Available online at www.sciencedirect.

com

ScienceDirect
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015) 505 – 512

QG*OREDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ%XVLQHVVDQG6RFLDO6FLHQFH*&%666HSWHPEHU
%DOL,QGRQHVLD

3XEOLF3DUWLFLSDWLRQ3URFHVVDW/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ
$&DVH6WXG\RIWKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO0DOD\VLD
6X]LH0DW1XUXGLQD 5XJD\DK+DVKLPE6KDPVLQDU5DKPDQF1XUV\DKLGD=XONLIOLG
$KPDG6KDK3DNHHU0RKDPHGH6DLGDWXO$NPD+DPLNI
a,b,c,e
Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, 70300, Malaysia
d
Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kelantan, 18500,Malaysia
f
Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kedah, 08400, Malaysia

$EVWUDFW

7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVSDSHULVWRVKRZFDVHWKHOHYHORISXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQORFDOJRYHUQPHQWSURJUDP,QRUGHUWRH[SORUHWKH
DFWXDO GLPHQVLRQV RI SXEOLF SDUWLFLSDWLRQ SUDFWLFH VXUYH\ VHVVLRQV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG DW WKH 6HUHPEDQ 0XQLFLSDO &RXQFLO 036
LQFOXGLQJVHFRQGDU\GDWDFROOHFWLRQIURPWKH0LQLVWU\RI+RXVLQJDQG/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW3XEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ
VKRZVDPRUHWUDQVSDUHQWDGPLQLVWUDWLRQDQGLWLVFUXFLDOIRUWKHVXFFHVVIXOLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIQDWLRQDOGHYHORSPHQWSODQV7KH
UHVHDUFK RXWFRPH LV VLJQLILFDQW LQ ILOOLQJ WKH NQRZOHGJH JDS RQ SXEOLF SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ WKH ORFDO JRYHUQPHQW DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ LQ
0DOD\VLDDVZHOODVSHUVSHFWLYHVIURPDGHYHORSLQJQDWLRQ
‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG
© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH2UJDQL]LQJ&RPPLWWHHRIWKHQG*&%66
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 2nd GCBSS-2015
Keywords:*RRG*RYHUQDQFH3XEOLF3DUWLFLSDWLRQ/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW/RFDO$JHQGD6DIHW\&LW\

,QWURGXFWLRQ

3XEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLVFRQVLGHUHGWKHFRUQHUVWRQHLQLPSOHPHQWLQJRIJRRGJRYHUQDQFH&XSSHQ%URHNKDQVDQG
(QVHULQN  3DUWLFLSDWLRQ FDQ EH LQ WKH IRUP RI GLUHFW FRPPXQLFDWLRQ E\ WKH SXEOLF RU WKURXJK OHJLWLPDWH
LQWHUPHGLDWHLQVWLWXWLRQVRUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHV,QDGGLWLRQ%UDJHUDQG6SHFKWDVVWDWHGLQ0DU]XNLGHILQHG
SDUWLFLSDWLRQDVµWKHPHDQVE\ZKLFKSHRSOHZKRDUHQRWHOHFWHGRUDSSRLQWHGRIILFLDOVRIDJHQFLHVDQGRIJRYHUQPHQW


&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO
E-mail address:VX]HL#\DKRRFRP

1877-0428 © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 2nd GCBSS-2015
doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.067
506 Suzie Mat Nurudin et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015) 505 – 512

LQIOXHQFHGHFLVLRQVDERXWSURJUDPVDQGSROLFLHVZKLFKDIIHFWWKHLUOLYHV¶7KHUHIRUHSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLVFLWL]HQ
HQJDJHPHQWWRZDUGVWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLRQRIORFDODXWKRULW\DIIDLUVLQYROYLQJGLVWULFWPDWWHUV7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHFLWL]HQV
ZLWKLQ WKH ORFDO JRYHUQPHQW¶V MXULVGLFWLRQ DUH JLYHQ WKH FKDQFH WR FRQWULEXWH WR WKH PDQDJHPHQW RI FHUWDLQ ORFDO
DXWKRULWLHV¶SROLF\PDNLQJDJHQGD,QHQJDJLQJWKHFLWL]HQVORFDODXWKRULWLHVZRXOGUHFHLYHLPPHGLDWHIHHGEDFNVRQ
WKHQHHGVDQGZDQWVRIWKHUHVLGHQWVUHVXOWLQJLQEHWWHUSODQQLQJDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIFLWL]HQFHQWUHGSURMHFWV7KLV
LVDZLQZLQVLWXDWLRQIRUERWKSDUWLHV%HVLGHVWKDWSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQHYLGHQFHVWKHHOHPHQWRIWUDQVSDUHQF\LQ
LPSOHPHQWLQJJRRGJRYHUQDQFHDWWKHSXEOLFRUJDQL]DWLRQV
)XUWKHUPRUHVXFFHVVIXOSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQSUDFWLFHVPD\OHDGWRDFKDQJHLQWKHFXUUHQWSURFHVVRIUHODWLYHQRQǦ
SDUWLFLSDWLRQ/RFDOUHVLGHQWVZLOOEHEHWWHULQIRUPHGRQSODQVSURJUDPVDQGSROLFLHVDVZHOODVWKHSURMHFWV%HWWHU
GHFLVLRQVDUHPDGHIURPSXEOLFFRQVXOWDWLRQDVGHFLVLRQVDUHEDVHGRQORFDOLQIRUPDWLRQDQGVRFLDODFFHSWDQFHRIWKH
SURMHFWRXWFRPHVXFKDVFLW\OD\RXWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVDPHQLWLHVDQGVHUYLFHV.QRZLQJWKDWWKHLUYRLFHVFRXQWZLOOPDNH
WKHFLWL]HQVKDSSLHUDQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHVRFLDOFRKHVLRQRUFRPPXQLW\LQWHJUDWLRQZLOOEHHQKDQFHG,GHDOO\SHRSOH
ZLOOIHHOPRUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHSURMHFWWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOTXDOLW\DQGZLOOEHHQJDJHGDQGDFWLYHLQHQYLURQPHQWDO
PRQLWRULQJDQGIROORZǦXS(QVHULQN .RSSHQMDQ
,Q0DOD\VLDWKHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRIWKHSXEOLFLQVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWHIIRUWVKDYHH[LVWHGIRUVRPHWLPHDQGKDV
RYHUIORZHGLQWRWKH/RFDO$JHQGD/$7KHDGRSWLRQRI/$LVWRFDOOIRUWKHORFDODXWKRULWLHVWRFRQVXOWWKHLU
FRPPXQLWLHV ZKHQ IRUPXODWLQJ WKH GHYHORSPHQW SODQV /HH  &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH 0DOD\VLDQ *RYHUQPHQW
UHFRJQL]HV WKDW SXEOLF SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LV DQ LQWHJUDO SDUW RI VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW DQG JRRG JRYHUQDQFH 7KURXJK
YDULRXV HIIRUWV IURP JRYHUQPHQW DJHQFLHV SXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQKDVEHFRPH DQ LPSRUWDQW HOHPHQW LQ JRYHUQPHQWDO
GHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ DQGSODQQLQJ SURFHVVHV$QXDU DQG6DUXZRQR $FFRUGLQJ WR/HH  PDQ\ WRZQV DQG
FLWLHVLQ0DOD\VLDKDYHDGRSWHG/$DVRQHRIWKHLUSODQQLQJWRROVLQFOXGLQJDVVLVWDQFHUHFHLYHGIURPWKH8QLWHG
1DWLRQV 'HYHORSPHQW 3URJUDP 81'3 6XFK FROODERUDWLRQ KDV VKRZQ SRVLWLYH RXWFRPHV IRU VRPH PXQLFLSDO
FRXQFLOVDQGQRQJRYHUQPHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQV1*2V

1.1. Problem Statement

&XVWRPHU PDQDJHPHQW E\ WKH JRYHUQPHQW LV D YHU\ FRPSOLFDWHG SURFHVV 7KH JRYHUQPHQW DJHQF\ LV D ODUJH
RUJDQL]DWLRQWKDWKDVDZLGHUDQJHRIFOLHQWVLQFOXGLQJFLWL]HQVEXVLQHVVDQGHPSOR\HHFRPPXQLWLHVDQGHPSOR\HHV
RISXEOLFRUSULYDWHVHFWRU0XKDPPDGHWDO7KHORFDOJRYHUQPHQWLQ0DOD\VLDRSHUDWHVZLWKLQDFHQWUDOL]HG
SROLWLFDOV\VWHPWKDWGRHVOLWWOHWRHQFRXUDJHDXWRQRP\RUSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQDWWKHORFDOOHYHO7KLVLVGXHWRWKH
SUDFWLFHRIWRSGRZQDSSURDFKLQVWHDGRIERWWRPXSDSSURDFK$FFRUGLQJWR3KDQJPRVWORFDOJRYHUQPHQWV
DUHVWLOOIDFLQJGLIILFXOWLHVLQHQJDJLQJWKHFRPPXQLW\EHFDXVHRIFRQVWDQWFULWLFLVPVRYHUGHOD\VSRRUDWWLWXGHZHDN
HQIRUFHPHQWDQGVWDII¶VDUURJDQFH7KHVHLQGLFDWHWKHQHHGWRHQFRXUDJHSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQDWWKHORFDOOHYHO
)XUWKHUPRUHWKHDLPRISDUWLFLSDWRU\DFWLYLWLHVLVWROHWSHRSOHEHLQYROYHLQWKHGHFLVLRQPDNLQJSURFHVV2PDU
DQG/HK+RZHYHUWKHQXPEHUVRISDUWLFLSDQWVDUHVWLOOORZLQ0DOD\VLD$FFRUGLQJWR/HHWKHOHYHORI
SDUWLFLSDQWIURPWKHJHQHUDOSXEOLFLQ0DOD\VLDLVTXLWHGLVDSSRLQWLQJDVWKHDVVXPSWLRQWKDWPRVW0DOD\VLDQVKDYH
WKHNQRZOHGJHSHUWDLQLQJWRWKHSODQQLQJSURFHVVLWVLVVXHVDQGWKHUXOHVJRYHUQLQJWKHSODQQLQJSURFHVVLVGRXEWIXO
7KHVFHQDULRRQWKHORZSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQPRVWRIWKHJRYHUQPHQW¶VSURJUDPKDVEHFRPHWKH
WUHQGLQPRVWGLVWULFWVIRUWKHRWKHUVWDWHVLQ0DOD\VLD$VDUHVXOWWKHGHJUHHRISXEOLFLQYROYHPHQWLVFRQVLGHUHGDV
YHU\ORZ7KLVUHIOHFWVWKHLQHIIHFWLYHQHVVRISXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHSODQQLQJSURFHVV
7KHUHIRUHLQSUDFWLFHSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ0DOD\VLDLVVHHQDVDEULHILQJVHVVLRQRIJRYHUQPHQWSURMHFWVWRWKHLU
ORFDOFRPPXQLWLHVUDWKHUWKDQUHDOFRQVXOWDWLRQZLWKWKHUHVSHFWLYHORFDOJRYHUQPHQW/HH7KLVLVGXHWRWKH
FKDOOHQJHVIDFHGE\WKHORFDOJRYHUQPHQWLQLQYLWLQJSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHLUFXUUHQWSUDFWLFHV+HQFHIRUWKWKH
SXUSRVH RI WKLV VWXG\ LV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH OHYHO RI SXEOLF SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV H[HFXWHG E\ WKH 6HUHPEDQ
0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO7KLVVWXG\ZLOODOVRLGHQWLI\WKHLVVXHVUHODWHGWRWKHSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVFRQGXFWHGE\
WKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOLQWKHVWDWHRI1HJHUL6HPELODQ0DOD\VLD

3XEOLF3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQ0DOD\VLD

'DVLPDK DQG /LQJ  VWDWHG WKDW WKH .XDOD /XPSXU 6WUXFWXUH 3ODQ  DSSOLHG WKH PHWKRGV RI SXEOLF
H[KLELWLRQ DQG SXEOLF KHDULQJ IRU SHRSOH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ ORFDO JRYHUQPHQW DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ )HHGEDFNV ILOHG E\ WKH
 Suzie Mat Nurudin et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015) 505 – 512 507

SXEOLFFRPSULVHGRIWKHLUYLHZVVXJJHVWLRQVUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVFRPPHQWVDQGWKHODWHVWUHODWHGLQIRUPDWLRQ7KH
VDPHSUDFWLFHKDVEHHQDSSOLHGE\RWKHUORFDODXWKRULWLHVDVOLVWHGLQ$FWWKDWDOOORFDOFRPPXQLWLHVQHHGWRUHYHDO
WKHLUORFDOSODQDQGLQYLWHWKHSXEOLFWRFRPPHQWRQLW
7KHSUDFWLFHRISXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ0DOD\VLDKDVDOVREHHQFRQGXFWHGWKURXJKSXEOLFKHDULQJVFRQVXOWDWLRQV
DQGPHHWLQJVLQLGHQWLI\LQJWKHVRFLRHFRQRPLFFRQVWUDLQWVLQWKHFRPPXQLW\DQGWRHQFRXUDJHWKHFRPPXQLWLHVWREH
LQYROYHG,Q0DOD\VLDVRPHRIWKHFLW\FRXQFLOVVXFKDV3HWDOLQJ-D\D&LW\&RXQFLOKDVFRQGXFWHGSUHEXGJHWGLDORJXH
VHVVLRQV WR GLVFXVV ZLWK WKH FRPPXQLW\ RQ WKHLU HVVHQWLDO QHHGV 7KLV HYHQW VKRZV WKDW WKH ORFDO JRYHUQPHQW LV
SUDFWLFLQJWUDQVSDUHQWDGPLQLVWUDWLRQ%HVLGHVWKDWVXUYH\VWKRXJKWKHPHGLDVXFKDVWKHQHZVSDSHUKDYHEHFRPHWKH
QRUPIRUORFDODXWKRULWLHVLQVHHNLQJWKHFRPPXQLWLHV¶IHHGEDFNV6XFKDFWLYLWLHVDUHLQOLQHZLWKWKHILUVWREMHFWLYHRQ
SXEOLFLW\RIWKH/RFDODQG6WUXFWXUH3ODQ.DPDULDKDQG'ROEDQL
7KHRWKHUODXGDEOHSUDFWLFHLVWKH6XVWDLQDEOH3HQDQJ,QLWLDWLYHODXQFKHGLQ1RYHPEHU7KHSURMHFWLQYROYHG
VHYHQ URXQGWDEOHV RQH RQ HDFK RI WKH ILYH WKUXVW DUHDV QDPHO\ HFRORJLFDO VXVWDLQDELOLW\ VRFLDO MXVWLFH HFRQRPLF
SURGXFWLYLW\FXOWXUDOYLEUDQF\DQGSRSXODUSDUWLFLSDWLRQIRUWKH0DOD\DQG&KLQHVHVSHDNLQJFRPPXQLWLHV<DSDQG
&KDWWHUMHH7KHVHURXQGWDEOHHYHQWVUHVXOWHGLQKROLVWLFGHYHORSPHQWLQGLFDWRUV7KLVSURMHFWKDVEHFRPHDQ
LQWHJUDOWRROLQWKHVWDWHGHYHORSPHQWSODQQLQJSURFHVV$QRWKHUH[DPSOHZDVWKHRQHXQGHUWDNHQE\WKH.XFKLQJ
0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOLQWKHVWDWHRI6DUDZDNLQ7KH.XFKLQJ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLODWWKDWWLPHDJUHHGWRSDUWLFLSDWH
LQWKH:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQ:+2+HDOWK\&LWLHV0RYHPHQWEHFDXVHRISUREOHPVDWVHYHUDOXUEDQVOXPVDUHDV
LQDSSURSULDWHKRXVLQJIRUZRUNHUVXQK\JLHQLFSUDFWLFHVDWZHWPDUNHWVDQGLQVXIILFLHQWGUDLQDJHUHVXOWLQJLQIODVK
IORRG<DS &KDWWHUMHH7KURXJKJRRGQHWZRUNLQJFRRSHUDWLYHDFWLRQDQGIRUPXODWLRQRIFRPPRQREMHFWLYHV
WKH.XFKLQJ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOKDVPDQDJHGWRVROYHWKHFRPPRQZRHVRIWKHFLW\WKURXJKJRRGSDUWLFLSDWLRQDPRQJ
WKHLUVWDNHKROGHUV7KLVZDVDFKLHYHGWKURXJKFRPPXQLW\LQYROYHPHQWIURPWKHHDUO\VWDJHE\DVNLQJWKHLUSUREOHPV
DQGLQYROYLQJWKHPWLOOWKHODVWVWDJHVRWKDWDOOSDUWLHVZHUHDFFRXQWDEOHIRUWKHLUDFWLRQ
,QDGGLWLRQWKH6XVWDLQDEOH7UDQVSRUW(QYLURQPHQW3HQDQJ67(3ZDVIRUPHGLQUHVSRQVHWRZRUVHQLQJWUDIILF
DQGWUDQVSRUWFRQJHVWLRQVLQ3HQDQJ<DS &KDWWHUMHH$QRWKHUJRRGH[DPSOHLVWKHRQHLPSOHPHQWHGE\WKH
3HWDOLQJ-D\D0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOWRFDWHUWRWKHQHHGVRIWKHHOGHUO\DQGGLVDEOHGSHUVRQ7KH\ZHUHSURYLGHGZLWK
IUHHVKXWWOHEXVVHUYLFHV&RQWLQXRXVLQIRUPDWLRQZHUHDLUHGRQWKHORFDOUDGLRWRDOHUWWKHPZLWKWKHVHUYLFHVSURYLGHG
$QRWKHUH[DPSOHLVWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKH6XVWDLQDEOH,QGHSHQGHQW/LYLQJ $FFHVV6,/$SURJUDPLQ3HQDQJ
<DSDQG&KDWWHUMHH7KLVJURXSHPHUJHGVSHFLILFDOO\WRFDPSDLJQIRUGLVDEOHGULJKWVDQGDFFHVVWRSXEOLF
IDFLOLWLHV 6,/$ LV D QHWZRUN RI RUJDQL]DWLRQV IRU SHRSOH ZLWK GLVDELOLWLHV IURP WKH YLVXDOO\ FKDOOHQJHG KHDULQJ
LPSDLUHGDQGPRELOLW\LPSDLUHGFLWL]HQV7LOOWRGD\WKH\DUHYHU\DFWLYHDQGVWURQJLQWKHLUDGYRFDF\ZRUN
:LWKWKHDERYHH[DPSOHVHPSRZHUHGUHVLGHQWVDUHDEOHWRLQIOXHQFHGHFLVLRQVWKDWDIIHFWWKHP2QWKHRWKHUKDQG
SDUWLFLSDWLRQLQYROYHVWKHSXEOLFLQWKHGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ1HYHUWKHOHVVHPSRZHUPHQWLVZKHQWKHFRXQFLOGHOHJDWHV
WKHGHFLVLRQPDNLQJSRZHUWRWKHSXEOLF

0HWKRGRORJ\

7KHVWXG\LQYROYHVTXDQWLWDWLYHGHVLJQDQGDSSURDFKRIDFDVHVWXG\WKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO7KHFRXQFLO
LVORFDWHGLQWKHVRXWKHUQVWDWHRI1HJHUL6HPELODQ0DOD\VLD7KHGLVWULFWRI6HUHPEDQKDVDSRSXODWLRQRI
UHVLGHQWV7KHUHIRUHWKHXQLWVRIDQDO\VLVDUHWKHUHVLGHQWVRI6HUHPEDQZLWKDSRSXODWLRQVDPSOHRIUHVLGHQWV
1 DQGDVDPSOHVL]HRIUHVLGHQWVQ 7KHLQVWUXPHQWXVHGWRFROOHFWSULPDU\GDWDLVDVXUYH\IRUP
RUTXHVWLRQQDLUH)URPWKHTXHVWLRQQDLUHVGLVWULEXWHGWRWKHUHVLGHQWVFRPSOHWHGDQGXVDEOHIRUPV
ZHUHUHWXUQHG%DVLFDOO\WKLVVWXG\XVLQJVHWRITXHVWLRQQDLUHVWRREWDLQGDWDIURPWKHUHVSRQGHQWV$WRWDORI
TXHVWLRQQDLUHV ZHUH GLVWULEXWHG DQG RQO\  ZHUH XVDEOH 7KLV VWXG\ XVHV QRQSUREDELOLW\ VDPSOLQJ PHWKRG E\
VHOHFWLQJSXUSRVLYHVDPSOLQJEHFDXVHWKHVSHFLILFVDPSOHJURXSRUUHVSRQGHQWVIRUWKHVWXG\KDVEHHQLGHQWLILHG7KH
GDWDZHUHDQDO\VHGXVLQJ6WDWLVWLFDO3DFNDJHIRU6RFLDO6FLHQFHV6366YHUVLRQ
508 Suzie Mat Nurudin et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015) 505 – 512

0HWKRGRORJ\

7KLVVHFWLRQSUHVHQWVWKHDQDO\VLVRISULPDU\DQGVHFRQGDU\GDWD7KHSULPDU\GDWDUHIHUUHGWRWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKH
TXHVWLRQQDLUHVGLVWULEXWHGWRWKHUHVLGHQWVLQ6HUHPEDQ0DOD\VLD:KLOHWKHVHFRQGDU\GDWDSUHVHQWWKHUHVXOWV
REWDLQHGIURPWKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO

Program and Activities held by Seremban Municipal Council

7KLVVHFWLRQUHSRUWVWKHSURJUDPVDQGDFWLYLWLHVRUJDQL]HGE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO%DVLFDOO\6HUHPEDQ
0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOKDGRUJDQLVHGYDULRXVDFWLYLWLHVDQGSURJUDPLQSDVWIHZ\HDUVIRUEXLOGLQJWKHLUSXEOLFLPDJH
ERRVW WKH VWDII¶V PRUDOH DQG IRVWHU WHDPZRUN EHWZHHQ ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV DQG SXEOLF 8QGHU /RFDO $JHQGD 
3URJUDPPH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOKDVGHYHORSHGDSURJUDPLQYROYHPHQWSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDQWZKLFKLVGLYLGHG
LQWRWKUHHFRPPLWWHHV7KHILUVWFRPPLWWHHLV6RFLDO3UREOHPV&RPPLWWHHVHFRQGLVHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQVHUYDWLRQDQG
WKHODVWLVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGSXEOLFIDFLOLWLHV$OOWKUHHFRPPXQLWLHVDUHYHU\HIIHFWLYHLQJLYLQJDQRSSRUWXQLW\IRUWKH
SXEOLFWRMRLQLQWKHLUSURJUDP7KLVDOVREHQHILWHGWKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOZKHUHWKH\FDQLPSURYHWKHLU
SXEOLFHQJDJHPHQW
7DEOHVVXPPDULVHVWKHDFWLYLWLHVRUJDQLVHGE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOLQWKH\HDUZKLFKFRPSULVHV
DOOWKUHHFRPPLWWHHV

7DEOH$FWLYLWLHVDQG3URJUDPV
1R &RPPLWWHH 3URJUDPV$FWLYLWLHV
 6RFLDO3UREOHP &RPPXQLW\VSRUW
 $FWLYLWLHVWKDWLQYROYHGRWKHUDJHQFLHV
*RWRQJUR\RQJ
3XEOLF,VVXHV+HDULQJ6HVVLRQ
 (QYLURQPHQWDO&RQVHUYDWLRQ:RUN )RUHVWDQG5LYHU&RQVHUYDWLRQ3URJUDPPH
 /DQGVFDSH&RXUVH
)LVKLQJ&RPSHWLWLRQ,Q&RQMXQFWLRQZLWK7DPDQ%XGD\D
&XOWXUDO3DUN2SHQLQJ
7UHH3ODQWLQJ&DPSDLJQ
 ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH$QG3XEOLF)DFLOLW\:RUN %ULHILQJ
 6WXG\YLVLW

7DEOHSUHVHQWVWKHSURJUDPVDQGDFWLYLWLHVFRQGXFWHGE\WKHFRPPLWWHHVLQWKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO
7KHVRFLDOSUREOHPFRPPLWWHHFRQGXFWHGYDULRXVSURJUDPVVXFKDVFRPPXQLW\VSRUW7KHREMHFWLYHRI&RPPXQLW\
VSRUWVLVWREXLOGUHSREHWZHHQVWDIIDQGDOOWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW\LQWKH6HUHPEDQYDOOH\0RVWSURJUDPVUXQE\WKH
6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOLVDQDQQXDOSURJUDPVXFKDVWKHUHVLGHQW7URSK\)XWVDO<'37URSK\6HSDN7DNUDZ
<'37URSK\1HWEDOODQG<'37URSK\+RFNH\$VDPXOWLFXOWXUHFRXQWU\WKHFRPPXQLW\VSRUWVEHWZHHQ6HUHPEDQ
0XQLFLSDO &RXQFLO DQG ORFDO SHRSOH FDQ VWUHQJWKHQ WKH XQLW\ DPRQJ WKH PXOWLUDFLDO FRPPXQLW\ DQG FUHDWH
EURWKHUKRRGDPRQJHDFKRWKHU%HVLGHWKDW6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLODOVRKDVFRPHRXWZLWKVHYHUDOFRPPXQLW\
SURJUDPV ZLWK WKH PDLQ REMHFWLYH LV WR UDLVH DZDUHQHVV DQG JLYH FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WKH VRFLHW\ 6HUHPEDQ 0XQLFLSDO
&RXQFLODOZD\VFRPPLWWHGLQKHOSLQJSXEOLFLQJLYLQJWUDLQLQJPRWLYDWLRQDQGFRXQVHOLQJ)RUDQH[DPSOH5HPDMD
%DKDJLD&DPSLVDSURJUDPWKDWEHLQJRUJDQL]HGE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLORQ-XQHLQFROODERUDWLRQZLWK
&RPPXQLW\ ZHOIDUH 'HSDUWPHQW <RXWK DQG 6SRUWV &KDLUPDQ ,VODPLF 5HOLJLRXV &RXQFLO 1HJHUL 6HPELODQ ZKLFK
PDLQO\IRFXVLQJRQ\RXWKZKRKDGSUREOHPVLQWKHLUOLIH1RZDGD\V\RXWKDUHH[SRVLQJZLWKVRFLDOOLIHDQGIUHHVH[
WKDWOHDGWKHPWREDE\GXPSLQJDVDUHVXOWRIVH[EHIRUHPDUULDJH7KLVSURJUDPDLPVWRSURYLGHJXLGDQFHWRWKH
\RXWKVRQKRZWRLQWHUDFWDPRQJHDFKRWKHUHVSHFLDOO\LQVHOHFWLQJOLIHSDUWQHUV,QDGGLWLRQ³*RWRQJ5R\RQJ´LVDQ
DQQXDOSURJUDPWKDWEHLQJFRQGXFWHGE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO,WLVDJRRGSURJUDPPHEHFDXVHLWKHOSVSXEOLF
EXLOGLQJDZDUHQHVVLQNHHSLQJWKHKRXVLQJSDUN¶VFOHDQOLQHVVZLWKWKHORFDOV¶FRRSHUDWLRQ
,QDGGLWLRQSXEOLFKHDULQJVHVVLRQLVRQHRIWKHLPSRUWDQWSURJUDPVFRQGXFWHGE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO
LQ/RFDO$JHQGD,WLVXQGHUWKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI6RFLDO3UREOHPV&RPPLWWHH7KLVVHVVLRQSURYLGHLQIRUPDWLRQ
 Suzie Mat Nurudin et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015) 505 – 512 509

DERXW SXEOLF SUREOHPV LQ 6HUHPEDQ YDOOH\ 6HUHPEDQ 0XQLFLSDO &RXQFLO ZLOO KHDU DOO WKH LVVXHV IDFHG E\ WKH
FRPPXQLW\VRWKDWWKH\FDQEHUHVROYHGLPPHGLDWHO\,QDGGLWLRQWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOSURJUDPVJDYHDQRSSRUWXQLW\WR
SURPRWHWKHLQWHUHVWIRUQDWXUHDGYHQWXUHVSRUWVDQGKHDOWK\OLIHVW\OHWRWKHORFDOSXEOLFDQGWRSURPRWH6HUHPEDQ
DUHDDVDSODFHIRUHFRIULHQGO\HQYLURQPHQW,WDOVRHQFRXUDJHVFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQSXEOLFDQGSULYDWHVHFWRUWR
SURPRWHKHDOWK\HQYLURQPHQWLQ6HUHPEDQYDOOH\
2QWKHRWKHUKDQG3XEOLF)DFLOLW\ZRUNLQJFRPPLWWHHDLPVWRSURYLGHEULHILQJH[SRVXUHDVZHOODVLQIRUPDWLRQ
DERXWQHZLQIUDVWUXFWXUHWKDWZLOOEHLPSOHPHQWHGLQ6HUHPEDQ'LVFORVXUHVRIVXFKLQIRUPDWLRQDUHJRRGWRSXEOLF
DQGPDNHV6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLODVDIOH[LEOHDQGWUDQVSDUHQW&RXQFLOWRDOOFRPPLWWHHPHPEHUVDQGSXEOLF
7KLVSURJUDPJLYHVSXEOLFH[SRVXUHWRJHWWKHLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHZRUNFDUULHGRXWE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO
IURPWLPHWRWLPH

Result

7DEOH5HVSRQGHQW¶V3URILOH

'HPRJUDSK\ )UHTXHQF\ 3HUFHQWDJH

*HQGHU
0DOH  
)HPDOH  
$JH\HDUVROG
  
  
  
  
  
DQGDERYH  
5DFH
0DOD\V  
&KLQHVH  
,QGLDQ  
2WKHUV  
$UHD
6HQDZDQJ  
5DVDK  
6HUHPEDQ  
6HUHPEDQ  
6LNDPDW  
$PSDQJDQ  
3DURL  
510 Suzie Mat Nurudin et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015) 505 – 512

7DEOHVKRZVWKHUHVSRQGHQWV¶IUHTXHQF\GLVWULEXWLRQDFFRUGLQJWRJHQGHUDJHDQGUDFH0RVWRIWKH
UHVSRQGHQWVDUHIURPIHPDOHWKDWDUHFRPSDUHGWRPDOHUHVSRQGHQWV7KHUHVSRQGHQWVDUHDOVRIURP
YDULRXVDJHJURXSVPRVWDUHIURP\HDUVJURXSDWIROORZHGE\\HDUVDW\HDUVDW
\HDUVDW\HDUVDWDQGDQGDERYHDW7KHUHDUHWKUHHPDMRUUDFHV
LQYROYHGLQWKLVVWXG\ZKLFKDUHWKH0DOD\V&KLQHVHDQG,QGLDQ7KHIUHTXHQF\LVDUH0DOD\VDUH
,QGLDQDUH&KLQHVHDQGLVRWKHUUDFH0DMRULW\RIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVDUHIURP6HQDZDQJDUHDFRPSULVHRI
IROORZHGE\5DVDK6HUHPEDQ6HUHPEDQ6LNDPDW$PSDQJDQDQG3DURLFRQVWLWXWHGE\
DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\

7DEOH8QGHUVWDQGLQJRI3XEOLF3DUWLFLSDWLRQ

6FDOH )UHTXHQF\ 3HUFHQWDJH

6WURQJO\8QGHUVWDQG  
8QGHUVWDQG  
1RW8QGHUVWDQG  
6WURQJO\1RW8QGHUVWDQG  
7RWDO  

)LJ,QYROYHPHQWLQ6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO¶V3URJUDPV

7KHDQDO\VLVRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQWRZDUGVDFWLYLWLHVRUJDQL]HGE\WKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO
&RXQFLOLVVKRZQLQ7DEOH7KHUHVXOWVKRZVWKDWPDMRULW\RIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVXQGHUVWDQGWKHFRQFHSWRI
SXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHSURJUDPVRUJDQL]HGE\WKHORFDODXWKRULW\)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVWKHQXPEHUVRIUHVSRQGHQWV
WKDW LQYROYHG LQ WKH 6HUHPEDQ 0XQLFLSDO &RXQFLO¶V SURJUDPV ,W ZDV IRXQG WKDW RQO\  RI WKH UHVSRQGHQWV
SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ WKH SURJUDPV RUJDQL]HG E\ 6HUHPEDQ 0XQLFLSDO &RXQFLO 2XW RI   RI WKH UHVSRQGHQWV
DWWHQGHGWRWLPHVRIWKHORFDODXWKRULW\¶VSURJUDPVIROORZHGE\RIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVDWWHQGHGWRWLPHVRI
WKHSURJUDPVDQGRQO\RIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVDWWHQGHGPRUHWKDQWLPHVRIWKHSURJUDPV

7DEOH/HYHORI3XEOLF3DUWLFLSDWLRQ

3URJUDPV )UHTXHQF\ 3HUFHQWDJH

&DPSDLJQWKDWSURPRWHFOHDQOLQHVVVXFKDVµJRWRQJUR\RQJ¶  
&DPSDLJQUHODWHGZLWKQDWXUHVXFKVHPLQDUGHEDWHWDONIRUXP  
SURJUDP³&LQWDLODK6XQJDL.LWD´
 Suzie Mat Nurudin et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015) 505 – 512 511

6DIHW\&LW\3URJUDP  

'LDORJXH  
/RFDO$JHQGD/$3URJUDP  
+HDOWK&LW\3URJUDP  

7DEOHH[SODLQVWKHOHYHORIWKHSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHSURJUDPVRUJDQL]HGE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO
7KHSURJUDPVWKDWXVXDOO\ORFDOSHRSOHSDUWLFLSDWHGDUHFDPSDLJQWKDWSURPRWHVFOHDQOLQHVVVXFKDVµJRWRQJUR\RQJ¶
FDPSDLJQUHODWHGZLWKQDWXUHVDIHW\FLW\SURJUDPGLDORJXH/$SURJUDPDQGKHDOWK\FLW\SURJUDP0RVWRIWKHP
DUHLQYROYHGLQWKHVRFDOOHGµJRWRQJUR\RQJ¶DFWLYLWLHVLQGLFDWHGIROORZHGE\HQYLURQPHQWIULHQGO\SURJUDP
VXFKDVVHPLQDUGHEDWHIRUXPUHODWHGZLWKWKHQDWXUHFRQVLVWHGRI,QDGGLWLRQRIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVDUH
SDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHGLDORJXHEHWZHHQORFDODXWKRULW\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLODQGORFDOSHRSOH'LDORJXHLVD
SODWIRUPIRUWKHORFDOSHRSOHWRVKDUHWKHLUSUREOHPVRSHQGLVFXVVLRQEXGJHWGLVFXVVLRQDQGHWF
)XUWKHUPRUHWKLVVWXG\IRXQGWKDWWKHGLVVHPLQDWLRQRILQIRUPDWLRQUHJDUGLQJWKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO
SURJUDPVWRWKHORFDOSHRSOHLVWKHPRVWSURPLQHQWLVVXHVUHJDUGLQJZLWKWKHSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHSURJUDPV
RUJDQL]HGE\WKLVORFDODXWKRULW\,WPHDQVWKDWWKHORFDOSHRSOHGLGQRWUHDOL]HRUDZDUHDERXWWKHSURJUDPVGXHWRWKH
ODFN RI LQIRUPDWLRQ 2WKHU LVVXHV DUH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ RI WKH ORFDO SHRSOH LQ WKH ORFDO DXWKRULW\ SURJUDPV DQG OLPLWHG
SURJUDPVRUJDQL]HGE\WKDWFRXQFLO

0HWKRGRORJ\

,QGHWHUPLQLQJWKHOHYHORISXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHDFWLYLWLHVH[HFXWHGE\WKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOWKH
ILQGLQJVIURPWKHVWXG\KDYHLQGLFDWHGWKDWPDMRULW\RIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVDUHVRPHZKDWWRDFHUWDLQH[WHQWXQGHUVWDQG
WKH FRQFHSW RI SXEOLF SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ WKH SURJUDPV RUJDQL]HG E\ WKH 6HUHPEDQ 0XQLFLSDO &RXQFLO 7KH SXEOLF
QRUPDOO\LQYROYHGLQWKHµJRWRQJUR\RQJ¶DFWLYLWLHVDQGDVPDOOQXPEHURIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVDUHSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKH
GLDORJXH EHWZHHQ ORFDO DXWKRULW\ DQG SXEOLF +RZHYHU LQ WHUP RI SDUWLFLSDWLRQ WKH UHVSRQGHQWV DUH VHOGRP
SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQWKHSURJUDPVRUJDQL]HGE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO7RUHIOHFWRQWKHLVVXHVUHODWHGWRWKHSXEOLF
SDUWLFLSDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVFRQGXFWHGE\WKH6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOWKHVWXG\KDVSRLQWHGRXWWKDWWKHREVWDFOHVRI
SXEOLF SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ 6HUHPEDQ 0XQLFLSDO &RXQFLO FRPLQJ IURPWKH OLPLWHG GLVVHPLQDWLRQ RI LQIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH
SURJUDP/RFDOSHRSOHFODLPHGWKDWWKH\GLGQRWDZDUHRIWKHSURJUDPVRUJDQL]HGE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO
7KHVWXG\DOVRUHYHDOHGWKHIDFWWKDWWKHFDSDFLW\RISXEOLFWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKHSURJUDPLVRQHRIWKHFRQWULEXWLQJ
IDFWRUV
,WLVWKHUHIRUHVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKHLVVXHRISXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQFDQEHUHVROYHE\6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOE\
ZD\WRGHWHUPLQHWKHEHVWPHDQVWRUHDFKWKHSXEOLFWRLQIRUPWKHPDQGWRDWWUDFWWKHPWRSDUWLFLSDWHZLWKWKHDFWLYLWLHV
DQG SURJUDP FRQGXFWHG E\ WKH FRXQFLO 7KH OLPLWDWLRQ RI WKLV VWXG\ RQO\ FRYHUV SXEOLF SDUWLFLSDWLRQ SURFHVV DW
6HUHPEDQ0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO$VDVXJJHVWLRQIRUIXUWKHUUHVHDUFKDVWXG\ZLWKLQVLPLODUILHOGFDQEHWDUJHWHGE\
EURDGHQLQJWKHVFDOHE\ZD\RIFRYHUVHYHU\SDUWRI0DOD\VLD)XWXUHUHVHDUFKFRXOGDOVRVWXG\LQJZK\SXEOLFUDUHO\
SDUWLFLSDWHLQWKHSURJUDPFRQGXFWHGE\FRXQFLO

$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV

7KHUHVHDUFKSURMHFWLVIXQGHGE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQ0DOD\VLDWKURXJKWKH5HVHDUFK$FFXOWXUDWLRQ*UDQW
6FKHPH 5HI 5$*6668,70 7KH UHVHDUFKHUV ZRXOG DOVR OLNH WR WKDQN WKH VWDII DW WKH 6HUHPEDQ
0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLOIRUWKHLUFRRSHUDWLRQWRZDUGVWKHVXFFHVVRIWKLVSURMHFW

5HIHUHQFHV

$QXDU0,10 6DUXZRQR02EVWDFOHVRISXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHGHVLJQSURFHVVRISXEOLFSDUNVJournal of Asian Behavioral

Studies
%XFFXV,+HPVRQ'+LFNV- 3LSHU/0D\3XEOLF3DUWLFLSDWLRQDQG/RFDO*RYHUQDQFH5HVHDUFKUHSRUWSUHSDUHGE\7KH&HQWUHIRU
3XEOLF3DUWLFLSDWLRQ&33LQDVVRFLDWLRQZLWK+XPDQ6FLHQFH5HVHDUFK&RXQFLO+65&DQGWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI.ZD=XOX1DWDO8.=1
512 Suzie Mat Nurudin et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015) 505 – 512

&XSSHQ0%URHNKDQV% (QVHULQN%3XEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ(,$DQGDWWLWXGHIRUPDWLRQImpact Assessment and Project Appraisal


(QVHULQN% .RSSHQMDQ-)3XEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ&KLQDVXVWDLQDEOHXUEDQL]DWLRQDQGJRYHUQDQFHManagement of Environmental
Quality: An International Journal±
/HH*%*RYHUQDQFHDQGDFFRXQWDELOLW\LQ6RXWKHDVW$VLDQFLWLHVUrbanization in Southeast Asia: Issues & Impacts
0DU]XNL$$UHYLHZRQSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWLQ0DOD\VLDTheoretical and Empirical Researches in
Urban Management
0XKDPPDG=0DVURQ7 0DMLG$$/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW6HUYLFH(IILFLHQF\3XEOLF3DUWLFLSDWLRQ0DWWHUVInternational Journal of
Social Science and Humanity
1RRL36'HFHQWUDOLVDWLRQRU5HFHQWUDOLVDWLRQ"7UHQGVLQORFDOJRYHUQPHQWLQ0DOD\VLDCommonwealth Journal of Local Government

2PDU'% /HK2/+0DOD\VLDQGHYHORSPHQWSODQQLQJV\VWHP.XDOD/XPSXUVWUXFWXUHSODQDQGSXEOLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQAsian Social
ScienceS
5R\ .&  7LVGHOO &$  ³*RRG *RYHUQDQFH LQ 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW WKH ,PSDFW RI ,QVWLWXWLRQV´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI 6RFLDO
(FRQRPLFV9RO1RSS