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    Geo Olevel Green Book (1)

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    11K views133 pages

    Geo Olevel Green Book

    Uploaded by

    Laura Mkandla

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    ZIMBABWE SCHOOL “\XAMINATIONS COUNCIL General Certiticate of Education Ordinary Level I GEOGRAPHY 2248/1 | PAPER? Maile Coie } meme eta | J, 1SCQ00 Survey Map i ealoed with this question paper | | | ‘Addional ate ‘Muli toe never sheet { Sot eats ense Sof perl a8 Bor iB recomended) TIME 1 bour 15 minutes . INSTRUCTIONS To CANDIDATES ‘De not open this booklet until you are told to do so by th: invigilator. i pont yee CNY Pane int cn nae ce awe she te space | ovided ute isha ay toe dane he | REST ry uti nit pape, Astor all gis. For ek quo dere ag eo pan gh D. Coste one Yor soir cones See a seh panel on he pers canes ee °ead very earflly henson onthe anor shxt, INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES sch comet answer will sore ane mark ‘Atak willnot be deducted fora wrong answes ‘ASY tough working should be done inthis bookise "Th Gulon paper consist of pH PRIS Se age and 2 black page ‘rneiah: Zimbabwe Shu Esamiowions Cin 2008 ats (Ture over Mapwork (Questions 110 12 refer tothe 1:50 000 map of Muchirakuenda (Zimbabwe) ‘Which physical feature is found a Trimenburike basin il idge saddle A B c D ingran shows part ofthe Ruye river 9 9% %° Cy [Navigation is difficult along this part of the river because of A rapide, B rocks, © sand banks D exbutares. Which feature i located 4,6 lin North-East ofthe tigonometvcal station ingrid og 92007 A dm Bo dip tank Cspot iets D reser we) a gid sav won te eng of he erode nding aon of Combis which nents os seqare 9310 to grid square 94107 A 08m Bo O9km © 10km Doiika A 899115 B 930116 980112 D setts ~ “at ashe gid teasing ofthe top of Gao il in rid gue 970 fos he me ‘Rgonometial ation in grid aquare 9200? A xt BS co Done te the aes around Makore hil (rid square 0103), the min rsnage raters A denértc B radial D rectangular. A B South-East to Nort West © North-West to South-East 1D South-West to North-East Wt evidense suggest the presence of ives: farming nthe art westof gridline 007 ip tanks . good pasture paddocks sale pens woe unt rorgonee 4 ‘What is the mos extensive landusé in grid square 9304? A cattle rearing Bcaluvation game racching D housing A proposal is presente to build anew secondary school for the children in the area north ofthe river Ruja. Using map evidence only, which lncation woald be the bes? A Nzvimbo (9210) B-Kanukarwe (8705) CC Muchirakuends BC (9612) D— Muringsi BC (9804) ‘Where does agave road cross the Ruya river without a bridge? 921 065 989 108 941 074 948 076 vowe Physical Fnvironment : Why docs Stevenson sere hive louved sides? twreflect heat to prevent heat from directly reaching the thermometers 1 allow free circulation of air {0 prevent ground hest fom reaching tbe thermometers yaw g ones 25 Which isthe main input in iand-based exosystems? animals Vegestion i i i me | decomposes | vom ange pool ’ eonomic Geography “Which ofthe following i « non-renewable end a renewable resource respectively? ponrengvable renewable A Ssh coal Bool cow © vegeution copper Do vater wind “The diagram below shows the Srewood problem of @ developing comtry. Firewcod(ailion tonnes) 8 ‘The country would deel with this problem by A B c D porting nuclear energy introducing ful-seving devices prospecting for more fossil fuels. resetting rural people. Firewood available Firewoud demand ON: 10 26 Which would be the most sutabie land rtabilitation scheme in® semi-arid area wh ‘experienced severe environmental degradation? A epplication of fertilizer to increase agricurra!yilde B creation of rotational grazing schemer © exadiation of tsetse fly - DSimprovemen of veterinary services to control animal diseases 29 Why are most day farms located near urban centres? A svallbilty of «large market B availabilty ofa large labour force © availabilty of clean water D_—availability of special dairy cate feeds 30 Which type of farming system is mos suitable for an ares with the plyscal condo + __ shown inthe tabie below? [eine Sa ale temp. 25°=28 %¢ deep, wel deine. | evel owes sou ill velesicalovia'or | Sow than 1800= 2500 rm vealed | A cooperative dry fering B large-scale cate ranching i C large-scale sugarcane plantation D apple fruit growing 31 Tie tble below show the percentages of the working population exployed in secondary and tertiary activites forfour counties Cay Primary Seeondagy Tey] x =F % 7 sa 3 (me ‘Which country A,B, Cor Dis theznos economically developed? u 1 aren whis [32 Which one of the following industries is raw-material based? A sagar milling in Teangle B car assembly indusry in Mutare C— furnite making ir. Harare D sugar refining in Bulawayo 33. The pic charts below show the number of holidays taken ina yeer ina certain country condition ~ 43% | = None Tw | sion g- Bee | ‘Which cotogoy experienced the least pereetage increase between 1971 ané 19917 three and above vow (Ture over 2 Population, Settlement and Trade 34 The term underpopulation means ‘A. Sas depletion of resourees. B too few people for the avaiable resources. © toomany poopie for the available resources. 1D resources and population balancing 35 Study the age-sex graph below. =a beTa0 O2468 percenag ofl population ‘What isthe percentage dependent population forthe graph shown? A B 46% cS D9 36 One ofthe sims of the clean-up operation of illegal settlements by the Zimbabwean government in 2005 was 1 reduce the spread of cholers. HIVIAIDS. ewasiorker. malaria, soem ‘boos B ewan housing. he terms high density andl: dein refer tbe quality of life ofthe residents Jhumber of houses per nit aes faumber of people per uni ree quality of building materiel. same relator their school. Map 2 Map shows the ocatin ofthe Domes for four pupil wre the dase tery’ each pupil wo tavel ro schoo! hich pupil, A.B, Cor Dh the pooes anspor ink wih Le school? “Te ible below shows trade between county X and four wading pariers your “ith which of he wading parmers A, B.C or D di the coun bave The most favourable Tus over o 1“ ‘What iste local time in New York, longitude 75° Wes, when itis noon in Harare, Tongitude 30° East? a B c DB (0500 hours (S aan) 0700 hours (7 az) 1700 hours (5 pm) 1900 hours (7 pm) if rr a in Harare, ZIMBABWE S SCHOOL ‘XAMINATIONS COUNCIL of Education Ordinary Level GEOGRAPHY . 2248/1 MARKING SCHEME JUNE 2008 3 a B A 2 2 c 3 > D 24 c ¢ 8 c ¢ % 2 c 2 B > 28 B 4 » A > 30 c A Fa A 8 2 A c 3 D c eS B c 38 c 4 36 A D 37 z 5 38 ¢ A % D 2 40 A 2 | = | ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ‘General Certificate of Edueation Ordinary Level GEOGRAPHY 2248/2 PAPER? 2 hours 30 minutes JUNE 2008 SESSIC ‘Astin! mais SS ) ' | INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Grite"your name, Cenice number and candidate number inthe spaces provided om the answer + aperfanswer bookles iiwer four questions. aaa educa from: each of Sections A.B and C and one ater question fom any section Vite your answers on ine separate answer paper provided. {you uve more than on shee of pape, fasen the sheets together. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Fhe number of macks is given in brackets [] a the end of each question or part question. Shetch maps and diagrams shouldbe awn whenever they sre fo llusrae an answer juciiion paper consists of 12 printed pages. ee, (Tare over Section A (Physical Environment) Answer atleast one question fom this section 1a) Fig. { shows the major world plate boundaries. J astareic Fig. Bem iy With she help oF examples describe che dangers of living ‘boundery (ii) Suggest meesures vou would take to assis peopl aecte estructve plate boundary water in iver in Zimbabwe, (&) Fig. 2 shows changes in the oi Ys boundary | Se _ el —— [Tare over 4 Fig. 4 shows « weather inseumen, Fig. 6 STumén’ shown and the weather clement it meeures, Gi) Describe how: the instrument werk, (Gi) Nit preaston shou be taken to obi accurte readings fom o 6 #0 10 show the fomzation of convectional i w ards esscisted with convectional rainfall, q iy ce, wht measures would you take o convectional rainfall and whet problems inthe process? minimise the hazards of; ‘ould vou encounter Photograph A (@) _Idemigy the problem and explain its likely causes, (ii) What measures can you tke 10 solve the problem shown i the ar m oto meee, [Turn ever ° (©) Fig.5 shows biomass in iferem ecosystems in Aftice onde i ri] | é Desi and expan the diferies sown ©) Yoh lp ofan nse en ne oslo | Section B (Economic Geography) Answer at least one question from this section, (Gl G__Lis any tree soures from which elec is generated in Zimbsbwe, (ti) Describe the genermtion of electricity from water (ii) Wa: do sou consider to be the benefits and problems asso ‘ith wate-generated elecviciy in Zimbabwe? ‘aes ns ®) pollution it 5 wy ted i sasociated Zane | show Sexhwat led) Ss roducton ia wleced saDe countries, Table ‘Average protusion (tonnes) 7.00 1406 2 72.000 . 1500 730 205 67000 (For South Affice, Zambia aod Zimbabwe, draw Show thir catches given in Tanie GO _Dessheand epain the vriaon in Ga production shown in reach dele in ABict have of ite beep ivcved a ban pricutune. © Outine the rnin fears of ban epicure 8 (© Explain the recent sis in urban agricul in Afisn, cH GO) What xvroamera nd social problems ar ikl ote faced as ‘result of urban cultivation? ») Fig. 6 shows three methods (X,Y and Z) used to conserve agricultural yi ZI No culate 3a a Fis 6 | (Name te etod ued enc of Yond 2 oy | (Explain the tem ‘processing industry’ (3) For enamed processing industry you have sdied, draw a labelled sketch map to show the factors het influenced its leation (Whats industial elocaion? (Asan industrials, what arguments would you put forward for fad against the relocation of industry’? (©) Fig.7 isa cartoon showing conflict in landuse ina rural eres in Zimibabsve, 1 @) Name two areas in Zimbabwe where such x confict ocows. [2] abelled (0) Describe the landnse conflict shown in the cartoon and suggest, nm ‘how it can be solved. 6 a Section C Population, Setement, Transport and Trade) "im Azawer at est ne question fom this seton. 7 (a) Describe the factors leading tothe development of muclested rural settlements. @ (i) Ifyou were « Rural Development Planner, what points would you ris t convince locals in a haphazard settlement on the ‘eed for planned resetlemest? 4 0 (&) Fig shows two diferent ypes of housing foundin «town in a wo Fig. 8 Describe tnd explain the differences berween the ro ypes of housing sbowa.| “Wit reference to an example, explain the wban problems faced Dy resents of housing type Y and suggest ston 1 these problems t ‘wat problems ae ikely tbe encountered in implementing the solutions suggested in bi) above? l ‘deatfy snd explain one problem commenly faced by residents in housing type X. 1 frat a (8) (Same any three method used clloe:poplaion de oy a percentage eaibtion of populton in Zimbabwe (1982) Table2 Province Urban Rua Toat__| Dasicd nas | wo | vatoosin Cees | 405 Law| | atonal East 601 io | | mstoataoa we | 2420 wo | Mabeiend Now nee | x00 emnatind |e | Midiands | ae 100 | fo Mesvinge | si8 | 1. | fig; Hews 9855 jm | (i) Desaribe he dsb shown in Table a) (i Drawaber gap oepese: hewn npn shown in Table2,excioding Harr and Bulawave. ro} (©) “Wat evidence indicates tat there is overpopulation inte comsaanal areas of Zante? ar (© Asapopulaon resource officer, whet argument would you give fr and ‘gains the migration of people across interationl boundasies? m 2 9G) Delinethesem poeta with referent ae a (4) Won evidenes ndionis the there prsevoiam in Zimbabwe? 5] (uy sugges two adveages of ade ibeniaton. 3 () Fig. S'shows the nature of imports and expors for # county. 9 Expons Imports 35 Fig. (Describe the name of the country’s rade. (i) Outline the disadvantages of this type of wade (Gil) How can this counry create a favolrable balance of rade? ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCEL ral Certificate of Education Ordinary Level wet 5) a POSSIBLE ANSWERS JUNE 2008 8 8 i} GEOGRAPHY 2248/2 @ w + between Eurasian ané North American plates between Affioga end South American pate + betwees Affcan end indo- Australian plates Desutive boundary + between ané Nazca and South American planes + Detween the Burasen and Pec pater 1 mack each ® Examples: - _-Nyamlagira, Mourn Vesuvis Pina Tubo, Mount Sain Helens [voeanoss} Indonesia; Algeri (1989), Mozambique (2006) = death ofpeoole + destuccion of buildings + destruction of crops = homelessness cxming off of electricity and telephone services = cutbreak of elec fire + floss hot ave fom + displacement of communication line ¢¢ roads an rllways + shonage af drinking wat Shock + polation ‘oor visibility * dseares homage of food I mukesch danger. ){forexamplestoamexof2 (7) cexly warring systemeuse sirens ‘movement ffs aem/evacuation ‘reinforce buldings education Gils for faster evacuion of buildings + wide streets waich cannot easily be Blocked by rubble + javedarss underground bunkers 2 counselling + provision of fod, fash water, clothing, medicines nd shelier Timarkeach (4) 3] 2 (©) @ = High votume from December to March — rainy season = Lowvolume from April = September = dry season + Rapid decrease (March ~ Apnl)~ end of reiny season ~ + Gradual nese (Avgust- November) - begining of rainy season | + Rapid ineeate (November - December) - increase renal u | 1 mack each Reterto graph 5] Reserve 3 for DE o During high volume period eosion and mensportproceses are high « Jarge volumes and sizes of loa are transport | During period of decrease in volume, smal quantities of load are tneported snd rate of erosion i ow uring ow vole pari, depoton wl be o einen o ' "a eck “ (©) Shape ~ meander Bunk commer off slope ® Ww 5, 1 ak ech 1] oa © eumet - —sygonets/vet an dy bal hemomate > | Element” = uit apo com | 1 mark each co) . When ey = owt suckled yt usin ale eaprs os + hoi te wet ub barons lowering ts oe ‘Empewuire + By bulbs oe act 2 Padomncr we ure Whenumid ~ evpgation iat o te wi ub + IST wl bestow an he dy baba diteccs twee ets When seuratn- theres no differences betwen the two bulbs Imarkeach (6) (Gi) Place iin the Stevenson seen. ‘Regularly refilling the containe with distled water. (1), 6) 3) \ fag Yr cans! | [Hora (Ja fe Sebonds | Tightmmgt fot bei v Heng EL cae hotah cir sts al dy sr sinny ‘ rth, NE Hot ground ‘Mark by}; for each iabet ‘ Gi) Hazards ising ee eit, Saigon ins, indie, dems oot, oon nope a mk (iy) Moun = ligiting condor, early warning systems, education, cloud dissipation, ffresationeforesaton sing nver banks, resetemenvievacuon. feeting om higher ground, constructing storm duns, tom abortion Problems: = ignorance lack of co-operation remoteness of stlements, capital and ‘machinery, manpowapinaccessibly te Tmark each, Reserve 3 for MiP o ne ps o © Problem: __—Envroamental epradeonleforestion/scil erosion Overgazed ecosystem Oversscking Foren dearance Buring of veld Overpopaation Drousis 1 mar each Alforetation Dastaking Paddocking Regrasing with vetiver grass Popuiaton contro! Resetlement Iigaton Eéussion Legisition 1 mari each o ‘Equatorial as largest biomas (about 2600 k/ha) do large biodiversity, high rafal, high temperature, aot of liner, Savannah is second highest (about 500 gf) due vo seatona rainfll” ‘ry winters and moderaely high emperanres ‘Desert as the las (about 4.SOkg/ha) beceuse of sbeene of anf, scanty vegetation and absenee of liter. 1 mark each Reser 2 for DE © Dometic end indeilvase ‘Unsllsat refs by ey enn “ack of proper dump plas in ban rss Lack of pani by ot thers Lack of supply of bins ‘Weak eorronmenl poi ow fe for drping eit Uncontoled vending Lack of se Erp Chitin Cty Counel ag 1 mark each ~ (7) Res 2 for examples, Reeve | mark forprobiem (5) 1s a rst ‘ Be = code, oop am a, 2 mark each Any) o (= water dops fom x lige head by avi + it flows trough penstocks to turbines the fore ofthe wate turns turbines the tuming turbines move generators ‘the genertors produc: eleetriity 1 mark ech © i) enesns Problems renewable Group lovers production clean feavonal yratior in wale volume cheap ‘smal ner ouli-pupose ‘sharing basins with otber countries + inital eos of construction is high + relocatin/estiemere of people V mark each Reseve 3for BP (714) ® @ 5] South, Afrisa i] Lambia Dimbabsit 1 mark: ach for each segment labels or key © @ © @ ® @ iy o ® Descinions «= xaos Increased erosion Nex vex Tecana hs largest ch - these have rein lke nd aa second fiver Zanini are = long teadson offing man i dit of corms) Ziabwe, Angoln and = few ange prem ves Sout Aisca velow nna fakes volumes rst, Swaaiend be - sl popula mares) ‘omen caches’ + fern inks ant lee vers Nembin tas low eats | Gop ences euch 1 mark ac, Reser for DME m wy is) eke pdsing Subsistence mie wet potato, épetable prediction eal, bit prodten iy Ineaste peducton saved faring rallies | maketh @) \nerplowment food thorage povery ig food pices relaxation of council by-laws Tmark each (4) | siltation of vrs and dams desrucion of pon bets inreasd da eel (a plisca) on of was sources, Ge cn sary te sonics Std polation om iter om 14 1 marke = windigat = Sono idsngpiowgting 2 legsaicn 1 matkeach ‘tees act as wind break and preven wind and water erosion ‘contour rigging increases infvatin and reduces surface not Prevents washing away of sol muten co) © o @ Z_—catvation 30 meres eway’from the siver prevents washing of sols into rverr and reduce siltation of vers and dame (3,32) (@) [22] bs} Industries concemed wit preparing raw materials for use or for futher smanuficturelexraction of removal of impurities from raw materia or ores @ Name imate actors = markets abou = anspor, waiersupply 7 max of 2 per factor 2 rawamaterial supply | Exampiss = Kedoma Tele indusry 5 Super Refinery ‘Wood Pulp Industry om 8 ‘When the industry/indusres move fom is orignal location to aew one @ For {promote economic development in depressed areas ‘decentralisation of industry employment creation provision of soci services tnfraseture development development of other industries ‘Acninst = unemployment loss of revenue under utilization of sal ameniasinfastructure decry ‘migration of tiled and youtful population ‘seneral economic depression in old industri! areas ‘shost towns ete 1 mark each . Reere stra (7) (9) (Gonarechou National Park; Chewore NF, Hivange Nasional Park, “Matetsi Game Reserve areas around Nation! Parks, CAMPFIRE reas, ec 1 mack each a [ (G) — Desscption: aver wans the elophant removed because destroys . etpation and huts. The oust wants the elephant fo reas in ‘he wes to.watch or photograph | i t Relocate the elephant ane he tourist Reset the villager eisewhere Fence the ares to separate the to land uses cling sel up CAMPFIRE 3 mark each om Reeve? DIS bs) 7 ca) (= atershortage ead to clustering around water source pretence oF resource base eg. tigation Ienile soils + defesive poise nodal poias = ross roads areas/poims etc + flalane'e& mouminous ares sovornmen:poisyleysiaion Sociaveulural, eg afound sche Vimar each (4) i+ Ease provision of respon + eter *gehools i = dhines 2 ison Yow for eoutbledistsbution of ble land Vimar each (8) 18) % © x y Explanations bie house small house ‘Xforésbilty and stans symbols wit} big vares sll varde afferdabiity and same symbots t guess no guters Afferent desions uniform design of individual taste for X i orhouses douses | owses under tes owses under asbestos for bemty and durability big windows smal window ‘or beau, more light arealled ‘wooden fered seouty end privacy for X 2 mac cach © Re 2DE Ww i) Examples: Mare. Sahubva, Moba, Maiokobs et Probleme: = Qvercrowding 2 Noss poliatom ‘Mega! sruesres Land pelluion Snorage of wate ‘Sewage bursting High nme rate igh levels of unemployment Drug abose Preesure on schools and clisios preston Aigease te Solwions: ~ lean vp operations ‘fice refse collection legislation sare plice pals ‘vechuling Sewage systems ‘ew schoo and eines ‘ducaton on fay panning Smprove quality off in rural res te ‘esetlement + matk each example. 1 mark each Res 2 for PIS (7) ii) Problemy = —‘Shomage of funds Shore of fol ‘Weak envionment laws 2 Hight rae 2 Hip rralsuban migetion 2 Compton 1 Misappropriion offends Limark each @) ivy problems = Thofuburalary Canecking 2 Murder Esplanaion residents ae targets mainly bcnuse they have bh icone, lage homes and many sd beautiful cars, well urished homes Temkeach (@) (17) Res 1 PE si @ w «iy Population cea {Vial regisraion sysem eg thom schools, hospital, parishes, + Sample surveys Tmark each (3) * Bulavavo as the largest percentage inthe urban aree which is hundred Petes and with 2ero i the rural ares, followed by Haare wich tee ‘he sacond lowest pervencage inthe nul wese {Mashonaland Eas his the largest percentage in thera arees ~ Mashonaland East asthe smalst percentage of populion the urban 1 ra cask Retertoata (3) Ba Banh 2 mm for sole 4 mac or ame of province J mic fer ore ar NB: Wrong orn scale= 20 mark © 04 at ye of land for agricutture o sein ‘Yields evidence of and dewraduon eg. sil erosion the use of marginal land/ress which cannot suppor sustained agriculture lack of adequate grazing and ‘Exodus of people from rua reas into towns daeppearance of the natal woodland ssarvng animale hah of disease Vmarkeach 4) (4 mporttien of inowledge and skllstechnology everation of foreign cunency wher people overseas send money home !mperton of foreign goods which could be ber thas loc! seas eation of job opporunines asin xenophobia brings abou: “brain drain” or les of sll workers local goods become expensive since prices ca be determine by people mponation of foreign cures ‘amily tes are broken decrease in productin/undertlisation of resources 1 mark esch Reserve 3 for FA o i 2s) « °) o @ « o w ay 2 “These ae methods used to protect a cours economic interess (2) “use of tarts to discourage te importuion of goods into te country tation of quota to comrol the quanines of impor coring into ‘he country offering subsidies eg tex concession to encourage export 1 mask masod: 1 mark explanation © limited wade esrictons more trade pares ‘mare goods ‘ade relations improve enophobia . decrease in producionnder ulation of resources pes Trav each @) (9 more imporviessexpons ‘exports mostly raw mazerials Imports motly processed goods bighest impor is machinery ad lowest is beverages Fighes exports gold and the las i exes Ierrochrorne isthe second highest export ‘ranspor af equipments the second highest import 1 mark each oine Refertogrph = (6) negative, adverse or unfavoursble balance of wale fxport ae of low value ~ primary goods Imports expensive, high value storage of foreign curency ow prices of expors determined at international commodin market paces of parry goods aways Sacuaing because of ooded markets oes of manufactured goods aways rising ‘competion from oer countnes selling primary goods 1 marke 0 reduction of dependence on the export of unprocessed primey raw raaterils texpors of processed goods benefciaton of primary products tdiversification into ren high quality and competitive produ ‘minimisation of costs of production by purchasing high technoicay machinery tse of tants to discourage the importation of goods into the country ‘location of quoms to conzol the quantities of imports oni fering of rabides eg 14 concession io encourage expons [16] TE markeach (S) (25) General Certificate of Education Ordinary Leve! PAPER Multiple Choice 150.000 Survey Map is enclosed with ths question paper ‘Aeon Meri Multiple etic aniwershet Sof lean eae 5 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do-not open this booklet until you are told todo so by the inveltator. ‘Wite your same, Cente number and candidate numiber on the ancwer sheet Provided unless this has already been done for you, possible answers, A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and reease Soft pencil on the separate answer sheet Read very carefully the instructions on the answer sheet INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Each comet answer will score one mack. ‘A mak will not be deducted fora wrong answer. ‘Any ough working should be done in this bootie, "This question paper consists of 20 printed page Conyrish: Zimbabwe Scho! Esambstios Council N20, GEOGRAPHY 2248/1 | NOVEMBER @8SESSON —siettgtns | hart tre forty questions inthis pepe. Answer all questions, For each question ther are four ZIMBABWE SCHOOL. EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL in te spaces youre in (Ture over 2 Mapwork Questions 11 12 ref tose 1:50 000 map of Mapes, Zimbabwe ‘Whats the singe characteristic ofboth the Deb and Mates sives? A meandering B oxbowlakes gorge sections D — disebatries “The direction of flow ofthe Deka river is A North Eas. B North West © South East 1D South West What isthe approximate aes of cultivated lad ingrid square 58907 A tn BOL sks? cnt DOS kn? “The sixefigure eri reference for Mwembs Dip i A 540880. B 541896. 6541 D 880540. ‘Which of the following grid squares ha the steepest slopes? A S73 B 6 C3585 D Se “Te physi fear in the nor eas: corer af te map berween Easing 56 a ois! ‘A porte, BR onege. c plain D platen. 1 n a ‘The bearing of 610 in grié square $884 from 608 in grid square 5689 (6 A 5s Biss. cle. D 28. ‘All ofthe following are reasons for the location of Chief Wange’s home ingrid square 15389 except nearness to A powerline. Broad. Cate D people, ‘The settlement pattern made by huts in grid square 5797 is Aline Bo scatered, C reoungular, D crear, ‘The length in km ofthe main road between Eastngs 56 and 58 is 38. 25 1B. os reason forthe sinall area under culivationon the map extract isthe presence of steep slopes. ining fishing. commercial forest. som 3 come (Turn over ‘The diagram below shows a section drawn along Northing (0. 2 Fees ses 8 “The area represented is berween Eastings 57 and 60, a7 and 83. 53 and. S6and61 D =e 16 Study the layout of £27 P would there bea more serous problem of rised Uemperatues ife weather station was esablished heer | t | At which ofthe sites A,B, | ‘Sn4y the ble below showing wecky readings of the Sis themomeer } | [Fier | stay] Weaesaay Th nay | Fig | ‘Seiuday | Sindy — | [Maximum | 3p cm 30 cry 36 a temp CC) i (ee ae 1 ra 7 lem) | LC ‘When was the daily teaperatre range a its highest? A Thusday Bo Friday © Saurday D Sunday 3 Physical Environment 13. Study the diagram batow: len 2 a nal show B heavy convection © ver light eainfat! D- continous cyclo Which of A.B. C or D repisents the station described above? [Turn over 8 » “Which ofthe fllowing is river depositional feature? A B c D levee pothole ‘waterfall lift ‘Sudy the diagram below. “The fault resulting from the movement shown is called @ A B c D ‘normal fault reverse fault simple fouls, tea fan. At which ofthe following regions is inte movement deseribed es constructive? vom fold mountain belts smid-oceanic ridge zones island ae regions oveanis trench zones ‘The main process responsible forthe formation ofthis anor i A corrosion B exfoliation, Cros action D — rootaetion ‘The diagram below itusratess drainage panem ‘The pater sealed A denditc. Bo paralc Crit D telis [ur over 10 23 Study the photograph below. “The type of vegetation shown has adeptedf6 ‘A. Towsninall and high temperatures throughout the ear, B bot wet summers and cook, dry winters «Gam, dry summers and cool, wet Wint=® $ —_Hosvy ranfall and high temperatures throughout the Year aA The practice of going toes in an re that ever ry before led A. afforestation Bdeferesation. C reforestation, 1D revegetation 2 hich ofthe lowing det anf i roduod by wae eponiin? A bute B _rockpedestal Cadi D allie! fan ‘Beonomie Geography rural gas coal rade oll ‘uni voee avo | | | | ee | u 27 The diagram below shows a hydre-lectric power plant Which ofthe following represems the head of water and penstoc respectively? Heagofwmer — Benstock. w ¥ x Zz Zz x ¥ w vom 28 The Zimbebwean government is removing people from Gonarezhou National Park. The protect soil from over-use by subsistence farmers protect the villagers against dangerous wildlife. ‘rene more space for iigstion create an extensive interetionsl pame park cae 2 29 The map below shows the growing ares of a certain crop in Zimbabwe, Which cop is it? A citrus fruit B tobacco sugar eane Dots 13 30 Study the diagram below. J , et polit per ete (5000) rr ee ieance fom mae! (om) ‘Which ofthe crops A,B, C or Dis generating the highest prot at a disance of 50 km fom the market! nenomt turnover “ 31 Study the diagrams below which show different farming systems ‘Which of tie diagrams A, B. C or D represents intensive market gardening? 1s 32, Staiy the graphs below, . ! t | Time in yeas —> times A, B, Cor D iste country least developed? 38. Which group of activities is made up of terdary industies ony? banking, research, farming ‘tunspon, food processing, marketing marketing, trandpor, insurance tourism, fishing, banking enw meee [Ture over 16 Population, Settlement and Trade 34. Stuly the pie chars below showing proportoas of population living in urban areas for our countries. @2e6G6 xB rea Which ofthe countries A,B, Cor D is most urbanised? 0 35 Smidy he diagram below. ‘The pattern of setlement shown is A dispersed, Bo clustered © linea. D radia. anyon hee 36 Study the map below, a | ed we on ‘asprin [isan [=] a [ae] mene a7 38 19 “Ms, Moyo works a steel company and lives in an overérowed residential ares. Which ofthe following shows his work place and where he lives respectively? Work place] Where helives x 7 3 B 6 2 c 2 4 D 3 1 ‘Study the tble below. Country [Birt rate per 1000 per year | Death rate per 1000 peryear_] ro i iB 1 a % 30 1 w Lp Which country A, B, C or D bas the highest natural rate of populason increase? ‘The difference between the value of exports and imports for any cuit is called A. belince of payments, Balance of tre. C iavisible wade D visible rade, ie ya oo 39 Study the map below showing the number of journeys taken by buses in Zimbabwe per week. How many journeys do the buses make between Harare and Chinhoyi weekly? below 30 31-50 51-80 shove 80 com> 40 What term describes the daly movement of people to and from werk using various forms of tensport) A commuting B cieulatng Cycling D migrating SRR ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Generil Certilicate of Education Ordinary Level GEOGRAPHY 2248/1 MARKING SCHEME NOVEMBER 2008] > ew oOUOO> owe oes ee 4 Dd B zt B B D B B 4 st D 8 > A B A a D B ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ‘General Certifieate of Haucation Ordinary Level ( | | | | GEOGRAPHY 2248/2, PAPER? 1 NOVEMBER 2008 SESSION ‘2 our 30 mites | | ‘Additional stein ‘ane er IME 2 hous 30 mines INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES number snd candidate number in the spaces provided on he answer Write your name, Cem | paperanawer bok | Xnower four questions ‘newer four ior om cath of Sestons A, Band C and one other question fem any secon Rone vow answers en the Separate answer paper provided. ee Moe more taanone sheet of paper, fasten the shects together. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES | The number of muss piveni brates [] atthe nd ofeach quesion or Pa teste | SSheich maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to llusate si 54% RST | sepytghe: Zimbabwe Seboo! Examinntons Coxe NDOOS 4 [Turn over Keowee oe 14 2) Fig shows two landforms resulting 2 Section A (Physical Environment) “Answer least one question from this section. from voleaic etiviy x 7 Dorma satire - Fig. 1 4 Esplin te cterene beeen av nd domant osteo ip Doserbe how xh of he non mad X nd RFT Pelee ose oe ia (i) Toe engson of nfo ¥ may wags eit ae a whales th rm wna, nd aroun ae ee ete on cosy ted comma fay anv ‘able 1 shows environmental conditions under whch weathering ukes place at thee differen: places P. Qand R. ‘Tablet [Mas aamaal erapernre Gy | Raunval emperanare range PO) [Tota anal inf a | Taal osion [Roak ope (Distinguish berween physical (mechanical) and ciemical vweatbeing By if) Using information in Table ! only, deserbe the weathering thst is Jikely to he dominant each ofthe places P, Q and R. ie (iti) Sogges: way iandforme at Q would differ from those at 1 [Pare over ® Fig. shows sources of wir masses ané Winds asfecting Aftica ip January SOURCE 1 \\ source > Pig.2 {Name and describe the characterises of the ar masses originating ‘at each of the Sources | and 2 shown in Fig. 2. a (i) Explain the possible weather conditions developing slong Zane 3 shown in Fig. 2 8 (ii) Suggest two weather hazards likely to be experienced at the ‘weather sation showm an, for each, propase ome solution to the hazard. i) 5 (b) ‘The graph below (Fig.3) shows the rainfall pater in Zimbabwe fom 19010 h i th | CNT DN re nr te i | (i) Stax the mean (average) anus rainfall for Zimbabwe shown and describe how this tigre is eaouleted, a (i) How woul the sail rend own in Fig, 3 be a problem to both the farmers and the government of Zimbabwe’ m @ @ in why” bacteria is very active in topical rainforest ms a (i) Despite the ver high levels of bacterial activity inthe mopical reinfores ecosystem, suggest why hums content inthe sols ver low By “ee Turn over o ‘rudy Fig. 4 which shows vegetation in tree different ecosystems A, B ay © @ ay | Bt | ccosystems shown, describe how the vegetation has adapt to the prevailing environmental conditions. 3 ‘one reason wy there is pleay of wildife in the ecosystem marked Bin Fig4 a ow hes the iand reform programme in Zimbabwe affected the Sevenna ecosystem” © Propose measures to deal with the effects of the land reform 4 sow o 7 Section B (Reonomic Geography) Answer at lees one question from this section Sustwinable ese of resources has involved the use of permits and the recycling of used materiale. Define the term ‘sustainable use of resources’ fe Gi) Using exampies. snow bow the use of permits and the recycling of used materials leads ro te sustainable use of resources 8 Photograph & beiow shows the mining of copper in Zambia. Photograph A. (@ Describe the scene in th photogra ro {Ture over w ai) 8 ‘What geoiogica! and economic factors encourage the exploitation of copper using the mod shown in Photograp A? fo Cutine te erviroamentl effects of mining copper sing the ‘method shown. 4 (fe) [chs been observed tha the natural resources in Zimbabwe sare so plentiful that te curent population inthe country’ ie insufScient to fully exploit them. Suppor this observation withthe help of examples. [4] 5 (a) Fig. shows «factor influencing farming in Zimbabwe, Preseason pricing | [retinas ‘Seeds eee (_Maskedoe ® ‘i Kad [ram [frm |e Fas [Nam th factor shown and one erop affected by this factor. (2) Deseribs. using information in Fig, the production ofthe crop named in (aki above 19 Sugges: problems tht have arisen in Zimbabwe asa result of the Preduetor of the crop under the condition shown, @ ib) Table 2 below shows su ’ i expos for Zimbabwe in 2005, Table 2 a Tees a [Honieahire 33 ——— Coie a i Sa TE el or (© Drewebe graph to ilurate the information given in Tabie 2. (6 (1) Despite sigifican: foreign currency earings fr the country crtine one aroblem faced by each ofthe tobacco and bee! exports of Zimbabwe. 2 (i) Propose solutions 1o the problems state in (Yi) shove. el cribs three wer in which '§ closes rested to agriculture 8 Fig.6 shows maerals and costs involved in toe manufacture of tree products by some duties ° re tt Sugar | ‘Waste | Sugar refining Q x0 100% [eee ee Fes 0 2 100% fos 4 SSO" | power consiue moshing Fig of examples dram fom Ac, explain the mos lori fr each ofthe ndurcesgvenin Fig 3) Ture over i © w “Table 3 shows trends in the performence of manufacturing industies i Zimbabwe. Table 3 Sige af apart intinis [ope aay) [Ter 980 oaT 78 Tom 3 er sd "000 I hae eH 30 Pe |i) Deseibe and explain the wends shows, i) As Minister of Industry and Interatonal Trae, what measuss athe yoo take to improve industrial activity im Zimbabwe? (i) Define the term "service indy _veserbe the sole of information technology in the Yours i indusry ofa county. usente {| 8 8 a 4 uw Section € (Population, Settlement, Transport and Trade) 381 one question Som this section. ‘rural setdement in the Midlands Province of 9 ani 2006, Fig @)—_Deseribe end explain the differences inthe rural satlement between 1995 ana 2008 shown in Fig. 7 7 (ii) Explain three advantages ofthe settlement patter for 2006 show in Fig. 7. 8) ty ®) (bi) Distinguish between urbanisation and urban growth Ry i) Inthe 21* cennay, urbanisation and whan grow have been more ‘api in developing countries than in developed ones Why dovrou think tis has been ¢0? ful and explain one negative effect of rapid urban growth ity in developing countries, 2) Fura over 8 ® 2 Fig, shows population densi in Zinbsbwe in 200 aaiinn ro ¢ ern 90 f been et 1 ) Fig. 8 Wout is meant by thee pops desi"? 2 (Describe and exp tbe popion densi Sow inFigs. (8) (dy Suggest how te eae fiecied the densities shownin Fig Explain why population row rates ae sowing dove fof tbe developing wore adr goverment land refomn programme might 14] many countries 1B (© Study Fig. 9 whiet she "5 Sours of water supply in a rural esvironment im Southern Ace, Fig.9 © Wemity two diseases associated with vectors which ‘ving around th area shown in Fig9 wil utfer ene 2 (As rua! health works, for eat of the diseases you have identified in (9 [Tare over ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level POSSIBLE ANSWERS NOVEMBER 2008 © o ® ” @ wa 2 Active + “volomoes erupting now, frequently or showing sens of ectiviy Dormant = volcanoes hat are ‘esting’ sleping/rupe in recente history 3 matk each o x x volcanic lug shield yoleane ‘made from viscous lve Se rom basic lava * erupted through vert = eroped from many ventfisures + lav solidified in pipe * lava flowed exensvely tom * exposed tothe site by seaflor sideway= ersion + emerged above ex sure to form + lava more resistant then couney — islane rocks valent expion 2 mask each, Res? For XIV, Accept eater formation for Y 1NB: Ne mat for name of feature, © ‘Touma —_glant waves generated by earthquakes (her caused by ‘he violent eruption of he voleano) 12 Bifecs —- ling of many peopeldrowning : buying many alive + builings lipse, injuring people rons, tlzsommunicatonsdisruped + cropsfood supplies dessoyed Sdissse outbreak ete Anymwoefiets 2 (4) [13 Physicl weathering i the breaking down of rocks wien het spo pressure ‘applied on them wile chemical weathering is the decay of rors ering Uber chemical composition 2 marks any | fll difference 2) zg 2 + kyérolysivhumificstion ~ carbonation/soltion + Equatorial area * opal temperte area + high Ts, smal Tange + high ntl! ~ igb rainfall 2 lows = theck vegetation accept dele desertion of carbooaton > active on granite Accept detaiod description of nydrolysivnumifiation i 2 j = © Gi @ @ a 3 + tow rina 1 induced by T change 1 accept detailed description of exfoliation 2markseach by Ks (6) ‘Landforms at Q = accept surface landforns/featres ike grikes, clint, swallow hols, ey ‘alleys, bling valleys vals, dolines and ples. Also accept features Iubterrancen such as cavers, stalactites and stalagmites a well as underground river “= min reasons ~ products of carbonation on Test rock in atemperae sodforms aR “accept dryland granite Features such es spheroidal boulders, sre, inselberes, pediment: = tutin reasons ~ products of exfoliation and fash ods on granite rock ia {thot dese environment 1 mark each Res for QR. No mask for mere mention of landfomn(8) [13] P51 Source Sou Name: Te(Tropial Cominenta ‘Tr Tropea maritime? Characteristics: ~hot dry, stabi, vam, wet unable marks each on charac /& (6) 1 mk for ideniying Zone 3a the ITCZmenpcal convergence zone the hot, Te underats the warm mest Tm Convective setiviy takes pl {be rising al expands nd cools ‘cumulonimbus cloud velop inline qual form beavy rns fl, ccompanied by thunder and fighting 1 mark for mame of zoneand & fr descriptions = Tighing = Tightning conductors, edveaton, saying indoors, EWSs(erly waming systems) ~ vient winds = EWSs,evacusiog, pluting wees sround homes, baricading homet ooding =” EWS, evieution higher groun ‘embankments, lod contol dams, rescue ‘operations c) o @ % @ « eater azar 4: halistoems Solutions saying indoors, educatioe, EWS, cloud seeding ‘Any 2. I mk foraame end | mk for solution 4) 13) Mean rainfall 700 mm a Calculation = ad he mean annual rainfall ofthe 103 years and then divide by 103, 2 Or + atthe individual annul totals and then divide by he number ofyearscoverd 72) ‘tends show unreliable rainfall both canoe accurely pln using the available date + above normal rains wil eause onding (accep al problems related to Foods} ~ below normal rifles in drought (seep all problems related wo rough) ~ problems of lod contot, evacuating poop, diseases ete should be scopes ots of dealing with drought e.g, importing food, balding dams, ‘relocating people and livestock o droughts eres shoulé be accepted Candidates can pick on specific years of foting and droughts and outine the probiems faced individually or naionlly. Tai s eerpable. 1 mark exch poin. 0) 9) 2s) Reasons igh rainfall + high tempentures lisp biomass to act on sable ecogem mk esch @ mus content ie ver low because + much is quickly taken up by rapidly growing. vegetation + itis leached by water + itis washed away by surface runoft ~ itis food for smal creatures e ants and termites Tmiceach © 6 A = tll uees~ rapid grow, high 7's, high rainfall, competition for sualight + butressed rots shallow sls to anchor he ge ees = climbersinss~ for suppor, 1 getto the sunlight ele undergrowth — canopy 8 1B umbretie shaped mee = scattered trees space to spread out to protest root fom the sun © ® @ ® o ‘rboked tank + fire, heat, effect of wind sal grass 1 seasonal Fre, spaced ees 3 dey Bass + ryseatoniow rina succulent leaves ~ store wate, long bot dy climate + thems wo reduce evapotranspretion © = cactusteuphorbie losses few plans hot dy climate an poor sis BO) ‘Reasons plenty of food: plenty ofspace ® movehide (1) (00) ~ plenty of wate onthe surface Enc ofecorystem - deforestation {destruction of anima babs Increased 801 erosion seduced rainfall fre clearance ~ desruction of micro-organisms burning loining sols : Jnoreesed surface, 003 emission and global warming = Sesruction of wildlife through poaching ee 1 marksach (8) Possible measures - ‘epson eganst tree outing ust offre Finesfimprisonment against poachers *—edomton (sp. by AREX) fFequentanlt/monitoring of lnduse systems pote pels to implement measures ec ‘eforetatos Vrmarkceach (9) 8) Susinale ws ofresousts ~ the wise se of esourcesty the preset fooraon so tht heya avaible ot fate generations marks fr fll definition. (2) Jesofgermits © fthinglounting permits ~ this resets the (ganiiscaug/humed; it controls times for fishing ting: permit holders cis wha 6 caughturtd: permis are expensive to limit the nsberoflders; his prevents fverishinyoverhurtng to protect he faba, Recveling eg bf paperférap metalrboes— used faaievsis ae reused over and over this o © o o o a 0 w reduces the cating of tofwaodst produce paper othe mining of more minerls for ‘metal and boties vaiable fore andlor minerals re conserved for future use. |Lmkeach, Res. 2 for Use/Reeyling (57 + open cast mining ‘chanised mining + dragline digs and fads the ore + Upper lary kes the copper away + fiat operating pators rough rock exparures around + some rock rubble pled on ground (result of basting?) Geological Economie Timk eee © + ore less than 50 meves below the ground surfice + ore seams horizontal and extensive ere body above the water table concentration o be ezonomic ~ cepital required in arge amounts to: bu’the machine ay the sled labour pay Tor anspor end power instal rushing plant * demand for copper mus be high wo warrant large capil Tmkesch. Res? for GE (6) Environmental effects - vegetation clearance to sat open-ott mining Factor + Crop = ‘mcunsains of removed overburden + dist polution frm basting and moving machinery noise polition fom machines and basting + Sows on te surface after abandonment ofthe + pied with thy water - mosquitoes, Sails et Tmkeach ® 114) ‘uch land inthe courtry unoccupied Le. population density fo the country i mall at 30K Vegi fores sl pleatfl in he country eg. Eastern Highland, Gokwe Non SE Lowveld, ambeei Valley es ‘minerals we coocnuously being discovered eg platinum, iamonds, gold, coal, naural gas wildlife ii abundance ~ mos poachers are fm ouside Zimbabwe 1 mark each point and 1 mkeach example (4) (4) (25) ‘government policy aizeiwheat a mark eck Only maize i described here iy izes Seats ‘Macketing government ennounces selling pices of maize to farmers to encourage them w plant more raize ast ta staple food crop these ae supplied to farmers, esp. Al ones at Ssubsidaed cos, or usually for Bee. A2 farmers fave to buy the ow ferlizes, ammeniur nite and compound D. Goverament imports ‘or aaks local producers suply see the ferlizrs station ‘om the farms, is compulsory in Zimbabwe to sell matze to the GMB at prseribed prices ‘The GMB then sells to maze miles. AS millers supply retail outs, then sel at ries determined by these, { miesch. Rep I foreach aspect (6) late anouncement of produce: prices season prices may not be given so farmers fd not grow enough hecurage of th crop feriliers and seeds nay be suicien. forcing govemeno impor, wating ears Some farmers sel the ferlizes and soeds, Fesulting i low crop yields ‘uch coupon hes sulted rom the Gistibution and aliaction of eed and feriizer tnilarsby-pat the GMB to dea directly with farmers, creating shorage price controls make millers eet, Fueling he binckemae: consumption of sed a fot late distribution of seed and feilier oor quality of sed Infiation shorage of fue! mark each @ 02) ° @ ay Soper Bar grap. Each comec abel = #4, Wrong ot no sale - no mark, ‘Tobacco Best Beet HorticuHure. CoHon © Jow volumes exported due ans-tobaceo lobbying drought, poor quality caused by disease + diseases (anthre, foc and mouth ex.) leading to suspension of exports, sanesons ~ pallies where waditional mie so Zimbabwe's beef rough Tmkeach —(@) + look for other miss eg, RSA, East Asia ee + follow stringent advertising sandarde on effets of ‘tobacco to educate consume = buy edequate medicines o dea wit disease outbreaks + quarantine affected areas and vaczinste ‘ainain high sandars of animal husbandry + closely monitor and contol ovement of bua fore parks Tmieash 2) (10) supply of ferilzers -. ZIMPHOS manufactur of chemical insesic des, fungicides ete ‘manufacture of agricalure machiney e.. ploughs ators processing of agncalural produce eg. Blue Ribbon ‘anufecure of irigetion pipes ® 8 BD Eg. Teangle/Hippo Valley(Chiredai (2) raw materia lection (1) {tee nap o5 (1) 85% espe cane is wate sod only 1940 is supe! (2) © ‘TV assembly - Alumni smelting ’ Eg. Philipa WRS —HarareBulswaye (1) Sled labour location (1) ‘killed labour location (1) skilled labour is avaiable in lrg cies (1) where there iso sccommodition and enteriinment(). It woul becom 10 ‘move the labour to new ates (2) 73 Eg. TemaiAkosombo (Ghans) (1) power-based location (1) In this induwery power costs ae te highest (1) (55%) the making of aluminium needs much power (1) (he clearsity seeded 19 make one tonne of aluminium is as much 5 thet used by ar ordinary haus in Europe in 12 yrs) 3 In each case, 1 mi for aame of industry, 1 mk fr locational orieaton and 1 mk for @ w escrinions 1980 - 190: 2000 =| 1980 1990 2000 — a 1990 = decrease in operating industries 2000 > decrease in operating industries 2006 sharp decrease is operating industries 199) ~ increase in operating capacity 2000 = decease in operation capacity 2006 = decrease in operation capacity Inrest in operating expesty due wo: country independent: period of| constuction 9 199; forex avalible; mls evalable Drop det Measures Shore of forex sion low exchange rate factory closures wage end pricing policies tnt of RSA, Chis and Botswana produess power and fel proiems ‘Tmikeach, Res? for DIE (5) = Sevaive the Zim dollar = promote the tourism industry fr more forex 2 duce tx on company export earnings import mere fuel and power

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