Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

BDwbU- 3
†kªwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbv
Awa‡ekb- 1 : †kªwYK‡¶i web¨vm I iywUb
Awa‡ekb- 2 AskMÖnYg~jK wk¶Y-wkLb c×wZi e¨envi
Awa‡ekb- 3 cvVcwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi `¶Zv

133
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

134
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

BDwbU- 3 Awa‡ekb- 1

†kªwYK‡¶i web¨vm I i“wUb

f~wgKv
we`¨vjq‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z we`¨vjqM„n Acwinvh©| we`¨vjqM„n Qvov wk¶Y-
wkLb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv m¤¢e bq| we`¨vjqM„‡n wewfbœ eqm I †kªwYi Dc‡hvMx
†kªwYK¶ _v‡K| wk¶K wn‡m‡e Avcbv‡`i †kªwYK‡¶i web¨vm, we`¨vj‡qi †kªwY e¨e¯’vcbv
I iywUb m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf Ki‡Z n‡e| wk¶K wn‡m‡e Avcbv‡`i iywUb ˆZwi Kiv
Rvb‡Z n‡e| KviY iywUb we`¨vj‡qi GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Ask `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| iywUb‡K
we`¨vj‡qi GKv‡WwgK Kg©Kv‡Ûi ürwcÛ ejv nq| Av‡jvP¨ Awa‡ek‡b 6wU c‡e©
†kªwYK‡¶i cÖPwjZ KvR¸‡jv, †kªwYK‡¶i web¨vm I KvR¸‡jv Kvh©Ki Kivi Abykxjb,
Kvh©Ki †kªwY e¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv kbv³KiY, Kvh©Ki †kªwY e¨e¯’vcbvi †gŠwjK
†KŠkj¸‡jvi Abykxjb, we`¨vj‡qi iywUb cÖYq‡bi myweav¸‡jv I iywUb cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv
msµvš— Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 †kªwYK‡¶i cÖPwjZ KvR¸‡jv (Routine Work) kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †kªwYK‡¶i web¨vm I KvR¸‡jv Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Kvh©Ki †kªwYe¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Kvh©Ki †kªwYe¨e¯’vcbvi †gŠwjK †KŠkj¸‡jvi Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 we`¨vj‡q iywUb cÖYq‡bi myweav¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 we`¨vj‡q iywUb cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv¸‡jv wjwce× Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cv‡Vi ïiy‡Z †PvL eÜ K‡i wbR GjvKvi GKwU we`¨vj‡qi †kªwYK¶ `„k¨vwqZ Kiyb|
we`¨vjqwU wK GKK †RÛvi bv wgkª †RÛv‡ii? wk¶v_©x‡`i Kx wbq‡g †kªwYK‡¶ Avmb eÈb
Kiv nq? Avcwb †kªwYK‡¶ `k©K wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z n‡j Avmb eÈb wPÎwU wk¶vweÁvbm¤§Z
wKbv ejyb|

135
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

ce©- K: cÖPwjZ KvR¸‡jv kbv³KiY

cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, Dc‡i GKwU Qwe †`L‡Z cv‡”Qb| ejyb †Zv GUv wK‡mi Qwe? nu¨v, GUv
GKUv †kªwYK‡¶i Qwe| †kªwYK¶ m¤ú‡K© †Zv Avgv‡`i mK‡jiB Kg‡ewk aviYv Av‡Q|
KviY †kªwYK‡¶ e‡m covïbv K‡iB Avgiv eo n‡qwQ| GLb Avcwb `~iwk¶Y c×wZ‡Z
covïbv Ki‡Qb| wKš‘ GLbI Avcwb ïµev‡i wbw`©ó ÷vwW †m›Uv‡i G‡m wbw`©ó †kªwYK‡¶
e‡m cVb-cvVb KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Qb| ZvB †kªwYK¶ Avgv‡`i mevi Kv‡QB Lye cwiwPZ|

KvR- 1
 wcÖq cÖwk¶Yv_©x, †kªwYK¶ Ges †kªwYe¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi aviYv Avcbvi LvZvq
wjLyb|

KvR- 2
cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, †kªwYK‡¶i KZ¸‡jv cÖPwjZ KvR Av‡Q †h¸‡jv Qvov wk¶Y Kvh©µg
djcÖm~ n‡e bv| Avcwb Avcbvi wUD‡Uvwiqvj K¬v‡m AskMÖnY K‡i ev Av‡M wk¶v_©x
_vKvKvjxb mg‡q Avcbvi wk¶K‡K †kªwYK‡¶ †h me KvR Ki‡Z †`‡L‡Qb †m¸‡jvi
GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiyb|

136
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

ce©- L: †kªwYK‡¶i web¨vm I cÖPwjZ KvR¸‡jv Kvh©Ki Kivi

Abykxjb

KvR- 1
cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, wb‡Pi QKwU‡Z †kªwYK‡¶ cÖPwjZ KvR¸‡jv wjwce× Ki“b|
aiY †kªwYK‡¶i KvR
cv‡Vi ïiy  wk¶v_©xi Dcw¯’wZ hvPvB Kiv




cvV PjvKvjxb mgq  wk¶v_©xi g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y





cvV mgvwß  †kªYxK¶ cwi®‹vi I cwi”Qbœ ivLv





KvR- 2
a g‡b Kiyb, Avcwb GKRb wk¶K| †kªwYK‡¶ cvV PjvKvjxb mg‡q Avcwb Kxfv‡e †kªwY
e¨e¯’vcbv Ki‡eb? ‡m m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi LvZvq wjLyb|

ce©- M: Kvh©Ki †kªwYe¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv wPwýZKiY


cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, wk¶v_©x‡`i Kv‡Q wkLb‡K AvKl©Yxq I ¯’vqx Kivi Rb¨ wk¶K wn‡m‡e
Avcbv‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, GB e¨e¯’v¸‡jv‡K †kªwYe¨e¯’vcbv e‡j|
†kªwYe¨e¯’vcbv‡K Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi †KŠkj Av‡Q| GB †KŠkj¸‡jv‡K
Avgiv Pvi fv‡M fvM Ki‡Z cvwi, h_v
 †kªwYK¶ mw¾ZKi‡Yi †KŠkj|
 cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj|
 mnvqK wkLb mvgMÖx e¨env‡ii †KŠkj|

137
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

 wkLb-‡kLv‡bv e¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj|

KvR- 1
†kªwY e¨e¯’vcbvi welq¸‡jv co–b Ges welq evQvB K‡i MÖycwfwËK wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY
Ki“b|
†kªwYK‡¶ ch©vß Av‡jv-evZvm, wk¶v_©xi Dcw¯’wZ, Avmb web¨vm, wkLb mvgMÖx weZiY,
Avb›``vqK cwi‡ek m„wó, DcKiY e¨envi, wk¶‡Ki Pjv‡div, wk¶Y c×wZ cÖ‡qvM,
PK‡evW© ¯’vcb, †kªwYK‡¶ cÖ‡ek I Z¨vM, g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y, cÖkœKiY, DËi Av`vq, wkLY
mvgMÖx msi¶Y, AbvKvw•¶Z AvPiY|

†kªwYK¶ cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vcbv wkLb mvgMÖxi wkLb-‡kLv‡bv

mw¾ZKiY †KŠkj e¨envi †KŠkj e¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj

ce©- N: iywUb cÖYq‡bi myweav


wcÖq cÖwk¶Yv_©x, we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi mgqvbycvwZK e›Ub ZvwjKv n‡jv i“wUb|
we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ iywUb Acwinvh©| iywUb Qvov wk¶‡Ki c‡¶ wk¶Y Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv
m¤¢e bq| iywUb‡K we`¨vj‡qi ürwcÛ e‡j| iywU‡bi gva¨‡g †Kvb Kg© w`e‡m †Kvb †kªwY‡Z
†Kvb mg‡q †Kvb wk¶K `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb Zv wba©viY Kiv hvq| G Qvov †Kvb †kªwYi
wk¶v_©xiv †Kvb wk¶‡Ki Kv‡Q †Kvb wel‡q wk¶v jvf Ki‡e Ges cVb-cvVb Kvh©µ‡gi
gv‡S KZ¶Y weiwZ _vK‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv hvq| cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶K †Kvb K‡¶ †Kvb w`b,
KZUzKz mgq, †Kvb welq cov‡eb Zvi ˆ`bw›`b wnmvemn GK mßv‡ni cy‡iv wnmve _v‡K
iywU‡b| ZvB iywUb‡K we`¨vj‡qi GKv‡WwgK Kg©Kv‡Ûi ürwcÛ e‡j| ürwcÛ †hgb †MvUv
kix‡ii me Kvh©µg wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbv K‡i iywUb †Zgwb we`¨vj‡qi me Kv‡Ri cwiPvjK
I wbqš¿K|

KvR- 1
 iywU‡bi gva¨‡g we`¨vj‡qi wk¶Y-wkLb Kv‡R Kx Kx myweav nq Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi

138
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

Kiyb|

ce©- O: iywUb cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv


cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, we`¨vj‡qi iywUb ˆZwi Kivi mgq wk¶K, wk¶v_©x, cvV¨welq Ges ¯‹z‡ji
Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab cÖ‡qvRb| cvV¨ wel‡qi ¸iyZ¡, cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi Rb¨ mgq wba©viY,
cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgq cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i iywUb ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
i“wUb ˆZwi Kivi mgq cÖ_‡g mg‡qi K_v we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| mßv‡n ¯‹zj mgq wK
cwigvY cvIqv hv‡e †m Abyhvqx Avcbv‡K iywUb ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| cvV¨ wel‡qi ¸iyZ¡
Abymv‡i welq¸‡jvi µgweb¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e| KwVb welq¸‡jv weiwZi Av‡M w`‡Z n‡e|
KviY G mgq Zv‡`i gb m‡ZR _v‡K| G Qvov iywUb ˆZwi Kivi mgq †gvU wcwiq‡Wi
msL¨v, wk¶v_©x‡`i eq‡mi K_vI gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e|

KvR- 1
a wcÖq cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, Avcbvi we`¨vj‡qi mßg †kªwYi Rb¨ GKwU iywUb ˆZwi Kiyb|

139
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

g~j wkLbxq welq

 †kªwYK¶: we`¨vj‡q Kvh©Kifv‡e wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ †kªwYK‡¶i
¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| †kªwYK¶ n‡”Q we`¨vj‡qi Ggb GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’vb †hLv‡b GKwU
wbw`©ó ¯—‡ii wk¶v_©xiv wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ Zv‡`i Rb¨ wbw`©ó wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b
covïbv K‡i|
 †kªwYe¨e¯’vcbv: we`¨vjq cwiPvjbvq †kªwYe¨e¯’vcbv AZ¨šÍ ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| wk¶K
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb‡K AvKl©Yxq, ¯’vqx I djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡ib
Zv‡K †kªwYe¨e¯’vcbv e‡j|
 GKRb wk¶K‡K †kªwYK‡¶ wbgœwjwLZ iywUb KvR Ki‡Z n‡e:
 wk¶v_©x‡`i Avmb web¨vm Kiv|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i Dcw¯’wZ †iKW© Kiv|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv|
 †kªwY‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖ‡ek wbqš¿Y Kiv|
 PK‡ev‡W©i e¨envi Kiv|
 cv‡Vi ïiy‡Z †kªwY wbqš¿Y Kiv|
 cv‡Vi g‡a¨ †kªwYi g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv|
 wk¶Y mvgMÖx e›Ub Kiv|
 wk¶Y mvgMÖx msMÖn Kiv|
 wk¶v DcKiY e¨envi Kiv|
 cÖ‡kœvËi c‡e© wk¶v_©x‡`i mwµq ivLv|
 †kªwY ch©‡e¶Y Kiv|
 wkL‡b AvMÖn m„wó Kiv|
 †kªwYK‡¶i cÖPwjZ KvR¸‡jv:
GK bR‡i †kªwYK‡¶i cÖPwjZ KvR¸‡jv
cv‡Vi ïiy  wk¶v_©xi Dcw¯’wZ
 †kªwY‡Z wk¶v_©xi Avmb e¨e¯’v
 Kzkj wewbgq
 cv‡Vi DcKiY
 wk¶v_©xi wRwbmcÎ e¨e¯’vcbv
cvV PjvKvjxb  wk¶v_©xi g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y
 wk¶v DcKiY e¨envi
 cÖ‡kœvËi c‡e© wk¶v_©xi mvov

140
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

 wk¶v_©x‡`i Kg©Zrci I mwµq ivLv

 wbivcËv ixwZ
cvV mgvwß  †kªwY cwi®‹vi
 wkLb mvgMÖx
 wk¶‡Ki we`vqx ï‡f”Qv

†kªwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj

(K) †kªwYK¶ mvRv‡bvi †KŠkj:
 ch©vß Av‡jv-evZv‡mi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
 †kªwYK‡¶i AvqZb|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i emvi Dc‡hvMx AvmevecÎ|
 PK‡ev‡W©i mwVK ¯’vcb|
 DcKiY ¸wQ‡q ivLv|
 wbwiwewj cwi‡ek|
 ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cwi‡ek|
(L) cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj:
 wk¶v_©x‡`i Dcw¯’wZ †iKW© Kiv|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i †kªwYK‡¶ cÖ‡e‡ki wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv|
 K¬vk ïiyi c~‡e©, PjvKvjxb Ges cv‡Vi †k‡l wk¶v_©x‡`i AvPiY ch©‡e¶Y
Kiv|
 AbvKvw•¶Z AvPiY wbqš¿Y Kiv|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i Avmb e¨e¯’v|
 wbqwgZ nvwRiv ch©‡e¶Y Kiv|
 GKK, †Rvov I `jxq Kv‡R wk¶v_©x‡`i wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv|
(M) mnvqK wkLb mvgMÖx e¨env‡ii †KŠkj:
 cvV mswkøó wkLb mvgMÖx cÖ¯‘Z Kiv|
 cvV mswkøó wkLb mvgMÖx msMÖn Kiv|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ cvVmvgMÖx e›Ub Kiv|
 cv‡Vi †k‡l wkLb mvgMÖx †diZ Avbv|
 wkLb mvgMÖx msi¶Y Kiv|
 wk¶Y msµvšÍ mKj m¤ú‡`i e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv|
(N) wkLb †kLv‡bvi e¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj:
 †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶‡Ki Ae¯’vb I Pjv‡div|

141
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

 †kªwYK‡¶ Avb›``vqK cwi‡ek m„wó|

 cvVmswkøó Dchy³ c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
 wkL‡b AvMÖn m„wó Kiv|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i Kg©Zrci ivLv|
 cvV mswkøó DcKiY e¨envi|
 cÖkœKi‡Y mwVK †KŠkj AbymiY Kiv|
 myôzfv‡e PK‡evW© e¨envi Kiv|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`Iqv|
 AwaK wk¶v_©x m¤^wjZ †kªwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi †KŠkj AbymiY Kiv|

i“wUb
we`¨vj‡qi cÖPwjZ wk¶v e¨e¯’vq GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ wbw`©ó wk¶vµg †kl Ki‡Z
nq| wk¶vµg Qvov eZ©gv‡b bvbv ai‡bi mnwk¶vµwgK KvRI we`¨vjq‡K wbw`©ó mg‡qi
g‡a¨ †kl Ki‡Z nq| ZvB we`¨vj‡qi KvR mywbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ mym¤úbœ Ki‡Z c~e©
cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvRb| wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ wbw`©ó wk¶vµg Kxfv‡e †kl Kiv hvq Ges †m
m‡½ we`¨vj‡qi Ab¨vb¨ eû KvR mym¤úbœ Kiv hvq †mB wjwLZ cwiKíbv‡K iywUb e‡j|

m¤¢ve¨ DËi

ce©- K
KvR- 1
†kªwYK¶:
†kªwYK¶ n‡”Q we`¨vj‡qi GKwU wbw`©ó K¶ †h K‡¶ e‡m GKwU wbw`©ó ¯—‡ii wbw`©ó
wk¶v_©xiv wbw`©ó wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b cVb-cvVb Kvh©µg m¤úbœ K‡i|

†kªwY e¨e¯’vcbv:
wk¶v_©xi wbKU wkLb‡K AvKl©Yxq, Avb›``vqK I ¯’vqx Kivi Rb¨ Ges †kªwYK‡¶ myôz
cwi‡ek m„wó Kivi Rb¨ wk¶K †h mKj †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡ib Zv‡K †kªwY e¨e¯’vcbv
e‡j|

142
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

KvR- 2
 wk¶v_©xi Dcw¯’wZ †iKW© Kiv
 wk¶v_©xi †kªwYK‡¶ cÖ‡ek
 Avmb web¨vm
 ï‡f”Qv wewbgq
 †kªwYK‡¶i Av‡jv-evZvm
 wk¶‡Ki Pjv‡div
 mnvqK cvVmvgMÖx weZiY
 †kªwY wbqš¿Y
 wk¶v_©xi g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y
 Dc¯’vcb
 `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `j MVb Kiv
 PK‡evW© e¨envi Kiv
 cÖ‡kœvˇi mvnvh¨ Kiv
 wkLb mvgMÖx msMÖn
 AbvKvw•¶Z AvPiY wbqš¿Y Kiv
 cvV †k‡l †kªwYK¶ Z¨v‡Mi mgq PK‡evW© cwi®‹vi Kiv|

ce©- L
KvR- 1
wb‡R Kiyb|
KvR- 1
wb‡R Kiyb|

ce©- M
KvR- 1
wb‡R Kiyb|

143
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

ce©- N
KvR- 1

iywUb cÖYq‡bi myweav

 wba©vwiZ mg‡q we`¨vj‡qi me Kvh©µg Ges wk¶vµg mgvß Kiv m¤¢e nq|
 iywU‡b cÖwZw`‡bi Kg© weeiY †`Iqv _v‡K e‡j wk¶K I wk¶v_©x cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q
Avm‡Z cv‡i|
 cvV eȇbi fvimvg¨ i¶v Kiv m¤¢e nq|
 wk¶K I wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ c×wZMZ KvR Kivi gvbwmKZv eRvq _v‡K|
 wk¶K I wk¶v_©x‡`i wbqgvbyewZ©Zv, k„•Ljv‡eva, Kg©vf¨vm e„w× cvq|
 mviv eQi wk¶K I wk¶v_©x‡`i Kg©Zrci iv‡L|
 wk¶K‡`i duvwK †`Iqvi cÖeYZv n«vm cvq|
iywUb cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv
iywUb n‡”Q we`¨vj‡qi wØZxq Nwo| gvby‡li ürwc‡Ûi gZ we`¨vj‡qi mgqm~wP GB iywU‡bi
gva¨‡g †NvlYv Kiv nq| iywUb cÖYq‡bi mgq wKQy bxwZgvjv AbymiY Ki‡Z nq|
bxwZgvjv¸‡jv n‡”Q
 wk¶vi j¶¨ I wk¶vµg ev¯Íevq‡bi RvZxq bxwZi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L iywUb cÖYqb Ki‡Z
n‡e|
 mswkøó wel‡qi ¸iyZ¡, KvwV‡b¨i w`‡K j¶¨ †i‡L we`¨vj‡q †m wel‡q mvßvwnK
wcwiq‡Wi msL¨v wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 mKj wk¶K‡K mgvbfv‡e `vwqZ¡ eÈb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 iywU‡b mßv‡ni cÖ_g I †kl w`b A‡c¶vK…Z †mvRv welq¸‡jv ivL‡Z n‡e|
 wk¶K‡`i K¬v‡mi g‡a¨ M¨vc w`‡Z n‡e| †Kvb wk¶‡Ki ci ci hv‡Z K¬vm bv _v‡K
†mw`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
 iywU‡b cÖwZw`b GK bvMv‡o `xN© mgq weiwZ bv w`‡q Aí Aí K‡i `yÕevi weiwZ †`Iqv
DwPZ|
 cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶‡Ki wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv, AwfÁZv I cÖwk¶‡Yi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i welq
e›U‡bi gva¨‡g iywUb ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ hv‡Z GK‡N‡qgx bv Av‡m †mRb¨ cÖwZw`‡bi Kvh©µ‡g ˆewPΨ Avbv
cÖ‡qvRb|

144
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 mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
 Mfxifv‡e wPšÍv K‡i mgvav‡bi Dcvq Luy‡R ‡ei Kiv|
 e¨w³MZ ev `jxqfv‡e KvR Kivi my‡hvM jvf|
 wk¶v_©xiv mwµq I Kg©Zrci _v‡K|
 mwVKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|
 wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve m„wó nq|

152
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj

 e¨w³MZ ev `jxqfv‡e KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq|

 wbqgvbyhvqx `j MVb Ki‡Z nq|
 welqe¯‘ mswkøó mgm¨v‡K K‡qKwU As‡k wef³ Kiv hvq|
 cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Rb¨ c„_K mgm¨v †`Iqv nq|
 `‡ji cÖvß mgvavb †cvóvi †ccv‡i †jLv nq|
 Ab¨ `‡ji gZvgZ †bIqv nq|
 `jwfwËK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq|

†kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡`i wefw³KiY †KŠkj

†kªwYK‡¶ AwaKmsL¨K wk¶v_©x n‡j-

 cvV¨wel‡qi †Kvb wbw`©ó Ask GKKfv‡e co‡Z ejv|
 cvV¨wel‡qi Ask †_‡K msÁv ev ZvwjKv LvZvq wjL‡Z ejv|
 GKB †e‡Â RywU n‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i wm×všÍ †bIqv|
 Zvici GKB †e‡Â/†W‡¯‹ cvkvcvwk 4/5 Rb ev mvg‡bi †e‡Âi wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K
wcQ‡bi †e‡Âi wk¶v_©x‡`i gy‡LvgywL K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K `j MVb Kiv|
 `jxqfv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i (msÁv, ZvwjKv, Dcv`vb) P~ovšÍ wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv|

wk¶v_©x‡`i wb‡`©kbv `v‡bi †KŠkj

 †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡`i wkL‡bi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki cwiKíbv, Av‡qvRb, wk¶K-wk¶v_©xi
Kg©ZrciZv I cwi‡ek m„wó n‡jv wk¶Y|
 wk¶v_©xi wk¶Y wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j wb‡`©kbvi my¯úóZv I avivevwnKZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
 wb‡`©kbvB wk¶v_©x‡`i Kg©Zrci K‡i ‡Zv‡j Ges Kvw•¶Z wkLbdj AR©‡b mnvqZv
K‡i|
 wb‡`©kbv wjwLZ n‡j fvlv mnR n‡Z n‡e|
 wb‡`©kbv †gŠwLK n‡j my¯úó n‡Z n‡e|
 wb‡`©kbvi avivevwnKZvI mn‡R †evaMg¨ n‡Z n‡e|
 wb‡`©kbv wk¶v_©xiv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q Kx bv Ges AbymiY Ki‡Q Kx bv Zv ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z
n‡e|

153
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

m¤¢ve¨ DËi

ce©- K
KvR- 1
QÙwk¶‡Yi ˆewkó¨:
 K…wÎg †kªwYK¶ I cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv|
 GKRb wk¶v_©xi wk¶‡Ki f~wgKvq Awfbq Kiv|
 2/3 Rb wk¶v_©x ch©‡e¶Y K‡i djveZ©b †`Iqv|
 g~j¨vqb/djveZ©‡bi Rb¨ 3/4/5 c‡q‡›Ui †¯‹‡j wee„wZ ˆZwi Kiv|
 Ab¨vb¨ mncvVx‡`i wk¶v_©xi f~wgKv cvjb Kiv|
 cvV`v‡bi ci cÖwk¶K, mZx_© cÖwk¶Yv_©x Ges ch©‡e¶K mevB wg‡j cvV`v‡bi
Kjv‡KŠk‡ji MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbv Kiv|

ce©- L
KvR- 1
wb‡R Kiyb|

ce©- M
KvR- 1
`jxq Av‡jvPbv †KŠk‡ji †hŠw³KZv:
`jxq Av‡jvPbv `‡ji m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ wPšÍv kw³i
weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i| G c×wZ‡Z mgm¨vi ¯^iƒc I cwiwa wk¶v_©x‡K wjL‡Z nq Ges
`‡ji mevi mv‡_ gZ wewbgq K‡i mwVK wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡Z nq| G‡Z `‡ji me
m`m¨‡`i mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM _v‡K| AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ wk¶v_©x‡`i mwµq
AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Dci ¸iyZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q| ZvB
`jxq Av‡jvPbv GB c×wZi AšÍfy©³ GKwU Kvh©Ki †KŠkj e‡j we‡ewPZ nq|

ce©- N
KvR- 1
†kªwYK‡¶ Kg wk¶v_©x n‡j
 `j MV‡bi gva¨‡g mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 †kªwY‡Z `‡ji Avjv`v emvi my‡hvM _vK‡j wewfbœ is Gi KvMR jUvwi, bv‡gi Av`¨¶i
A_ev µwgK b¤^i Abyhvqx 5/6 R‡bi `‡j wef³ K‡i dzj ev cvwLi bvg w`‡Z
cv‡ib|
 †kªwY‡Z DuPz †e n‡j mvg‡bi †e‡Âi wk¶v_©x‡`i wcQ‡bi †e‡Âi wk¶v_©x‡`i gy‡LvgywL
K‡i w`‡q `yB fv‡M wef³ K‡i `j MVb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

154
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

KvR- 2
QÙwk¶Y (Simulation)
ch©‡e¶Y kxU (bgybv)
bvg: we`¨vjq: ZvwiL:
mgq: cvV bs: welq:
welqe¯‘ 1 2 3 4 5
1. †ckvMZ `¶Zv
k„•Ljv‡eva, welqwfwËK Ávb, fvefw½|
2. cwiKíbv
j¶¨ I cvV cwiKíbv, K¬v‡mi cÖ¯‘wZ|
3. welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Ávb
welqe¯‘i Dci Av¯’v, DcKi‡Yi aviYv|
4. †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv
D”Pvi‡Yi ¯úóZv, `„wó web¨vm, †kªwY‡Z cvqPvwi|
5. e¨e¯’vcbv
wb‡`©kbv, ˆØZ ev `jxq KvR cwiPvjbv, †kªwY
k„•Ljv, wbix¶Y, `¶Zv, ch©‡e¶Y, mgq
e¨e¯’vcbv|
6. AvPiY
wk¶v_©x‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK©, wk¶v_©x‡`i Drmvn cÖ`vb,
cÖksmv Kiv, wel‡qi cÖwZ AvMÖn, wk¶v_©x‡`i mwµq
ivLv, †cÖlYv RvMv‡bv|
7. cÖkœ Kivi `¶Zv
D”P¯—‡ii cÖkœ cÖ‡qvM, Db¥y³ cÖ‡kœi e¨envi,
wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖ‡kœvËi cwiPvjbv, Dˇii ÎywU
ms‡kvab|
8. wk¶v DcKiY
wk¶v DcKi‡Yi e¨envi, Ab¨vb¨ mnvqK mvgMÖxi
e¨envi, PK‡ev‡W©i e¨envi|
gšÍe¨:

ce©- O
KvR- 1
wb‡R Kiyb|

KvR- 2
wb‡R Kiyb|

155
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

g~j¨vqb

1. AskMÖnYg~jK wk¶Y-wkLb c×wZ Kv‡K e‡j? ‡kªYxK‡¶ AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZi
e¨envi †Kb cÖ‡qvRb?
2. QÙwk¶Y (Simulation) Kx? QÙwk¶‡Yi ˆewk󨸇jv D‡jøL Kib|
3. †kªwYK‡¶ QÙwk¶Y †Kb cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq?
4. ÔQÙwk¶‡Yi d‡j cvV`v‡bi DbœwZ NUv‡bv m¤¢eÕ- G hyw³i ¯^c‡¶ Avcbvi gZ w`b|
5. †Rvovq Kv‡Ri ˆewk󨸇jv Kx Kx? †Rvov Kxfv‡e MVb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?
6. `jxq KvR Kx? `jxq Kv‡Ri ‰ewk󨸇jvi eY©bv w`b|
7. `j MV‡bi †¶‡Î Kx Kx wbqg AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?
8. gv_v LvUv‡bv †KŠkj Kv‡K e‡j? gv_v LvUv‡bvi cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
9. wk¶Y I wb‡`©kbvi cv_©K¨¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiyb|
10. wk¶v_©x‡`i wb‡`©kbv cÖ`v‡bi †KŠkj¸‡jv we‡kølY Kiyb|
11. QÙwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ Avcbvi wel‡qi 10 wgwb‡Ui GKwU cvVUxKv ˆZwi Kiyb|
12. gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi †kªwYK‡¶ AskMÖnYg~jK wk¶Y-wkLb c×wZi Dc‡hvwMZv wbY©q
Ki“b|
13. wk¶K wn‡m‡e †kªwYK‡¶ Avcwb Kxfv‡e †Rvovq KvR I `jxq Av‡jvPbv †KŠkj
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb?

156
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

BDwbU- 3 Awa‡ekb- 3

cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi `¶Zv

f~wgKv
Avgiv hLb Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kwi ZLb †m KvRwU m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i Rvb‡Z nq Ges
KvRwU Kxfv‡e myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© c~e©cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| cÖ¯‘wZ
Ges cwiKíbv Qvov †Kvb KvR mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv hvq bv| wk¶K wn‡m‡e Avcbv‡`i
cÖavb KvR n‡jv †kªwY wk¶Y (Classroom Teaching)| †kªwY wk¶Y djcÖm~ I Kvh©Ki
Ki‡Z n‡j GKwU cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvRb| wk¶K wn‡m‡e Kx cov‡eb, Kxfv‡e cov‡eb,
wkL‡bi KvR‡K djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ †kªwYK‡¶ †Kvb †Kvb c×wZ I Kjv‡KŠkj Aej¤^b
Ki‡eb, Kx Kx DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb, wk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Kx n‡e, cvV †k‡l Kx Kx wkLb
dj AwR©Z n‡e, Kx cÖkœ Ki‡eb, Kx DËi Avm‡Z cv‡i, cvV †k‡l wkLbd‡ji Dci wfwË
K‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i AwR©Z Ávb I `¶Zv Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb BZ¨vw` LuywUbvwU welq¸‡jv
†kªwY wk¶‡Yi Av‡MB Avcbv‡K wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb cvV cwiKíbv|
Av‡jvP¨ Awa‡ek‡b 4wU c‡e© Avgiv cvV cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, cvV cwiKíbvi
Avek¨Kxq w`K¸‡jv Ges cvV cwiKíbvi KvVv‡gv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 cvV cwiKíbv Kx Ges †Kb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cvV cwiKíbvi Avek¨Kxq w`K¸‡jv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cwiKwíZ cvV cwiKíbvi KvVv‡gv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 GKwU Av`k© cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ce©- K: cvV cwiKíbvi msÁv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv


wcÖq cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, †kªwYK‡¶ wkLb-wk¶Y GKwU RwUj KvR| G KvRwU myôz I mv_©K
Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K bvbviKg cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, bvbv ai‡bi †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Z
n‡e hv m¤ú‡K© Av‡Mi cvV¸‡jv‡Z Avcbviv aviYv †c‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ GKwU myôz cwiKíbv
cÖ‡qvRb| Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z ‡hgb cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRb †Zgwb
wk¶KZvi KvR‡K myôyfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ cvV cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvRb|

KvR- 1
 cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜziv, Gevi †PvL eÜ K‡i GKUz fveyb Ges cvV cwiKíbv Kx †m m¤ú‡K©
Avcbvi aviYv Avcbvi evwoi Kv‡Ri LvZvq wjLyb|

157
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, cvV cwiKíbv Kx †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv †c‡jb| Avmyb GLb Avgiv cvV
 cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kwi| cÖ‡Z¨K m„wókxj Kv‡RiB GKwU cÖ¯‘wZ I
cwiKíbv _v‡K| cÖ¯‘wZ I cwiKíbv Qvov KvR Kiv I D‡Ïk¨nxb †bŠKv Pvjv‡bv GKB
K_v| Gi gva¨‡g †Kvb j‡¶¨ †cuŠQv‡bv hvq bv| GKRb AwfÁ †mbvcwZi Kv‡Q †hgb
hy‡×i bxjb·v, GKRb `¶ ¯’cwZi Kv‡Q †hgb `vjv‡bi bxjb·v ¸iyZ¡c~Y© †Zgwb GKRb
fv‡jv wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ wbw`©ó cv‡Vi GKwU bxjb·vB n‡jv cvVcwiKíbv| cwiKíbv Qvov cvV
KLbI mv_©K n‡Z cv‡i bv| mgqgZ cvV ïiy I †kl Kiv, cvV‡K AvKl©Yxq I Avb›``vqK
Kiv, D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx wk¶v_©x‡`i Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½i cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡j wk¶K‡K
Aek¨B cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR- 2
 †kªwYK‡¶ cvV cwiKíbv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb wb‡Pi QKwU‡Z Zvi K‡qKwU gZvgZ †`Iqv Av‡Q|
¸iyZ¡ Abymv‡i cÖwZ gZvg‡Zi cv‡k b¤^i emvb| (†ewk ¸iyZ¡- 3, ¸iyZ¡- 2 Ges Kg ¸iyZ¡-
1)
†kªwY wk¶‡Y cvV cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ¸iyZ¡
cv‡Vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Kiv hvq|

wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|

wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µ‡g avivevwnKZv eRvq _v‡K|

Kg©c×wZ myôzfv‡e ev¯Íevq‡b mnvqZv Kiv hvq|

g‡bvweÁvbm¤§Zfv‡e cvV Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq|

wk¶‡Y Dchy³ c×wZ I †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv hvq|

wk¶v_©x‡`i mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv hvq|

wk¶v_©x‡`i hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb †KŠkj wbe©vPb Kiv hvq|

wcwQ‡q cov wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv hvq|

AMÖMvgx wk¶v_©x‡`i wkL‡b mnvqZv Kiv hvq|

cvV‡K AvKl©Yxq I Avb›``vqK K‡i †Zvjv hvq|

Kvh©Ki wkLb m¤¢e nq|

h_vmg‡q cvV¨m~wP m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq|

158
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

wk¶K‡K †kªwY wk¶‡Y AvZ¥wek¦vmx K‡i †Zv‡j|

159
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

ce©- L: DËg cvV cwiKíbvi Avek¨Kxq w`K


cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, GKwU cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi K‡qKwU avivevwnK avc Av‡Q| GB
avc¸‡jv AbymiY bv Ki‡j cvV cwiKíbvwU DËg e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e bv Ges Gi gva¨‡g
Kvw•LZ j¶¨ AwR©Z n‡e bv| cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi avc¸‡jv n‡”Q
 cwiwPwZ
 AvPiwYK D‡Ïk¨ ev wkLb dj
 mnvqK mvgMÖx
 c×wZ I †KŠkj
 cÖ¯‘wZ
 Dc¯’vcb
 g~j¨vqb
 evwoi KvR
 cvV mgvwß|

KvR- 1
 wcÖq cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, wb‡Pi avc¸‡jv G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e emv‡bv Av‡Q| wb‡Riv wPš—v K‡i
avc¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e mvwR‡q wjLyb Ges e¨vL¨v Kiyb| (GLv‡b †Kvb avcwU cÖ_g,
wØZxq . . . . . . . . . n‡e †mRb¨ avc¸‡jvi wecix‡Z µwgK b¤^i emv‡Z n‡e)|
µwgK avc avivevwnK e¨vL¨v
bs µwgK bs
1. AvPiwYK D‡Ïk¨ ev wkLbdj
2. g~j¨vqb (cÖkœ, `ye©j w`K wPwýZ Kiv, Afx¶v
cÖYqb)
3. cÖ¯‘wZ (†kªwYK‡¶ cÖ‡ek, c~e©eZ©x cv‡Vi mv‡_
m½wZ weavb, ï‡f”Qv, c~e©Ávb hvPvB, cvV
†NvlYv)
4. Dc¯’vcb (c×wZ, †KŠkj, Kvh©vewj, wb‡`©kbv)
5. cwiwPwZ (we`¨vj‡qi bvg, wk¶‡Ki bvg, †kªwY,
welq BZ¨vw`)
6. mgvwß (mvivsk cÖ¯‘Z Kiv)

160
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

7. evwoi KvR (wPš—vg~jK cÖkœ ev KvR cÖ`vb)

8. c×wZ ev †KŠkj
9. mnvqK mvgMÖx

ce©- M: cwiKwíZ cvV cwiKíbvi KvVv‡gv wbe©vPb

a
cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜziv, wb‡P †`Iqv cvV cwiKíbvi KvVv‡gv `yBwU j¶¨ Kiyb Ges `yBwU
KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ I ˆemv`„k¨ wPwýZ Kiyb|

cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi KvVv‡gv- 1

cwiwPwZ we`¨vj‡qi bvg: welq:
wk¶‡Ki bvg: cvV:
†ivj b¤^i:
†kªwY: mgq:
†gvU wk¶v_©x: ZvwiL:
Mo eqm:
 AvPiwYK D‡Ïk¨:
 mnvqK mvgMÖx:
 c×wZ ev †KŠkj:
 cÖ¯‘wZ: ........................................................................ 05 wgwbU
 ï‡f”Qv wewbgq, evwoi KvR Av`vq, †kªwYweb¨vm
 c~e©Ávb hvPvB I gvbwmK cwi‡ek m„wó:
 KvR/cÖkœ:
 cvV †NvlYv:
 Dc¯’vcb: Kvh©cÖYvjx: (wk¶K wk¶v_©xi KvR) ........................ 25 wgwbU
ce©- 1: Kv‡Ri wk‡ivbvg ------------------------------------------- mgq
 wb‡`©kbv
 Kg©cÎ
 m¤¢ve¨ DËi

161
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

ce©- 2: Kv‡Ri wk‡ivbvg ------------------------------------------- mgq

 wb‡`©kbv
 Kg©cÎ
 m¤¢ve¨ DËi

ce©- 3: Kv‡Ri wk‡ivbvg ------------------------------------------- mgq

 wb‡`©kbv
 Kg©cÎ
 m¤¢ve¨ DËi
 g~j¨vqb:
 evwoi KvR:
 cvV mgvwß:

cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi KvVv‡gv- 2

cwiwPwZ we`¨vj‡qi bvg: welq:
wk¶‡Ki bvg: cvV:
†ivj b¤^i:
†kªwY: mgq:
†gvU wk¶v_©x: ZvwiL:
Mo eqm:
 AvPiwYK D‡Ïk¨:




 mnvqK mvgMÖx:
 c×wZ ev †KŠkj:
 cÖ¯‘wZ: ........................................................................ 05 wgwbU
 ï‡f”Qv wewbgq, evwoi KvR Av`vq, †kªwYweb¨vm
 c~e©Ávb hvPvB I gvbwmK cwi‡ek m„wó:
 KvR/cÖk:œ
 cvV †NvlYv ev wk‡ivbvg †ev‡W© †jLv:

162
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

 Dc¯’vcb: ......................................... ........................ 25 wgwbU

mgq wk¶‡Ki KvR I wb‡`©kbv wk¶v_©xi KvR
KvR ev ce© - 1
KvR ev ce© - 2
KvR ev ce© - 3

 g~j¨vqb: ---------------------------------------------------- 5 wgwbU

 evwoi KvR: ---------------------------------------------------- 5 wgwbU
 cvV mgvwß: ---------------------------------------------------- 5 wgwbU

wcÖq cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, Dc‡iv³ `yBwU cvV cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ †Kvb KvVv‡gvwU DËg ev
 MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib Ges †Kb? Avcbvi g‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ Avcbvi LvZvq
wjLyb|

ce©- N: GKwU Av`k© cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi Abykxjb

a
cÖwk¶Yv_©x eÜz, Avcbvi ¯‹zj wel‡qi gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii †h †Kvb †kªwYi GKwU cvV wbe©vPb
Kiyb Ges wbe©vwPZ cvV cwiKíbvi QK KvVv‡gv AbymiY K‡i †mB cvVwUi GKwU 30
wgwb‡Ui Dc‡hvMx cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Kiyb| wUD‡Uvwiqvj K¬v‡m mncvVx‡`i mv‡_
Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ges wUDU‡ii civgk© wb‡q cvV cwiKíbvwUi cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvab I Dbœqb
Ki‡eb|

163
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 Kvh©Ki wkL‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
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164
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DËg cvV cwiKíbvi Avek¨Kxq w`K

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165
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166
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167
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

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V hvPvB I wgwbU wk¶v_©x‡`i mv‡_ Kzkj mvov †`‡e|
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P cÖ¯‘wZ †kªwYweb¨vm Ki‡ev| c~e©Ávb em‡e Ges evwoi KvR
bv hvPvB K‡i AvR‡Ki cvV msMÖn K‡i †Uwe‡j
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ïb‡e|

168
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ms‡kvab K‡i †`e|

169
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avc KvR mgq wk¶‡Ki KvR wk¶v_©xi KvR

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Ki‡ev|

170
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

bgybv cvV cwiKíbv- 2

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171
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cÖ c~e©Ávb 5 wk¶v_©x‡`i AvR‡Ki cv‡Vi Rb¨
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wZ wb Ki‡ev:
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GKKfv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡Z ej‡ev|
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LvZvq wjL‡Z ej‡ev Ges 5-7
Rb †_‡K DËi Av`vq K‡i
PK‡ev‡W© wj‡L †`e|
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b mybvMwi‡Ki ¸Yvewji GKwU †Rvovq wPšÍv K‡i
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K‡i †`e|

172
 Avek¨Kxq wk¶Y `¶Zvmg~n- 1

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c AwaKv‡ii †kªwYwefvM: wPšÍv Ki‡e|
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AwaKv‡ii †kªwYwefvM Rvb‡Z
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GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡ev|
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U

173
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j¨v g~jK Av`vq Ki‡ev 1. whwb GKwU iv‡óªi ¯’vqx
q cÖkœ 5 1. bvMwiK Kv‡K e‡j? evwm›`v, iv‡óªi cÖwZ
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