EBD_8344

M-536 Mathematics

28
Properties of
Triangles
b+c c+a a+b
Properties of Triangle, Solutions of 5. Given = = for a DABC with usual
TOPIC Ć Triangles, Inscribed & Enscribed 11 12 13
Circles, Regular Polygons cos A cos B cos C
notation. If = = , then the ordered triad
a b γ
1. Let A(3, 0, –1), B(2, 10, 6) and C (1, 2, 1) be the vertices of (a, b, g) has a value : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
a triangle and M be the midpoint of AC. If G divides BM in (a) (7, 19, 25) (b) (3, 4, 5)
the ratio, 2 : 1, then cos (ÐGOA) (O being the origin) is (c) (5, 12, 13) (d) (19, 7, 25)
6. With the usual notation, in DABC, if ÐA + ÐB = 120 ,
equal to : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
a= 3 + 1 and b = 3 - 1, then the ratio ÐA : ÐB, is:
1 1 [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) (b) (a) 7 : 1 (b) 5 : 3
2 15 15
(c) 9 : 7 (d) 3 : 1
1 1 a
(c) (d) 7. In a DABC, = 2 + 3 and ÐC = 60 . Then the ordered
6 10 30 b
2. The angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC are in A.P. and pair (ÐA, ÐB) is equal to : [Online April 10, 2015]
(a) (45 , 75 ) (b) (105 , 15 )
a : b = 1 : 3 . If c = 4 cm, then the area (in sq.cm) of this (c) (15 , 105 ) (d) (75 , 45 )
triangle is : [April 10, 2019 (II)] 8. ABCD is a trapeium such that AB and CD are
2 parallel and BC ^ CD. If ÐADB = q, BC = p and CD = q,
(a) (b) 4 3
3 then AB is equal to : [2013]
4 ( p 2 + q 2 ) sin q p 2 + q 2 cos q
(c) 2 3 (d) (a) (b)
3 p cos q + q sin q p cos q + q sin q
3. If the lengths of the sides of a triangle are in A.P. and the
p2 + q2 ( p 2 + q 2 ) sin q
greatest angle is double the smallest, then a ratio of lengths (c) (d)
p cos q + q sin q
2 2
( p cos q + q sin q) 2
of the sides of this triangle is : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
b+c c+a a+b
(a) 5 : 9 : 13 (b) 4 : 5 : 6 9. If in a triangle ABC, = = , then cosA is
11 12 13
(c) 3 : 4 : 5 (d) 5 : 6 : 7 equal to [2012]
4. In a triangle, the sum of lengths of two sides is x and the (a) 5/7 (b) 1/5
product of the lengths of the same two sides is y. if
(c) 35/19 (d) 19/35
x 2 - c 2 = y , where c is the length of the third side of the 10. In a DPQR, If 3 sin P + 4 cos Q = 6 and 4 sin Q + 3 cos
P = 1, then the angle R is equal to : [2012]
triangle, then the circumradius of the triangle is :
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] 5p p
(a) (b)
3 c 6 6
(a) y (b)
2 3 p 3p
(c) (d)
c y 4 4
(c) (d)
3 3

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Properties of Triangles M-537

11. For a regular polygon, let r and R be the radii of the inscribed 17. The sum of the radii of inscribed and circumscribed circles
and the circumscribed circles. A false statement among for an n sided regular polygon of side a , is [2003]
the following is [2010]
a æp ö æp ö
r 1 (a) 4 cot ç 2 n ÷ (b) a cot ç n ÷
(a) There is a regular polygon with = è ø è ø
R 2
r 2 a æp ö æp ö
(b) There is a regular polygon with = (c) 2 cot ç 2 n ÷ (d) a cot ç 2 n ÷ .
R 3 è ø è ø

r 3 18. In a triangle with sides a, b, c, r1 > r2 > r3

(c) There is a regular polygon with =
R 2 (which are the ex-radii) then [2002]
r 1 (a) a >b > c (b) a < b < c
(d) There is a regular polygon with =
R 2 (c) a > b and b < c (d) a < b and b > c
12. If in a DABC , the altitudes from the vertices A, B, C on 19. The sides of a triangle are 3x+4y, 4x+3y and 5x+5y where x,
opposite sides are in H.P, then sin A, sin B, sin C are in y > 0 then the triangle is [2002]
[2005] (a) right angled (b) obtuse angled
(a) G. P. (b) A. P.
(c) equilateral (d) none of these
(c) A.P -G..P. (d) H. P
p
13. In a triangle ABC, let ÐC = . If r is the inradius and R is TOPIC n Heights & Distances
2
the circumradius of the triangle ABC, then 2 (r + R) equals
[2005] 20. A ray of light coming from the point (2, 2 3) is incident at
(a) b + c (b) a + b an angle 30 on the line x = 1 at the point A. The ray gets
reflected on the line x = 1 and meets x-axis at the point B.
(c) a + b + c (d) c + a Then, the line AB passes through the point:
14. The sides of a triangle are sin a, cos a and [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]

p æ 1 ö æ 3ö
1 + sin a cos a for some 0 < a < . Then the greatest (a) ç 3, - ÷ (b) ç 4, - ÷
2 è 3ø è 2 ø
angle of the triangle is [2004]
(c) (3, - 3) (d) (4, - 3)
(a) 150 (b) 90
(c) 120 (d) 60 21. The angle of elevation of the top of a hill from a point on
the horiontal plane passing through the foot of the hill is
æCö æ A ö 3b found to be 45. After walking a distance of 80 meters
15. If in a DABC a cos 2 ç ÷ + c cos 2 ç ÷= , then the sides
è2ø è2ø 2 towards the top, up a slope inclined at an angle of 30 to
the horiontal plane, the angle of elevation of the top of
a, b and c [2003] the hill becomes 75. Then the height of the hill (in meters)
is ______. [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
(a) satisfy a + b = c (b) are in A.P
22. The angle of elevation of the summit of a mountain from a
(c) are in G..P (d) are in H.P
point on the ground is 45. After climbing up on km to-
16. In a triangle ABC, medians AD and BE are drawn. If AD = 4, wards the summit at an inclination of 30 from the ground,
p p the angle of elevation of the summit is found to be 60.
ÐDAB = and ÐABE = , then the area of the D ABC Then the height (in km) of the summit from the ground is:
6 3
[Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
is [2003]
64 8 3 -1 3 +1
(a) (b) (a) (b)
3 3 3 +1 3 -1
16 32
(c) (d) 1 1
3 3 3 (c) (d)
3 -1 3 +1

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 EBD_8344
M-538 Mathematics

23. Two vertical poles AB = 15 m and CD = 10 m are standing 9

apart on a horiontal ground with points A and C on the (a) 9 (1 + 3 ) (b) ( 3 – 1)
2
ground. If P is the point of intersection of BC and AD,
then the height of P (in m) above the line AC is : (c) 18 (1 + 3 ) (d) 18 ( 3 – 1)
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] 30. An aeroplane flying at a constant speed, parallel to the
(a) 20/3 (b) 5 horiontal ground, 3km above it, is observed at an
(c) 10/3 (d) 6 elevation of 60 from a point on the ground. If, after five
24. The angle of elevation of a cloud C from a point P, 200 m seconds, its elevation from the same point, is 30 , then the
above a still lake is 30 . If the angle of depression of the speed (in km/hr) of the aeroplane is
image of C in the lake from the point P is 60 , then PC [Online April 15, 2018]
(in m) is equal to : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] (a) 1500 (b) 750
(c) 720 (d) 1440
(a) 100 (b) 200 3 31. A tower T1 of height 60 m is located exactly opposite to a
(c) 400 (d) 400 3 tower T2 of height 80 m on a straight road. From the top of
T1, if the angle of depression of the foot of T2 is twice the
25. ABC is a triangular park with AB = AC = 100 metres. A angle of elevation of the top of T2, then the width (in m) of
vertical tower is situated at the mid-point of BC. If the the road between the feet of the towers T1 and T2 is
angles of elevation of the top of the tower at A and B are [Online April 15, 2018]
cot – 1( 3 2 ) and cosec–1 ( 2 2 ) respectively, then the (a) 20 2 (b) 10 2
height of the tower (in metres) is : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
(c) 10 3 (d) 20 3
100 32. Let a vertical tower AB have its end A on the level
(a) (b) 10 5 ground. Let C be the mid-point of AB and P be a point on
3 3
the ground such that AP = 2AB. If ÐBPC = b, then tan b is
(c) 20 (d) 25 equal to : [2017]
26. If the angle of elevation of a cloud from a point P which is
4 6
25 m above a lake be 30 and the angle of depression of (a) (b)
reflection of the cloud in the lake from P be 60 , then the 9 7
height of the cloud (in meters) from the surface of the lake 1 2
is: [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] (c) (d)
4 9
(a) 60 (b) 50 33. A man is walking towards a vertical pillar in a straight
(c) 45 (d) 42 path, at a uniform speed. At a certain point A on the path,
27. Consider a triangular plot ABC with sides AB = 7 m, he observes that the angle of elevation of the top of the
BC = 5 m and CA = 6 m. A vertical lamp-post at the mid pillar is 30 . After walking for 10 minutes from A in the
point D of AC subtends an angle 30 at B. The height (in same direction, at a point B, he observes that the angle of
m) of the lamp-post is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)] elevation of the top of the pillar is 60 . Then the time taken
(in minutes) by him, from B to reach the pillar, is: [2016]
3 2
(a) 21 (b) 21 (a) 20 (b) 5
2 3 (c) 6 (d) 10
(c) 2 21 (d) 7 3 34. The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical tower from a
point A, due east of it is 45 . The angle of elevation of the
28. PQR is a triangular park with PQ = PR = 200 m. A T.V. tower top of the same tower from a point B, due south of A is 30 .
stands at the mid-point of QR. If the angles of elevation of If the distance between A and B is 54 2 m, then the height
the top of the tower at P, Q and R are respectively 45 , 30 of the tower (in metres), is : [Online April 10, 2016]
and 30 , then the height of the tower (in m) is : [2018] (a) 108 (b) 36 3
(a) 50 (b) 100 3 (c) 54 3 (d) 54
(c) 50 2 (d) 100 (which are the ex-radii) then [2002]
35. If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from three
29. A man on the top of a vertical tower observes a car moving collinear points A, B and C, on a line leading to the foot of
at a uniform speed towards the tower on a horiontal road. the tower, are 30 , 45 and 60 respectively, then the ratio,
If it takes 18 min, for the angle of depression of the car to AB : BC, is : [2015]
change from 30 to 45 , then after this, the time taken (in (a) 1: 3 (b) 2 : 3
min) by the car to reach the foot of the tower, is.
[Online April 16, 2018] (c) 3 :1 (d) 3: 2

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Properties of Triangles M-539

36. Let 10 vertical poles standing at equal distances on a
straight line, subtend the same angle of elevation at a
point O on this line and all the poles are on the same
side of O. If the height of the longest pole is ‘h’ and the
distance of the foot of the smallest pole from O is ‘a’;
then the distance between two consecutive poles, is :
[Online April 11, 2015]
39. AB is a vertical pole with B at the ground level and A at the
top. A man finds that the angle of elevation of the point A
from a certain point C on the ground is 60 . He moves
away from the pole along the line BC to a point D such
that CD =7 m. From D the angle of elevation of the point A
is 45 . Then the height of the pole is [2008]

h cos a – a sin a h sin a + a cos a (a) 7 3 1 m (b) 7 3 ( 3 + 1)m

(a) (b) 2 3 –1 2
9 sin a 9 sin a

h cos a – a sin a h sin a – a cos a 7 3 7 3 1

m
(c) (d) (c) ( 3 –1)m (d)
9 cos a 9 cos a 2 2 3 +1

37. A bird is sitting on the top of a vertical pole 20 m high and 40. A tower stands at the centre of a circular park. A and B are
its elevation from a point O on the ground is 45° . It flies two points on the boundary of the park such that AB (= a)
subtends an angle of 60 at the foot of the tower, and the
off horiontally straight away from the point O. After one
angle of elevation of the top of the tower from A and B is
second, the elevation of the bird from O is reduced to 30° .
30 . The height of the tower is [2007]
Then the speed (in m/s) of the bird is [2014]
(a) a / 3 (b) a 3
(a) 20 2 (b) 20 ( 3 -1)
(c) 2a / 3 (d) 2a 3

(c) 40 ( 2 -1) (d) 40 ( 3- 2 ) 41. A person standing on the bank of a river observes that
the angle of elevation of the top of a tree on the opposite
38. The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical tower from a bank of the river is 60 and when he retires 40 meters
point P on the horiontal ground was observed to be a. away from the tree the angle of elevation becomes 30 .
After moving a distance 2 metres from P towards the foot The breadth of the river is [2004]
of the tower, the angle of elevation changes to b. Then the (a) 60 m (b) 30 m
height (in metres) of the tower is:[Online April 11, 2014] (c) 40 m (d) 20 m

2 sin a sin b sin a sin b 3

42. The upper th portion of a vertical pole subtends an
(a) sin ( b - a ) (b) cos ( b - a ) 4
3
angle tan -1 at a point in the horiontal plane through its
2sin ( b - a ) cos ( b - a ) 5
(c) (d) foot and at a distance 40 m from the foot. A possible
sin a sin b sin a sin b height of the vertical pole is [2003]
(a) 80 m (b) 20 m
(c) 40 m (d) 60 m.

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 EBD_8344
M-540 Mathematics

1. (b) G is the centroid of DABC. 3. (b) Let the sides of triangle are a > b > c where
Given A = 2C
Q A + B + C = p and A = 2C
Þ B = p – 3C ...(i)
M Q a, b, c are in A.P. Þ a + c = 2b
Þ sin A + sin C = 2 sin B ...(ii)
Þ sin A = sin (2C) and sin B = sin 3C
From (ii),
æ 3 + 2 + 1 0 + 10 + 2 -1 + 6 + 1 ö sin 2C + sin C = 2 sin 3C
ÞGº ç , , ÷ º (2, 4, 2) Þ (2cos C + 1) sin C = 2 sin C ( 3 – 4 sin 2C)
è 3 3 3 ø
Þ 2cos C + 1 = 6 – 8 (1 – cos2C)
G Þ 8cos2C – 2cos C – 3 = 0
3 1
Þ cos C = or cos C = -
4 2
Q C is acute angle
q
O A 3 7
Þ cos C = Þ sin C =
4 4
OG = 4 + 16 + 4 , OA = 9 + 1 , AG = 1 + 16 + 9
7 3 3 7
(OG ) 2 + (OA) 2 - ( AG ) 2 24 + 10 - 26 and sin A = 2 sin C cos C = 2 × ´ =
\ cos q = = 4 4 8
2(OG )(OA) 2 24 10
3 7 4 7 7 5 7
8 4 1 sin B = - ´ =
= = = 4 4 16 16
2 8 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´ 5 4 15 15
Þ sin A : sin B : sin C :: a : b : c is 6 : 5 : 4
2. (c) Given that A, B, C, are in A.P. Þ 2B = A + C
4. (b) Let two sides of triangle are a and b.
p
Now, A + B + C = p Þ B = a+b=x
3
ab = y
1
Area = (4 x )sin 60° = 3x x2 – c2 = y Þ (a + b)2 – c2 = ab
2
Þ (a + b – c) (a + b + c) = ab
B
Þ 2(s – c) (2s) = ab
Þ 4s(s – c) = ab
60°

x s ( s - c) 1
Þ =
ab 4

A C c 1
3x Þ cos 2 =
2 4
16 + x 2 - 3x 2 1
Now cos 60 = Þ cos c = - Þ c = 120
8x 2
Þ 4x = 16 – 2x2 Þ x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 \ Area of triangle is,
Þx=2 [Q x can’t be negative]
1 3
Hence, area = 2 3 sq. cm D = ab (sin120°) = ab
2 4

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Properties of Triangles M-541

abc
Q R= AB p2 + q2
4D =
sinq sin( p - (q + a ))
abc c
Q R= =
3 ab 3 p 2 + q 2 sin q
AB =
b+c c + a a+b sin q cos a + cos q sin a
5. (a) Let = = = k (Say).
11 12 13
( p 2 + q 2 ) sin q
\ b + c = 11k, c + a = 12k, a + b = 13k =
q sin q + p cos q
\ a + b + c = 18k
\ a = 7k, b = 6k and c = 5k æ q p ö
ççQ cos a = and sina = ÷
36k 2 + 25k 2 – 49k 2 1 è p +q
2 2
p + q ÷ø
2 2

\ cosA = 2
=
2.30k 5 9. (b) In a triangle ABC.
2
49k + 25k – 36k2 2
19 b+c c+a a+b
and cosB = = Let = = =K
2.35k 2 35 11 12 13
Þ b + c = 11 K, c + a = 12 K, a + b = 13 K
49k 2 + 36k 2 – 25k 2 5
and cosC = 2
= On solving these equations, we get
2.42k 7
a = 7K, b = 6K, c = 5 K
\ cosA : cosB : cosC = 7 : 19 : 25 Now we know,
cos A cosB cosC b2 + c2 - a 2 36 K 2 + 25K 2 - 49 K 2 1
\ = = cos A = =
2 ( 6 K )( 5K )
7 19 25 =
2bc 5
Hence, required ordered triplet is (7, 19, 25).
10. (b) Given that 3 sin P + 4cos Q = 6 ...(i)
6. (a) ÐA + ÐB = 120 ...(1)
4 sin Q + 3cos P = 1 ...(ii)
Þ ÐC = 180 – 120 = 60
Squaring and adding (i) & (ii) we get
æ A - Bö a - b æ C ö 9 sin2 P + 16cos2Q + 24 sin P cos Q
tan ç
è 2 ÷ø = a + b èç 2 ÷ø
cot
+ 16 sin2Q + 9cos2 P + 24 sin Q cos P
= 36 + 1 = 37
2 1
= (cot 30°) = ´ 3 =1 Þ 9 (sin 2P + cos2P) + 16 (sin 2 Q + cos2 Q)
2 3 3
+ 24 (sinP cosQ + cosP sinQ) = 37
ÐA - Ð B p Þ 9 + 16 + 24 sin ( P + Q) = 37
Þ = (Ð is angle)
2 4 [Q sin2q + cos2q = 1 and sin A cos B + cos A sin B
Þ ÐA – ÐB = 90 ...(2) = sin (A + B)]
1
Þ sin ( P + Q ) =
From eqn (1) and (2)
ÐA = 105 , ÐB = 15 2
Then, ÐA : ÐB = 7 : 1 p 5p
Þ P + Q = or
6 6
sin A
7. (b) = 2+ 3
sin B 5p p
Þ R= or (Q P + Q + R = p)
6 6
sin (105°)
= 2 + 3 cos15° = 2 + 3 5p p
sin (15° ) sin15° If R= then 0 < Q, P <
6 6
8. (a) From Sine Rule 1
Þ cos Q < 1 and sin P <
2
11
Þ 3 sin P + 4 cos Q <
2
But given that 3 sin P + 4 sin Q = 6
p
So, R =
6

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 EBD_8344
M-542 Mathematics

11. (b) Let O is centre of polygon of n sides and AB is one of

sin 2 a + cos 2 a - 1 - sin a cos a 1
the side, then by figure = =-
2 sin a cos a 2
O
\ C = 120°
2 æ Cö 2æ A ö 3b
p/n 15. (b) Given that, a cos ç ÷ + c cos ç ÷=
è 2ø è 2ø 2
R
r a[cos C + 1] + c[cos A + 1] = 3b
(a + c) + (a cos C + c cos B) = 3b
A B We know that, b = a cos C + c cos B
a + c + b = 3b or a + c = 2b
p r
cos = or a, b, c are in A.P.
n R
16. (d) A
r 1 1 3
Þ = , ,
R 2 2 2
30
for n = 3, 4, 6 respectively.
12. (b) Let altitudes from A, B and C be p1, p2 and p3 resp. E
90
1 1 1 P
\ D = p1a = p2 b = p3b 60
2 2 2 B D C
Given that, p1, p2, p3, are in H.P. We know that median divides each other in ratio 2 :1
2D 2 D 2 D 2 8 4
Þ , , are in H.P.. AP = AD = ; PD = ; Let PB = x
a b c 3 3 3
1 1 1 8/3 8
Þ , , are in H.P.. o
tan 60 = or x =
a b c x 3 3
Þ a, b, c are in A.P. 1 8 16
By sine formula Area of DABD = ´ 4 ´ =
2 3 3 3 3
Þ K sin A, K sin B, K sin C are in AP 16 32
Þ sinA, sinB, sinC are in A.P. \ Area of DABC = 2 ´ =
3 3 3 3
13. (b) We know that for the circle circumscribing a right [Q Median of a D divides it into two D¢s of equal
triangle, hypotenutse is the diameter area.]
Q ÐC = 90
c æ pö a æ pö a
\ 2R = c Þ R = 17. (c) We know that, tan ç ÷ = ; sin ç ÷ =
2 è n ø 2r è n ø 2R
1
´ a ´b a p a p
D Þ r= cot ; R = cosec
also r = = 2 2 n 2 n
s a+b+c
2 aé p pù
r+R = cot + cosec ú
ab 2 êë n nû
Þ r=
a+b+c
2ab 2ab + ac + bc + c 2
\ 2r + 2 R = +c =
a+b+c a+b+c
2ab + ac + bc + a 2 + b 2 O p
= (Q c2 = a2 + b2) n
a+b+c
R

r
( a + b ) 2 + ( a + b )c
= = (a + b)
a+b+c A N B
14. (c) Let a = sin a, b = cos a and a
c = 1 + sin a cos a é p ù é p ù
cos + 1ú 2cos 2
Clearly a and b < 1 but c > 1 as sina > 0 and cosa > 0 aê n a ê 2 n ú a p
= ê = = cot
\ c is the greatest side and greatest angle is C. 2ê p úú 2 êê p p úú 2 2p
sin 2sin cos
a 2 + b2 - c2 ë n û ë 2n 2n û
We know that, cos C =
2ab

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Properties of Triangles M-543

D D D In rt. DCDE,
18. (a) We know that, r1 = ,r = and r3 =
s -a 2 s -b s-c
Given that, y
sin 30° = Þ y = 40
D D D 80
r1 > r2 > r3 Þ > > ;
s-a s-b s-c
Þ s–a<s–b<s–c cos 30° =
x
Þ x = 40 3
Þ –a < –b < –c Þ a > b > c 80
19. (b) Let a = 3x + 4y, b = 4x + 3y and c = 5x + 5y Now, in DAEF,
as x, y > 0, c = 5x + 5y is the largest side h- y
tan 75° =
\ C is the largest angle . Now h-x
a 2 + b2 - c 2
cos C = h - 40
2ab Þ (2 + 3) =
h - 40 3
(3 x + 4 y )2 + (4 x + 3 y )3 - (5 x + 5 y ) 2
cos C =
2(3x + 4 y)(4 x + 3 y) Þ (2 + 3)(h - 40 3) = h - 40
-2 xy
= <0
2(3 x + 4 y )(4 x + 3 y) Þ 2h - 80 3 + 3h - 120 = h - 40
\ C is obtuse angle Þ DABC is obtuse angled Þ h + 3h = 80 + 80 3

20. (c) y Þ ( 3 + 1)h = 80( 3 + 1)

P '(0, 2 3) P(2, 2 3)
Q \ h = 80 m
30
22. (c) Q ÐDCA = ÐDAC = 30°
A \ AD = DC = 1 km
30 120 A
60
x' x 15
O B

D 60
45 15 E
30
y' x=1 C B
F
In DDEA,
Slope of AB = tan120 = - 3
AE 3
\ Equation of line AB (i.e. BP') : = sin 60° Þ AE = km
AD 2
y - 2 3 = - 3( x - 0)
DF 1
Þ 3x + y = 2 3 In DCDF, sin 30° = Þ DF = km
CD 2
\ Point (3, - 3) lies on line AB. 1
\ EB = DF = km
21. (80) 2
Let height (AB) = h m, CD = x m and ED = y m \ Height of mountain = AE + EB
A
æ 3 1 ö æ 3 + 1ö
=ç + ÷ =ç ÷ km
è 2 2ø è 2 ø
(h – y) 1
h = km
E
75 3 -1
F
80 m h–x
45 y y
30
C x D h–x B

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 EBD_8344
M-544 Mathematics

h 1 h
23. (d) B tan 30° = Þ =
x 3 x
D
Þ x = 3h ...(ii)
15 P Now, in right DPC'D
10 h + 400
tan 60° =
x
A C Þ 3x = h + 400 Þ 3h = h + 400 [From (ii)]
E
m:n Þ h = 200
So, PC = 400 m [From (i)]
AE m
Let PE ^ AC and = 25. (3) Let the height of the vertical tower situated at the
EC n
mid point of BC be h.
m m+n L
Q DAEP ~ DACD, =
PE 10
10m
Þ PE = ...(i)
m+ n
n m+n
Q DCEP ~ DCAB, =
PE 15
15n
Þ PE = ...(ii)
m+ n
In DALM,
From (i) and (ii),
AM
3 cot A =
10m = 15n Þ m = n LM
2
AM
So, PE = 6 Þ3 2 = Þ AM = 3 2h
h
In DBLM,
C
BM BM
24. (c) cot B = Þ 7 = Þ BM = 7h
h LM h
In DABM by Pythagoras theorem
30 x D AM2 + MB2 = AB2
P
60 \ AM2 + MB2 = (100)2
200 m 200 m Þ 18h2 + 7h2 = 100 × 100
x Þ h2 = 4 × 100 Þ h = 20
B A 26. (2) Let height of the cloud from the surface of the lake
be h meters.

(h + 200) m

C'

Here in DPCD,
h
sin 30° = Þ PC = 2h ...(i) \ In DPRQ:
PC

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Properties of Triangles M-545

MN = PM ...(2)
h - 25
tan 30 = In DPMQ we have :
PR
\ PR = (h – 25) 3 ...(i) MP = (200)2 - ( 3 h)2
\ From (2), we get :
h + 25
and in DPRS : tan 60 =
PR (200)2 - ( 3 h)2 = h Þ h = 100m
h + 25 29. (a) Here; Ð DOA = 45 ; Ð DOB = 60
PR = ...(ii) Now, let height of tower = h.
3
O C
Then, from eq. (i) and (ii),
30°
h + 25 45°
(h – 25) 3 =
3
\ h = 50 m
27. (b) Let the height of the lamp-post is h.
D A B

DA
In DDOA, tan (Ð DOA) =
OD
DA
Þ tan 45 = Þ h = DA
h
Now, in D DOB
By Appolonius Theorem,
BD
æ
tan (Ð DOB) =
æ AC ö ö
2
OD
2 ç BD 2 + ç ÷ ÷ = BC2 + AB2
ç è 2 ø ÷ø
è BD
Þ tan 60 = Þ BD = 3 h.
h
Þ 2(m2 + 32) = 25 + 49 Þ m = 2 7
BD – AD ( 3 – 1) h
h \ speed for the distance BA = =
tan 30 = 18 18
BD
\ required time taken
1 2 21 h ´ 18
Þ h=2 7´ = =
AD
= =
18
= 9 ( 3 + 1)
3 3 speed ( 3 – 1) h 3 –1
28. (d)
3
30. (d) For D OA, A, OA1 = = 1 km.
P tan 60°

200 45
200

30 h 90 30
Q R
M
Let height of tower MN = h
In DQMN we have 3
For D OB1, B, OB1 = = 3 km.
MN tan 30°
tan 30° =
QM As, a distance of 3 – 1 = 2 km is covered in 5 seconds.
Therefore the speed of the plane is
\ QM = 3h = MR ...(1)
2 ´ 3600
Now in DMNP = 1440 km / hr
5

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 EBD_8344
M-546 Mathematics

31. (d) Let the distance between T1 and T2 be x tan a + tan b

As tan (a + b) =
D 1 - tan a tan b
tan a + tan b 1
Þ =
E
q
C 1 - tan a tan b 2
2q
é AB ù
êQtan(a + b) = AP ú
ê ú
ê tan( a + b) = 1 [ From(1) ] ú
60 T1 T2 80
ëê 2 ûú
1
+ tan b 2
1
Þ 4 = \ tan b =
1 2 9
A B 1 - tan b
4
From the figure h
EA = 60 m (T1) and DB = 80 m (T2) 33. (b) tan 30° =
x+a
ÐDEC = q and ÐBEC = 2q
Now in DDEC, Þ
1
=
h
Þ 3h = x + a
DC 20 3 x +a
tan q = =
AB x ...(1)
and in DBEC,
h h
BC 60 tan 60° = Þ 3=
tan 2q = = a a
CE x
We know that Þ h = 3a
2 tan q ...(2)
tan 2q =
1 - (tan q)2

æ 20 ö
2ç ÷
Þ
60
= è x ø h
2
x æ 20 ö
1- ç ÷ 60
è x ø 30
A x B a
Þ x2 = 1200 Þ x = 20 3 From (1) and (2)
3a = x + a Þ x = 2a
AB 1 Here, the speed is uniform
32. (d) Since AP = 2AB Þ = ...(i) So, time taken to cover x = 2 (time taken to cover a)
AP 2
Let ÐAPC = a 10
\ Time taken to cover a = minutes = 5 minutes
AC 1 AB 1 2
\ tan a = = = 34. (d) Let AP = x
AP 2 AP 4
BP = y
1
(Q C is the mid point) (\ AC = AB ) H
2 tan 45 = ÞH=x
x
1
Þ tan a = tan 30 =
H
Þ y = 3H
4 y
B
x2 + (54 2)2 = y2

H 2 + (54 2)2 = 3H 2
C
(54 2)2 =2H
2
b
a
A P 54 2 = 2H
54 = H

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Properties of Triangles M-547

35. (c) Let OC = x and CD = y

P
20
15 In right DAOC, tan 45° = ...(i)
15 x
h 20
In right DBOD, tan 30° = ...(ii)
x+ y
30 45 60 1 20
From (i) and (ii), we have x = 20 and =
A B C Q 3 x+ y

Q PB bisects ÐAPC, therefore 1

=
20
Þ Þ 20 + y = 20 3
AB : BC = PA : PC 3 20 + y
h So, y = 20( 3 - 1) m and time = 1s (Given)
Also in DAPQ, sin30 = Þ PA = 2h
PA Hence, speed = 20( 3 - 1) m/s
h 2h 38. (a) Let AB be the tower of height 'h'.
and in DCPQ, sin60 = Þ PC =
PC 3 A
2h
\ AB : BC = 2h : = 3 :1
3
36. (a) B10 h
B3
B2
B1
h
h1 h2 h3 a b
O P C B
A1 A2 A3 A10 2m x
a
DOA1B1, DOA2B2, DOA3B3, ........, DOA10B10 all are Given : In DABP
similar triangles. AB
tan a =
h h h PB
h1
Þ = 2 = 3 = ......... = 10 = tan a . sin a h
a1 a2 a3 a10 or =
cos a x+2
Since, h 10 = h = a10 tan a Þ (x + 2) sin a = h cos a
...(1)
x sin a + 2sin a
and a1 = a Þ h1 = a tan a Þ h= ...(1)
cos a
...(2)
AB
Þ h = (a + 9d) tan a where d is distance between Now, In DABC, tanb =
BC
poles
sinb h h cos b
(Q a10 = a + 9d) Þ = Þx= ...(2)
cosb x sin b
Þ h = a tan a + 9d tan a
Putting the value of x in eq. (2) to eq. (1), we get
a sin a h cos b sin a 2 sin a
h- +
h - a tan a cos a
Þ =dÞ =d sin b 1
9 tan a sin a h=
9 cos a
cos a
h cos a - a sin a h cos b.sin a + 2sin a sin b
Þ d= Þ h=
9 sin a sin b.cos a
37. (b) Given that height of pole AB = 20 m Þ h (sinb.cosa – cosb.sina) = 2 sina.sinb
A B Þ h [sin (b – a)] = 2 sin a.sin b

20 2sin a.sin b
45 Þ h=
20 sin (b - a )
30
O x C y D
Let O be the point on the ground such that ÐAOC = 45

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 EBD_8344
M-548 Mathematics

h h 1 h
39. (b) In right, D ABC tan 60 = = 3 In DOAC, tan 30° = Þ =
x a 3 a
A a
Þ h=
3
41. (d) T
h

60 45
30 60
B x R
C 7m D P 40m Q x
h
Þ x= ....(i) In right DQTR
3 y
h
tan 60 = Þ y = 3x ....(1)
x
In right, D ABD = tan 45 = =1 In right DPTR
x+7
h y x + 40
Þ h=x+7Þh– =7 [From tan 30° = Þy= ....(2)
3 x + 40 3
(i)]
x + 40
7 3 3 +1 From (1) and (2), 3x = Þ x = 20m
Þ h= ´ 3
3 –1 3 +1
­
7 3 42. (c) 3
Þ h= ( 3 + 1)m 4
h
2 ¯
40. (a) In the DAOB given that ÐAOB = 60 ­
h
and OA = OB = radius b 4
a q ¯
\ ÐOBA = ÐOAB = 60 40 m
\ D AOB is a equilateral triangle.
æ 3ö
Þ OA = OB = AB = a q = a + b , b = tan -1 ç ÷
è 5ø
Let the height of tower is h m. or b = q – a
C
tan q - tan a
Þ tan b =
1 + tan q.tan a
h h
h -
3 40 160
or =
5 h h
1+ .
30 a
40 160
A
60 O h2 – 200h + 6400 = 0
a 30 a Þ h = 40 or 160 metre
\ possible height = 40 metre
B

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