Confidential: American College of Prosthodontists 2015 Mock Exam

American College of Prosthodontists
2015 Mock Exam
1. Methods of surface conditioning for bonding resin to Zirconia ceramic restorations include all of the following
except:
a. mechanical abrasion with carbide burs.

b. plasma spraying with hexamethyldisiloxane.
c. application of low fusing porcelain.
d. selective infiltration-‐etching.
e. proprietary surface modification technique.

Answer: a
Reference: Kern M. Controlled airborne-‐particle abrasion of zirconia ceramic restorations. J Prosthet Dent
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2010;103:127-‐8.
2. A systematic review of the literature regarding patient preference for occlusal scheme in complete denture
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prostheses showed that:
a. monoplane occlusion was the most favored.

b. lingualized and conventional bilaterally balanced occlusion were equally favored.
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c. all occlusal schemes were uniformly preferred.

d. lingualized bilaterally balanced occlusion was the most favored.

Answer: b
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Reference: Abduo J. Occlusal schemes for complete dentures: a systematic review. Int J Prosthodont
2013;26:26-‐33.
3. One criterion for success of ceramic systems should reveal 95% or greater success at 3-‐5 years. Which of the
following ceramic systems has demonstrated a medium term success at 3-‐5 years within this parameter for
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posterior restorations?
a. porcelain fused to metal

b. leucite reinforced porcelain
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c. monolithic lithium disilicate

d. layered zirconia

Answer: c
Reference: “Clinical Evaluation of 860 Anterior and Posterior Lithium Disilicate Restoration: Retrospective
Study with a mean follow up of 3 years and a maximum Observational Period of 6 Years” Fabbri G, Zarone F,
Delliificorelli G, Cannistraro G, De Lorenzi M, Mosca A, Sorrentino R; Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent
2014;34;165-‐77.
4. In a palatogram “______” sounds imprint the posterior hard palate, soft palate, and most posterior teeth
followed by release in the center of the soft palate.
a. “s” & “z”

b. “t” & “d”
c. “ch” & “j”
© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

d. “y”, “g”, “ng”
e. “sh” & “zh”

Answer: d
Reference: Goodacre CJ, Garbacea A, Naylor WP, Daher T, Marchack CB, Lowry J. CAD/CAM fabricated
complete dentures: concepts and clinical methods of obtaining required morphological data. J Prosthet Dent
2012; 107: 34-‐46.
5. All of the following recommendations are true for CAD/CAM technology for the survival rate and incidence of
complications of single implant supported fixed reconstructions except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Zirconia abutments should not be ground, abraded or adjusted by the clinician or technician following
sintering, unless recommended by the manufacturer.
b. The design of the full ceramic abutments should be based on the metal abutment design to be able to
distribute stress concentrations or the development of unfavorable stresses.
c. Ceramic abutments should not replace metal ones for all indications.
d. The performance of bonded titanium-‐zirconium implant abutments is not yet established, thus caution is
recommended in the clinical use.

Answer: b
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Reference: Daniel Wismeijer, et.al. Proceedings of the fifth ITI consensus conference: Consensus Statements
and Recommended Clinical Procedures Regarding Restorative Materials and techniques for implant
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dentistry. JOMI. 2014, 29(Supplement):pg 139.
6. All of the following statements regarding color are true except one. Which one is the exception?
a. When anticipating a difficult match and extrinsic modification is anticipated, select a porcelain of high
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value, and low chroma

b. Additive mixing usually involves pigments and dyes
c. A low chroma color appears more gray
d. Surface color modification may increase metamerism
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Answer: b (Removed from grading)
Reference: Preston J.D. and Bergen S.F; Color Science and Dental Art, Chapter 7, Esthetic modifications.
C.V. Mosby Co. 1980.
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7. Which of the following is required to make the correct diagnosis of sleep apnea?
a. Cessation of airflow for more than 15 seconds and 20 or more apneic episodes per hour
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b. Cessation of airflow for more than 10 seconds and 5-‐15 apneic episodes per hour  
c. Cessation of airflow for more than 5 seconds and 20 or more apneic episodes per hour
d. Cessation of airflow for more than 5 seconds and 15 or more apneic episodes per hour 

Answer: b
Reference: Lavigne, G, Sleep Bruxism: A comprehensive overview for the dental clinician interested in sleep
medicine, Dent Clin N Am 2012;56: 387
8. All of the following statements comparing complications of cement-‐retained and screw-‐retained implant
restorations are true except one. Which one is the exception?
a. there is a significant difference in the rate of restoration failure
b. there is no difference between the rate of screw loosening and the rate of decementation
c. there is a significant difference in the occurrence of porcelain fracture
d. there is a significant difference in the occurrence implant failure

Answer: b
Reference: Sherif S, Susaria HK, Kapos T, Munoz D, Chang BM, Wright RF. A systematic review of screw-‐ versus
cement-‐retained implant-‐supported fixed restorations. J Prosthodont 2014;23:1-‐9.
9. Which research method can introduce bias and lead to a lower level of evidence?
a. Randomized controlled trials

b. Case –control
c. Case reports/case series
d. Split mouth studies

Answer: c
Reference: Hulley, S. et al, Designing Clinical Research, Fourth edition, 2013 Lipponcott Williamsv & Wilkins.
10. All of the following statements about denture adhesives are correct except one. Which one is the exception?
a. May improve retention and stability of both ill-‐fitting and well-‐fitting dentures
b. Chronic overuse of zinc-‐containing adhesives may cause hyperzincemia
c. Significantly improve bite force
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d. Significantly improve masticatory performance

e. The effects of long-‐term use on oral tissues is unknown
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Answer: d (Removed from grading)
Reference: Felton D, et al. Evidence-‐based guidelines for the care and maintenance of complete dentures: a
publication of the American College of Prosthodontists. J Prosthodont. 2011 Feb; 20 Suppl 1:S1-‐S12.
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11. What chemical most commonly serves as the inhibitor in poly(methyl methacrylate) resin systems?
a. glycol dimethacrylate
b. camphorquinone
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c. benzoyl peroxide
d. hydroquinone
e. dimethyl para-‐toluidine

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Answer: d
Reference: Anusavice KJ, Rawls HR, Shen C. Chapter 19 -‐ Prosthetic polymers and resins, in Phillips Science of
Dental Materials, 12th Edition, Elsevier Saunders, 2013, p. 475.
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12. As the wall height becomes shorter compared to the opposing wall in a crown preparation, the resistance
form ____________, and this is more prevalent in teeth with ____________ base sizes.
a. Decreases, larger
b. Decreases, smaller
c. Increases, larger
d. Increases, smaller

Answer: a
Reference: Bowley JF, Sun Arthur F., Kasumi KB Effect of Margin Location on Crown preparation resistance
form. J Prosthet Dent. 2005:92:546-‐550.
13. Which of the following components of speech is most readily influenced by maxillofacial prosthodontics
rehabilitation?

a. Respiration and Phonation
b. Neural Integration and Articulation
c. Resonation and Audition
d. Respiration and Phonation
e. Resonation and Articulation

Answer: e
Reference: Beumer J, Marunick MT, Esposito SJ. Maxillofacial Rehabilitation – Prosthodontic and Surgical
Management of Cancer-‐Related, Acquired, and Congenital Defects of the Head and Neck. Quintessence
Publishing, Chicago, p 213.
14. The Albrektsson criteria of success allows no more than ________ bone loss per year after the first year?
a. 0.2 mm
b. 0.5 mm
c. 1.0 mm
d. 2.0 mm

Answer: a
Reference: Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, Eriksson AR. The long-‐term efficacy of currently used dental
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implants: A review and proposed criteria of success. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1986;1:11-‐25.
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15. All the following statements are true regarding addition silicone materials except one. Which one is the
exception?
a. Silicone impression materials release hydrogen gas.

b. It is recommended that one wait at least 30 minutes before the gypsum casts are poured.
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c. Latex gloves have been shown to adversely affect the setting of addition silicone impressions.
d. Residual monomer in acrylic provisional restorations can accelerate the setting of addition silicone
impressions.

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Answer: d
Reference: Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig's Restorative Dental Materials , 13th Ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, MO,
2011.
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16. Early wound healing around endosseous implants involves phenotypic conversion of mesenchymal cells into
bone forming cells. What is the term given to this phenomenon?
a. Osseoinduction
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b. Osseoinversion
c. Appositional bone growth
d. Contact osteogenesis
e. Diapedesis

Answer: a
Reference: Raghavendra S , Wood MC , Taylor TD : Early wound healing around endosseous implants: A review
of the literature Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005; 20:425-‐431.
17. In posterior tooth preparation, what is the angle of the functional cusp bevel in relation to the long axis of the
tooth?
a. 15 degrees
b. 25 degrees
c. 35 degrees

d. 45 degrees
e. 60 degrees

Answer: d
Reference: Rosenstiel SF, Land and Fujimoto J: Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics. Mosby-‐Elsevier, 4th Ed.,
page 261.2006
18. All of the following are advantages of the posterior palatal seal except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Provides retention
b. Prevents food from getting under the denture
c. Reduces gagging potential
d. Covers the fovea palatini to prevent air inflow
e. Counteracts resin polymerization shrinkage

Answer: c (Removed from grading)
Reference: Hardy, I.R. and Kapur, K.K.: Posterior border seal -‐Its rationale and importance. J. Prosthet. Dent.
1958; 8: 386-‐397.
19. All of the following muscles of the soft palate are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of Cranial Nerve X
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except one. Which one is the exception?

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a. Uvulus
b. Palatopharyngeus
c. Palatoglossus
d. Tensor veli palatini
e. Levator veli palatini
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Answer: d
Reference: Norton N. Netter’s Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry, Elsevier, 2011: p. 352-‐353
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20. What two structures comprise the pterygomandibular raphe?
a. Tensor veli palatini and the soft palate

b. Superior constrictor and the buccinator
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c. Lateral pterygoid muscle and the temporalis tendon
d. Masseter and buccinator

Answer: b
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Reference: Standring, S. Gray’s Anatomy. 39 ed. Elsevier; 2005. pp. 628-‐29.
21. Which of the following materials has been shown to be the greatest detriment to the retention of Locator
attachments?
a. Efferdent
b. Polident Overnight
c. Sodium hypochlorite
d. Listerine

Answer: c
Reference: You, W; Masri, RM; Romberg, E; Driscoll, CF; You, T: The Effect of Denture Cleansing Solutions on
the Retention of Pink Locator Attachments after Multiple Pulls: An In Vitro Study. J Prosthodont 2011;
20:464-‐469

22. All of the following muscles and/or tendinous attachments are associated with the pear-‐shaped pad area
except one. Which is the exception?
a. Buccinators
b. Superior constrictor
c. Stylopharyngeus muscle
d. Deep temporalis muscle
e. Superficial temporalis muscle

Answer: c
Reference: Jacobson TE, Krol AJ. A contemporary review of the factors involved in complete dentures. Part III:
support. J Prosthet Dent 1983;49:306-‐13.

23. All are true regarding processing deformation of denture base materials except one. Which one is the
exception?
a. Linear shrinkage of heat-‐activated acrylic denture bases is usually less than 1%
b. Heat-‐activated resins usually display better tissue adaptation than chemically activated resins
c. The fit of dentures polymerized using microwave energy is comparable to conventional compression
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molding
d. Heat-‐activated resins mixed at the suggested powder-‐to-‐liquid ratio exhibit a volumetric shrinkage of 7%
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Answer: b
Reference: Anusavice K. Phillips' Science of Dental Materials, 12th ed. Elsevier: St. Louis. pp. 474-‐91.
24. All of the following statements regarding dental zirconia are true except one. Which one is the exception?
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a. transformation toughening results in a phase transformation from tetragonal à monoclinic
b. pure zirconia exists in the monoclinic phase at room temperature
c. there is 0.02% expansion of the material upon sintering
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d. grain size is an important determinant of phase stability

Answer: c
Reference: Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater 2008;24:299-‐307.
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25. A positive Nikolsky sign is usually associated with which of the following condition?
a. HIV patients
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b. Candidiasis
c. Pemphigus Vulgaris
d. Lupus erythematosus

Answer: c
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Reference: Neville et al. Oral & Maxillofacial pathology. Saunders.2 edition.2002 p665-‐667.
26. All of the following are components of speech except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Resonation
b. Phonation
c. Respiration
d. Articulation
e. Intonation


Answer: e
Publishing, Chicago, p 213.
27. The masseter muscle does NOT typically refer pain to which of the following areas?
a. Ear
b. Cheek
c. Bridge of the nose
d. Maxillary posterior teeth
e. Mandibular posterior teeth

Answer: c
Reference: Simons DG, Travel JG, et al. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual; Vol. 1. The
Upper Half of Body. 2nd ed. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
28. In utilizing zirconia abutments with titanium implants, it has been found that:
a. The zirconia abutment is not altered due to its hardness, but the implant body is deformed.
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b. There are no differences in wear between using a zirconia abutment and a titanium abutment.
c. A zirconia abutment with a metal engaging sleeve should be used because this will prevent both the
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abutment and fixture from wear.
d. There is measurable wear on both the abutment and the titanium implant fixture.

Answer: d (Removed from grading)
Reference: Yeliz Cavusoglu DDS, PhD, et al. A Pilot Study of Joint Stability at the Zirconium or Titanium
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Abutment / Titanium Implant Interface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2014; 29:338-‐343.
29. All of the following regarding epidemiologic trends in head and neck cancer are correct except one. Which
one is the exception?
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a. Oral malignancies associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) are often anatomically site specific.
b. Despite a decrease in the use of tobacco products, the incidence of oral-‐pharyngeal squamous cell
carcinoma remains constant.
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c. More than 75% of the oral-‐pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed today are HPV positive.
d. Lichen planus has a low rate of malignant transformation.

Answer: b
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Reference: Vigneswaran N, Williams M. Epidemiologic Trends in Head and Neck Cancer and Aids in Diagnosis.
Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 26:123-‐141, 2014
30. Which of the following is not a characteristic in patients with a low Frankfort Mandibular Plane Angle?
a. Short clinical crown length

b. Increased biting force
c. Deep vestibule
d. Minimally tolerant of alterations to occlusal vertical dimension

Answer: c
Reference: DiPietro, G., and Moergeli, J.R. Significance of the Frankfort-‐mandibular plane angle to
prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent. 1976:36; 624.
31. Which of the following statements regarding subpontic osseous hyperplasia is true?

a. it typically appears under fixed partial dentures in the anterior maxillary sextant
b. it typically appears under fixed partial dentures in the mandibular posterior regions
c. it generally occurs coincidentally with soft tissue hyperplasia
d. it typically occurs with ovate pontics

Answer: b
Reference: Wasson DJ, Rapley JW, Cronin RJ. Subpontic osseous hyperplasia: a literature review. J Prosthet
Dent 1991;66:638-‐41.
32. In fabrication of a mandibular partial removable dental prosthesis, what is the minimum vertical height
requirement for the lingual bar major connector to have adequate strength and rigidity?
a. 2.5 mm
b. 3.0 mm
c. 4.0 mm
d. 5.0 mm
e. 8.0 mm

Answer: c
Reference: Carr, Brown. McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics, 12th Edition. Mosby, 2011.
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33. For patients who present with a non-‐reconstructed mandibular resection, which of the following is true
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regarding the distal segment at the physiologic rest position?
a. Will protrude and deviate toward the surgical side.

b. Will protrude and deviate toward the non-‐surgical side.
c. Will retrude and deviate toward the surgical side.
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d. Will retrude and deviate toward the non-‐surgical side.

Answer: c
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Publishing, Chicago, pp 103-‐121.
34. All of the following statements are incorrect regarding irreversible hydrocolloid impressions except one.
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Which one is the exception?
a. They become increasingly inaccurate as time from removal increases.

b. They may be wrapped in a wet paper towel for a short period of time before pouring without affecting
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accuracy.
c. Short-‐acting disinfectants will alter the accuracy of the impression.
d. Have their best accuracy when material thickness is 2 mm or less.

Answer: a
Reference: Nassar U, Aziz T, Flores-‐Mir C. Dimensional stability of irreversible hydrocolloid impression
materials as a function of pouring time: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2011;106:126-‐33.
35. Each of the following techniques has been recommended to minimize cement extrusion except one. Which
a. Use of pre-‐fabricated abutments

b. Placement of equi-‐gingival or supra-‐gingival restorative margins
c. Meticulous cleaning following delivery
d. Use of post-‐delivery radiographs only as a supplementary method for detection of excess cement

e. Use of a copy abutment

Answer: a
Reference: Linkevicius, T., et al.: The influence of the cement margin position on the amount of undetected
cement. Clinical Oral Implants Research; 2013; 24: p.71-‐76
36. Which of the following is the most common complication of a complete denture opposing a full arch
monolithic zirconia fixed dental prostheses on four implants?
a. Loosening of the denture

b. Wearing of the denture teeth
c. Tooth chipping on the denture
d. Fracture of the denture base

Reference: Limmer B, et al. Complications and Patient-‐Centered Outcomes with an Implant –Supported
Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Dental Prosthesis: 1 Year Results. J Prosthodont 2014; 23: 267-‐275
37. Intraoral preparation of a zirconia/alumina implant abutment can cause an increase in temperature within the
implant that:
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a. Causes bone necrosis

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b. Has no significant effect on the surrounding bone
c. Can affect the flexural strength of the abutment
d. Can cause thermal trauma to the gingiva

Answer: b
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Reference: Huh JB, Eckert SE, Choi YG, Heat transfer to the implant-‐bone interface during preparation of a
zirconia/alumina abutment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009;24:679-‐83
38. When making a face bow transfer, changing the anterior point of reference from the orbitale to the ala of the
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nose will:
a. Lower the occlusal plane in the anterior.

b. Raise the occlusal plane in the anterior.
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c. Not change the occlusal plane position in the anterior.
d. Not change the occlusal plane position in the posterior.

Answer: b
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Reference: Weinberg L: An evaluation of basic articulators and their concepts, Part I. Basic concepts. J Prosthet
Dent. 1963,13:622-‐644.
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39. The use of high-‐fluoride concentration toothpaste (5000 ppm F ) twice daily by adult patients has been shown
to:
a. Have no significant effect on untreated root caries surface hardness.
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b. Have the same effect on untreated root surface caries surface hardness as regular (1350 ppm F )
toothpastes.
c. Significantly improve the surface hardness of untreated root caries when compared to regular (1350 ppm
-‐
F ) toothpastes.
d. Have no risk of fluoride toxicity in adult patients.

Answer: c

Reference: Srinivasan M, Schimmel M, Riesen M, et al. High-‐fluoride toothpaste: a multicenter randomized
controlled trial in adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013;Dec. 20.
40. All of the following statements are true for implant-‐supported fixed dental prostheses in edentulous jaws
a. The need for simultaneous bone augmentation or sinus floor elevation is not a contraindication for
immediate loading.
b. Primary implant stability is critical for predictable osseointegration regardless of the loading protocol.
c. The number, size and distribution of implants for a full arch fixed prosthesis needs to be based on the
implant prosthodontic treatment plan, arch form, and bone volume.
d. With proper case selection, immediate loading of one piece full arch fixed interim implant prostheses can
be reliably recommended for both the maxilla and the mandible.

Answer: a
Reference: G.O. Galluci, et.al. Proceedings of the fifth ITI consensus conference: Consensus Statements and
Clinical Recommendations for Implant Loading Protocols. JOMI. 2014, 29(Supplement):289.
41. Which of the following statements regarding the cranial nerve VII is correct?
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a. It is a derivative of the first branchial arch that exits the cranium via the stylomastoid foramen, to supply
the muscles of facial expression.
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b. It is a derivative of the second branchial arch that exits the cranium via the stylomastoid foramen, to
supply the muscles of facial expression.
c. It is a derivative of the first branchial arch that exits the cranium via the stylomastoid foramen, to supply
the muscles of mastication.
d. It is a derivative of the second branchial arch that exits the cranium via the foramen rotundum, to supply
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the muscles of muscles of facial expression.

Answer: b
Reference: Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice – 40th edition
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42. All of the following recommendations are true for horizontal ridge augmentation in the anterior maxilla except
one. Which one is the exception?
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a. Ideally, a bone thickness of 2 mm should be achieved on the facial aspect of the implant.
b. The primary aim of horizontal ridge augmentation procedures in the anterior maxilla is to optimize
implant position in order to improve function and esthetic outcomes.
c. The position and shape of the augmented bone does not influence the soft tissue profile.
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d. If the defect morphology is such that successful regeneration is unlikely to be achieved using the
simultaneous approach, a staged approach should be used.

Answer: c
Reference: Michael Bornstein, et.al. Proceedings of the fifth ITI consensus conference :Consensus Statements
and Recommended Clinical Procedures Regarding Contemporary Surgical and Radiographic Techniques in
Implant Dentistry. JOMI. 2014, 29(Supplement):81-‐82.
43. In the complete edentulous population, candida-‐associated denture stomatitis has a prevalence of:
a. 10%
b. 34%
c. 67%
d. 90%


Answer: b
Reference: Espinoza I, Rojas R, Aranda W, et al. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in elderly people in
Santiago, Chile. J Oral Pathol Med 2003;32571-‐575
44. All of the following statements regarding major connectors for removable partial dentures are true except
a. The borders of the major connector should run parallel to the gingival margins of the remaining teeth.
b. The borders of the major connector should be positioned at least 3 mm from the free gingival margins in
the mandibular arch and 6 mm in the maxillary arch.
c. The anterior border of a maxillary major connector should end on the anterior slope of a prominent ruga.
d. Whenever gingival margins are crossed, they should be crossed at right angles.

Answer: c
Reference: Stewart’s Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics 4th Ed. Quintessence Chicago, IL 2003 page 23.

Raghavendra S, Wood MC , Taylor TD : Early wound healing around endosseous implants: A review of the
literature Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005; 20:425-‐431.
45. All of the following statements regarding head and neck carcinomas are correct except one. Which one is the
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exception?
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a. Almost 80% of all head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are related to alcohol consumption and
tobacco use.
b. Although there is a decreasing incidence of oral mucosal carcinomas, there is an increase in oro-‐
pharyngeal carcinomas related to the human papilloma virus.
c. In the U.S., the floor of the mouth is the most common site for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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d. Leukoplakia accounts for 85% of all premalignant lesions.

Answer: c
Reference: Vigneswaran N, Williams M. Epidemiologic Trends in Head and Neck Cancer and Aids in Diagnosis.
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Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 26:123-‐141, 2014
46. Which of the following Kennedy classifications is considered to be a contraindication for a rotational path of
insertion partial removable dental prosthesis design?
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a. Kennedy Class IV

b. Kennedy Class I
c. Kennedy Class III
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d. Kennedy Class III modification 1

Answer: b
Reference: Firtell, DN, Jacobson, TE. Removable partial dentures with rotational paths of insertion: problem
analysis. J Prosthet Dent 1983;50:8-‐15
47. Edentulous patients with maxillary and mandibular complete dentures, without implants, have only
_____________ masticatory efficiency when compared with patients with a complete natural dentition?
a. 80%
b. 50%
c. 30%
d. 10%

Answer: c

Reference: Kapur KK, Soan SD. Masticatory performance and efficiency in denture wearers. J Prosthet Dent
2004;92(2):107-‐11.
48. All of the following recommendations are true for narrow diameter implants (NDI’s) except one. Which one is
exception?
a. NDI’s might be indicated in situations with reduced mesiodistal space or reduced ridge width.
b. NDI’s should have a length of 10 mm or more
c. Implant diameter should be the smallest as possible in relation to the emergence profile and ridge
configuration.
d. The risk of NDI biomechanical problems (e.g. fracture) should be weighed when they are being
considered.

Answer: c
Implant Dentistry. JOMI. 2014, 29(Supplement):81.
49. Which of the following implant supported fixed prostheses has the highest rate of mechanical complications?
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a. Single crown
b. Fixed partial dental prosthesis
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c. Fixed complete dental prosthesis
d. Insufficient evidence available to compare these restorative outcomes.

Answer: c
Reference: Improvements in Implant Dentistry over the Last Decade: Comparison of Survival and Complication
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Rates in Older and Newer Publications; Pjetursson B, Asgeirsson A, Zwahlen M, Sailer I; Int J Oral Maxillofac
Implants;2014;29(Supplement);308-‐324.
50. The following statements regarding Chlorhexidine in the management and prevention of dental caries are true
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a. The literature is inconclusive on the efﬁcacy of chlorhexidine to reduce dental caries unless adjunctive
ﬂuoride is used.
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a. It is advisable not to use fluoride and chlorhexidine simultaneously and they should be used at least 1
hour apart to allow each to interact with the plaque.
b. Side effects of chlorhexidine rinses are staining of teeth and/or prosthesis.
c. Side effects of chlorhexidene also includes changes in taste sensation
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d. The effect of alcohol in chlorhexidene mouthrinse is bacteriocidal.

Answer: e
Reference: Featherstone JD, Singh S, Curtis DA. Caries risk assessment and management for the prosthodontic
patient. J Prosthodont. 2011 Jan;20(1):2-‐9.
51. Which of the following statements correctly describes the "Christensen phenomenon"?
a. The tendency of a denture to lose retention if the borders do not establish and maintain an effective seal
b. The tendency for occlusal contacts to equalize as a result of soft-‐tissue resilience
c. The space that occurs between opposing occlusal surfaces during mandibular protrusion
d. The Intercondylar distance approximates the distance between each condyle and the midpoint of the
mandibular central incisors

Answer: c

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Reference: Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 8 edition.
52. All of the following recommendations are true for loading protocols for implant-‐supported overdentures in
the edentulous jaws, except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Loading protocol should be selected considering implant-‐prosthodontic parameters as well as functional,
psychosocial, and financial aspects and patient preference.
b. Immediate loading protocols in implant-‐supported/retained mandibular overdentures do not result in
predictable outcomes.
c. A minimal insertion torque of 30Ncm or greater is an arbitrary loading protocol.
d. There is no reliable pretreatment predictor that can determine conclusively that an immediate loading
procedure will be successful.

Answer: b
Reference: G.O. Galluci, et.al. Proceedings of the fifth ITI consensus conference: Consensus Statements and
Clinical Recommendations for Implant Loading Protocols. JOMI. 2014, 29(Supplement):289.
53. All of the following influence the masticatory performance of RDP patients except one. Which one is the
exception?
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a. Gender
b. Age
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c. Maximum bite force
d. Number of functional tooth units

Reference: Tumrasvin W, Fueki J, Ohyama T. Factors Associated with Masticatory Performance in Unilateral
fid
Distal Extension Removable Partial Denture Patients. J Prosthodont 2006;15:25-‐31.
54. What is the minimum space required for implant overdentures with Locator abutments?
en
a. 5-‐7.5 mm vertical and 9 mm horizontal

b. 8.5 mm vertical and 9 mm horizontal
c. 10-‐12 mm horizontal and 9 mm vertical
d. 13-‐14 mm vertical and 9 mm horizontal
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Answer: b
Reference: Swati, A, and, Cagna, DR; Defining available restorative space for implant overdenture. J Prosthet
Dent 2010;104: 133-‐136.
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55. Only one of the following statements regarding restoration of worn dentitions is correct. Which statement is
CORRECT?
a. Compensatory eruption of teeth with wear can be expected to reliably maintain the pre-‐wear occlusal
vertical dimension (OVD).
b. Compensatory eruption of teeth with wear is an uncommon occurrence.
c. Some increase in the worn OVD is required for predictable success.
d. The presence of a significant slide from centric relation to maximum interdigitation in the worn dentition
can be advantageous for restoration.

Answer: d
Reference: Turner KA and Missirlian DM: Restoration of the extremely worn dentition. J Prosthet Dent. 1984,
52: 467-‐74.

56. Which of the following is the most common long-‐term complication of tooth-‐supported metal-‐ceramic fixed
dental prostheses?
a. Prosthesis fracture and caries.

b. Prosthesis fracture and endodontic problems.
c. Loss of retention and caries.
d. Caries and endodontic problems.

Answer: d
Reference: Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JYK. Clinical complications in fixed prosthodontics.
J Prosthet Dent 2002:90(1):31-‐41
57. Bone formation at the site of a surgically created wound (implant site) reflects a major alteration in the
cellular environment with three distinct phases:
a. Osteoinduction, osseointegration and ankylosis

b. Osteoconduction, osseoinduction and osseointegration
c. Osteoconduction, de novo bone formation and bone remodeling
d. Bone remodeling, osteoconduction and osteoinduction

C
Answer: c
Reference: Raghavendra S., Wood, MC, Taylor, TD. Early wound healing around endosseous implants: a review
on
of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005;20:425-‐31
58. All of the following clinical findings are associated with attrition except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Wear facets with sharply defined peripheries.

fid
b. Areas or occlusal/ incisal wear that articulate on articulated casts.
c. Teeth with severe wear that are asymptomatic to thermal stimuli.
d. Elevated “islands” of a restorative material, such as amalgam.
e. Patient’s report of parafunctional habits.
en

Answer: d
Reference: Verrett RM. Analyzing the etiology of an extremely worn dentition. J Prosthodont 2001:10;224-‐233.
tia
59. All of the following could contribute to tooth sensitivity or pain after a definitive fixed restoration is cemented
a. Poor marginal adaptation of the crown

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b. Failure to remove the smear layer before cementation
c. Hyperocclusion
d. Use of polycarboxylate cements

Answer: d
Reference: Brännström M. Reducing the risk of sensitivity and pulpal complications after the placement of
crowns and fixed partial dentures. Quintessence Int. 1996 Oct;27(10):673-‐8.
60. The PES (Pink Esthetic Score) specifically focuses on all of the following except:
a. mesial and distal papilla

b. curvature and level of facial mucosa
c. root convexity
d. the visible part of the implant restoration
e. soft tissue color and texture

Answer: d
Reference: Belser UC, et al. Outcome evaluation of early placed maxillary anterior single-‐tooth implants using
objective esthetic criteria: a cross-‐sectional, retrospective study in 45 patients with a 2-‐ to 4-‐year follow-‐up
using pink and white esthetic scores. J Periodontol. 2009 Jan;80(1):140-‐51.
61. In viewing a stress – strain curve, the area under the linear portion of the curve corresponds to which
property?
a. toughness
b. resilience
c. strength
d. ductility

Answer: b
Reference: Wang L, D'Alpino PH, Lopes LG, Pereira JC. Mechanical properties of dental restorative materials:
relative contribution of laboratory tests. J Appl Oral Sci 2003;11:162-‐7.
62. Which major connector has the poorest support for an RDP?
C
a. Anteroposterior Palatal Strap

b. Complete Palatal Plate
on
c. Anterior Palatal Strap
d. Modified palatal plate

Answer: c
th
Reference: Krol AJ, Jacobson TE, Finzen FC. Removable Partial Denture Design. Indent. 5 edition. 1999. P33-‐48
fid
63. The mean periodontal biologic width is generally accepted to be:
a. 0.97mm
en
b. 1.07mm
c. 2.04 mm
d. 3.04mm

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Answer: c
Reference: Garguilo A.W., Wentz F., Orban B., et al Dimensions and relations of the dentogingival junction in
humans. J Periodontol 1961; 32: 261-‐267
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64. The McNamara line relates the:
a. Anteroposterior relationship of maxilla and mandible to cranial base and to each other
b. Relationship of maxillary teeth to maxilla
c. Relationship of mandibular teeth to the mandible
d. Vertical relationship of mandible and maxilla to cranial base and to each other

Answer: a
Reference: Dawson PE, Functional Occlusion: From TMJ to Smile Design, Mosby/Elsevier, 2007, Chap 44, pg
568
65. All of the following techniques used to prepare yttria-‐stabalized zirconia for bonding to etched enamel have
been shown to create clinically appropriate bond strengths except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. HF etch and silane priming

b. Silica-‐infiltration etching and silane priming
c. Heat fused glass micro-‐pearls with etch and silanization
d. Tribochemical coating before etch and silanization

Answer: a
Reference: Özcan M, Nijhuis H, Valandro LF: Effect of various surface conditioning methods on the adhesion of
dual-‐cure resin cement with MDP functional monomer to zirconia after thermal aging. Dent Mater J
2008;27:99-‐104.
66. The local anesthetic, Mepivacaine, belongs to which of the following classifications?
a. Esters
b. Amides
c. Proteins
d. Sulfonamide

Answer: b
Reference: Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia, 6th Ed. Mosby, 2012.
67. What point is described as being 11 mm anterior to the posterior margin of the tragus on a line parallel to and
C
7 mm below the Frankfort Horizontal Plane?

on
a. Beyron’s
b. Bergstrom’s
c. Beck’s
d. Gysi’s

fid
Answer: b
Reference: Simpson JW et al. Arbitrary mandibular hinge axis locations. J Prosthet Dent 1984;51:819-‐822.
68. All of the following have been associated with inflammatory papillary hyperplasia except one. Which one is
en
the exception?
e. Excessive denture palatal relief

f. Well-‐fitting dentures
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g. Presence of candida albicans
h. Continuous wear of removable prostheses

Answer: b
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Reference: Orenstein NP, Taylor T. A nonsurgical approach to treatment of aggressive inflammatory papillary
hyperplasia: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2014;111:264-‐8.
69. All of the following are true regarding tooth preparation except one. Which one is the exception?
a. The minimum vertical wall height for prepared molars is 4 mm.
b. The ratio of occlusocervical dimension of a prepared tooth to the faciolingual dimension should be at least
0.5 or higher for all teeth.
c. Preps with TOC less than 20° should be enhanced by additional retention features such as boxes or
grooves.
d. The minimum vertical wall height for prepared premolars is 3 mm.

Answer: c
Reference: Goodacre C. Designing Tooth Preparations for Optimal Success. Dent Clin of North Am 2004;48:359-‐
385.

70. All of the following statements regarding the efficacy of palatal brushing on the treatment of denture
stomatitis are incorrect except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Palatal brushing is an effective treatment of denture stomatitis

b. Palatal brushing does not decrease the occurrence of Candida albicans
c. Palatal brushing is not an effective treatment of denture stomatitis
d. Palatal brushing is only effective when used in conjunction with antifungal agents

Answer: a
Reference: Kabawat M, et al.: Phase 1 Clinical Brushing on the Effect of palatal Brushing on Denture
Stomatitis. In J Prosthodont 2014;27:311-‐319.
71. Chemical erosion associated with chronic regurgitation most commonly affects which tooth surfaces?
a. Lingual surface of maxillary anterior teeth.

b. Facial surface of maxillary anterior teeth.
c. Occlusal surface of maxillary posterior teeth.
d. Occlusal surface of mandibular posterior teeth.

Answer: a
C
Reference: Verrett.RG Analyzing the etiology of an extremely worn dentition. J Prosthodont. 2001; 10:224-‐233.
on
72. The most common complication of all-‐ceramic crowns is:
a. Recurrent caries
b. Opposing tooth wear
c. Restoration fracture
fid
d. Loss of retention

Answer: c
Reference: Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JYK. Clinical complications in fixed prosthodontics.
en
J Prosthet Dent. 2002:90(1):31-‐41
73. Which of the following is correct regarding the distance of the fovea palatini to the vibrating line?
tia
a. 2 mm posteriorly
b. 4 mm anteriorly
c. 6 mm anteriorly
d. The fovea palatini have an unreliable relationship to the vibrating line
l

Answer: d
Reference: Chen, MS Reliability of the fovea palatine for determining the posterior border of the maxillary
denture. J Prosthet Dent 1980 Feb; 43(2): 133-‐7
74. All of the following statements are true about lingualized complete denture occlusion except one. Which one
is the exception?
a. Maxillary lingual cusps contact the mandibular lingual cusp inner inclines in the laterotrusive side
movement.
b. The mandibular buccal cusp inner inclines contact the maxillary lingual cusps in the mediotrusive side
movement.
c. Anterior tooth contacts usually do not occur in maximum intercuspation.
d. A balanced occlusal setup is usually not possible with lingualized occlusion.


Answer: d
Reference: Parr, G. R. and Ivanhoe J. R., Lingualized Occlusion An Occlusion for All Reasons, DCNA, Vol 40, 1,
Jan 1966.
75. All of the following are biomechanical advantages of posterior tilted dental implants of the same length for
support of fixed detachable prostheses except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Reduction of the moments of force on the dental implants
b. Improvement of load distribution
c. Achievement of primary implant stability
d. Improvement of A-‐P spread

Answer: c
Reference: Del Fabbro M, Bellini CM, Romeo D, Francetti L. Tilted Implants for the Rehabilitation of
Edentulous Jaws: A Systematic Review. Clin Implant Dent and Related Research 14(4):612-‐621, 2012.
76. Which muscle does NOT help determine the classification of the lateral throat form?
a. Medial pterygoid
b. Superior constrictor
C
c. Palatoglossus
d. Buccinator
on
e. Mylohyoid

Answer: a (Removed from grading)
Reference: Levin, B. Impressions for Complete Dentures, 1984. Quintessence. Page 53.
fid
77. The prescriptive strategies of caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA) can be organized into what 3
categories?
a. Reparative, therapeutic, behavioral

en
b. Reparative, therapeutic, pharmaceutical

c. Therapeutic, pharmaceutical, patient driven
d. Provider driven, therapeutic, reparative

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Answer: a
Reference: Kutsch Kim V. Dental Caries: An updated medical model of risk assessment. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;
111: 280-‐285
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78. The most frequently used sibilant sound that occurs during speaking and reading is produced by the letter(s)
“____.”
a. s
b. sh
c. z
d. j
e. ch

Answer: a
Reference: Silverman MM. Determination of vertical dimension by phonetics. J Prosthet Dent 1956;6:465-‐71.
79. All of the following are hypotheses that explain Medication-‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw “MRONJ” except

a. Angiogenesis inhibition
b. Constant microtrauma
c. Vitamin K deficiency
d. Infection

Answer: c
Reference: Ruggiero, s, Dodson, T et al. Medication-‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw—2014 Update.
American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons-‐Position Paper. Pages 1 to 26, 2014.
80. Which phase of zirconia has the largest grain size and weakest mechanical properties?
a. tetragonal
b. monoclinic
c. cubic
d. hexagonal

Answer: c
Reference: Denry, I. (2013) How and when does fabrication damage adversely affect the clinical performance
of ceramic restorations? Dental Materials. 29.85-‐96.
C
81. Axial grooves should be used routinely to enhance crown preparation resistance form in which of the
following?
on
a. Mandibular first bicuspids

b. Maxillary molars
c. Mandibular molars
d. Any tilted abutment tooth
fid

Answer: d
Reference: Parker, M.H., Gunderson, R.B., Gardner, F.M., Calverley, M.J. Quantitative determination taper
adequate to provide resistance form: concept of limiting taper. J Prosthet Dent,1988:59;281-‐9.
en
82. The WES (White Esthetic Score) specifically focuses on all of the following except the:
a. visible part of the implant crown

tia
b. level of the facial mucosa
c. general tooth form
d. outline and volume of the clinical crown
e. color
l

Answer: b
Reference: Belser UC, Grütter L, Vailati F, Bornstein MM, Weber HP, Buser D. Outcome evaluation of early
placed maxillary anterior single-‐tooth implants using objective esthetic criteria: a cross-‐sectional,
retrospective study in 45 patients with a 2-‐ to 4-‐year follow-‐up using pink and white esthetic scores. J
Periodontol. 2009 Jan;80(1):140-‐51.
83. All of the following statements regarding the resorptive pattern of the residual alveolar ridges in complete
denture wearers are incorrect except one. Which statement is correct?
a. A generalized statement about the reduction of the residual alveolar ridges cannot be made because it
varies widely for each individual patient.
b. The reductions of the residual alveolar ridges are approximately equal in the mandible and maxilla.
c. The reduction of the maxillary residual alveolar ridge is approximately 4 times greater than in the
mandible.

d. The reduction of the mandibular residual alveolar ridge is approximately 4 times greater than in the
maxilla.

Answer: d
Reference: Tallgren A, The Continuing Reduction of the Residual Alveolar Ridges in Complete Denture
Wearers: a Mixed Longitudinal Study Covering 25 Years. J Prosthet Dent 1972;27:120-‐132.
84. The most common long term complication with implant-‐supported ceramic FPDs:
a. Implant component fracture

b. Framework fracture
c. Ceramic chipping
d. Marginal bone loss

Answer: c
Reference: Wittneben JG, Buser D, Salvi GE, Bürgin W, Hicklin S, Brägger U. Complication and failure rates with
implant-‐supported fixed dental prostheses and single crowns: a 10-‐year retrospective study. Clin Implant
Dent Relat Res. 2014 Jun;16(3):356-‐64.

Pjetursson BE1, Thoma D, Jung R, Zwahlen M, Zembic A. A systematic review of the survival and complication
C
rates of implant-‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) after a mean observation period of at least 5
years. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012 Oct;23 Suppl 6:22-‐38.
on

Pjetursson BE, Tan K, Lang NP, Brägger U, Egger M, Zwahlen M. A systematic review of the survival and
complication rates of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of at least 5 years. Clin Oral
Implants Res. 2004 Dec;15(6):625-‐42.
fid
85. Which zone of a torch flame is best to heat the soldering assembly?
a. Cold mixing zone

b. Partial combustion zone
en
c. Reducing zone
d. Oxidizing zone

Answer: c
tia
Reference: Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig's Restorative Dental Materials , 13th Ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, MO,
2011.
86. All of the following are true relating to metals in dental casting alloys. Which statement is the exception?
l
a. Nickel, cadmium, and berylium are hazardous elements

b. Alloys should not contain more than 0.02% mass fraction cadmium or berylium
c. Elements present in concentrations >2.0% mass fraction must be identified on the package label
d. The package label for alloys containing hazardous materials must clearly state precautions for casting and
finishing

Answer: c
Reference: (1) ISO 22674: Metallic materials for fixed and removable restoration and appliances; (2) ANSI/ADA
Specification No. 14: Dental metal casting alloys.
87. Which muscle is NOT a component of the modiolus?
a. Buccinator
b. Orbicularis oris

c. Zygomaticus major
d. Masseter

Answer: d
Reference: Jacobson, TE and Krol, AJ (1983): A Contemporary review of factors involved in complete dentures.
Part II: Stability. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 49:2, page 169.
88. All of the following are contributing factors to the high incidence of early onset aggressive periodontal disease
in patients with Down’s Syndrome or Trisomy 21 demonstrate except one. With one is the exception?
a. Poor oral hygiene.

b. Excessive neutrophil chemotaxis.
c. Specific bacteria.
d. Possible viral co-‐infections.

Reference: Frydman, A, Nowzari, H. Down Syndrome-‐Associated Periodontitis: A Critical Review of the
Literature. Compendium. 33(5): 356-‐361, 2012.
89. What is the most likely cause of an incomplete casting with shiny rounded margins?
C
a. Excessive burnout temperature

on
b. Inadequate vacuum during investing
c. Wax pattern too thin
d. Improper pattern position in casting ring
e. Incomplete wax elimination

fid
Answer: e
Reference: Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Fujimoto J. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics. 4th Ed. St. Louis: Mosby
Elsevier, 2006. Page 703.
en
90. Which of the following is a type of deformation caused by axial force?
a. torsion
b. bending
tia
c. elongation
d. shear

Answer: c
l
Reference: Wang L, D'Alpino PH, Lopes LG, Pereira JC. Mechanical properties of dental restorative materials:
relative contribution of laboratory tests. J Appl Oral Sci 2003;11:162-‐7.
91. All of the following statements regarding the healing of bone around anterior immediate implants placed in an
open flap protocol without grafting are accurate except one. Which one is INCORRECT?
a. Some resorption of the buccal wall is expected.

b. Some resorption of the lingual wall is expected.
c. Buccal wall resorption is not expected if the implant-‐bone gap is 3 mm or less.
d. Buccal wall resorption is expected to be greater than lingual wall resorption.

Answer: c
Reference: Botticelli D, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Hard-‐tissue alterations following immediate implant placement
in extraction sites. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:820-‐828.

92. All of the following statements are true concerning implant impression accuracy for partially and completely
edentulous patients except one. Which one is the exception?
a. The splinted impression technique is more accurate for both partially and completely edentulous patients.
b. The open-‐tray technique is more accurate than the closed-‐tray for completely edentulous patients.
c. The impression material, polyether or polyvinylsiloxane, has no effect on the accuracy.
d. The closed-‐tray technique is more accurate than the open-‐tray for partially edentulous patients.

Answer: d
Reference: Papaspyridakos P, et al. Accuracy of Implant Impressions for Partially and Completely Edentulous
Patients: A Systematic Review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2014;29:836–845.
93. All of the following statements are true except one regarding normal tongue position. Which one is the
exception?
a. The body of the tongue completely fills the floor of the mouth
b. The top surface or dorsum of the tongue is round, usually smooth and free of muscular contractions
c. Lateral borders or sides of the tongue usually rest on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth
d. The apex of the tongue rests on the incisal edges of mandibular anterior teeth or crest of the ridge lingual
to the mandibular anterior teeth
C
e. The size of the tongue is important to normal tongue position

on
Answer: e
Reference: Wright CR. Evaluation of the factors necessary to develop stability in mandibular dentures. J
Prosthet Dent 1966;16:414-‐30.
94. Which of the following materials is contraindicated in healthy patients for achieving clinically acceptable
fid
gingival retraction?
a. Alum
b. Zinc chloride
en
c. Hemodent
d. Epinephrine 8%

Answer: b
tia
Reference: Donovan, T.E., Gandara, B.K. and Nemetz, H. Review and survey of medicaments used with gingival
retraction cords. J Prosthet Dent, 1985:53;525
95. Endodontically treated teeth not crowned after obturation are lost at a __________ fold greater rate than
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teeth crowned after obturation:
a. 2
b. 6
c. 10
d. 20

Answer: b
Reference: Aquilino SA, Caplan DJ. Relationship between crown placement and the survival of endodontically
treated teeth. J Prosthet Dent. 2002 Mar;87:256-‐63.
96. The following statements are true regarding cementation of dental implants restorations except one. Which
a. Deep subgingival margin placement is likely to make it difficult to detect excess cement.

b. Zinc phosphate cement was reported to be the easiest and resins the most difficult cements to remove.
c. Radiographic imaging provides a predictable measure for identifying excess cement.
d. Excess cement can contribute to development of peri-‐implant disease.

Answer: c
Reference: Wadhwani C1, Hess T, Faber T, Piñeyro A, Chen CS. A descriptive study of the radiographic density
of implant restorative cements. J Prosthet Dent. 2010 May;103(5):295-‐302.
97. All the following statements regarding the retention of the cement-‐retained restorations are true except one.
a. Taper of axial walls, surface area, height of the abutment, roughness of the surface, and type of cement
are all essential elements for retention.
b. Most abutments are manufactured to approximately a 6° taper.
c. The minimum abutment height for use of cement-‐retained restorations with predictable retention was
documented as 5 mm.
d. Direct screw fixation at the implant level may be advisable in these instances when the interocclusal space
is as little as 4 mm (limited interarch space).
e. It is highly advisable to use resin cements as they provide the most predictable retention and ease of
cleaning.
C

Answer: e
on
Reference: Thalji G, Bryington M, De Kok IJ, Cooper LF. Prosthodontic management of implant therapy. Dent
Clin North Am. 2014 Jan;58(1):207-‐25.
98. All of the following statements are correct regarding zirconia-‐based fixed dental prostheses except one.
fid
a. Short-‐term clinical data suggest that zirconia-‐based fixed dental prostheses may serve as an alternative to
metal ceramic fixed dental prostheses.
b. Untreated zirconia exists in a monoclinic state at room temperature.
en
c. The most common method of stabilizing in the tetragonal phase at room temperature is by adding a small
amount of yttria to the zirconia.
d. Polishing facilitates conversion of the monoclinic phase to tetragonal.

tia
Answer: d
Reference: Ariel J. Raigrodski et al. Survival and complications of zirconia based fixed dental prostheses: A
systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2012 Mar;107(3):170-‐7
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99. Transformation toughening in zirconia is theorized to be the result of the change from:
a. Tetragonal to monoclinic

b. Monoclinic to tetragonal
c. Tetragonal to cubic
d. Monoclinic to cubic

Answer: a
Reference: Kelly PM, Rose LR, The martensitic transformation in ceramics — its role in transformation
toughening, Progress in Materials Science, 2002;47: 463-‐557
100. Excessive gingival display has been described as a:
a. Display of less than 75% of anterior tooth length.

b. Display of 75 to 100% of anterior tooth length and contiguous band of gingiva.

c. Display of 100% of anterior tooth length and contiguous band of gingiva.
d. Display of 100% of anterior tooth length with an exposure of 4 mm or more of gingival tissue.

Answer: d
Reference: Bidra AS, Agar JR, Parel SM. Management of patients with excessive gingival display for maxillary
complete arch fixed implant-‐supported prostheses. J. Prosthet Dent 2012;108:324-‐31.
101. Which of the following is a characteristic of a self-‐adhesive resin cement?
a. It is available as dual-‐cure, self-‐cure, or light-‐cure

b. Its application is limited to all-‐ceramic restorations
c. It requires etching or priming for bonding to tooth structure
d. It does not release fluoride

Answer: a
Reference: Aguiar TR, Pinto CF, Cavalli V, Nobre-‐dos-‐Santos M, Ambrosano GM, Mathias P, et al. Influence of
the curing mode on fluoride ion release of self-‐adhesive resin luting cements in water or during pH-‐cycling
regimen. Oper Dent 2012;37:63-‐70.
102. Which of the following is true relative to occlusal rests preparation?
C
a. The floor of the rest seat must be inclined slightly upward from the guide plane
on
b. Should occupy 1/4 to 1/3 the width of the mesiodistal diameter of the abutment tooth
c. Should occupy 1/3 of the buccolingual width of the tooth measured cusp tip to cusp tip
d. Outline form should be triangular

Answer: d
fid
Reference: Stewart’s Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics 3rd ed. Quintessence Chicago, IL 2003 pg 47

Nguyen, C; Masri, RM; Driscoll, CF; Romberg, E: The Effect of Denture Cleansing Solutions on the Retention of
Pink Locator Attachments: An In vitro Study. J Prosthodont 2010; 19:226-‐230.
en
103. All of the following recommendations are true for Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in implant
dentistry except one. Which one is the exception?
tia
a. When cross-‐sectional imaging is indicated, CBCT is preferable over conventional computed tomography.
b. CBCT imaging for treatment planning in implant dentistry should be based on individual patient needs and
prior to a thorough clinical examination.
c. The use of a radiographic template in CBCT imaging is advisable to maximize surgical and prosthetic
l
information.
d. CBCT may be an appropriate primary imaging modality in specific circumstances (eg, jaw or sinus
pathology)

Answer: b
Implant Dentistry. JOMI. 2014, 29(Supplement):79.
104. A shortened dental arch with 20 or more contiguous teeth
a. has insufficient masticatory function

b. is uncomfortable for patients
c. can be a precursor to temporomandibular joint dysfunction
d. is sufficient to provide mastication

Answer: d
Reference: Armellini D, von Fraunhofer JA. The shortened dental arch: a review of the literature. J Prosthet
Dent. 2004 Dec;92(6):531-‐5.
105. Which elements contribute to oxide layer formation on metal-‐ceramic alloys?
a. Ruthenium, Rhenium and Gallium

b. Indium, Iron and Tin.
c. Palladium and Copper.
d. Platinum and Silver.

Answer: b
th
Reference: Anusavice KJ. Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012 p. 435
106. What element is responsible for the ability to heat soften or heat harden gold casting alloys?
a. Zn
b. Ag
c. Ru
C
d. Zr
e. Cu
on

Answer: e
th
Reference: Anusavice KJ, Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 ed, Philidelphia:WB Saunders; 2012, p 342
107. All of the following statements are correct regarding tissue changes of extraction sockets except one. Which
fid
a. After extractions bone loss is primarily on the buccal.

b. Guided bone regeneration can maintain the original alveolar ridge dimensions.
en
c. Elevation of a mucoperiosteal flap for placement of a membrane often causes gingival recession of the
adjacent teeth.
d. Alveolar ridge preservation with collagenated porcine bone and a resorbable membrane limits contour
changes after extractions.
tia

Answer: b
Reference: Barone, A, et al. Tissue changes of extraction sockets in humans: a comparison of spontaneous
healing vs ridge preservation with secondary soft tissue healing. COIR; 24, 1231-‐1237, 2013
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108. Regarding increasing the occlusal vertical dimension, all of the following statements are true except one.
Which statement is the exception?
a. Signs and symptom of maladaptation to the increase are usually self-‐limiting
b. When indicated, an increase of the occlusal vertical dimension is safe and predictable
c. Intervention with a fixed restoration is more predictable
d. Mechanical failures for implant-‐ and tooth-‐supported prostheses are approximately the same

Answer: d
Reference: Abduo J. Safety of increasing vertical dimension of occlusion: a systematic review. Quintessence Int.
2012 May;43(5):369-‐80
109. On average, how long does it take for the sulcus and biologic width to reestablish following a crown
lengthening procedure?

a. 30 days
b. 60 days
c. 90 days
d. 180 days

Reference: Bragger U, Lauchenauer D, Lang NP. Surgical lengthening of the clinical crown. J Clin Periodontol
1992;19:58-‐63.
110. When comparing the survival of endodontically treated molars to non-‐treated molars:
a. The survival is equal after 7 years

b. Treated molars fail more frequently after 7 years
c. Treated molars compare favorably if full coverage is provided
d. Endodontic therapy does not prolong the retention of the tooth

Answer: b
Reference: Caplan DJ, Cai J, Yin G, White BA. Root canal filled versus non-‐root canal filled teeth: a retrospective
comparison of survival times. J Public Health Dent. 2005 Spring;65(2):90-‐6.
C
111. All of the following statements regarding the peri-‐implant soft tissue color surrounding different abutment
materials restored with all ceramic restorations are true except one. Which one is the exception?
on
a. The color of the peri-‐implant soft tissues is different from the soft tissue color around natural teeth.
b. The peri-‐implant soft tissue color around gold, zirconia, and titanium abutments was similar
c. The thickness of the peri-‐implant soft tissue is not a crucial factor in modifying soft tissue color.
fid
d. The titanium abutments were associated with the highest peri-‐implant color differences.

Reference: Bressan E, et al.Influence of abutment material on the gingival color of implant-‐supported all-‐
en
ceramic restorations: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22:631-‐7.
112. All of the following recommendations are true for CAD/CAM technology for implant abutments, crowns and
superstructures except one. Which one is the exception?
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a. It is recommended that the dentist approve a virtual final prosthesis (virtual diagnostic wax-‐up) that
dictates abutment/framework design.
b. The clinical performance of implant-‐supported prostheses produced using CAD/CAM and conventional
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techniques are similar over the short term.
c. Since the technician is responsible for treatment outcomes, it is recommended that he/she play an active
role with the dentist to carefully control CAD/CAM processes and material selection.
d. Continuous training for both the technician and restorative dentist is essential to successfully implement
CAD/CAM techniques for the restoration of dental implants.

Answer: c
Reference: Daniel Wismeijer, et.al. Proceedings of the fifth ITI consensus conference :Consensus Statements
and Recommended Clinical Procedures Regarding Restorative Materials and techniques for implant
dentistry. JOMI. 2014, 29(Supplement):pg138.
113. All of the following statements concerning fatigue resistance of CAD/CAM materials are correct except one.
a. Lithium disilicate and resin nano-‐ceramic have a higher fatigue resistance than feldspathic porcelain.

b. The post-‐fatigue strength of feldspathic porcelain and resin nano-‐ceramic are not significantly different.
c. The post-‐fatigue strength of lithium disilicate and resin nano-‐ceramic are not significantly different.
d. Resin nano-‐ceramic is more susceptible to wear than lithium disilicate and feldspathic porcelain.

Answer: b
Reference: Carvalho, Adriana O., Greciana Bruzi, Marcelo Giannini, and Pascal Magne. “Fatigue Resistance of
CAD/CAM Complete Crowns with a Simplified Cementation Process.” The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 111,
no. 4 (April 2014): 310–17. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.09.020.
114. All of the following statements regarding ectodermal dysplasia syndrome are correct except one. Which one
is the exception?
a. It is a congenital disorder that affects the development of hair, nails, sweat gland and teeth.
b. It has been linked to mutations in the ectodysplasin-‐A and ectodysplasin-‐A receptor genes in X-‐linked and
autosomal hypohidrotic subtypes.
c. Affected patients typically have well-‐developed alveolar processes.
d. Fixed implant constructions crossing the mid-‐palatal suture can result in a transversal growth restriction
of the maxilla in young individuals.

Answer: c
C
Reference: Aydinbelge M, Gumus HO, Sekerci AE, Demetoğlu U, Etoz OA. Implants in children with hypohidrotic
ectodermal dysplasia: an alternative approach to esthetic management: case report and review of the
on
literature. Pediatr Dent. 2013 Sep-‐Oct;35(5):441-‐6.
115. All of the following statements are correct regarding forces applied during mastication except one. Which on
is the exception?

fid
a. The average axial displacement of a tooth is 25-‐100 μm

b. The average axial displacement of an implant is 3-‐5 μm
c. Amount of tolerable occlusal overload for implants has been determined to be 40N
d. There is a direct transmission of force to peri-‐implant bone.
en
Answer: c
Reference: Abichandani SJ, Bhojaraju N, Guttal S, Srilakshmi J. Implant protected occlusion: A comprehensive
review. Eur J Prosthodont 2013;1:29-‐36.
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116. Which metal acts as an oxygen scavenger during melting and casting of high noble and noble alloys?
a. Ag
l
b. Pd
c. Pt
d. Ir
e. Zn

Answer: e
Reference: Anusavice, Kenneth J. Phillips' Science of Dental Materials, 12th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company,
2013. Pg 373
117. What is the principle advantage of using die spacer when fabricating castings?
a. it may block out minor undercuts in a preparation

b. it decreases the retention of the casting
c. it provides space for cement
d. it changes the convergence of the preparation

Answer: c
Reference: Eames WB, O'Neal SJ, Monteiro J, Miller C, Roan JD Jr, Cohen KS. Techniques to improve the seating
of castings. J Am Dent Assoc. 1978 Mar;96(3):432-‐7.
118. Which of the following elements is not an oxide scavenger?
a. Si
b. In
c. Ga
d. Zn

Answer: c
Reference: Naylor P; Introduction to Metal-‐Ceramic Technology, 2nd edition Quintessence, Chicago, IL 2009 pg
52-‐53
119. The concept of an anterior closest speaking space has been shown to be:
a. invalid for certain skeletal classes of occlusion.

b. applicable to all dental and skeletal classified occlusions.
C
c. related directly to amount of vertical overlap of anterior teeth.
d. different for males and females.
on

Answer: b
Reference: Sakar O, Bural C, Sulun T, et al. Evaluation of the closest speaking space in different dental and
skeletal occlusions. J Prosthet Dent 2013;109:222-‐6.
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120. All of the following stimuli may induce gagging except one. Which stimulus is not known to produce gagging?
a. Gustatory
b. Visual
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c. Auditory
d. Olfactory
e. Thermal

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Answer: e
Reference: GS, Humphris GM, Longman LP. The etiology and management of gagging: a review of the
literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2004 May;91(5):459-‐67.
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121. All of the following statements regarding soldering are correct except one. Which one is the exception?
a. The soldering surfaces should be rough or irregular.

b. The gap should be opened to a dimension of approximately 0.3 mm.
c. If the gap is too small, the investment may crack.
d. If the gap is too large, the joint will be weak.

Answer: a
Reference: Naylor P; Introduction to Metal-‐Ceramic Technology, 2nd Ed. Quintessence, Chicago, IL 2009 page
133.
122. All of the following are of concern when fabricating cast titanium restorations except one. Which one is NOT
A CONCERN?
a. Type of investment

b. Length and diameter of the sprue
c. Biocompatibility of the metal
d. Volumetric shrinkage of the casting with cooling

Answer: c
Reference: Wang, R and Fenton, A. Titanium for prosthodontic applications: A review of the literature.
Quintessence International. 1996; 27: 401 – 408.
123. All of the following statements are true regarding the collateral ligaments except one. Which one is the
exception?
a. They attach the medial and lateral borders of the articular disc to the poles of the condyle
b. They are also called discal ligaments
c. They divide the joint mediolaterally into superior and inferior joint cavities
d. They resist any medial, lateral, or inferior forces that tend to separate or dislocate the articular surfaces

Answer: d
Reference: Okeson JP. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 7th ed. Mosby, St. Louis,
MO. 2012.
C
124. Cement remnants may be observed after cementation of implant supported restoration. Which cement is the
most likely to be left behind for a subgingival margin?
on
a. Zinc Phosphate
b. Glass Ionomer
c. Resin
d. Polycarboxylate
fid

Answer: c
Reference: J. R. Agar, S. M. Cameron, J.C. Hughbanks, M.H. Parker. Cement removal from restorations luted to
titanium abutments with simulated subgingival margins. J Prosthet. Dent. 1997; (78)43–47
en
125. All the following are signs and symptoms of Combination Syndrome except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Maxillary anterior bone resorption.

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b. Mandibular posterior bone resorption.
c. Epulis fissuratum.
d. Supra-‐eruption of mandibular anterior teeth.

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Answer: c
Reference: Kelly, E. Changes caused by a mandibular removable partial denture opposing a maxillary complete
denture. J Prosthet Dent;1972;Feb;27(2):140-‐50.
126. The temporalis muscle does NOT typically refer pain to which of the following areas?
a. Temporomandibular joint
b. Maxillary posterior teeth
c. Mandibular posterior teeth
d. Maxillary anterior teeth
e. Over the eyebrow

Reference: Simons DG, Travel JG, et al. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual; Vol. 1. The
Upper Half of Body. 2nd ed. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.

127. All of the following statements are true except one regarding clinical considerations for dental implant
therapy in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. Which one is the exception?
a. Dental implant therapy in irradiated patients is not significantly less favorable than for non-‐irradiated
patients.
b. Dental implant failures are seldom seen with cumulative radiotherapy doses less than 45 Gy.
c. Mandibular implants have shown higher survival rates than maxillary.
d. Implant supported/retained prosthesis success rate is lower than implant success rates.
e. The recommended time for implant placement following radiotherapy to the head and neck region is
within the first three months.

Answer: e
Reference: Tanaka IT., et al. Updated clinical considerations for dental implant therapy in irradiated head and
neck cancer patients. J Prosthodont 2013;22: 432–438.
128. A metal casting with a fine grain size is usually desirable because it may,
a. Decrease corrosion resistance

b. Decrease fatigue resistance
c. Increase fatigue resistance
C
d. Increase microhardness

on
Answer: c
Reference: Thompson GA, Luo Q. Analysis of four dental alloys following torch/centrifugal and
induction/vacuum-‐pressure casting procedures. J Prosthet Dent 2013;110:471-‐80.
129. Which of the following represents the slope of the stress-‐strain curve in the elastic region.
fid
a. Toughness
b. Modulus of elasticity
c. Rupture strength
en
d. Proportional limit

Answer: b
th
Reference: O’Brien WJ ed. Dental Materials and Their Selection, 4 Edition, Quintessence Publishing, Chicago
tia
2008, page 15.
130. Camper's line is defined as:

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a. a line, parallel to Frankfort's horizontal plane, that divides inter-‐maxillary space equally
b. a line drawn from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the tragus
c. in cephalometrics, a line through the porion and the orbitale
d. in a frontal section, a line that parallels the mid-‐papillary line

Answer: b
th
Reference: Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 8 edition.
131. Which of the following clinical methods should be used at the time of implant placement to document peri-‐
implant bone levels?
a. Cone-‐beam CT scan

b. Subgingival microbiologic assay
c. Baseline bite-‐wing radiograph
d. Periodontal sounding

Answer: c
Reference: Peri-‐implant mucositis and peri-‐implantitis; a current understanding of their diagnoses and clinical
implications. J Periodontol. 2013;84:436-‐443.
132. All of the following materials inhibit the polymerization of vinyl polysiloxane impression material except one.
a. Bisacrylate
b. Ethyl methacrylate
c. Urethane dimethacylate
d. Bis-‐glycidyl methacrylate

Reference: “The Effect Of Various Interim Fixed Prosthodontic Materials On The Polymerization Of Elastomeric
Impression Materials” Al-‐Sowygh Z, J Prosthet Dent; 2014;112:176-‐181.
133. All of the following statements are correct regarding the framework design for an implant-‐supported
removable partial dental prosthesis except one. Which one is the exception?
C
a. Design principles should be similar to those used in conventional RDP clasp-‐retained designs.
b. Clasp selection must be identical for implant supported and conventional RDPs.
on
c. Reduction of the number of retentive clasps improves esthetics and minimizes unfavorable horizontal
forces.
d. After attachment pick up, unnecessary clasp arms adjacent to the implant sites may be removed.

Answer: b
fid
Reference: de Freitas RF, de Carvalho Dias K, da Fonte Porto Carreiro A, Barbosa GA, Ferreira MA. Mandibular
implant-‐supported removable partial denture with distal extension: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2012
Oct;39(10):791-‐8.

en
Grossmann Y, Levin L, Sadan A. A retrospective case series of implants used to restore partially edentulous
patients with implant-‐supported removable partial dentures: 31-‐month mean follow-‐up results.
Quintessence Int. 2008;39:665–671.

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Phoenix, R., et al. Stewart’s Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics; Fourth Edition. Illinois: Quintessence
Publishing Co, Inc. 2008 pgs. 259-‐277
134. Which of the following is not a noble metal?

l
a. Au
b. Pd
c. Pt
d. Ir
e. Ag

Answer: e
Reference: Anusavice, Kenneth J. Phillips' Science of Dental Materials, 12th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company,
2013. Pg 369
135. The gingival fibers of natural teeth run perpendicularly to the root surfaces and invest in the root cementum,
but, around dental implants,
a. Run in a parallel direction to the titanium surfaces and do not attach to the implant.

b. Run in a parallel/oblique direction to the titanium surfaces and do not attach to the implant.
c. Run in a perpendicular direction to the titanium surfaces and do not attach to the implant.
d. The connective tissue fibers run in a horizontal direction to the titanium surfaces and attach to the
implant.

Reference: Guo-‐Hao Lin. The Significance of Keratinized Mucosa on Implant Health: A Systematic Review. J
Periodontol. December 2013 Volume 84 • Number 12
136. If the maxillary anterior incisal edges are located too superiorly, the “V” sound will be more like a
____________.
a. C
b. S
c. Z
d. F

Answer: d
Reference: Zarb GA, et. al. Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients: Complete Dentures and Implant-‐
th
Supported Prostheses. 13 ed. Mosby, St. Louis, MO. pp. 315.
C
137. Which sounds are most useful in forming linguo-‐alveolar consonants?
on
a. s
b. t, d, n, l
c. th
d. f, v
fid
e. b, p, m

Answer: b
Reference: Farley, D. Palatogram Assessment of Maxillary Complete Dentures. J Prosthodont. 1998;7:84-‐90.
en
138. A primary advantage of poly(ethyl methacrylate) when compared with poly(methyl methacrylate) is:
a. Greater transverse strength.

tia
b. Less exothermic release during polymerization.
c. Greater durability.
d. Greater surface hardness.

l
Answer: b

Reference: Driscoll CF, Woolsey G, Ferguson WM. Comparison of exothermic release during polymerization of
four materials used to fabricate interim restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 1991;65(4):504-‐6.

Shillingburg, Jr HT, Hobo S, Whitsett LD, Jacobi R, Bracket SE, Fundamentals of Fixed Pros., 3rd ed. Chicago;
Quintessence, 1997; pg 227.
139. A systematic review of the available evidence for the clinical outcomes of lithium disilicate single crowns and
fixed dental prostheses concluded that,
a. The short-‐term and medium-‐term survival are excellent for fixed dental prostheses
b. The evidence for short-‐term survival for fixed dental prostheses is fair
c. The evidence for FPD’s indicated failures among anterior teeth
d. The surface roughness of veneered lithium disilicate was less than metal-‐ceramic crowns

Answer: b
Reference: Pieger S, Salman A, Bidra AS. Clinical outcomes of lithium disilicate single crowns and partial fixed
dental prosthesis: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:22-‐30.
140. Chipping of feldspathic veneered zirconia crowns is attributable mainly to __________.
a. Mismatch of elastic moduli

b. Bond between zirconia and veneering porcelain
c. Framework design of zirconia coping
d. Thickness of zirconia coping

Answer: c
Reference: Kokubo Y, Tsumita M, Kano T, Fukushima S. The influence of zirconia coping designs on the fracture
load of all-‐ceramic molar crowns. Dent Mater J 2011;30:281-‐5.
141. All of the following statements on peri-‐implantitis are true except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Crestal bone loss may occur for reasons other than infection
b. Peri-‐implantitis is a suitable term to describe all crestal bone loss
C
c. Bone remodeling including crestal bone loss is influenced by inflammation
d. The presence of purulent exudate in combination with clinically significant progressing crestal bone loss
on
necessitates therapeutic intervention

Answer: b
Reference: Albrektsson T, Buser D, Chen ST, Cochran D, DeBruyn H, Jemt T, Koka S, Nevins M, Sennerby L,
Simion M, Taylor TD, Wennerberg A. “Statements from the Estepona consensus meeting on peri-‐implantitis,
fid
February 2-‐4, 2012”. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012 Dec;14(6):781-‐2.

Elias AC, Sheiham A. The relationship between satisfaction with mouth and number and position of teeth. J
Oral Rehabil. 1998 Sep;25(9):649-‐61.
en
142. Which of the following best describes a Seibert Class II defect?
a. Vertical and horizontal bone loss

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b. Vertical bone loss only
c. Horizontal bone loss only

Answer: b
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Reference: Seibert JS. Reconstruction of deformed, partially edentulous ridges, using full thickness onlay grafts.
Part II. Prosthetic/periodontal interrelationships. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1983;4:549-‐62.
143. The inferior border of the sublingual space comprises which of the following anatomic structures?
a. Geniohyoid muscle
b. Genioglossus muscle
c. Mylohyoid muscle
d. Medial border of the mandible

Answer: c
Reference: The Face: Pictorial Atlas of Clinical Anatomy; Radlanski R and Wesker K; Quintessence,2012, page
281.

144. If expected pain intensity is severe following dental surgical procedures, which of the following medication
regimens is considered the most appropriate?
a. Acetaminophen 500mg q6h

b. Ibuprophen 400-‐600mg q6h
c. Acetaminophen 500mg and Ibuprophen 400-‐600mg q6h
d. Acetaminophen 650mg and Ibuprophen 400-‐600mg q6h and an opioid (hydrocodone 10mg)

Answer: d
Reference: Moore PA, Hersh EV. Combining ibuprofen and acetaminophen for acute pain management after
third-‐molar extractions: Translating clinical research to dental practice. JADA 2013;144(8):898-‐908.
145. All of the following are biologic and technical complications of fixed implant rehabilitations for edentulous
patients except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Biologic and technical complications occur continuously over time
b. Fatigue and stress are factors affecting complications
c. The least common prosthesis-‐related technical complication was chipping/fracture of veneering material
d. The cumulative rate of 'prosthesis free of complications' after 5 years was approximately 70%.
Answer: c
C
Reference: Papaspyridakos P, Chen C-‐J, Chuang S-‐K, Weber H-‐P, Gallucci GO. A systematic review of biologic
and technical complications with fixed implant rehabilitation for edentulous patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac
on
Implants 2012;27:102-‐10.
146. All of the following are true regarding the mandibular complete removable dental prosthesis except one.
fid
a. the mandibular plane of occlusion should lie at or slightly below the lateral border of the tongue
b. the tongue position (normal or retracted) is related to the stability of the mandibular CRDP
c. the buccal flanges should be convex while the lingual flanges should be concave
d. the retromolar pad area is a secondary stress bearing area
en

Answer: c
Reference: Wright CR, Muyskens JH, et al. A study of the tongue and its relation to denture stability. J Am Dent
Assoc. 1949 Sep;39(3):269-‐75.
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147. All of the following are tests used to establish the correct VDO when using occlusion rims except for one.
l
a. Visual observation of the space between the rims when the mandible is in its physiological rest position.
b. Judgment of the overall esthetics.
c. Level or height of the occlusal plane.
d. Phonetics tests that include observation when the “S” sound is enunciated accurately and repeatedly.

Answer: c
th
Reference: Zarb, et al. Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients (13 edition). Chapter 9. The dentures’
polished surfaces. Recording jaw relations, and their transfer to an articulator. P.190.
148. All of the following are advantages of telescopic prostheses except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Retrievability
b. Low cost
c. Easy access for oral hygiene
d. Localized failure can be repaired without reconstruction of the entire superstructure

Answer: b
Reference: Langer Y, Langer A. Tooth supported telescopic prosthesis in compromised dentitions: A clinical
report. J Prosthet 2000; 84(2): 129-‐32
149. All of the following resist the movement of a bilateral distal extension base in response to occlusal force
a. Rests
b. Mandibular major connector
c. Denture bases
d. Non-‐stress releasing clasp assemblies

Answer: b
th
Reference: Krol AJ, Jacobson TE, Finzen FC. Removable Partial Denture Design. Indent. 5 edition. 1999. P93-‐
109
150. A meta-‐analysis of fixed dental prostheses indicated less than 15 % of tooth-‐supported metal-‐ceramic FDPs
need to be removed or replaced within:
C
a. 7 years
b. 10 years
on
c. 15 years
d. 18 years

Answer: b
Reference: Scurria MS. Meta-‐analysis of fixed partial denture survival: Prosthesis and abutments. J Prosthet
fid
Dent 1998; 70: 459-‐64

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a. mechanical abrasion with carbide burs.

prostheses showed that:

a. monoplane occlusion was the most favored.

c. all occlusal schemes were uniformly preferred.

a. porcelain fused to metal

c. monolithic lithium disilicate

a. “s” & “z”

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

value, and low chroma

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

a. Randomized controlled trials

d. Significantly improve masticatory performance

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

a. Silicone impression materials release hydrogen gas.

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

except one. Which one is the exception?

20. What two structures comprise the pterygomandibular raphe?

a. Tensor veli palatini and the soft palate

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

d. grain size is an important determinant of phase stability

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

a. Short clinical crown length

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

a. Will protrude and deviate toward the surgical side.

d. Will retrude and deviate toward the non-­‐surgical side.

a. They become increasingly inaccurate as time from removal increases.

a. Use of pre-­‐fabricated abutments

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

a. Loosening of the denture

a. Causes bone necrosis

a. Lower the occlusal plane in the anterior.

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

the muscles of muscles of facial expression.

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

d. Leukoplakia accounts for 85% of all premalignant lesions.

Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 26:123-­‐141, 2014

a. Kennedy Class IV

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

except one. Which one is the exception?

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

Distal Extension Removable Partial Denture Patients. J Prosthodont 2006;15:25-­‐31.

a. 5-­‐7.5 mm vertical and 9 mm horizontal

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

a. Prosthesis fracture and caries.

a. Osteoinduction, osseointegration and ankylosis

a. Wear facets with sharply defined peripheries.

a. Poor marginal adaptation of the crown

a. mesial and distal papilla

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

a. Anteroposterior Palatal Strap

a. HF etch and silane priming

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

7 mm below the Frankfort Horizontal Plane?

e. Excessive denture palatal relief

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

a. Palatal brushing is an effective treatment of denture stomatitis

a. Lingual surface of maxillary anterior teeth.

d. Loss of retention

J Prosthet Dent. 2002:90(1):31-­‐41

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

a. Reparative, therapeutic, behavioral

b. Reparative, therapeutic, pharmaceutical

© 2015 American College of Prosthodontists. All rights reserved.

d. Will retrude and deviate toward the non-‐surgical side.

a. Use of pre-‐fabricated abutments

Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 26:123-‐141, 2014

Distal Extension Removable Partial Denture Patients. J Prosthodont 2006;15:25-‐31.

a. 5-‐7.5 mm vertical and 9 mm horizontal

J Prosthet Dent. 2002:90(1):31-‐41

a. It is available as dual-‐cure, self-‐cure, or light-‐cure

a. The average axial displacement of a tooth is 25-‐100 μm

a. Cone-‐beam CT scan

Dent 1998; 70: 459-‐64