IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 65, NO.

8, AUGUST 2017 4259

Communication
A Dual-Polarized Dual-Band Antenna With Omni-Directional Radiation Patterns
Yi Liu, Xi Li, Lin Yang, and Ying Liu

Abstract— A new dual-polarized dual-band (DPDB) omni-directional element is composed of an electric dipole and a zero-phase shift
antenna is presented in this communication. The proposed antenna line loop, so such a configuration makes the antenna element be
consists of a circular patch with eight open slots, eight shorted metal pins,
easily implemented in the antenna array for high gain. In [4]–[6],
and a central feed coaxial probe. By utilizing TM01 mode, eight shorted
metal pins, and open slots can radiate θ - and ϕ-components, respectively. the dielectric resonator omni-directional CP antennas are proposed,
Omni-directional circular polarization can be generated over the lower where the dielectric resonator provides vertical polarization while
band. When the basic TM02 mode is excited, omni-directional linear other structures such as the parasitic strips or the top loaded Alford
polarization can be generated over the higher band. Omni-directional loop provide horizontal polarization.
circularly polarized fields and omni-directional linearly polarized fields
can be achieved at both resonant frequencies. The circular patch antenna Besides, the work on dual-band omni-directional antennas was
is printed on a substrate with a radius of 48 mm (0.24 λ0 , where proposed in [7]–[10]. In [7], the omni-directional patterns of both
λ0 is the wavelength in free space). The antenna has a low profile vertical and horizontal polarizations in the azimuthal plane were
of 4 mm (0.02 λ0 ). The antenna is fabricated and measured; the achieved by positioning two orthogonal slots cut into the walls of
measured results show that the impedance bandwidths for VSWR <2
are 18 MHz (1566—1584 MHz) and 32 MHz (2440—2472 MHz). The
a slender columnar cuboid. The dual-polarization stacked aperture-
axial ratio in the xoy plane is less than 3 dB over the lower band. These coupled patch antenna used in the base station array was presented
measured results are congruent with the simulated data. The antenna can in [8], and the main innovation of this antenna was the design of
be a good candidate for both GPS and WLAN applications. Besides, the the shaped narrow central part to obtain high coupling between the
S-parameters, radiation patterns, and some key structures are studied. feed lines and the patches. Reference [9] used a reshaped monopole
Index Terms— Circular polarization, dual-polarized antennas, for vertical polarization and a circular current loop for horizontal
omni-directional antennas.
polarization, while [10] used a modified printed dipole for horizontal
I. I NTRODUCTION polarization and a monopole for vertical polarization; both of them
are used in communication systems.
Antennas with wideband/multiband characteristics for various stan-
Based on the TM01 mode and the TM02 mode of the patch,
dards and protocols are necessary. Different communication stan-
CP conical-beam antenna [11], omni-directional CP antenna [12], and
dards need different polarized antennas, so dual-polarized dual-band
omni-directional linearly polarized antenna [13] have been proposed.
(DPDB) antennas are of great use. Omni-directional radiation in
The principle to excite TM01 and TM02 modes adds the shorted
the horizontal plane is also required for antennas used in wireless
pins to the circular patch. Most of these antennas have the property
communications so that the wireless access can be realized anywhere.
of a low profile. Moreover, it is meaningful that one single antenna
Moreover, a multiband miniaturized omni-directional antenna can
not only generates omni-directional CP radiation but also generates
work at multiple bands where one single antenna operates at different
omni-directional linearly polarized radiation at both working bands.
bands simultaneously. The omni-directional DPDB antennas can
Relatively few types of this antenna have been reported.
significantly improve the antenna system.
In this communication, a low-profile DPDB antenna with omni-
It is noted that omni-directional circularly polarized (CP)
directional property is proposed. The antenna consists of eight shorted
antennas have attracted much attention due to their omni-
metal pins, a top patch, and a bottom patch with eight open slots. The
directional radiation patterns and CP characteristics. Several
basic TM02 mode of the patch antenna can be excited to generate
kinds of omni-directional CP antennas have been proposed in
linearly polarized waves over the higher band, while the TM01 mode
recent years [1]–[6]. In [1], an omni-directional CP antenna
of the patch antenna can be excited to generate CP waves over
based on the zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) mode of the epsilon
the lower band. Both of the patterns are omni-directional. In the
negative transmission line is proposed and the horizontal
higher band, the linearly polarized radiation is formed by the central
polarization is obtained by the curved branches, while the
patch which is kept apart by the cut loop on top plane. In the lower
ZOR transmission line generates the phase difference of 90°.
band, with the vertical polarization provided by the shorted pins and
In [2], an omni-directional CP antenna is realized by two printed
horizontal polarization provided by the asymmetrically placed slots
substrates. A metal sleeve acts as a monopole and printed spoke-like
on the top and bottom planes, CP radiation is formed in far fields.
metal strips which are fabricated on two substrates act as a loop.
The proposed antenna achieves the impedance bandwidths of 18 MHz
An omni-directional CP array is proposed in [3], where the CP
(1566—1584 MHz) and 32 MHz (2440—2472 MHz). The antenna
Manuscript received August 26, 2016; revised February 6, 2017; accepted has a low profile of 4 mm (0.02 λ0 ). In the following section, the
April 9, 2017. Date of publication May 25, 2017; date of current version design of the antenna is shown, the simulated and measured results
August 2, 2017. This work was supported by the National Natural Science are presented and some key structures of the antenna are studied.
Foundation of China under Grant 61372001. (Corresponding author: Xi Li.)
The authors are with the Science and Technology on Antenna and
Microwave Laboratory; Collaborative Innovation Center of Information
II. A NTENNA D ESIGN
Sensing and Understanding, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China The proposed antenna is printed on a substrate with a relative
(e-mail: xjktly@gmail.com; xli@xidian.edu.cn; lyang@mail.xidian.edu.cn; dielectric constant of 2.2, a height of h, and a radius of R1 . The
liuying@mail.xidian.edu.cn).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this communication are
geometry of the antenna is shown in Fig. 1, where the top and bottom
available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. views are presented. The dotted red lines in Fig. 1 present the slots in
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2017.2708093 the bottom plane. As shown in Fig. 1, the antenna is fed by a coaxial
0018-926X © 2017 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

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 4260 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 65, NO. 8, AUGUST 2017
Fig. 1. Geometry of the proposed antenna. (a) Top view. (b) Bottom view.
TABLE I
D ETAILED D IMENSIONS OF PARAMETERS M ARKED IN F IG . 1
Fig. 2. (a) Current distribution and (b) magnetic fields of the antenna at
1.575 GHz (TM01 mode).
cable at the center. A loop is cut on the top patch with a width
of Wc . The top patch and the bottom patch are both cut with eight
asymmetrical open slots. The slots on the top and bottom planes are
not completely overlapped from the top view, and the bottom slots
can be seen as the top slots rotated by ϕ. All of the slots have the
same length and width of L 1 and W1 . Eight shorted pins are placed
near the slots with a radius of R p . The detailed dimensions of marked
parameters in Fig. 1 are shown in Table I.
The basic principle to generate omni-directional circular polar-
ization in the lower band utilizes a short monopole and a small
current loop. As presented in [2], the far fields of a short monopole
and a small loop which are excited by the same current are omni-
directional CP radiation. In the lower band, on one hand, the eight
shorted pins can excite the TM01 mode of the patch to create
vertical polarization; on the other hand, the open slots cut on the
top and bottom patch that are placed asymmetrically can form a
current loop in the horizontal plane. From the current distribution
at 1.575 GHz in Fig. 2(a), the counterclockwise current appears
on the overlapped conductor formed by the slots on the top and
bottom planes. Horizontal polarized fields (E ϕ ) are dominated by
→
− →
−
the slots. According to the boundary conditions J = − →n × H,
vertical polarized fields (E θ ) are dominated by shorted pins due to
the magnetic fields around the shorted pins in Fig. 2(b). By adjusting
the dimensions, balanced amplitudes between vertical and horizontal
polarization (E θ and E ϕ ) can be achieved. With the inherent 90°
difference in the phase, omni-directional CP is obtained. In this
communication, left-hand CP radiation is achieved. If we replaced
ϕ with −ϕ, right-hand CP radiation would be achieved.
In the higher band, the basic TM02 mode can be generated by
the original central circular patch, so the patch is apart from the
cut loop to make the patchwork as a monopole. Thus, the omni-
directional property is achieved. For the TM02 mode, the current
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Fig. 3. (a) Current distribution and (b) magnetic fields of the antenna at
2.45 GHz (TM02 mode).
Fig. 4. Fabrication of the proposed antenna. (a) Top view. (b) Bottom view.
Fig. 5. Simulated and measured |S11| of the proposed antenna.
mainly concentrates on the center patch. Vertical polarized fields (E θ )
are determined by the center coaxial probe due to the magnetic fields
around the coaxial probe in Fig. 3(b). In order to generate another
resonance frequency, a loop is used here to make the patchwork
in its basic mode while it has little effect on the omni-directional
CP property over the lower band. The use of the loop and eight
shorted pins will be demonstrated in detail in the following sections.
III. S IMULATED AND M EASURED R ESULTS
The proposed antenna is fabricated on PCB and simulated by
HFSS. To confirm its DPDB and omni-directional property, the
antenna is measured. A good agreement between simulated and
measured results is achieved. The prototype of the antenna is shown
in Fig. 4.
The antenna is measured by an Anritsu 37269 A vector net-
work analyzer. Fig. 5 shows the simulated and measured reflection
coefficients. The measured results show the antenna is worked at
1.575 and 2.45 GHz, and the impedance bandwidths are 18 MHz
(1566—1584 MHz) and 32 MHz (2440—2472 MHz), respectively.
The measured results are in a good agreement with the simulated
data.
The antenna is measured in an anechoic chamber. The radiation
patterns in both xoy and yoz planes at 1.575 and 2.45 GHz are shown
in Figs. 6 and 7. In the lower band, the amplitude of the co-polarized
field (LHCP) is at least 20 dB stronger than the corresponding cross-
polarized field (RHCP) in the xoy plane. The radiation pattern is
omni-directional in the xoy plane, while it is symmetrical in the
yoz plane. In the higher band, the linearly polarized property is
presented. From Fig. 6, the amplitude of the co-polarized field
(θ-polarization) is 20 dB stronger than the corresponding cross-
polarized field (ϕ-polarization) in the horizontal plane. The roundness
 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 65, NO. 8, AUGUST 2017
Fig. 6. Simulated and measured radiation pattern at 1.575 GHz in the
(a) xoy plane and (b) yoz plane.
Fig. 7. Simulated and measured radiation pattern at 2.45 GHz in the
(a) xoy plane and (b) yoz plane.
Fig. 8. Simulated and measured ARs in the xoy plane at 1.575 GHz.
of both the measured radiation patterns in the xoy plane is less
than 3 dB. The difference between simulated and measured radiation
patterns is mainly due to the imperfect environment and fabrication.
The simulated and measured ARs in the xoy plane at 1.575 GHz
are presented in Fig. 8. ARs in the xoy plane are both less than
3 dB. The difference between the measurement and simulation is
due to the unstable dielectric constant and imperfect environment.
Moreover, with better fabrication, the measured results can also be
improved.
The measured maximum gains are 0.7 dBi at 1.575 GHz and 1 dBi
at 2.45 GHz. The measured antenna efficiency is 62% at 1.575 GHz
and 90% at 2.45 GHz. Reasonable agreements between measurement
and simulation are obtained.
IV. S TUDY OF THE K EY S TRUCTURES AND S OME PARAMETERS
To deeply understand the proposed antenna, the analysis of the cut
loop, and shorted metal pins are carried out by HFSS. The advantage
of the proposed antenna is also studied in this section.
A. Loop
Fig. 9 shows the simulated reflection coefficients and ARs in the
lower band with and without the loop. In Fig. 9, the antenna has a
dual-band property without the loop because the center patch formed
by the end of the cut slots can still excite the TM01 mode. The
problem is the impedance is not matched well at the working bands.
From Fig. 9 of ARs in the horizontal plane, the omni-directional
circular polarization can be achieved in the lower band. The conclu-
sion that omni-directional circular polarization is generated by the
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4261
Fig. 9. Simulated ARs in the (a) horizontal plane at 1.575 GHz and |S11|
and (b) with and without the loop.
Fig. 10. Simulated ARs in the (a) horizontal plane at 1.575 GHz and |S11|
and (b) with different Wc .
Fig. 11. Simulated ARs in the (a) horizontal plane at 1.575 GHz and |S11|
and (b) with and without the metal pins.
TM02 mode provided by eight shorting pins and the slots cut on
both top and bottom planes can be proved. It can be concluded that
the loop cut on the top plane can adjust the impedance matching
at working bands which has less effects on omni-directional circular
polarization at 1.575 GHz.
In order to understand the use of the loop better, a parametric study
is carried out. Fig. 10 shows the simulated reflection coefficients
and ARs as a function of frequency for different widths of the cut
loop (Wc ). As presented in Fig. 10, the variation of Wc has little
effects on ARs and the input impedance is sensitive to Wc . Thus,
impedance matching can be tuned by Wc . With HFSS software, the
optimal value of Wc (Wc = 1 mm) is obtained.
B. Shorted Metal Pins
From the reflection coefficients of the antenna without the use of
the shorted metal pins, the antenna can resonate at 2.45 GHz. Because
of the existence of the central patch, the antenna can work over the
higher band. The shorted metal pins can excite the TM01 mode of
the patch and the shorted pins and the open slots cut on the top and
bottom planes forming omni-directional CP waves that have been
mentioned in former sections. Once without the shorted pins, the
antenna cannot radiate CP waves over the lower band. As is depicted
in Fig. 11, the ARs are nearly 15 dB without the shorted metal pins
while being less than 3 dB with the shorted metal pins. It can be
concluded from the ARs in the horizontal plane that the shorted metal
pins indeed provide vertical polarization to form circular polarization
over the lower band.
 4262
Fig. 12. Simulated |S11| of (a) different slit numbers and (b) different
positions of the pins.
The position of the metal pins and the number of the slits and
pins are important for the antenna property. With the number of
slits and shorted metal pins increasing, the resonant frequencies of
both TM01 and TM02 modes increase in Fig. 12(a). Because the
shorted metal pins can decrease the capacitance of each sector, the
frequencies therefore increase [14]. Fig. 12(b) shows the simulated
reflection coefficients of different numbers of slits, so the resonant
frequencies for TM01 and TM02 modes will become closer when the
shorted metal pins approach the center point. On the contrary, the
resonant frequency of the TM02 mode decreases and the resonant
frequency of the TM01 mode increases when the shorted metal pins
come away from the center point. The results are the same as the
conclusion proposed in [14].
C. Advantages
Omni-directional CP radiation is achieved at 1.575 GHz, and omni-
directional linearly polarized radiation is achieved at 2.45 GHz. The
half power beamwidth at 1.575 GHz is 100° (from Fig. 6) in the
elevation plane which guarantees wide signal coverage. Moreover, the
measured radiation efficiency of the antenna is 62% at 1.575 GHz
and the antenna can be worked in GPS and WLAN systems as a
portable device.
In previous research [1]–[6], most of the omni-directional
CP antennas focus on how to enhance the bandwidth. Relatively
few work on DPDB antennas with omni-directional CP radiation
and omni-directional linearly polarized radiation. This novel type of
DPDB antenna is more meaningful when applied in portable devices
with both GPS/GNSS and WLAN applications. Besides, the antenna
with a DPDB property proposed in this communication has the same
or even smaller size compared with the antennas proposed in [1]–[6].
It can be a good candidate for portable use or indoor system.
V. C ONCLUSION
In this communication, a novel DPDB antenna with omni-
directional radiation is proposed. The proposed antenna achieves
the impedance bandwidth of 18 MHz (1566—1584 MHz) and 32
MHz (2440—2472 MHz). In the lower band, the shorted metal pins
can excite the TM02 mode of the patch to provide vertical polar-
ization (E θ ) while the eight asymmetrical placed open slots provide
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 65, NO. 8, AUGUST 2017
horizontal polarization (E ϕ ). The omni-directional CP property is
obtained. In the higher band, the central patch can be excited through
the TM01 mode to generate omni-directional linear polarization. A cut
loop is used here to match the impedance of the antenna. In the
horizontal plane, the ARs of the antenna are less than 3 dB at
1.575 GHz and the co-polarization is 15 dB stronger than the cross-
polarization at 1.575 and 2.45 GHz. Both of the radiation patterns
at 1.575 and 2.45 GHz are omni-directional. Maximum gains of the
antenna are 0.7 and 1 dBi at 1.575 and 2.45 GHz, respectively.
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