h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

1
h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

ienE
m%;sM, l,dj
fojk ckrc wdKavql%uh
we;=<;

úOdhlh iy n, flaJøh
uQ,sl whs;sjdislï” wêlrKh iy TïnQâiauka
ue;sjrK l%u
cku;úpdrKh

2
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

úOdhlh iy n, flaJøh
fojk ckrc jHjia:dj f.dvk.k ,oafoa m%xYfha mej;sk wdldrfha f.da,siaÜ wdKavq l%uhls' ta hgf;a
f.dvk.k ,o m%n,;u wdh;h jQfha úOdhl ckdêm;s OQrhhs' ta wkqj ckdêm;sjrhd fj; ish¨ n,;,
talrdYS lr we;s w;r tu n,;, ksoyfia l%shdjg kxjkq msKsi wjYHh lrk jHjia:dkql +, jgmsgdjla o
jHjia:dj uÕska i,id ;snqKs' ta wkqj fuu jHjia:dj hgf;a ckdêm;sjrhdg jHjia:dodhlfha reÑ
wreÑlïj,g ,la fkdù ls%hdlsÍfï yelshdjla jHjia:dj uÕska u ks¾udKh lr we;'
wdKavq l%u jHjia:dfõ 30-1 j.ka;shg wkqj ckdêm;sjrhd rdcHfha m%Odkshdo" úOdhlfha m%Odkshdo"
wdKavqfõ m%Odkshd o" ikakoaO fiajdjkays fiakdê kdhlhd o jka fka h' ta wkqj fuu fCIa;% iïnkaO
úYd, n,hla ckdêm;sjrhdg ysñ fõ'
tfy;a wdKavql%u jHjia:djg lrk,o 19jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh uÕska n,;, ixjrKh lr we;' kuq;a
miqj iïu; lrk,o 20fjks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh uÕska tu ;;ajh fjkia lr we;'

1& rdcHfha kdhlhd jYfhka ysñjk n,;,

rdcHfha kdlhdf.a N+ñldj ckdêm;s wdKavql%uhla hgf;a rdcH kdhlhd i;= ld¾hNdrh úh' fojk
ckrc jHjia:dj hgf;a rdcH kdhlhd f,iska ckdêm;sf.a n,;, fufia idrdxY fldg ±laúh
yelsh'
Y%S ,xld ckrcfha ixfla;d;aul kdhlhd f,i ysñjk n,h fuhg wh;a fõ'
- wka;¾cd;sl iudch ;=< Y%S ,xldj ksfhdackh lsÍu'
- cd;sl W;aij ksfhdackh lsÍu'
- ckdêm;sjrhdg rdcH kdhlhd f,i úúO m;a lsÍï lsÍug n,h jHjia:dfjka ysñ ù we;s w;r
tajd w;r
;dkdm;sjreka" uy flduidßiajreka" rdcH ¥;hka m;alsÍug yd Tjqkag n,;, mejÍug o" Tjqka
ms<s.ekSug o n,h we;'
- kS;s{ jD;a;sfha úYsIaG;ajhg m;aj we;s kS;s{jrhska ckdêm;s kS;s{hska f,i m;a lsÍu'
- úfoaY .súiqïj,g t<öu'
- rdcH uqøj mßyrKh lsÍu'
- jr|lrejkag fldkafoais iudjla §u fyda mQ¾K iudjla §u'
- je|.;a wjia:djkays§ m%ldY yd mKsjqv ksl=;a lsßu" hqoaOh yd iduh m%ldY lsÍu'
- kïnqkdu m%odkh lsÍu
- ckdêm;s úu¾Yk fldñika iNd m;alsÍu'
- mqrjeisNdjh ;SrKh lsrSfï ksfhdað; n,;,
- kvq mjrkq ,eîfuka uqla;sh ,eîu o ckdêm;sjrhd rdcH kdhlhd f,ig ,nd ;snQ úfYaI
jrm%idohls' 19jk iy 20fjks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkfhka th iSud lr we;'

2& úOdhlfha kdhlhd jYfhka ysñjk n,;,

úOdhlfha kdhlhd hkqfjka woyia lrkafka wdKavqfõ m%;sm;a;s fufyhùu iy iïnkaëlrKh
wrNhd iuia; j.lSu orkq ,nk kdhlhd fõ h hkakhs' ^wdh;ksl jYfhka ysñjk n,;, &

1’ rdcH m%;sm;a;s ls%hdjg kexùu'

fï hgf;a ckdêm;sjrhd iy wud;H uKav,h ;SrKh lrk rdcH m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul lsÍfï
n,h we;'

3
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

2’ rdcH fiajdj md,kh lsÍu'

tkï" fomd¾;fïka;=" wud;HdxY md,kh lrñka" wëCIKh lrñka yd fufyhjñka rdcH fiajdj
md,kh lsÍfï n,hla ckdêm;sjrhdg we;'

3’ w.ue;s m;a lsÍu’

tys§ wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ i|yka jkafka md¾,sfïka;=fõ hïlsis uka;S%jrfhl= flfrys
md¾,sfïka;=fõ úYajdih Wmßu muKska we;ehs ckdêm;sjrhdf.a u;h jkafka kï ckdêm;sjrhd
úiska ta uka;%Sjrhd w.%dud;H OQrhg m;a l< hq;af;a h' hkqfjks'

4’ wud;Hh uKav,h m;alsÍu" bj;a lsÍu yd úIh fldgia mjrd §u'

w.%dud;Hjrhdf.a woyia úuiSu wjYH hehs ckdêm;sjrhd i,lk wjia:djkays § w.%dud;Hjrhdf.a
woyia o úuid ckdêm;sjrhd úiska
 wud;Hjrhdka ixLHdj" wud;HdxY ixLHdjo" wud;Hjrekag mjrk ,o úIhka yd ld¾hka ;SrKh
lrkq ,nkafka ckdêm;sjrhd h'

 tfia ksYapH lrkq ,nk wud;HdxY Ndrj lghq;= lsÍu i|yd md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjreka w;ßka
wud;Hjreka m;a lrkq ,nkafka ckdêm;sjrhd h'
ta wkqj fida,anß wdKavq l%uh iy 1972 m%:u ckrc wdKavq l%uh iiok úg ckdêm;sjrhd
leìkÜ uKav,h m;a lsÍfï oS jeä ksoyila N=la;s ú§'

 ckdêm;sjrhdg hï úIhla fyda ld¾hla ;udg mjrhd .ekSu l<yels w;r wud;Hjrfhl=g
mjrkq fkd,enQ hïlsis úIhla fyda ld¾hla Ndrj isáh hq;af;a h' fuys§ ;ud Ndrfha ;sìh hq;=
wud;HdxY ixLHdj o ksYapH lsÍu l< yelafla h'

 ckdêm;sjrhdg ljr fyda wjia:djl § wud;H uKav,h fj; mjrk úIhka ld¾hka fjkia
lsÍu" ixhq;sh fjkia lsÍuo lrkq ,eìh hq;af;a h'

 wud;H uKav,h bj;a lsÍu'

w.%dud;Hrhd fyda wud;H uKav,fha wud;Hjrfhla fyda fjk;a wud;Hjrfhla fyda ksfhdacH
wud;Hjrfhla ckdêm;sjrhdf.a w;aik we;sj hjk ,smshlska bj;a l< yelsh'
^19jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkfhka w.%dud;Hjrhd bj;a lsÍug fkdyels f,i úêúOdk fhdod
;snqK o th 20jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkfhka th kej; n,d;aul lrk ,§'&

wud;H uKav,fha uq¿ idudðl ixLHdj 30 fkdhslau úh hq;= w;r" wud;H uKav,fha
idudcslhska fkdjk iy ksfhdacH wud;Hjre ixLHdj 40 fkdhslauj úhhq;=h' ^cd;sl wdKavqjl
§ th md¾,sfïka;=j úiska ;SrKh lrhs'&

5’ m¾,sfïka;= iNdfõ ks¾foaY u; l<hq;= úOdhl m;a lsßï

- _________________________________________
- _________________________________________
- _________________________________________
- _________________________________________
- ___________________________________________________________________

4
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

6’ md¾,sfïka;= iNdfõ ksÍCIK u; ksYaÑ; fldñika iNdj, iNdm;sjreka

iy idudðlhska m;a lsÍu’
ue;sjrK fldñika iNdj
rdcH fiajd fldñika iNdj
cd;sl fmd,sia fldñika iNdj
Y%S ,xld udkj ysñlï fldñika iNdj
w,a,ia yd ÿIK fpdaokd úu¾IKh lsÍfï fldñika iNdj
uqo,a fldñika iNdj
iSud ks¾Kh fldñika iNdj
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

7’ m,d;aiNd i|yd wdKavqldrjreka m;a lsÍu'

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

3& wdKavqfõ kdhlhd jYfhka ysñjk n,;,

wdKavqfõ kdhlhd hkqfjka woyia lrkafka wdKavqfõ uQ,sl jÕlSu Tyq w; mj;sk njh' fï wkqj
rg wNHka;r jYfhka fukau ndysr jYfka l=uk ÈYdjlg .uka lrkjdo@ hkak ;SrKh lrkqfha
ckdêm;sjrhd h' ^ksfhdað;fhla jYfhka ysñjk n,;, fuhg wh;a fõ'&
fï hgf;a

1’ wud;H uKav,fha uq,iqk oeÍu'

wdKavql%u jHjia:djg wkqj ckdêm;sjrhd wud;H uKav,fha idudðlfhla fuka u m%Odkshd o
jkafka h' wud;H uKav, /iaùïj,§ tys uq,iqk .kq ,nkafka ckdêm;sjrhd h' wud;H uKav,h
.kakd ;SrK md¾,sfïka;=jg bÈßm;a lsÍug fmr ckdêm;sf.a wkque;sh wjYHh fõ' wud;H
uKav,h le|jkq ,nkafka ckdêm;sjrhd h'

2’ rdcH m%;sm;a;s ;SrKh lsÍu'

wdKavqfõ kdhlhd f,i rdcH m%;sm;a;s ;SrKh lsßfï n,h ckdêm;sjrhdg we;'

3' mqrjeisNdjh ;SrKh lsrSfï ksfhdað; n,;,

4& ikakoaO fiajdjkays fiakdê kdhlhd jYfhka ysñjk n,;,
1’ ;s%úO yuqodj md,kh lsÍu'
tkï hqO" .=jka iy kdúl yuqodjk md,kh lsÍfï n,h ckdêm;sjrhd fõ' tfuka u ikakoaO
fiajdjkays fiakdêkdhlhd jkafka o ckdêm;sjrhdhs'

2’ yuqodfú wêldß ks,,;a ks,OdÍka m;alsÍu yd bj;a lsÍu'

ckdêm;sjrhdg by; n,;,j,g wu;rj md¾,sfïka;=j yd wêlrKh iïnkaOj o úYd,
n,hla ysñ ù we;'
5
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

5& md¾,sfïka;=j yd iïnkaO n,;,

1’ md¾,sfñka;=j le|ùu" jdr wjidk lsÍu yd úiqrejd yeÍu'
 _____________________________________________________________________________

 ______________________________________________________________________________

fuys§ md¾,sfïka;=j h,s le|jk Èkh i|yka l< hq;=h' tu Èkh m%ldYh ksl=;a l< Èkfha isg
udi 2la fkdhslau úh hq;=h'

 ckdêm;sjrhdg md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejd yeÍug n,h we;'

fuys§ h,s ue;sjrK meje;aúh hq;= Èkh i|yka l< hq;=h' md¾,s fïka;=j úiqrejd yer udi 3la
fkdblauùug m%:ufhka ue;sjrKh mj;ajd md¾,sfïka;=j /ial< hq;=h'
ckdêm;sjrhdg md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejd yeßug yels jkafka 70 j.ka;sfha we;s iSudjkag
hg;ajh'
- kj md¾,sfïka;=j /iaù jir 2l=;a udi 6la .;jk;=re úiqrejd yeÍug fkdyel'

- uyue;sjrKhlska miq md¾,sfïka;=j /iajk m%:u ieisjdrfha § bÈßm;a lrk rdcH m%;sm;a;s
m%ldYkh mrdchg m;a jQ miq
- ckdêm;sjrhdg úreoaOj fodaIdNsfhda.S fpdaokdjla bÈßm;aj we;s úg
- whjeh f,aLkh m<uqjr mrdchg m;aj we;s úg

2& ckdêm;sjrhdg ljr fyda wjia:djl md¾,sfïka;=jg meñKSug;a" th weu;Sug;a"

thg ixfoaY bÈßm;a lsÍug;a n,h we;'
fuys§ Pkao n,h yer md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrekag ysñjk iEu jrm%idohla u ysñ fõ'
tfy;a 18jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhg wkqj fuh udi 3lg tla j;djla hkqfjka fjkia úh'

3& md¾,sfïka;=fõ tla tla ieisjdr wdrïNfhys md¾,sfïka;=fõ § wdKavqfõ m%;sm;a;s

m%ldYh bÈßm;a lsÍug n,h we;'

4& md¾,sfïka;=fõ ux., /iaùïj, uq,iqk ±Íug n,h we;'

6& wêlrKh yd iïnkaO n,;,

 md¾,sfïka;= iNdfõ ksßCIK wkqj fYa%IaGdêlrKfha w.%úksYapHldr jrhd we;=¿ wfkla
úksiqrejka"
 md¾,sfïka;= iNdfõ ksßCIK wkqj wkqj wNshdpkdêlrKfha iNdm;s we;=¿ úksiqrejka m;a
lsÍu
 md¾,sfïka;= iNdfõ ksßCIK wkqj wkqj iNdm;s yer wêlrK fiajd fldñika iNdfõ
idudðlhska m;a lsÍu'

6
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

 jr|lrejkag iudj§u' fï hgf;a

- iïmQ¾K iudjla §u fyda fldkafoais iys; iudjla §u'
- wêlrKh uÕska kshu lrk ,o hï o~qjula ksYaÑ; ld,iSudjlg hg;a fldg fyda hg;a
fkdfldg ;eîu'
- wêlrKh ,nd§ we;s o~qju fjkqjg lsishï ,sys,a o~qjula kshu lsÍu'
- wêlrKfha kshu lrk,o o~qjula uq¿ukska u ksYam%N lsßu fyda bka fldgila wvq lsÍu'
^ckdêm;sjrhd úiska jr|lrefjl=g iudj §ug fmr ta kvqj úNd.l< úksYapHldrjrhdf.a
jd¾;dj u; kS;sm;sf.a Wmfoia iuÕ wêlrK wud;Hjrhdf.a ks¾foaY ,nd.; hq;=h'&

7& fjk;a ld¾hhka

ckdêm;sjrhdg by; n,;,j,g wu;rj my; i|yka ld¾hka o ,nd § we;'
fï hgf;a
- ue;sjrK fldñika iNdfõ b,a,Su u; ksoyia yd idOdrK ue;sjrK meje;aùu i|yd WÑ;
jd;djrKhka we;s lsÍu ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd n,h we;af;a h'
- taldnoaO wruqo,ska uqo,a m%;smdok fjka lr .ekSu'
ta wkqj 1978 ckdèm;sjrhdg jHjia:dkql+,j fukau m%dfhda.slj o rdcHfha kdhldhd f,i"
wdKavqfõ kdhlhd f,i" úOdhlfha kdhlhd f,i ikakoaO fiajdjkays kdhlhd úYd,
n,;, m%udKhla ysñ ù we;'

 óg w;sf¾l j" úOdhlhg hg;a jQ jHjia:dodhlhla fuu jHjia:dfjka ks¾udKh lrk ,È'
WodyrKhla jYfhka ckdêm;sjrhdg i;=re jQ md¾,sfïka;=jla mj;sk úgl tjeks md¾,sfïka;=jlska
wdrlaId ùu i|yd cku;úpdrK meje;aùfï n,h ,nd fok ,È' fï hgf;a md¾,sfïka;=j úiska
m%;slafIam lrk ,o wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ixfYdaOkh fkdlrk wdldrfha mk;a flgqïm;a cku;
úpdrKhla Tiafia uyck;djf.ka iïu; fldg l%shdjg kexùfï yelshdj ckdêm;sg ;sìKs'

fujeks jHjia:dkql+, úêúOdk Tiafia tla w;lska md¾,sfïka;=j yE,a¨jg ,la lrk ,o w;r ;j;a
w;lska tjeks úêúOdk Tiafia ckdêm;sjrhd ;jÿrg;a n,j;a flßKs' tneúka 1978 jHjia:dj uÕska
f.dv k.k ,o wdKavql%u jHQyh ;=< m%uqL;u yd n,j;a u wdh;kh jQfha ckdêm;s Oqrh hs'

,xldfõ ckdêm;s iïnkaOfhka jHjia:dfõ mj;sk tlu iSudj jkafka 42 j.ka;shhs' thg wkqj
ckdêm;sjrhd iajlSh n,;, yd ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu iïnkaOfhka yd ls%hd;aul lsÍu iïnkaOfhka
md¾,sfïka;=jg j.lsj hq;af;a h' tfy;a m%dfhda.sl ;;ajh ;=< ckdêm;sjrhd md¾,sfïka;=jg j.
fkdlshkafka kï Tyqj bj;a lsÍu i|yd we;s ls%hdud¾.h ixlS¾K fõ' tu ksid fï uÕska
ckdêm;sjrhdj md,kh lsÍfï yelshdj iSud ù we;' miq.sh ld,fha wdKavql%u jHjia:djg tla lrk
,o 18 jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh uÕska ckdêm;s OQrfha n,;, mq¿,a lr.kakd ,§' fuh úpdrlhska
úiska yeÈkajQfha jHjia:dkql+, taldêm;s;ajhla jYfhks'

 flfia fj;;a j¾udkfha wdKavql%u jHjia:djg tla lrk ,o 19jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh uÕska
ckdêm;sjrhdf.a n,;, ixrjrK l<o kej; j;djla 20fjks wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh uÕska
n,;, j¾Okh j¾Okh lr f.k we;'

7
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

uQ,sl whs;sjdislï" wêlKh iy TïnQâiauka

m%cd;ka;%jd§ rdcHl b;d je|.;a ,CIKhla jkafka tu rfÜ ck;djf.a udkj whs;sjdislï wdrCId lr
§uhs' fojk ckrc jHjia:dj hgf;a udkj whs;sjdislï wdrCId lsÍu i|yd fhdod we;s m%Odk úêúOdk
folla f,i uQ,sl whs;sjdislï iy TïnQâuka yeÈkaúh yelsh'

uQ,sl whs;sjdislï
ta wkqj 1978 fojk ckrc jHjiaA:dj ;=< ck;d mrudêm;Hfha m%ldYkhla f,i uQ,sl whs;sjdislïj,g
,nd § we;af;a jHjia:dodhl n,h" úOdhl n,h" wêlrK n,h" Pkao n,h fuka tl yd iudk
ms<s.ekSuls'
ta wkqj fojk ckrc jHjia:dfõ 3jk mßÉfþofha 10 isg 17 olajd j.ka;sj, uQ,sl whs;sjdislï olajd
we;'
10 j. - iEu flfkl=gu is;Sfï ksoyi" yDo idCIsfha ksoyi yd wd.ñl ksoyi we;af;a h'

11 j. - lsisu ;eke;af;l= joysxid j,g fyda lDDr" wudkqIsl fyda wjuka iy.; ie<ls,a,g hg;a
fkdl<hq;= nj'
fuu whs;sjdislï mru fyj;a taldka; whs;sjdislï f,i olajd we; fïjd wysñ lsÍu fyda
iSud lsÍug fkdyel'

12 j.- ^1& kS;sh mis|,Su iy l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS kS;sfha /ljrKh i¾j idOdrK úh hq;af;a h'
^2& lsisu mqrjeisfhl=g j¾.h" wd.u" NdIdjo l=,h" ia;%S mqreI fNaoh" foaYmd,k u;h fyda
Wmka ia:dkh hk fya;= u; fjkialulg fyda úfYaI;djhlg Ndckh fkdúh hq;af;a h'

13 j.- kS;shg wkql+,j ñi lsisu ;eke;af;l= wka;fkdau;sl f,i isrNdrhg .ekSu" r|jd
;nd.ekSu" ovqjï lsÍu fkdl< hq;af;ah'

14 j.- iEu mqrjeisfhl=gu NdIKfha" /iaùfï" iud.ufha" /lshdfõ iy hdï Bï hkdÈfha ksoyi
we;af;a h'
14w j. - iEu mqrjeisfhl=g u f;dr;=re fj; m%fõY ùfï whs;sh we;af;a h'

fuu uQ,sl whs;sjdislï m%ldYkfha ;snQ úfYaI ,CIK lsysmhls' tkï"

1& 10" 11" 12^1& iy 13 hk j.ka;s uÕska iy;sl lrk,o whs;sjdislï ish¨ mqoa.,hkag u ysñ fõ' 12^2&
iy 14 hk j.ka;sj, whs;sjdislï ysñ jkafka mqrjeishkag muKs'

2& ___________________________________________________________________________________
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8
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

4& uQ,sl whs;sjdislï mq¿,a wdldrhg olajd ;sîu'

1972 wdKavq l%ufha uQ,sl whs;sjdislï m%ldYkhg idfmaCIj 1978 fojk ckrc wdKavq l%uh hgf;a
uQ,sl whs;sjdislï jvd úia;rd;aulj olajd we;'

5& wêlrKuh hdka;%Khla we;s lr ;sîu'

fojk ckrc jHjia:dj hgf;a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï m%ldYkfha ;snQ m%Odku ,CIKhla jQfha
whs;sjdislï wdrCId lsÍu i|yd wêlrKuh hdka;%Khla we;s lr ;sîuhs' fuh 1972 m%:u ckrc
jHjia:dj hgf;a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï m%ldYkfha fkd;snqKs'

6& 1978 uQ,sl whs;sjdislï hgf;a lKavdhï whs;sjdislï ;yjqre lr fkdue;'

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uQ,sl whs;sjdislï iy wêlrKh

uQ,sl whs;sjdislï yd iïnkaO j fuu jHjia:dfõ mj;sk úfYaI ,laIKhla kï tu whs;sjdislï
wêlrKh uÕska l%shd;aul lrjd .; yels nj jHjia:dfjys i|yka lr ;sîu hs' jHjia:dfõ 126 jk
j.ka;shg wkqj tu jHjia:dfõ i|yka jk whs;sjdislï lv ùug wod< m%Yakhla úNd. fldg ;Skaÿ §fï
;ks yd wkkH n,h we;af;a fY%aIaGdêlrKh fj; h' fï wkqj 1978 uQ,sl whs;sjdislï furg whs;sjdislï
iïnkaOfhka bÈß mshjrla ;nd we;snj m%ldY l<yelsh' uQ,sl whs;sjdislï lv ùu iïnkaOfhka iyk
m;d fjk;a wêlrKhla fj; fm;aiula bÈßm;a lsßfï yelshdjla ke;' fï wkqj fY%aIaGdêlrKh
l%shd;aul jkafka uQ,sl whsjdislïj, wdrlaIlhd f,i h'

jHjia:dfõ 17 iy 126 jk j.ka;s uÕska uQ,sl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh ùulg tfrys j blauka iy
m%;HlaI ms<shï ,nd .ekSu i|yd úêúOdk fhdod ;sfí'
ta wkqj wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 3jk mßÉfþofha i|yka uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fyda 4jk mßÉfþofha i|yka
NdId whs;sjdislï lsishï úOdhl fyda mrsmd,k fyda l%shdjla uÕska lsishï mqoa.,hl=f.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï
W,a,x>kh ù ;sfnk úg fyda W,a,x>kh ùug wdikak j mj;sk úgl fyda ta iïnkaOfhka iyk ,nd
.ekSu i|yd fY%aIaGdêlrKhg fm;aiula bÈßm;a lsßfï whs;sh ,nd § ;sfí'

fï wkqj uQ,sl whs;sjdislula W,a,x>kh ùfuka udihla we;=<; ta iïnkaO ,sÅ; fm;aiula
fY%aIaGdêlrKh fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;= h' tu b,a,Su mqrjeishdg Rcqju fyda kS;s{fhl= ud¾.fhka bÈßm;a
l<yelsh'

tjeks b,a,Sula ;uka fj; ,enqKq miq fYa%IaGdêlrKh uq,ska u lrkafka ta fm;aiu úNd.hg .ekSug
wjir fokjd o keoao hkak tu wêlrKfha úksYaphlrejka fofofkl=g fkdwvq ixLHdjla úiska ;Skaÿ
lrkq ,efí' fm;aiu úNd.hg .ekSug ;Skaÿ l<fyd;a" úNd. lsÍfuka wk;=rej ;Skaÿj udi folla we;=<;
Èh hq;= fõ' fujeks fm;aiula bÈßm;a jQ úgl jHjia:dfõ 126 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a wêlrKh úiska ish
n,;, hgf;a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh ù we;a o@ W,a,x>kh ùug wdikakj ù we;a o @ hkak ;Skÿa
l< hq;= h'

1978 wdKavql%u jHjia:djg ixfYdaOk .Kkdjla u bÈßm;a jqjo" fYa%IaGdêlrKh i;= uQ,sl whs;sjdislï
úksYapH n,fha fjkila isÿ fkdùh'

9
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

tfia jqj;a" 19fjks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkfhka isÿ jQ fohla kï úOdhlfha n,mEïj,ska f;drj wêlrKfha
iajdëk;ajh ;yjqre lsÍuhs' fï uÕska uQ,sl whs;sjdislï wdrCId lsÍu iïnkaOj fYa%IaGdêlrKfha jÕlSu
jvd;a iajdëk iy Yla;su;a flßKs' tfy;a úisjk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh uÕska tu ;;ajhka fjkia lr
we;'

TïnQâiauka ^mßmd,k lghq;= ms<sn| md¾,sfïka;= flduidßiajrhd&

1978 fojk ckrc wdKavql%u jHjia:dj hgf;a udkj whs;sjdislï wdrCId lsÍfï hdka;%Khg TïnQâiauka
wh;a fõ' fudyq mßmd,k lghq;= ms<sn| md¾,sfïka;= flduidßiajrhd f,i yÿkajhs' fuh 1978 jHjia:dj
hgf;a we;s lrk,o kjdx.hls'
fuu ;k;=r ms<sn|j 1978 jHjia:dfõ 156 j.ka;sh ;=< o md¾,sfïka;=j úiska iïu; lrk,o mk;a ;=< o
olakg ,efí'

 1981 wxl 17 ork mßmd,k lghq;= ms<sn| md¾,sfïka;= flduidßia mk;

 1991 wxl 16 ork mßmd,k lghq;= ms<sn| md¾,sfïka;= flduidßia mk; ^ixfYdaOk&
 1996 wxl 26 ork mßmd,k lghq;= ms<sn| md¾,sfïka;= flduidßia mk; ^ixfYdaOk&

TïnQâiaukajrhd m;a lrkq ,nkafka ckdêm;sjrhd úisks' 20jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh wkqj th
md¾,sfïka;= iNdj ksÍCIKh l< hq;=h' TïnQâiaukajrhd md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrfhl=" md¾,sfïka;=fõ
ks,OdÍfhl= rdcH ixia:djl" m,d;a md,k wdh;khl fyda Bg iudk fjk;a wdh;khl idudðlfhl=
fkdúh hq;=h' fudyqf.a fiajd ld,h úY%dñl ld,hla jk w;r th jhi wjqreÿ 70la fõ'

ld¾hh
Tïnqâiaukajrhdg wh;a uQ,sl ld¾h jkafka rcfha ks,Odßka úiska iy rdcH ixia:dj," m<d;a md,k
wdh;kj, iy tjeks fjk;a wdh;kj, ks,Odßka úiska isÿ lrkq ,nk
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ls%hdldÍ;ajh
 Tïnqâiaukajrhd fj; bÈßm;a lrk ,o fm;aiula Ndr .; yels ;;a;ajhl ;sfí hehs woyia lrkafka
kï mÍlaIK lghq;= Tyq úiska wdrïN l< hq;= w;r Tyq úiska ta nj md¾,sfïka;=fõ uyck fm;aiï
ldrl iNdj fj; ±kqï Èh hq;= fõ'
 ta w;r Tïnqâiauka fj; hï meñKs,a,la bÈßm;a jQ úg ta ms<sn| j mÍlaIKhla meje;aùug ;uka
woyia lrk nj fpdaokdjg ,lajk wdh;kfha m%Odkshd fj; o flduidßiajrhd úiska ±kqï Èh hq;=
fõ'

10
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

 Tïnqâiaukajrhd úiska fm;aiug wod< j mÍlaId lrk úg my; i|yka lreKq flfrys wjOdkh ,la
l< hq;= h'
1' uQ,sl whs;sjdislï lv lr ;sfí o@ fkdtfia kï lv lrkq ,eîug bv ;sfí o@

2' lrk ,o l%shdj kS;shg mgyeKs jQfha o@

3' lrk ,o l%shdj ioaNdjfhka fyda wioaNdjfhka fyda lr ;sfí o@

TïnQiaukajrhd fj; meñKs<s lsÍfï § uq,ska md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrfhla ud¾.fhka l<hq;= jqj;a
1996 isÿl< ixfYdaOkh wkqj lsishï mqoa.,fhl=g ;ksj jqj;a TïnQâiauka fj; meñKs<s lsÍfï
yelshdj ,nd § we;'

;SrKh ,nd §u’

fm;aiula úNd. lsÍfuka miq Tïnqâiaukajrhd úiska ;ukaf.a ;SrKh yd Bg mokï jQ fya;= wod<
wdh;kfha m%Odkshdg" wod< wdh;kh Ndr wud;Hjrhd fj; " uyck fm;aiï ldrl iNdjg jd¾;d l<
hq;= h'
mÍlaIKfhka miq fpdaokd Tmamq jqks kï Tïnqâiaukajrhdg ;ukag iqÿiq hehs isf;k ks¾foaY ish
jd¾;dj uÕska bÈßm;a l< yels h' ta wkqj"
1' ldrKh kej; i,ld n,k f,i"
2' fkd;ld yeÍu ksjerÈ lrk f,i"
3' ;SrKh wj,x.= lrk f,i fyda fjkia lrk f,i"
4' ;SrKh" ks¾foaYh" l%shdj fyda fkd lr yeÍu i|yd mokï jQ idOlh fyda idOl fyda fjkia lrk
f,i"
5' ;SrKh" ks¾foaYh" l%shdj ke;fyd;a fkd lr yeÍu iïnkaOfhka fya;= olajk f,i"
wd§ jYfhka ks¾foaY bÈßm;a l< yels h'

 Tïnqâiaukajrhd úiska kshu lrkq ld, iSudj ;=< Tyqg iqÿiq hehs isf;k lsis ÿ l%shd ud¾.hla wdh;k
m%Odkshd úiska .kq fkd,enqjfyd;a ta ms<sn| jd¾;djla Tïnqâiaukajrhd úiska ckdêm;sjrhdg iy
md¾,sfïka;=jg bÈßm;a l< hq;af;a h'

 jdis$ wjdis
jdis
1& ks,OdÍkaf.ka ck;djg we;sjk wmyiq;djh ms<n
s | fidhd ne,Sug yelsùu
2& wêlrKh úiska idOdrKhla bgqlsÍug .shúg úYd, uqo,la" ld,hla isÿùu fï ksid j<lajd
.; yelsh'
3& fuu TïnQâiauka OQrh msysgqùu ksid ;ukaf.a ks¾fodaISNdjh ikd: fldg ;ukag úhyels
wmyiq;djhkaf.ka ñoSug ks,OdÍkag yelshdj ,eî we;'

wjdis
1& ks,OdÍka úúO wjia:djka j,oS fkdukd fpdaokd j,g ,laúh yelsh'

11
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

 fuu TïnQâiauka OQrfha miq ld,fha we;s jQ fjkila jQfha ;ukag fm!oa.,slj jqj;a TïnQâiauka
fj; meñKs<s lsÍug yels ùuhs' óg fmr yelshdj ,eî ;snqfKa ta i|yd md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrfhla
iuÕ hd hq;=ùuh'

 ;jo ,xldfõ TïnQâiauka OQrfha ;snQ ;j;a úfYaI;ajhla jQfha ,xldfõ ue;s weu;sjreka iy yuqod
ks,OdÍka úiska isÿlrk uQ,sl whsjdislï ms<sn| meñKs,s lsÍug fkdyels ùuhs' tys§ wjia:dj
;sfnkafka rdcH ks,Odßka úiska isÿlrk uQ,sl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh lsÍï iy fjk;a widOdrK
ls%hd iïnkaoj meñKs<s lsÍuhs' fuys § fudyqj yÿkajd we;af;a o mßmd,k lghq;= ms<sn| md¾,sfïka;=
flduidßiajrhd hkqfjks'

wu;r igyka
udkj ysñlï fldñika iNdj
1978 jHjia:dj hgf;a uq,sl whs;sjdislï wdrCId lsÍu iïnkaOfhka msysgqjd we;s ;j;a hdka;%Khla f,i
udkj ysñlï fldñika iNdj ±laúh yelsh'
1996 wxl 21 orK md¾,sfïka;= mk; u.ska udkj ysñlï fldñiu msysgqjk ,§' th idudðlhka 05
fofkl=f.ka iukaú;h' fudjqka wdKavql%u jHjia:d iNdfõ ks¾foaY u; ckdêm;s jrhd úiska m;al<
hq;=h'

uQ,sl whs;sjdislï wdrCId lsÍu i|yd udkj ysñlï fldñiu my; i|yka ld¾hka bgq lrhs'
 uQ,sl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh wdikakj ;Sîu iïnkaOfhka jQ meñKs<s ms<sn| úNd. lsÍu yd
úu¾Ykh lsÍu iy iu:hg m;alsÍfï yd iu.s lsÍfï ud¾.fhka tajd úi£u i|yd úêúOdk
ie,iSu'

 udkj whs;sjdislï ms<sn|j oekqj;a lsÍu" m%j¾Okh lsÍu yd udkj whs;sjdislïj,g wkql+,j
wOHdmkh ie,iSu'

 udkj whs;sjdislï ms<sn|j m%dfoaYh

S uÜgfuka ls%hdlsÍu i|yd m%dfoaYh
S Wm lñgq msysgqjd tajdg
n,;, mejÍu'

 hï wêlrKhla bÈßfha úksYapHhg Ndckj mj;akd uQ,sl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh lsÍug wod< jQ
hï kvq lghq;=j,g ta wêlrKfha wjirh we;sj ueÈy;a ùu'

udkj ysñlï fldñifï ÿ¾j,;d

- udkj ysñlï fldñiug n,h we;af;a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh ùï mÍCId lsÍug muKlajk
w;r udkj ysñlï W,a,x>kh ùï mÍCId lsÍug Bg n,h fkdue;'

ue;sjrK l%u
fuu jHjia:dj hgf;a jHjia:dodhlh yd úOdhlh ^ckdêm;sjrhd& f;dard m;alr .kq ,nkafka tlsfklg
fjkia ue;sjrK follsks'

12
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

md¾,sfïka;=jg ksfhdað;hska f;dard .ekSu'

1978 jHjia:dj hgf;a md¾,sfïka;=jg ksfhdað;hska f;dard .kq ,nkafka iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh
hgf;a tk ,ehsia;= l%uh hgf;a h' b;d,sfha" Tiaáh
% dfõ yd fn,aðhfï ls%hd;aul jk iudkqmd;sl
ksfhdack l%uj, we;eï ,CIKj, tl;=fjka ,xldfõ iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh iliaj we;'

1978 jHjia:dj hgf;a md¾,sfïka;=jg ksfhdað;hska f;dard .ekSu iïnkaOj idlÉPd lsÍfï § m%Odk
lreKq lsysmhla ms<sn|j ie<ls,su;a úh hq;=h'

1& Pkao fldÜGdY fnod fjka lsÍu'

2& kdu fhdackd Ndr §u'
3& Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu yd uka;%Sjreka f;dard m;alr .ekSu'
4& mqrmamdvq iïmQ¾K lsßu'

1& Pkao fldÜGdY fnod fjka lsÍu'

 lõo@
1978 fojk ckrc jHjia:dj hgf;a 95^1& j.ka;shg wkqj Pkao fldÜGdY fnod fjka lsÍu mejÍ
;snqfKa ue;sjrK iSud ks¾Kh fldñika iNdj fj;h' fuh ckdêm;sjrhd úiska m;a lrk
idudðlhska ;s%fofkl=f.ka iukaú; úh'

 ixLHdj
Pkao fldÜGdY fnod fjka lsÍfï § ue;sjrK iSud ks¾Kh fldñika iNdj ie<ls,a,g .;hq;= lreKq
lsysmhls'
1. m<d;la Pkao fldÜGdhla njg m;alA< yelsh'
2. m<d;la ;=< Pkao fldÜGdY lsysmhla we;sl< yelsh'
3. mßmd,k Èia;%slalhla Pkao fldÜGdYhla njg m;a l<yelsh'
4. mßmd,k Èia;%slal lsysmhla tl;= lr Pkao fldÜGdYhla we;sl< yelsh'

fuu úêúOdk j,g wkql+,j jHjia:dfõ 96^1& j.ka;shg wkqj Y%S ,xldj ue;sjrK fldÜGdY 20 lg
fkdwvq iy 24 lg fkdjeä ixLHdjlg fnod fjka fldg ta i|yd kula osh hq;af;ah' tfy;a 1978
jHjia:djg 1983 oS tla l< 7 jk jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh u.ska th ue;sjrK fldáGdY 20 lg fkdwvq iy
25 lg fkdjeä ixLHdjla olajd ixfYdaOkh lrk ,oS' ta wkqj 1978 jHjia:dj hgf;a ,xldj Pkao
fldáGdY 22 lg fnod fjkafldg ;sfí'

bka 21 lau mej;sfha mßmd,k osia;%sial Pkao fldÜGdYhla njg m;alsÍu ;=,sks' bka tlla tkï" jkaks
Pkao Pkao fldáGdYh ks¾udKh lr we;af;a uq,;sõ" jõkshd iy ukakdru hk mßmd,k osia;%sl 03
taldnoaO lsÍfuks' iSud ks¾Kh lsÍfï fldñiu ,xldj Pkao fldÜGdY j,g fnod fjkalsÍfïoS lr we;s
;j;a fjkia lula jkafka wïmdr Pkao fldÜGdYh os.d uvq,a, f,i fjkia lsÍuhs' fï wkqj iudkqmd;sl
ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a ,xldj Pkao fldÜGdYj,g fnod fjkalsÍfïoS Pkao fldÜGdY 22 lg fnod fjkalr
we;s w;r th ,xldfõ m<d;a udhsï W,a,x>Kh fkdjk whqßka msysgqjd ;sfí'

13
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

 Pkao fldÜGdY w;r uka;%Sjreka fnod fjkalsÍu'

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 ck;djf.a Pkaofhka iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a f;dard .kakd ,o 196 fokd mokï folla
hgf;a f;dard .kakd ,§'
1& m<d;a moku - 36
2& ck.yk moku - 160

 m<d;a moku'
niakdysr - 04
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inr.uqj - 04
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 ck.yk moku'
b;sß wdik 160 ue;sjrK fldáGdY w;r fnod fjka lrkq ,nkafka ,shd mÈxÑ Pkao odhlhskaf.a
ixLHdjg wkqmd;sljh' ue;sjrK fldÜGdij,g fnod yeÍfï ld¾hh mejÍ we;af;a ue;sjrK
flduidßiajrhd fj; h' jd¾Isl j isÿ lrkq ,nk Pkao ysñ kdu f,aLk m%;sixfYdaOkfhka miq j
uka;%S OQr 160la jQ ixLHdj tla tla ue;sjrK fldÜGdifha ,shdmÈxÑ Pkao ixLHdjg wkqmd; jk
f,i jirla mdid fjka l< hq;= nj 98 jk j.ka;sfha i|yka fõ'
fï i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk ks¾Kdhlh jkafka
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14
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

mßñ; Pkao ixLHdj = ________________________________________._____________________

160

ó <.g ta ta ue;sjrK fldÜGdYhg ysñjk uka;%Ska ixLHdj fidhd .ekSu i|yd ta ta ue;sjrK
fldÜGdYfha Pkao ixLHdj mßñ; Pkao ixLHdfjka fnohs'

ta ta ue;sjrK fldÜGdYhg ysñ uka;%Ska ixLHdj = ______________________________________________

bka miqj ta ta ue;sjrK fldÜGdYhg ysñ uka;%S OQr ixLHdj ,efnk w;r tysoS f;dard.; hq;= uka;%S
ixLHdj ^160& fkd,efnkafka kï" ,efnk Wmßu fYaIh mokï lrf.k wdik fnod yßkq ,nhs'

Wod- ___________________________________________________________________________________________
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2& kdu fhdackd Ndr §u'

,xldfõ iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh l%shd;aul jk w;r 1978 md¾,sfïka;=jg ksfhdacs;hka m;alr
.ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs' fuysos Ndú;d lrkq ,nkafka ,ehsia;= l%uh ksid ta ms<sn| wjOdkh
fhduq lruq'
,ehsia;= l%uh hgf;a kdufhdackd Ndr§u Pkao fldÜGdY mokñka isÿ lrkq ,efí' ta wkqj iEu Pkao
fldÜGdYhla u nyq uka;%S iajrEmhla wkq.ukh lrk w;r iajdëkj bÈßm;a úh fkdyel'
fuys§ foaYmd,k mCI j,ska neyerj iajdëk lKavdhulska ;rÕ lrkafka kï iajdëk lKavdhula
f,i bÈßm;a úh hq;= w;r kdu fhdackd m;%h iudodk úksYapHlrefjl= ,jd iy;sl lr lKavdhï
kdhlhd úiska Èia;%sla f;aÍïNdr ks,Odßhdg NdrÈh hq;=h'

foaYmd,k mCIhl kdufhdackd ,ehsia;=j mCIfha f,alïjrhd w;aika lr f;aÍïNdr ks,Odßhdg

NdrÈh hq;=h'
15
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

3& Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu yd uka;%Sjreka fnod yeÍu'

Y%S ,xldfõ iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh hgf;a md¾,sfïka;=jg uka;%Sjreka f;dard .ekSfï § Pkaoodhlhl=g
tla Pkaohla ,efí' Bg wu;r j ;u Pkaoh m%ldY l< mlaIfha fyda iajdëk lKavdhfï fyda
wfmalaIlhka w;=ßka ;sfofkl=g fkdjeä ixLHdjlg ukdm m%ldY lsÍfï wjia:dj o ,nd § ;sfí'
zz

fuu ue;sjrK l%uh hgf;a md¾,sfïka;= ue;sjrKhl § Pkao úuiSfuka miq j Pkao .Kka lr
uka;%Sjreka m;a lr.ekSu mshjr lsysmhla Tiafia isÿ flf¾'

1 mshjr - m%ido wdikhla ,nd §u’

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2 mshjr - wod< Pkao ixLHdj fidhd .ekSu’

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3 mshjr - iïm%hqla; Pkao ixLHdj fidhd .ekSu’

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16
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

iïm%hq;a; Pkao ixLHdj = ________________________________________________________

m;alsÍug kshñ; uka;%S ixLHdjg - 1

fï wdldrhg ta ta Pkao fldÜGdYh i|yd iïm%hq;a; Pkao ixLhdj fidhd .kakd w;r th ta ta ue;sjrK
fldÜGdYfha tla foaYmd,k mCIhla uka;%SOQrhla ,nd.ekSug .;hq;= Pkao ixLHdj fõ'

Wod- ___________________________________________________________________________________________
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4 mshjr - uka;%S OQr fnod yeÍu’

miqj ta ta Pkao fldáGdYfha tla tla foaYmd,k mCIh fyda lKavdhu ,nd.;a uq¿ Pkao ixLHdj
iïm%hq;a; Pkao ixLHdfjka fnoSu u.ska ta ta foaYmd,k mCI j,g yd lKavdhïj,g yssñ wdik
ixLHdj ,efí' by; i|yka mßos uka;%S Oqr fnod yeÍfïoS uka;%S Oqr b;sß jqjfyd;a th jeäu fYaIh
,nd we;s mCIh fyda lKavdhug ,ndfoa'
Wod- .ïmy Pkao fldÜGdYfha wod< Pkao ixLHdj 100 000 la hehs o" f;dard .;hq;= uka;%S ixLHdj 11
hehso is;uq' ta wkqj .ïmy Pkao fldÜGdYfha ta ta foaYmd,k mCIj,g ysñ uka;%S OQr ixLHdj
ks,a mCIh - 53 000
fld, mCIh - 27 000
r;= mCIh - 20 000
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5 mshjr - uka;%Sjreka f;dard .ekSu’

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17
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

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6 mshjr - cd;sl ,ehsia;= uka;%Sjreka f;dard .ekSu’

fuu ksfhdack l%uhg w¨;ska we;=¿ jQ kjdx.hla f,i cd;sl ,ehsia;=j yeoskaúh yelsh'
foaYmd,k mCI yd lKavdhï cd;sl uÜgñka ,nd we;s Pkao ixLHdj mokï lrf.k uka;%S Oqr 29 la
f;dard .kshs' fuysoS cd;sl Pkao wkqmd;slfhka tkï

cd;sl Pkao wkqmd;slh' = mdúÉÑ jQ uq¿ j,x.= ixLHdj

29

ta wkqj cd;sl Pkao wkqmd;slh ta ta foaYmd,k mCI ,enQ Pkao ixLHdfjka fjk fjku fnod uka;%S Oqr 29
;SrKh flf¾'
fï wdldrhg f;dard.kakd cd;sl ,ehsia;= uka;%Sjrhskaf.a kï kdu fhdackd Ndrfok oskfha u Ndr osh
hq;=h' miqj ue;sjrK flduidßia úiska cd;sl ,ehsia;= uka;%S Oqr ixLHdj foaYmd,k mCIfha fyda
lKavdhfï f,alïjrhd fj; oeKqï fokq ,nk w;r túg f,alïjrhd cd;sl ,ehsia;= f,al ï jrhdf.a kï
fhdackd lrkq ,efí'

4& ue;sjrKfhka miq mqrmamdvq iïmQ¾K lsßu'

mqrmamdvq msrùfïoS ir, nyq;r l%ufha fuka w;=re ue;sjrKhla fkdmj;a jk w;r ukdm ,ehsia;=fõ
B<. wfmaCIlhd f;dard m;alr .kS'
cd;sl ,ehsia;=fjka m;alrk ,o uka;%S Oqrhla ysia jqjfyd;a mCIfha f,alï fyda lKavdhfï
f,alïjrhdg okajd th iïmQ¾K lrkq ,nhs'

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%ufha hym;a iy whym;a ,CIK

furg md¾,sfïka;=jg ksfhdað;hska f;dard .ekSu i|yd fhdod .kq ,nkafka iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uhhs'
fuys m%fNao folla mj;sk w;r thska furg mj;skafka ,ehsia;= l%uhhs' tfuka u fuys mj;sk iqúfYaIS
,CIK lsysmhls'
lvbï Pkao m%;sY;hla mj;ajdf.k hdu'" cd;sl ,ehsia;=j" ukdm Pkao l%uh" m%ido wdik l%uh
ta wkqj fuu iudkqmd;sls ksfhdack l%uhg j¾;udkfha úfõpk t,a, ù we;s w;r fuys mj;sk hym;a
iy whym;a ,CIK lsysmhls'

hym;a ,CIK
1& Pkao ixLHdjg wkqmd;slj wdik ,eîu'
iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh yÿkajd §u i|yd n,mdk ,o m%Odku fya;=j jQfha óg fmr mej;s ir,
nyq;r ksfhdack l%ufha ÿ¾j,;djhka h' ta wkqj tys ;snQ m%Odk;u ÿ¾j,;djh jQfha ,nd.kakd Pkao
ixLHdjg wkqmd;slj wdik fkd,eîuhs'

18
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

Wod- ________________________________________________________________________________________
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ta wkqj iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%ufha m%Odk hym;a ,CIKhla jkafka m%udKj;a Pkao ixLHdjla
,nd.kakd iEu foaYmd,k mCIhlg u yd lKavdhulg u m%udKj;a ksfhdackhla ,eîuhs' tuksid
iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a ,nd.kakd Pkao ixLHdj iy wdik ixLHdj w;r l<ska mej;shd jQ
wiurEmSNdjh ke;súh'

2& iq¿ck fldgiaj,g ksfhdackhla ,eîu'

fuu ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a wdik ysñjkafka ir, nyq;r ksfhdack l%ufha fuka jeäu Pkao
ixLHdjla ,nd.;a foaYmd,k mCIhg muKla fkdfõ' Tjqka ,nd.kakd Pkao ixLHdjg wkqmd;slj
wdik ysñ fõ' tu ksid fï uÕska iq¿ck lKavdhïj,g o ksfhdackhla ,efí'
1977 ue;sjrKfhaoS iq¿ck lKavdhï j,g ksfhdackhla ,nd.ekSug fkdyels jQ w;r 1989
ue;sjrKfhaoS iq¿ck lKavdhï j,g ksfhdackhla ,nd.ekSug yelsúh'

mCIh Pkao m%;sY;h wdik

Y%S','uq'fldx.%ih 3.6% 4
ø't'ú'fmruqK 3.4% 10
t'i'fmruqK 2.7% 3
u't'fmruqK 1.7% 3

3& jHjia:dodhlh ;=< ;ks mCIhl wê n,hla talrdYS fkdùu'

fuu ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a we;s ;j;a jdishla kï jHjia:dodhlh ;=< ys;=jlaldÍ f,i ls%hd lsÍug
bv ,ndfok ;rï wê nyq;r n,hla ;ks mCIhlg ,eîfï yelshdj je<elaùuhs' fï uÕska úúO u;
ksfhdackh lsÍug wjia:dj ,ndfohs'
tfy;a meje;s ir, nyq;r ksfhdack hgf;a ;ks mCIhla fj; wê n,hla talrdYS úh'
Wod- ________________________________________________________________________________________
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4& m%n, wdKavq mCIhla yd ÿ¾j, úreoaO mCIhla ìysùu je<elaùu'

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a m%udKj;a Pkao ixLHdjla ,nd.kakd wfkla iq¿ mCIj,g o
ksfhdackhla ,efnk ksid óg fmr ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a mej;=Kq wdldrfha m%n, wdKavq mCIhla yd
ÿ¾j, úreoaO mCIhla ìysùu j<lajd,hs' tkï wdKavq mCIh yd úreoaO mCIh w;r we;s wdik mr;rh
wvq fõ'

19
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

5& W.;a nqoaêu;=kaf.a fiajh ,nd.ekSug yels ùu'

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%ufha we;s cd;sl ,ehsia;=j ksid Pkaofhka f;dard .kakd ixLHdjg w;sf¾lj
29 fofkla f;dard .efka' tu ksid ue;sjrK foaYmd,kh yryd md¾,sfïka;=jg taug wlue;s tfy;a
rgg fiajhla lsÍug leue;a;la olajk whg jHjia:dodhlh ;=< ksfhdackhla ,nd§ug yelshdj ,efí'

6& foaYmd,k mCIj, je|.;alu u;=ùu'

fuu l%uh hgf;a ue;sjrK i|yd bÈßm;a úhyels jkafka foaYmd,k mCIhla fyda lKavdhula hgf;a
muKs' óg fmr mej;s ir, nyq;r ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a fuka ;ks ;ksj bÈßm;a úh fkdyels ùu
ksid fuys mqoa.,hdf.a je|.;alu wvq ù mCIfha je|.;alu jeäù we;'

7& úh|u wvq ùu'

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a mqrmamdvq iïmQ¾K lsÍfï § ir, nyq;r ksfhdack l%ufha fuka
w;=re ue;sjrK fkdmj;ajk w;r ,ehsia;=fõ B<Õ mqoa.,hd ta i|yd f;dard .kS' fï ksid fuu l%uh
úh|ï wêl l%uhla fkdfõ'

8& ukdm l%uh ksid ckms%h wfmaCIlhskag mCI kdhl;ajh fj; n,mEï lsÍug
yelsùu'
iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a mCI kdhl;ajfha n,h j¾Okh jk w;r ,xldfõ mj;akd ukdm
l%uh ksid mCI kdhl;ajh fj; n,mEï lsÍfï yelshdj ,eî we;'

9& uka;%Sjrhdg iajdëkj lghq;= lsÍug yelsùu'

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a ir, nyq;r ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a fuka uka;%Sjrhd iy Pkao
odhlhd w;r ióm iïnkaO;djhla we;s fkdfõ' tys§ f;aÍm;a jQ uka;%Sjrekag ;u Pkao fldÜGdYfha
Pkao odhlhska u; /§ isàug fkdyels fõ' tu ksid uka;%Sjrhdg iajdëkj lghq;= lsÍug yels fõ'

whym;a ,CIK
1& uka;%Sjrhd iy Pkao odhlhd w;r iïnkaOh ÿria: ùu’
ir, nyq;r ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a Pkao fldÜGdYh l=vd ùu fya;=fjkao tla Pkao fldÜGdYhlska tla
uka;%Sjrfhl= f;dard .ekSu ksid uka;%Sjrhd iy Pkao odhlhd w;r ióm iïnkaO;djhla f.dvkef.a'
tfy;a iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a Pkao fldÜGdYh úYd,ùu fya;=fjkao tla Pkao
fldÜGdYhlska uka;%Sjreka lsysm fofkla f;dard .kakd ksid uka;%Sjrhd iy Pkao odhlhd w;r ióm
iïnkaO;djhla f.dv fkdkef.a'

2& foaYmd,k mCI kdhl;ajfha wêm;s n,h iau;= ùu’

fuu ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a kdufhdackd Ndr§fï § kdufhdackd ,ehsia;=jg ;u ku we;=,;a lsÍfï
n,h fuu l%uh hgf;a mj;skqfha mCI kdhlhdgh' fuys§ ksfhdað;hd Pkao odhlhdg jvd mCI
kdhlhdg wj;k ùug isÿ fõ' fï uÕska mCI kdhl;ajfha wêm;s n,h iau;= fõ'

20
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

3& nyq mCI l%uhla j¾Okh ùfñ m%jK;djh'

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a m%udKj;a Pkao ixLHdjla ,nd.kakd iEu foaYmd,k mCIhla yd
lKavdhulg u ksfhdackhla ,efnk ksid nyq mCI l%uhla ìys ùfï m%jK;djhla mj;S' tuksid fï
uÕska ia:djr wdKavqjla f.dvk.d .ekSug fkdyels fõ'

4& foaYmd,k wia:djr;ajhla ks¾udKh ùu'

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a m%Odk mCIj,g wu;rj iq¿ mCIj,go ksfhdackhla ,eîfuka
ia:djr wdKavq l%uhla f.dvk.d .ekSug fkdyels fõ'
Wod- ________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

5& ks;r ks;r fjkiajk cku;h oek.ekSug fkdyels ùu'

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a mqrmamdvq iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd w;=re ue;sjrK fkdmj;ajk ksid
ue;sjrK folla w;r ld,h ;=< fjkiajk cku;h ±k .ekSug fkdyels fõ'

6& ukdm l%uh ksid foaYmd,k m%pKav;ajh iau;=ùu'

ukdm ;rÕh fya;=fjka ue;sjrK m%pKav ls%hd we;sfõ' fuys§ mCI wNHhka;rfha mjd .egqñ we;s ùug
mq¿jk' fuys§ m%;sm;a;suh .eg¨ bÈßhg hdu fjkqjg mgq fm!oa.,sl m%Yak bÈßhg hdu isÿfõ' fuh
foaYmd,k mCI wNHka;rfha m%cd;ka;%jdoh" úkh ì|jeàug fya;= fõ'

7& Pkao l%uh ixlS¾K ùu ksid Pkao wmf;a hdu'

ukdm ,l=Kq lsÍfï we;s ixlSrK;djh ksid Pkao odhlhska wmyiq;djhg ,laùfuka Pkao wmf;a hk
ixLHdj by< uÜgul mj;S'

8& m%ido wdik msßkeóu ksid uyck u;h úlD;s ùu'

m%ido wdik l%uh uÕska m%Odk foaYmd,k mCIj, wdêm;H ;jÿrg;a Yla;su;a lr we;s w;r fï uÕska
iudkqmd;sl f,i wdik fn§ hdu je,lS hhs' fuh iq¿ mCIj,g wjdishla fõ'

9& 5] g jvd wvqfjka ,nd.;a mCI yd lKavdhñ ;r.fhka bj;a lsÍu'

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a l=vd lKavdhï iy wka;jd§ lKavdhï ;rÕfhka msgux lsÍu
i|yd 5] l lvbï Pkao m%;sY;hla mj;ajdf.k hhs' fï u.ska l=vd foaYmd,k mCIj, meje;a u
ÿ¾j, lr we;s w;r m%Odk mCIj, wdêm;H Yla;su;a lr we;'

10& cd;sl ,ehsia;= l%uh fya;=fjka md¾,sfïka;=fõ uq¿ uka;%S ixLHdfjka 15] l ;rï
m%udKhla ck;d ksfhdað;hska fkdjk wh w;g m;aùu’

11& iuyr wdik i|yd ck;d ksfhdað;hska m;a fkdùu’

iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hgf;a ksfhdað;hska f;dard .kq ,nk Pkao fldÜGdYh úYd, fõ'
iuyrúg Èia;%slalhla fõ' tys§ iuyr wdik i|yd ksfhdað;hska m;a fkdùug yelshdj we;'

21
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

ta wkqj fuu ksfhdack l%uj, jdis wjdis idlÉPd lsÍfïoS fuu ksfhdack l%u fol ;=<u jdis wjdis we;'
1978 wdKavql%u jHjia:dj hgf;a yÿkajd ÿka iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh Ndú;d lrñka Y%S ,xldfõ
md¾,sfïka;= ue;sjrKh m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKh mj;ajkq ,nhs' fuu l%uh ;=< mj;sk ukdm l%uh yd m%ido
wdik l%uh ksid cku;h úlD;s ùu m%n, f,i isÿjk nj;a tfiau ue;sjrK m%pKav;ajh nrm;, f,i
jHdma; jknj;a j¾;udk iudcfha ms<s.ekSu ù we;' fï iïnkaO iudcfha l;sldj;la o we;s ù ;sfí'
tu ksid fuu ksfhdack l%uh yd ir, nyq;r ksfhdack l%ufha hym;a ,CIK we;=,;a c¾uka ksfhdack
l%uhg udreùu iïnkaOfha ,xld foaYmd,k iudcfha idlÉPd wdrïNù we;' 2015 ckdêm;sjrKfha fmdÿ
wfmaCIlhd jQ ffu;%Smd, isßfiak uy;df.a m%Odk fmdfrdkaÿjla jqfha o fuu iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh
fjkia lsÍuhs' fï i|yd w;ayod ne,Sula f,i m<d;a md,k ue;sjrKh ñY% l%uh hgf;a meje;a jQ w;r
tys o ÿ¾j,;d úh'

ckdêm;sjrhd f;dard .ekSfï l%uh'

1978 fojk ckrc jHjia:dj hgf;a ckdêm;sjrhd f;dard .kq ,nkafka ck;djf.a Rcq Pkaofhks' ta i|yd
wdKavq l%u jHjia:dfõ mj;sk úêúOdk mÍCId lrkúg fmkS hkafka nyq;aj l%uhg wh;ajk w;sf¾l
Pkao m%ldY lsÍfï l%uh u; mokïj we;s njhs' fuu Pkao l%uh flaj, idudðl Pkao fldÜGdYhla mokï
lr.ksñka ;ks wfmaCIlfhl= f;dard m;alr .ekSu flaJølr.;a Pkao l%uhls'

iqÿiqlï
j¾;udk jHjia:dj hgf;a ckdêm;s wfmaCIl;ajh i|yd my; i|yka iqÿiqlï iïmQ¾K l< hq;= fõ'
w& jhi wjqreÿ 30la iïmQ¾K lr ;sìu'
wd& md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrfhla ùug wjYHh iqÿiqlï iïmQ¾K lr ;sîu'
we& ck;dj úiska fojrla ckdêm;s OQrhg f;dard m;alr f.k fkd;sîu'
wE& jHjia:dkql+,j bj;al< wfhl= fkdùu'

ckdêm;s OQrhg f;dard m;alr .kq ,eîu i|yd iqÿiqlï ,nd we;s ljr fyda mqrjeisfhl=f.a ku
w& ms<s.;a foaYmd,k mCIhla úiska fyda
wd& Tyq jHjia:dodhlfha uka;%Sjrfhla kï fyda jHjia:dodhlfhys uka;%Sjrfhlaj isáfha kï
fjk;a foaYmd,k mCIhla úiska fyda Pkao ysñfhla úiska ckdêm;s OQrh i|yd kdufhdackd l<
yelsh'
ckdêm;sjrhd f;dardm;alr .ekSu i|yd Pkao úuiSu Oqrh orK ckdêm;s jrhdf.a ks, ld,h bl=;a ùug
fmr udihlg wvq fkdjk iy udi follg jeä fkdjk ld, iSudjla ;=< meje;aúh hq;=h' tfy;a
jHjia:djg lrk,o 3 jk ixfYdaOkhg wkqj isák ckdêm;sjrhdg m<uq OQrld,h wdrïN ù jir 4la
.sh miqo ckdêm;sjrKhla meje;aúh yelsh'

kdu fhdackd Ndr §u’

ckdêm;s jrfhl= ùu i|yd iqÿiqlï we;=<;a wfhl= kdufhdackd oskfha kdufhdackd bosßm;a l<hq;= w;r
tysoS ms<s.;a foaYmd,k mCIhl= wfmaCIlfhl= kï remsh,a 50000$=l wem uqo,lao iajdëk lKavdhul
wfmaCIlfhl= kñ remsh,a 75000$= l wem uqo,la o ;ekam;a l<hq;=h' miqj jeros kdufhdackd m;%
m%;sfCIam lr b;sß wfmaCIlhska ckdêm;s wfmaCIlhka f,i kï lrhs'

22
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

ckdêm;sjrK oskh ue;sjrK flduidßia úiska m%ldYhg m;alrk w;r tu oskfhaoS Pkao odhlhska
ckdêm;sjrfhla f;dard .ekSu i|yd Pkaoh m%ldYhg m;alrkq ,nhs'

 Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu'

fuys Pkaoodhlhka úiska wfmalaIlhka yg ;u jrKh m%ldY
lsÍfï l%uhla mj;S' fï wkqj Pkaoodhlhkayg wvq u jYfhka tla
wfmalaIlhl=g iy jeä u jqjfyd;a wfmalaIlhka fofofkl= yg
;u jrKh m%ldY l< yels h' tkï ckaoodhlhdg ish leue;a;g
wkqj Pkao wfmalaIlhka 1" 2 jYfhka fm< .eiaúh yels h'
Y%S ,xldfõ wkq.ukh lrk l%uh hgf;a ckaoodhlfhl=g
wfmalaIlhka ;sfofkl=g jvd ;rÕ lrk úgl" wkqms<sfj<ska
ukdm ;=kla jqj o m%ldY lsÍug yelshdj mj;S'

ta wkqj
w& ckdêm;sjrKh i|yd wfma|CIlhska ;sfofkl= bÈßm;aj isà kï Pkao odhlhskag ish uQ,sl
Pkaohg wu;rj fojk ukdmho ±laúh yelsh'
wd& wfmaCIlhska ;sfofkl=g jvd bÈßm;a ù we;skï tys § Pkao odhlhskag ;u uQ,sl Pkaohg wu;rj
fojk iy f;jk ukdmo ±laúh yelsh'

 f;dard .ekSu'
Pkao .Kka lsÍfï l%shdj,sfha uq,a jgfha § tkï m%:u jrKh .Kka lsÍfï § u lsishï wfmalaIlhl=
ksh; nyq;rhla (an absolute majority) ,ndf.k we;akï Tyq fyda weh fyda ch.%dys wfmalaIlhd
jYfhka ksrdhdifhka u f;dard m;a lr .kS'

m%:u jgfha § lsis ÿ wfmalaIlhl=g ksh; nyq;rhla ,nd .ekSug fkdyels jQfha kï" jeä u Pkao
,nd.;a wfmalaIlhka fofokd yer fiiq wh ;r.fhka bj;a flr;s' tfia bj;a lrk ,o
wfmalaIlhkag ,nd § we;s fojk leue;a; bka miq j ch.%dylhd ;SrKh lsÍug wjYH ksh; nyq;rh
,nd .ekSu i|yd m<uq yd fojk ;ek ysñ lr .;a wfmalaIlhka w;r kej; fnod yeÍu uÕska ch.%dyS
wfmalaIlhd f;dard m;a lr .efka' fuys woyi ch.%dyS wfmalaIlhd m%ldYs; j,x.= Pkaoj,ska 50] la
,nd.; hq;= nj hs'
/§ isák wfmaCIlhska fofokd iu Pkao ,ndf.k we;s wjia:djl l=im;a we¢u uÕska ch.%dylhd
f;dard .efka'

Y%S ,xldfõ ckdêm;sjrhd f;dardm;a lr.ekSu i|yd fuu l%uh fhdod .ekSfuka jHjia:d iïmdolhka
wfmalaId l< wruqKq folla ;sìKs'
i' Pkaoodhlhkaf.ka ksh; nyq;rhlf.a iydh f;dardm;a lr.kq ,nk ckdêm;sjrhdg ;sìh hq;= nj hs'
ii' ckdêm;sjrhd f;dardm;a lr.eksfï § iqM;r lKavdhïj,g w¾:dkaú; N+ñldjla ;sìh hq;= nj hs'

ta wkqj ckdêm;sjrhd f;dardm;a lsÍu nyq;rfha iydhfhka isÿ úh hq;= nj fuhska iy;sl flfrhs' thg
wu;r j fuu Pkao l%uh uÕska Pkao wfmalaIlhka yg ;ukaf.a u foaYmd,k mlaI iy ;uka wh;a
ckj¾.fha" Pkaoodhlhkaf.ka Tíng f.dia iqM;r mlaI iy lKavdhï foi ne,Su Èßu;a lrhs'

23
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

l=ula ksid o h;a we;eï úg m%Odk mlaIhl wfmalaIlhl=g fojk iy f;jk ukdm ,nd .ekSug isÿ jk
neúks' fuu Pkao l%uh hgf;a fï olajd Y%S ,xldj ckdêm;sjrK y;la ms<sfj<ska 1982" 1988" 1994" 1999"
2005" 2010 iy 2015 hk jirj, mj;ajd we;'

fuu iEu ckdêm;sjrKhl § u m%ldYs; j,x.= Pkaoj,ska ksh; nyq;r m<uq jgfha §u ch.%dys
wfmalaIlhka ,nd .ekSug iu;a úh' tneúka ukdm mejÍu u; r|d mej;Sug lsis ÿ wfmalaIlhl=g isÿ
jQfha ke;'
tfia jqj o" we;eï W.;=ka ;¾l lrkafka ch.%dys wfmalaIlhka fojk iy f;jk ukdm u; r|d mej;Sug
isÿ fõ kï" m<uq jgfha § isÿjQjdg jvd foaYmd,k l%shdOrhka jvd jeä wjOdkhla iq¿;r lKavdhï
flfrys ±laùug fuu l%uh uÕska yelshdjla ,efnk nj hs'

 fuu l%ufha jdis

i' th flaj, uka;%S nyq;aj l%uh (single-member plurality) (smp) iuÕ ii|k úg Pkao wmf;a
hkafka wvq jYfhka ùu'

ii' ch.%dys wfmalaIlhd wvq u jYfhka Pkaoodhlhkaf.ka 50% lf.a iydh /l.; hq;= jk neúka
iudcfha mq¿,a mrdihl woyia iy u; ue;sjrKfha wjika m%;sM,h i|yd n,mdkq ,eìh yels ùu'
iii' ch.%dyS wfmalaIlhd wvq u jYfhka 50] l iydh w;alr .; hq;= jqj;a ;ks mlaI nyq;r wdKavqjla
we;s jkafka ke;'

 fuu ue;sjrK l%ufha wjdis

i' fuu l%uh l=vd mlaIj,g we;s bv wiqrd,ñka ;j ÿrg;a úYd, mlaIj,g jdisodhl ;;a;ajhla we;s
lsÍu'
ii' ch.%dyS wfmalaIlhd Pkaoodhlhkaf.a m<uq leue;af;ka u muKla fkdj w;sf¾l Pkao kej; fnod
yeÍfï iydhfhka o m;a úh yels ùu' Pkaoodhlhka ^ck;dj& w;r ckm%sh fkdjk ch.%dyS
wfmalaIlhl= o úh yels ùu'

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24
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

cku; úpdrKh
 f,dalfha jeä jYfhka Ndú;d lrk Rcq m%cd;ka;%jd§
Wml%uhla f,i cku;úpdrKh yeÈkaúh yelsh'
 1978 jHjia:dj hgf;a yÿkajdÿka kjdx.hls' fuu
cku;úpdrK l%ufha wdrïNh isÿù we;af;a iaúiag¾,ka;h
;=,h' bka miqj 18jk ishji ;=, weußldj" m%xYh jeksrgj,
fuh l%shdjg kxjkq ,eîh'

 cku;úpdrK mj;ajk wjia:d

1& 1978 jHjia:dfõ 83 fjks j.ka;shg wkqj
 my; i|yka j.ka;s fjkia lsÍu i|yd md¾,sfïka;=fõ
fkdmeñKs uka;%Skao we;=¿j 2$3 l wkque;shla wjYHh
fõ' tkï" 1" 2" 3" 6" 7" 8" 9' 10" 11" 30^2&" 62^2& hk j.ka;s

2& óg wu;rj wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 85 fjks j.ka;shg wkqj

 lsishï flgqïm;la fyda úêúOdkhla cku;úpdrKhlg bÈßm;a l<hq;= hehs fYa%IaGdêlrKh
fyda wud;H uKav,h ;SrKh lr we;akï th md¾,sfïka;=fõ fkdmeñKs uka;%Skao we;=¿j
2$3ka iïu; ù we;akï cku;úpdrKhlg bÈßm;a lsÍug ckdëm;sjrhdg n,h we;af;a h'

 md¾,sfïka;=j m%;sfCIam lrk,o ^wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhla fkdjk& mk;a flgqïm;a

ckdêm;sjrhdf.a wNsu;h mßÈ cku;úpdrK i|yd bÈßm;a lsÍug ckdêm;sjrhdg n,h
;snqKs'

3& 86 j.ka;sh
ckdêm;sf.a u;h wkqj cd;sl je|.;alula we;ehs ckdêm;sjrhd l,amkd lrkakd jQ hï ldrKhla
md¾,sfïka;=fõ fkdmeñKs uka;%Skoa we;=¿j 2$3ka iïu; ù we;akï cku;úpdrKhlg bÈßm;a
lsÍug ckdêm;sjrhdg n,h we;'

 cku;úpdrK meje;aùu'
 cku;úpdrK Pkao úuiSula yryd ck;dj fj; flgqïm;a bÈßm;a lsÍfï n,h uq¨ukskau mjrd
we;af;a ckdêm;sjrhd fj;h' cku;úpdrKhla meje;aùug ;uka wfmaCId lrknj ckdêm;sjrhd
ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhd fj; oekqïÿka miq ta i|yd lghq;= fhÈh hq;= w;r tys m%;sM,h
ckdêm;sjrhd fj; oekqï Èh hq;=h'

 cku;úpdrKh ck;djg bÈßm;a lrkqfha m%Yakhl iajrEmfhks' tys§ ck;dj leue;skï z´õZ
hkqfjka o wlue;s kï zke;Z hkqfjka o ms<s;=re ,nd fohs'

 cku;úpdrKhl§ Pkaoh m%ldYl< uq¿ ixLHdfjka taldka;r nyq;rhla wkqu; lrkq ,enqjfyd;a
ck;d wkque;sh ,enqKd fia ie<fla' tfia jqjo cku;úpdrKhl§ Pkaoh m%ldYlr we;s ixLHdj
,shdmÈxÑ ù we;s uq¿ Pkao ixLHdfjka 2$3lg jvd wvq wjia:djl uq¿ Pkao ixLHdfjka 1$3 la ,nd
we;akï mk;a flgqïm; iïu; ùu i|yd m%udKj;a fõ'
25
 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

 1978 jHjia:dj hgf;a 1982 § m%:u j;djg cku;úpdrKhla mj;ajk ,§' fuh iaõÜi¾,ka;fha"
weußld tlai;a ckmofha" ´iafÜ%,shdfõ mj;ajk ,o wdldrfha cku;úpdrKhla fuka fkdùh'
th mj;ajk ,oafoa tjlg n,fha isá tlai;a cd;sl mCI kdhlhd jQ ckdêm;s fÊ' wd¾' chj¾Ok
úiskah' 1977 ue;sjrKfhka md¾,sfïka;=fõ 5$6 l úYd, n,hla iys;j Tyq n,fha isá w;r 1982
jkúg tys ks,ld,h wjika fjñka mej;=ks' tysoS ckdêm;s jrhdg wjYHh jQfha md¾,sfïka;=fõ
n,h tfiau ;sìhoS md¾,sfïka;=fõ ks,ld,h oS¾> lr.ekSuhs' fuysoS th m%Yakhla wdldrfhka
cku; úpdrKhlg bosßm;a l< w;r tysoS ta i|yd wkque;sh ,enqKs'

ks.ukh'
flfia fj;;a fuu cku; úpdrKh ms<sn|j úfõpk t,a, ù we;' tysoS ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa
kdhl frdayK úfcaùr fYa%IaGdêlrKfha kvqjlao mjrd we;' fï ms<sn| ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhd ish
ue;sjrK jd¾;dj u.skao fmkajd fokafka fuu cku; úpdrKh f,dj meje;ajQ cku; úpdrK j,ska
jHdl+, cku; úpdrKhla njhs'

fuu cku;úpdrKh meje;ajQfha ck;dj tf;la N=la;súÈ m%cd;ka;%S whs;shla Wÿrd.ekSu i|ydh' fuh
iuia; f,dalh Wfoidu wdo¾Yhla bÈßm;a lrkq ,eîh' idudkHfhka m%cd;ka;%Sh rgj,
md¾,sfïka;=fõ ks,ld,h §¾>lr .ekSug ke;skï ue;sjrKj,g wdfoaYlhla jYfhka cku;úpdrK
mj;ajkafka ke;'
Wod- ì%;dkHh w.ue;s p¾Ñ,a md¾,sfïka;=fõ ks,ld,h cmdkh ì%;dkHhg hg;ajk;=re §¾>lr
.ekSug 1945 § W;aidy l<úg th m%;sfCIam úh' óg wu;rj md¾,sfïka;=fõ ks,ld,h §¾>lr
.ekSu Wfoid 1964 § yhsáho" 1974 § áhqkSishdjo" 1976 § Bðma;=jo cku;úpdrK meje;aùh'

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 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

igyka
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 h:d¾:hg bv fokak…… 

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