowledge, proper training about the techniques and lucid dreaming itself. It is
revealed that more studies must be managed in order for it to be fully accepted by the majority.
Furthermore, it is taken into consideration that it still depends on the person if he or she will use
lucid dreaming for his or her own betterment. Lastly, according to professionals who believe that
simply being able to remember the dream is lucid dreaming itself, it is only possible to explore
the meaning of the dream by “dream exploration”.

Recommendation
Most of the participants stated lucid dreaming lack studies and journals dedicated to it,
therefore, it is in suggestion of the researchers for the future researchers to conduct further study
for it to be accepted by the majority especially in the clinical setting.
If given an opportunity where this topic will be more developed and explored, future
researchers should include scientific studies for these will serve as strong evidence that mostly
professionals required in order for a certain research to be accepted.
For society, mental health related professionals, and future researchers who are planning
to do a study about dreams, cultures, races, beliefs, and religions must also be taken into account
for they might affect the dreams one can experience.
In relation to performing lucid dreaming in the clinical field, thorough furtherance of
education and all-out training is needed. Deeper understanding and patience are a definitely a
must in order to get a result that can contribute to the betterment of the society

References
Allen (1995) Trauma Response & Function of Nightmares. Retrieved from
https://www.hptinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Trauma-Respons-Function-of-
Nightmares.pdf/
Annie, F. (2017, May 28) What You Dream About Based On Your Zodiac. Retrieved from
https://www.thetalko.com/what-you-dream-about-based-on-your-zodiac/
Barbe, C. (n.d) Ancient Theories about Dreams. Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu/3100958/Ancient_Theories_about_Dreams
Bhat A. (n.d.) Open Ended Questions: Definition, Characteristics, Examples, and Advantages.
Retrieved from www.questionpro.com
Boag, S. (2017, January 6) On Dreams and Motivation: Comparison of Freud’s and Hobson’s
Views. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5216045/
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (n.d.) Thematic analysis: A Reflexive Approach. Retrieved from
www.psych.auckland.ac.nz
Erlacher, D. Schredl, M. & Stumbrys, T. (2011, January) Frequency of Lucid Dreams and Lucid
Dream Practice in German Athletes. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230727513_Frequency_of_Lucid_Dreams_and_
Lucid_Dream_Practice_in_German_Athletes
Fact Hacker. (n.d.) The 8 Different Types of Dreams. Retrieved from
https://facthacker.com/different-types-of-dreams/
Forster, A. (1921) Studies in Dream.
Freud, S. (1900) The Interpretation of Dreams.

Gholipour, B. (2018, June 1) Why Can't We Remember Our Dreams? Retrieved from
https://www.realclearscience.com/articles/2018/06/01/why_cant_we_remember_our_drea
ms_110660.html
Hamilton, C. (2004, May 1) Psychic Dreaming.
International astronomical Union. (n.d.) The constellations. Retrieved from
https://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/
Cherry, K. (2019) Understanding the Unconscious. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-unconscious-2796004
Lucid Dream Society. (n.d.) All you need to know in Lucid Dreaming. Retrieved from
https://www.luciddreamsociety.com/lucid-dreaming/
McLeod, S. (2019) Case Study Method. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/case-
study.html
NHS. (2009, June 10) Sleep Paralysis. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sleep-
paralysis/
Philippine Myths on Dreams (2016, March 30) Retrieved from
https://www.philippinesinsider.com/myths-folklore-superstition/philippine-myths-on-
dreams/
R. Hall & L. A. Harvey (2018, June 01). Qualitative Research Provides Insights into the
Experiences and Perspectives of People with Spinal Cord Injuries and those Involved in
Their Care. Retrieved from www.nature.com/articles/
Bosley, S. (2014, May) Misjudged Counselling and Therapy can be Harmful, Study Reveals.
Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/may/26/misjudged-counselling-
psychological-therapy-harmful-study-reveals

Stages of Sleep and Sleep Cycles. (2018, December 19) Retrieved from
https://www.tuck.com/stages/
Turner, R. (n.d.) A History of Dream Research. Retrieved from https://www.world-of-lucid-
dreaming.com/dream-research.html
Ursula, V. Holzmann, R. Tuin, I. Hobson, J. (20019, September 1) Lucid Dreaming: A State of
Consciousness with Features of Both Waking and Non-Lucid Dreaming. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737577/

APPENDICES
Appendix A. Permit to Conduct a Study
November 12, 2019
Dear Ma’am/Sir:
Greetings of Peace!
The researchers are currently pursuing their thesis titled, “Thematic Analysis on the Perspective of Mental Health
and Neurology Related Professionals in Relation to Lucid Dreaming” which aims to identify the standpoints of
mental health and neurology related professionals in relation to lucid dreaming.
In view thereof, the undersigned would like to request of mental health and neurology related professionals to take
part in the study and share their knowledge through conducting interviews among selected participants. In such
procedure, the researchers can acquire knowledge and information given the competence, expertise, and experiences
of the participants. Rest assured that identity and background of the participants will be treated with utmost
confidentiality in accordance with rules of ethics in research.
Further, may the researchers be informed of the possible time and schedule of the interview at their most convenient
time.
Your benevolence and approval on this request are highly appreciated. Thank you very much!
Sincerely yours,
ABELLA. MARY ROSE R. DAYRIT, KURT ALLEN T.
BACUD, MICAHELLA G. OCAMPO, IRISH MARGARETTE,

B.
DAVID, PATRICK JAMES V.
The Researchers
Noted:
JOHN REINJOE F. NAMIT, LPT

Research Adviser and Research Instructor
Approved:
LOUIE FE S. VILLANUEVA, MAEd

Principal, Senior High School
Conforme:
____________________________________
Participant

Appendix B. Content Validation Letter
November 8, 2019
Dir. Richard N. Briones, MAGC, RGC

Director of Admissions, Guidance and Testing
Center, and Career Services
Sir Briones:
Greetings!
The undersigned are students from 12-Humss A who are presently conducting their research entitled “Thematic
Analysis on the Perspective of Mental Health and Neurology Related professionals in Relation to Lucid Dreaming”
as partial fulfillment in the requirements in Applied 121b Practical Research II.
In connection with this, the undersigned are seeking for your expertise and capability to validate the interview
questions that will be used in the accomplishment of the study.
Any comments and recommendations will be highly appreciated for the improvement of the study.
Attached herewith is the approved title, statement of the problem and proposed interview question for your
reference.
Thank you very much for your kindness and support!
Sincerely yours,

B.
The Researchers
Noted:

Conformed:
DIR. RICHARD N. BRIONES, MAGC, RGC


Appendix B. Content Validation Letter
November 8, 2019
KATRINE JOY B. BONIFACIO, LPT

Faculty, Senior High School
Sir Briones:
Greetings!
The undersigned are students from 12-Humss A who are presently conducting their research entitled “Thematic
Analysis on the Perspective of Mental Health and Neurology Related professionals in Relation to Lucid Dreaming”
as partial fulfillment in the requirements in Applied 121b Practical Research II.
In connection with this, the undersigned are seeking for your expertise and capability to validate the interview
questions that will be used in the accomplishment of the study.
Any comments and recommendations will be highly appreciated for the improvement of the study.
Attached herewith is the approved title, statement of the problem and proposed interview question for your
reference.
Thank you very much for your kindness and support!
Sincerely yours,

B.
The Researchers
Noted:

Conformed:


Appendix C. Content Validation Certification
This is to certify that the research instrument of the study entitled, “Thematic Analysis on the
Perspective of Mental Health and Neurology Related professionals in Relation to Lucid Dreaming” was
content validated. The instrument has been enhanced according to the suggestions and corrections of the following
validator:
DIR. RICHARD N. BRIONES, MAGC, RGC
Instrument Validator

Noted By:


Appendix C. Content Validation Certification
This is to certify that the research instrument of the study entitled, “Thematic Analysis on the
Perspective of Mental Health and Neurology Related professionals in Relation to Lucid Dreaming” was
content validated. The instrument has been enhanced according to the suggestions and corrections of the following
validator:
Instrument Validator

Noted By:


Appendix D. Consent Form to Participate in a Research Study
Research Title: Thematic Analysis on the Perspective of Mental Health and Neurology Related Professionals in
Relation to Lucid Dreaming
Researcher’s Name(s): Mary Rose R. Abella
Micahella G. Bacud
Patrick James V. David
Kurt Allen T. Dayrit
Irish Margarette B. Ocampo
Research Adviser: Mr. Reinjoe F. Namit, LPT
INTRODUCTION
This consent might contain words that you do not understand. Please ask the researchers to explain any
words or information that you do not clearly understand.
You are being asked to participate in a research study. This research is being conducted to know the
perspectives of mental health and neurology related professionals towards lucid dreaming. When you are invited to
participate in research, you have the right to be informed about the study procedures so that you can decide whether
you want to consent to participation. This form may contain words that you do not know. Please ask the researcher
to explain any words or information that you do not understand.
You have the right to know what you will be asked to do so that you can decide whether or not to be in the
study. Your participation is voluntary. You may refuse to be in the study. If you do not want to continue to be in
the study, you may stop at any time without penalty to which you are otherwise entitled.
WHY IS THIS STUDY BEING DONE?

This research is being conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Senior High School -
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand. Also, the purpose of this research is to know the perspectives of
mental health and neurology related professionals towards lucid dreaming.
HOW MANY PEOPLE WILL BE IN THE STUDY?
Five mental health and neurology related professionals will take part in this study. They will be selected
purposively from medical institution and different universities within the province of Pampanga.
WHAT AM I BEING ASKED TO DO?

You will be asked to be interviewed about your perspective toward lucid dreaming. Also, you will be asked
to consent the researchers to audio-record and write down your respective answers.
HOW LONG WILL I BE IN THE STUDY?
This study will take approximately 30 minutes to complete. You can stop participating at any time without
consequence.
CONFIDENTIALITY
Information contained in your records may not be given to anyone unaffiliated with the study in a form that
could identify you without your written consent, except as required by law. In addition, if photographs, audiotapes
or videotapes were taken during the study that could identify you, then you must give permission for their use. In
that case, you will be given the opportunity to view or listen, as applicable, to the photographs, audiotapes or
videotapes before you give your permission for their use if you so request.
WILL I BE COMPENSATED FOR PARTICIPATING IN THE STUDY?

Please understand that you will receive no payment for taking part in this study.
WHAT ARE MY RIGHTS AS A PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You are not force to participate in this study.
You will also be informed of any new information discovered during the course of this study that might
influence your health, welfare, or willingness to be in this study.
WHO DO I CONTACT IF I HAVE QUESTIONS, CONCERNS, OR COMPLAINTS?
Please send your concern and questions about the research at MicahBacud04@yahoo.com. Additionally,
you may ask questions, voice concerns or complaints to the research team.
SIGNATURE
I have read this consent form and my questions have been answered. My signature below means that I do want to be
in the study. I know that I can remove myself from the study at any time without any problems.
SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME Date

Appendix E. Research Interview Questions
1. What is your concept of lucid dreaming?
1.1 How lucid dreaming occurs?
1.2. What are the evidences that a person is having lucid dreams?
1.3. What are the experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of:
1.3.1. Cognitive
1.3.2. Affective
1.3.3. Physiological
2. How can lucid dreaming be associated with mental health issues?
3. What is your opinion regarding the utilization of lucid dreaming in clinical settings?

Lucid Dream 4.0. Feb 02 2020

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lucid Dream 4.0. Feb 02 2020

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

THE PERSPECTIVES OF MENTAL HEALTH RELATED PROFESSIONALS IN RELATION TO LUCID DREAMING: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS

The Perspectives of Mental Health Related Professionals in Relation to Lucid Dreaming:

Abella, Mary Rose

David, Patrick James

Dayrit, Kurt Allen

Ocampo, Irish Margarette

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand

Don Honorio Ventura State University

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 1

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 2

help in finishing the research.

for allocating enough data to contribute on researchers’ limited knowledge.

researchers in conducting interview to the professionals inside the said facilities.

right next to the proponents' side until reaching success.

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 3

and invigorated them, particularly:

Mr. Arnold C. Abella and Mrs. Ma. Sylvia B. Rosales;

Mr. Nestor C. Bacud and Mrs. Emelyn G. Bacud;

Mrs. Jenneth Valdez David;

Mr. Santos R. Dayrit and Mrs. Terelyn T. Dayrit;

Mrs. Melanie Bayani Ocampo.

and wisdom who made this possible, thank You.

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 4

subject matter is to study the standpoints of professionals regarding the importance or

analyzing and comparing the collected data.

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 5

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND.........................................................1

Statement of the Problem.....................................................................................................20

Significance of the Study.....................................................................................................21

Scope and Delimitation........................................................................................................22

CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..........................................................................25

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 6

CHAPTER III: FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS.............................................................................31

Concept of Lucid Dreaming................................................................................................33

Occurrence of lucid dreaming...................................................................................36

Evidences of a person having a lucid dreaming........................................................40

Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of cognitive.........................45

Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of affective..........................50

Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of physiological...................55

Association of Lucid Dreaming with Mental Health Issues................................................59

Opinions Regarding the Utilization of Lucid Dreaming in Clinical Settings......................64

CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION.............................79

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 7

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 8

Table 1.1. Concept of Lucid Dreaming.........................................................................................33

Table 1.1. Occurrence of lucid dreaming............................................................................36

Table 1.2. Evidences of a person having a lucid dreaming................................................40

Table 1.3.1. Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of cognitive...............45

Table 1.3.2. Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of affective................50

Table 1.3.3. Experiences of a person having lucid dreams in terms of physiological.........55

Table 2. Association of Lucid Dreaming with Mental Health Issues............................................59

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework..................................................................................................21

Figure 2: Emerging Framework.....................................................................................................77

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 9

Appendix A. Permit to Conduct a Study.......................................................................................86

Appendix B. Content Validation Letter.........................................................................................87

Appendix B. Content Validation Letter.........................................................................................88

Appendix C. Content Validation Certification..............................................................................89

Appendix C. Content Validation Certification..............................................................................90

Appendix D. Consent Form to Participate in a Research Study....................................................91

Appendix E. Research Interview Questions..................................................................................93

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY 10