481 INTRODUCTION analgebraic expression containing two terms is called a binomial expression. ( 1 Forexample, (a +b), (2x — 3y), { x+ I etc. are binomial expressions. Similarly, an algebraic expression containing three terms is called a frinomial. In general, expressions containing more than two terms are known as multinomial expression. The general form of the binomial expression is (x + a) and the expansion of (x + a)",n€N is called the binomial theorem. This theorem was first given by Sir Issac Newton. It gives a formula forthe expansion of the powers of a binomial expression Inearlier classes, we have learnt that (x4)? =1 (x+a)! =x+a (x40)? = x74 2ax+a7 (x4@)> = x34 3x2a + 3x07 +0" 3 4 xtedx2 a4 6x2 a? taxa ta ansions follow a particular pattern as given (xt at We observe that the coefficients in the above exp: below: Index of the binomial Coefficients of various terms 0 1 1 1 2 " . : 1 3 iS i 3 "f 6 ca i 1 ides. Any entry, except the first and me is bounded by 1 on both si ry, excep the fis and I ae ence the Peeling ag fas ben immediate ri bove pal A It ee ee anare) sel olds good for sealer in the expansions nomial expressions having index (exponent) greaterwee , Index of the binomial Coefficients of various term 0 1 1 vee 2 Levi avant 3 Tav3 v3) val 4 ARVEAY 6 oy Gave 5 1 v5 ¥ wv 0 ¥ sive 6 tv 6v bv mv 15 yg Pascal's Triangle Using the above Pascal’ triangle, we obtain (x+at = rsa or, (xa) = yx a4 1c, xg! és Pe 2 Tah yg 2, 2g? 270+ FCP Vl 4 2, 2-2 of (+9) ayes au? or, (x40)? = px 4 2 xT hy % hag (xa) mat daa 62a? 4a? 4 a oe Cea m Mey st a ey at Nala Ay at-2 2 4 Cy at aa yee Get a PCy 2048 P Vat 8, F-22450 P- 3 g? 4 Bylooking at the above expansions we can easily guess that the general formula would bea formas given inthe following theorem. Sey P-4al se ler een pear Te te Neg P PP Tate ee +" tm +e ie (pa eee 10! We shall prove the theorem by using the principle of mathematical induction ‘Let P (n) be the statement: meee Ga my PMN al 5M, MPP MG IT + ce +a a STL Wehave, PCI): (r+)! ='Cy x49 « Ie, 2a! We know that (eralaxcantegstads'cy 2a! < Po}bin 189 ct P (nb true. Then, te Oem h AMC EB a3 HA = now show that P (m +1) is true For this we have to show that et me em Neg eh a tN Mab g 1G Ta fe , mg ahd egg 128 Now, (rea? wlan (xs al = 4 8M Ma Ge Tal ak Ge Mg eT Cy 20] Co WT al + Cy + MEQ) 2 ab + Ca + mya es EC EMG VON tact Oma Gy) MC emg en em al Gg Tia er Gyan 8G AM, F212, 3, tet Ng lt Ne a P (m+ 1)is true. Thus, Pn) is true => P (m+) is tre, e of mathematic (on, the theorem is true fr al € N. Hence, by the principle of mathematical indueti out PORTANT CONCLUSIONS FROM THE BINOMIAL THEOREM In this section, we shall draw some useful conclusions from the binomial theorem, Weave, (eta = EtG td or ° (sa a Mey ah aP 9 Rey PN CoB a tt NG Bd teh Since ran have values from 0 to the total numberof ers in the expansion fs (n+-1) (Gi) The sum of the indices of x and a in each terms r (si) Since "C, = "Cyig » for 1 = 0/1, Browne "Co ="Cqe "Cy="C qa, “Cr ="Cu-2 = fi ‘So, the coefficients of terms: equidistant from the beginning and end areequal a sins hae Ce tg ceed ean eed 0 1 pat Dt tea! a te rae 2) Cay Gg RE Ths. he ein the expan of = ate aerate pov ard nega haa erm 'S Positive or negative according as 1 seven or odd.2.4 MATHEUATES (©) Putting x=1 and a =.xin the expansion of(x +)", we get (tai = Moye M rey Pee E44 Cy te dent £4 This is the expansion of 1 +3)" in ascending powers of x (i) Patting a =1 in the expansion of x + a, we get ass" tt PO Cy 0 ie atx" This s the expansion of 1+ "in descending powers of x. (vii) Putting x=1 and a=-xin the expansion of( + 0", we g (1m af" = "Cy ~ "Cy 24 %Cp 2? PCy 4 eros je -a"= E Cay "Gf (ii) The coefficient ofr +1)th term in the expansion of 1+ 3)" is"C, the same nb fie (bx) The coefficient of 2” in the expansion of (1 + 2)" is"C, 24% aa 4 %Cy wo? uP Mey x Matera oun} Nouns Ifmisodd than (x + a)" +(x —0)"and x + 0)" —(x ~)" both 0) (eral era and, (x+a/"~(x-a)" afc, xt cut 10 (852) where Ys re, then Kae aoe av (Eo) term {cr+9%-c-a"}ts(% ems ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: wa LEVEL Type! DETERWNG THE NUMBER OF TERMS INTHE EXPANSIONS OF BNOMAL ANO TAN EXPRESSIONS. SAMI Find the mundo tm the ess of he few: ( @x-3y" (i) +5 (27 41-520?” i) E+ +E— J" yy ae +3919" )1Gx+ 98 -Gr-y"} (are? pas? SOLUTION (i) Theexpansion of + 4)" has (n+ 1) terms. So, the expansion of 2— 397 0 Wnisoddthenthe expansion of (2+ "+(x F018" 41-5 2° na 252 snowAL THEOREM 15 up nis even then the expansion of {(x +a)" (« of} ba( Et) terms go WE + Yi"? + iF - fo)? has 6 terms, (wy Webave (arty te + @y-42)} 9 (28) (By 12° + "Cy (2 By — Aa) 4 Cg al? BY =A 4 "Cpu (20) (By — 4a)" 1 + "Gy (3942 carly, he fis term in the above expansion gives one term, second term gives wo terms rd term gives three terms and 50 on. jm sms (ned) = S, total number of terms= 1+2+ 3+ "| i sr + y)® (3x9) has 4 terms. tren eat (e-af] ema. So Grey () Itniseve (1) We have w * nasa ns ane xt = fa sn? So, there are 41 terms in the expansion of (1 + 2rer'f Tipe ll exPaNDNG A GvEN EEPRESSIN UNG THE SNOMAL THEOREM EXAMPLE 2 Expand (x? + 2)° by binomial theorem. SLO Ugg ini er, 2 5 8 (2a)? + % + cy a2)? (28)? (a 2aP = Sep a COR al + al is yen? +P a 5G a eh at ics ate ome Pah saad = ssa aga 24026 e024? BD AMPLE 3 Expund (2x —3y)! by binomial theorem SoumoN Using bom ren we aa (2x—3y)* = 12x 6 (-3yl* Scocan' (ay? sfc an cane Ca Oar & ie 468 ay cece) OP) ABNEZY 6x — 965y + 216x7y* -216y7 +siy* ay? + fc ant cay? + C6308 y+ aty! EUAMLE By using binomial theorem, expand eae Oder wen cxreounanl Soumon, () ust yax-+s2 Then ik OE ay tay sey came ort eta oe Obi p oneal et mts sense sq@enceey {cae ela186 MAT HEUTE s+) sary 38 425 * #(3,%), 24 (i) Let yan x2. Then, axes ar yte Keys fy says My yo ty yt nomial here. ante Tee rt 2601034? Acree | OS Notave a a-2?+xta-nt (art -2ar + 30) Ax (=2) +6724 4.24) 4898p PCy (32? -20n) (a8? 4+ 3c5 (ax? 2099 (30°)? PACs a Heyl) a2e +) a3 4 37a x ae 6x2 AP oah ax? —2ax) + Z7e6 Doar 4x? + 6x2 —1259 + 6x 429 41234 128 4 43° + x4 aa 56x a at = 1-42-4102" ~1629 + 1924-1629 + 102° 497 4 29 y +902 (ox! 12x? +4? 2) + 27a (33? —2an) + 27a PANES Usinginmia orem, expnd(1 +22)" 00 ee SOLUTION Wehave, waa 23 oa 2 an63 a? +1179 a sta «27a (3) =f ren) mo2() eG) y Posey Proethat Ey 3 =a SOLON Wehave, Ca at = My MC x4 MCF tat % eae Ee 7 . A cal ele 2 oe are _ Putting x= 3 on both sides, we get (+3 = £ am app tion of 099) seterms. expansion SOLUTION Wehave, (099° = a-oon= {1-4 io) =e -8yx 1 50 x(1) —80,( 2 100 100) ~ “(00 eo 0 1 100 * 10000 ~ 1000000 * Gon}® ~ on™ 1005+ 0001 [Neglecting fourth and othe tras a) con) pute the follwing: a coay @ SOLUTION. (i) Wehave, (99° = (100-1) = Fy « 100) x 100)8 + Fe x 400)3 (200)> -5 x 100)¢ +10 « 200)? 10° 5108 +107 0"? +107 + (i) We have, (102)° = (100 + 2)8 (100) 5 (0 10% (00)? + 5100-1 10° +510? -1 5% 107) «108 +10° + 1) = 10010000500 ~500100001 = %o x 100)° + S10 «2. 'cz aon «2 “Cx 09? 229 fy x 000) «24 + cy x00) = +, 0008" s 09° + 6 C098 2-415 ca9$ x 22 +20 0093x2915 x00), +6x 00) 10% +1210" + 6. 107 616% 107 + 24 10° + 19210" + 64 = 1125162519264 (i) Weave, oxy = ao+0> 5c qx 00 x (04)? + % +09 1 009 (01) +, « 4? (00? +¥C x00" 09 +c x19! x08 “eax yt +o = 10} +5108 «02 +10 103 « (01)? +10 40}? «(01)?-+5 «10% (0 10° +5 10° +10? +145. 0.001 + 0.00001 100000 + 5000 +100 +1 + 0.005 + 0.00001 = 105101.00501 Write down the binomial expansion of ea", when x: ‘Deduce that Cl xe les te otk a+ oe ot? aia 1658)? tt "Cue 118) = MR an-90097{"* 1+ 281, (6 +t Ce Ole gf! 6n—-9 = 64x an integer 97 bn 91s divisible by 64 Using int hore, roe that Snares Thn des 5 INCER Ws. SOUTON We have, a+ sa = {C9 +"Cyx sco? 0 ee 45m + °C x5? + "C9 x5? tnt MgB" -5 abn t = Cy x54 Cy XS tt CaS Sant a 88M Cy xB oC HSP tet Cex} 659-1 = 25% an integer 6-5 = 25x an integer +1 > 6 -Sxleaves the remainder 1 when divided by 25. (vez) Using binomial theorem, expand {3+ 9° +E | and ee fir thee of { Fea? saw} LUTON Weave, tee a = 2{Fcox8 +5ca2? f+ %Ca2! A} -2(# sso esat) Putting x= /2 and y =1, end y= wet é (Raa QhaaP 2 +m) 5) 2 (82008 +52) a SAMPLE 14 If0 ete sum fe terms tht fcc terms in he expansion $s Pre ht (i) 408 =( 9 (2-0 (9 0? (2 a" (i) 200? +B) = ra) 20-0SOLUTION We have, (+ a)" = "Cy Se Y Be 222, +a" = ra" O+E and, (x-ay = "Cpa" "Cy x80 4 "Cy 2" 2 = tena = {egy sy a2 = (x-9" =0-E i) () Multiplying @) and (i, we get (r+0)"x-a)" = (040-5 = We - 0-2 (i) Weave, 408 = (0+5?-(0-5? {Using () and = 408 = {orar} {e- 3 40E = (249-9 (8 Sauasng and and ten adding we ge (40) +(x—a)™ = (045? +(0-5? = 2:07 +E, Type VON APPLICATIONS OF BINOMIAL THEOREM. EXAMPLES Which larger (1.01)!°%2 oy, 10,0907 no SOLUTION Weave, on" sG000 (1+ 001)" — 9900 2 12 4 IMP 0.1) 3A 09)? OIE gy x (000/200 (+ 1000000 « 001+ other positive terms) 10000 (1+ 10000 + other positive tems) ~ 10000 1+ other positive terms >0 coon? 0000 PXAMPLE16 Ifa anu bare distinct integers, prove that d— "is dvisibe by (0B) et SOLUTION We have, = (e-H +h ¢ as ap poten PANG (aD IC, (ab 1 51 Ay (aby 5? on "Cy a (0-14 pat ot HPF ae yale DP G9 pINOMALTHEOREM fa ntyt 1 6 MC, (ab) 204 "Cy (ab 9B at v--nf by (ab). Hence, dH" i divisible by (8-2) sem roca >i «59, INCERTENEMPLAR taasr.ew7 Using bia umon Letx = 1012 and y = 1009+ 99. Then, z-y = 10” 100% - 99° 101% - 99% 100 (100 +1 ~ 200-1)" 100° 2 {cy x 1008 +5%Cs x 1007 + yy x100} =100° 9 52a icy t00! #4 Sy 10 100 00" + + 2 Cy 100 eo ory C5 «10 rey = apositive integer so rey>0 = x>y = 101 >100 +9 a ory __EXERCISE 18.1 serie down the expansions ofthe following: (a 1, Using binomial theorem, ( Qx-3y" “i . , w(t) (ity 28-377 © aes ay wy 0-397) (id)? Ja ~ 9 Jay (8) (1=2x + 324)9 2. Erahate the flowing 0 (gta) (at @ Jay ov) 240% ie G (op 23! +087 (nin (0998 +0008 G8) 42 + 0-200 (9) (0+ 28 0-3 (oi) 3 +49 (3-0 x) (f3 + yB)° (3 -VOV® w{eera}'s {e-Fay noe > Roast ent ten eran 5 +) (V8 =) 4 Find(x +1964 (x-1)81 Hence, or otherwise evaunte( 2 +6 + 12-2ae 1812 MATHEMATICS 9 Using binomial theorem evaluate each of the following: © (9° INceRT G0 [NcERT) Gi) GON" INCERr ER (iv) (68° (Ncexr, ‘Using binomial theorem, prove that 2°" ~7n=1is divisible by 49, wheren eN Using binomial theorem, prove that 32°* = 8n 9s divisible by 64, ne, risa postive integer, prove that 3° — 261 1 is divisible by 676 LEVEL? Using binomial theorem, indicate which is larger (11)! ‘or 10002 Nee 10, Using binomial theorem determine which number is smaller (1.2) or $00? 11, Find the value of 1.01)” + 1-001)" correct to 7 places of decimal 12, Show that24** 415016, where n € Nis divisibleby 225, [NCERT EXEMPLAR : ANSWERS 1. 322% + 240 x4y 2.720.299? + 1080 279 + 810 xy! + 243.9 (6) 16 x4 ~96 x3y +216 x°y? 216° + 81 y4 (ii) x8 - 6x4 + 1537 -20 + 18 (iy) 1212+ 189x? ~945x° + 283524 ~5103x° + s103x° - 218727 Pat 242 ap a%? 41 Ot _6a0™ 38 (0) afs® 60s +15 04,24? 29 0°? 415 20° _ Sab? |» : ws +182-20+154 (i) 2? 629 09 415 24/9 «29 a0 0x 415.2219 gl 6243 3 4a? (it) 1 +10x-+ 25: 40x? ~r90x4 + 923° + 5702° — 60x” — 751° + s10x” -2432" (by 2° 437-543 (9) 16x 213? — 44x? + cart 545s 2756 4, 2% (WY6x(4:? 3) Gin 42-9654 3622-2 (iy 201+ 403+ 8007) (is) 198 (117812 (wi) 10084 (wii) 152 (ii) 20020001 (i) 996.16 (0 244 + 1266 1004 = 402 42 Bab + ab) 40/6 4, 2698 +15x" +1517 + 1,198. MOI iccscss ca tse. x ossine 9.) > 1000 0, 800 ai, 20090042 /pROB EMS matte HINTS TO NCERT & SELECTED. 2 ©) Weim Gra -ecataalietiteeeyebete-} 10.13 94 85 VB} (5 +20 6x J + 6x 4x V6) SINOMIAL THEOREM 2{ % (3° WD" + 5 WB)? (6x 9% 2(sive +1206 + 24/6) = 2198/6 = 39616 es foeer Sf) +a} 1) = 28 aa 100 4a? +2 (eb 6 ~ 24 'crat “ Acyati?} = a(t) = sabe? +0) (3 + "(13 -y)t -0/5 12 "+ (2?} =a 1 Using (ea eal <2(teget a 4 Pa a) weg cesta aout Neat fe eg a2e asst Potting x we get Waa scant ea {ya e156" 1S) ot} = 2846042049) = 88 = a0 -4)* ne 2c, 10)" c, 9?! + C3 cay! 4? = %65 100°) = 10° ~12.« 10* + 4800 - 64 = 1000000 ~120000 + 4800 ~64 = 854736, 44) (102)° = (100 i = cq io 2" cya «2 4c 10) «2? +e «000/82 Soy 10a 55 1099 = 101 + 10° + 40 10° + 8010" + 80 10% + 32 = 110400802 %, a aon = ao yt . 2 . nin = Hey ao?) 0) + 45 OF? + £4 Py . 6 Amma = 14 400 + 6% 104 + 410° + 108 = 104060401CC Lee 18.14 () (98 = (00 = °C (00)5 —Fcyx00)" x2 + °c « 100)3 x2 —5c5 x 109233 +54 (100)! 24 5 x 109038 = 107-10? + 40%10° + so00 ~ 32 = 1039207968 Using + af" = "C32? + Cpe" Mey Gy 2, eget ay! (1,1 0 10%, 10m, A OME, (LY, rage 1 OH 0 40 00030 rome, (17,5 0 -— = 1441000 + Mc, (AY, 10 2*\i) ‘Croom( 3, 11)? —1009 = 14%, (1), 100%, (1)! 2*li0 “rom (56 = cy" 1000 >0 150-151 = 2h a5 (041)-1 16115 051)-1 =01415)"*1 45 (n41)-1 ={Pe9+"" 'cya5)-"* 7c, 0574" 4c505)7 at c,, ast} ase a{reasine ns te, a5)? 9c, 05)%4..4* Cua |} aso =25{06.0 e409 2.405") = 225% A natural number. ible by 25, Hence, 2" 184 GENERAL TERM AND MIDDLE TERMS IN A BINOMIAL EXPANSION Wehave a (ea PCy PEM Lahey PBB MG Pd tot Ck We ind that The fist term = "Cp "a? The second term = "Cy 2" al WALTHEOREM 1015 “The third term = "pv"? a2 ‘The fourth term = "C3 x" 3 43, and 30.0, wethusobserve that thesuffx of Cin any term sone Tes than the number of tems; theindex of Heir the suffix of Cand the index of ais the same as the sufi of C Hence the(r+1)th erm isgivenby "C, 2°" af Thus if7; x denotesthe (+1) term, then Ri erey ‘Thisisclle the general term, because by giving different values tor we can determine tems vdtheexpa ace (x~)"(x +(-})".So the general term inthe binomial expansion of (= i given by eal (ea "Pld Inthebinomial expansion of(1 +" the general term is given by a= "Cr Inthe binomial expansion of(1 ~, the general term i given by Ge ‘TE: Inthe binomial expansion ox + the term from theendis( +2) —F +1) =(n—r + 2th tom rom the beginning. 41 MIDDLE TERNS IN A BINOMIAL EXPANSION Thebinomial expansion of (++ contains +1) terms. Therefore, (0 niseven, thes term isthe middle term. (8) Unis oad, a ars ana ("4) terms are the two middle terms, \2 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES "ypet_ on Foie THe GeNERALTERM OR ANINDICATED TERMIN THE BINOMIAL EXPANSION OE SOME avEN EXPRESSION SAMPLE Write the general term i theespnson of? -¥ ‘tno Weta yt ={2t sa} Te genera term inthe expansion of the above Binomial given by Tera ow Ter = Cay %G, INCERT] bhi "G Td] Ban ay me etki ne erm146 MATHEWATIES SOLUTION We know that the (+ 1th term in the expansion of +4)"is given by Gra eee ae Therefore, inthe expansion off 2x7 +1)", the tenth term T,g is given by Tip = Tay = "Cy 23%)12-9(1) [ere =12,r=9, 2=227 and = Tig = Co (2x4)? x 4 = Tyo "8. Bath f EXAMPLES Find the th term i Theron in theepason off = 32), es em gen y BoP _epaatett (tea eg" cot 18 EXAMPLES Fitton tem ne casons (95-1) Pad. air) SOLUTION Clearly, (msl etaay 1817 pNOMIAL THEOREM [AMPLE Find the 4th term from the end inthe expansion of SOTION Clearly, the given expansion contains 8 terms, So, 4th term from the end =(8 ~4 + 1)th =5th term from the beginning, 7x6x3(3°)(2) | 3x2x1| x6 || oF Se them fon eet ei 2 Required term = SOLUTION Clearly, the given expansion contains 26 terms. £2,210 term from the end = (26 ~ 11 + 1)th term from the beginning Le. 16th term from the ining = Fes x2! x SOMES Find nite ratio ofthe fifh term from the beginning tthe fifth term from the end in Mover gy is INCERT] SSLUHION Cheat, F Stem rom tend = (+15 +1) term om he bing = (2-3) term from the beginning io Beats ate, {ea |” e (4) oat 2.08 ( ee=> 28x36 = 2x3 4 =6"? 264 no! ee +72 EXAMPLES Finda, if170hand 18th terms nthe expansion of(2 +6) ar equal SOLUTION. Wehave, ng OF 6 and, Th 7 2 C7 2 xa"? 5 Type TI ON FINDING THE MIDDLE TERIM(S) 3? Seine Path min i ing (204-3 SOLUTION Here n = 20, whichis an even number, so, {2° +1) ( MATHENA TES 9 10 (Neer term te, 11th term riddle erm, 0-10 » Hence, the mide term =T;y Ti y=™Cyo(2:?) =o ( baum Freie een ] Here =7 which san od bt s2ue7ON The gem pion = 741" Tinh. os (222) ai(23243) Le nh en items 105239 > > 2 Pontos (22) oe Now, noes ?ese (5) =-1)? 75 30" (=) aaa sNoMALTHEOREM vase Fe 1270438 13538 1052! 4 35 eee, the mide ers are ~™F— and 32 xanrLt 2 Show thatthe mil term i th expansion of(+ 27% is 13-5. Q0D op con SOLON ‘The exponent of (+3) in (L-+3)*isan even number 28 se-cn2) tes the middle term in the binomial expansion of(1-+2)*, wee _ ea i 12.3.4 5.6.0 3) n= 2 (OND n= 3) (2m (n-2) 2) _ frsssiccnea cron} {246 raeah 2-3) (2n-1)} {1-23.00 _ {8:35.09 Gaon} {1-23.69 OP {235.003 rm} mez 5. 9.5..0ne nn "AMT hat the midterm nt exes of =—2) 1:3-5_.219) oe INCERT EXEMPLAR] ‘ 5 ? oa a S©1uTION The exponent in{x-2) ean even ata amber so(2 or) eee "erm isthe middle term and i given by Bers cr( HY 7 3 Tyg pe HE 5-6, yt s 1.3-5...(20-1) faa. (x20) inl1020 wren {rssceen jaan Toe x(a" > hn Dean a} 2 SD ay EXAMPLES Prove ta he nefcint of he idle erm in the expansion of 1+ G Soyo sum ofthe coins of mie erms in theexpanson off. +2)! ince SOLUTION Asdiscusedin the previous example, themidle is given by Ty, 1=7'Cq tem in the expansonof( the coefficient ofthe middle term in the expansion of (1 +2)" is "Cy Now, consider the expansion of (1 + 2)°°~. Here, the index (2 ~1) sod. (an-1) +1)" 4 (Qn—te1 So, an +1] ie. and (n +1)" terms are middle terms (Sap) ana = 1} na st Neer emia gyesnneen oi =a and Tae = GGA = Ie So, the coefficients of two middle terms in the expansion of 1+ 9-1 are "Gy! a Sum of these coefficients =" "Cy. 42> aes 1G tl =>c, re Coefficient of middle term in the expansion of 2 Type TION Froina THe COEFFICIENT FOR A GIVEN INDEX (EXPONENT) OF THE YARABLE (a_2 3)" here xr 5 Fd the coin of inthe noi expansion of 227 ) oh | SOLUTION. Suppoe( +1 erm onan in the bnaial expansion of(247= De® No Fa = M6 a2h"(-3 = cay He 2 167, , contains x", then 2-¥=10 > $0,(4+ 1h Le. 5th term contain x Puttingr =4in (), we get Ha B= Mt Mega 4 ee abe = Ney x ater! Coefficient of 22° = Mey x27 x at woMaL THEOREM voz : oumon Suppose(? +1 term involves 23 in thereon oft 3] new, Tar = Mb" (-A] ca Bea a forthe contain 2%, we mat have $a 4+ yh Le Sh erm contaia Png = inh, weet OE am «eat Ceticentof = = "cy = 1568 a -» Suppose(s +1) term in the binomial expansion of 3 -4) enunet von er = Poti (-A] eat ae 0 West contains we mut ave Sst) te ih erm cotaing Pang =11in we gt a Ta = CDP Mey 2? = Bey a= Ey Cite of 7 = eg a =1385, "AMPLE Find the coficentof® 9? in the eas of +2 SSLUMON Suppose x6 y3 occurs in(r +1)" term fhe expansion of + 29 Now, pads tay xo xy This will contain 2° y3, if Sra6 md rad 703g Coefficient of x° y? Syn? age ® sf SAMUS Find te cpt of te epson of 02+ 2) SLLTEN Wena, 7 eae? {acai} as Seppo occurs in(y «18 em in the expasion of | Now Tie Had,1022 : MeMAneS For this term to contain ©, we must haver = 40. So, cooticient of x" = Cy, We know that the coefficient of in(1 + 2)"is"C Coeticient of int +2)" is *Cg Prove that theres no term thee a SOLUTION Suppose Now, J =H yf alt" ¥ For this term to contains, we must have Gaerne 7=24) whach a rection But, risa natural number. Hence, there i no term containing ** Find the coef fn the expansion ofthe product (1 +23)° (1-27. INCE SOLUTON Weh = =f $c (29)+ §C4 2% Sc canis Feo sTegst Tes 2x + 60x? + 16023 + 240%" + 1923" +...) (1-734 218? — 35x + 35x =P 38 <7 10 Coefficient of 2° in the product =1 x(-21) + 12 35-+ 60 (-35) +160% 21 + 240” im = -21+400 2100 + 3360 ~1680 +192 Frade rm denn nthe xeon of {32 Let r +1)th term be independent of xin the given expression. 2% a (A a soLTION Me, ¢a2y-"(-2, (28) Now, J ‘This term will be independent of x if 2-5-0 rad So,(4-+1)th Le.5th term is independent of x, Putting = 4in (i), we get We, 36(-2)° 76545 #( eal Hence eure em = 785 10x97, 729 Be Gx 3xan1 he on a2 rm nde of nh exes of a(é w(e-3) soumon () Let(r+ 1h te be independent on he given e=preion New 7 ac, 2-1 (2) 2 Gay ae “ te Rinne ee tn independent Of Peg cee = Pe Hence, required term = "Cy 0 tether beindependent fn the pen expression Now, Tar =, x)" <(cay Me ara “) Fortine tobe independent of, wet have $0.6 + hie oh erm independent of: Patingr <5) meet Orn nS conde See al} Z be Sx ax Su 2e1 Hence, required tem = 6064 “ Find te ef 0 tt tem nerd fin) A SSLLHEN Lelie) termintheespason ol E+ +] ‘beindependent of New Tt * Ail) x era & 29 = see a e023 5-% 025 =o Putting = 2in (), we got Ts = MCp af "sven thatthe term independent of xis equa 40, 1G, «= 405 2 4 = 45 > = 990-23 [ENTS INA BINOMIAL EXPANSION Type V_ PROBLEMS RELATING TO COEFFICE {Rslving the problems relating the coefficients in the binomial expansion we generally use the iow ing rests . () Cocticent of +1) ein the binomial expansion of 2°18 (8) Coxficint of in the binomial expansion of (#28 = (0) Coetcient of inthe expansion of ah BC1V "Ce 8) Cocfiient f (+ 1h term nthe expansion of. =a 81I | seas MATHEMATICS EXAMPLE non asa)" pn nts ofa anda INCERT SOLUTION Let A and B be the coefficient respectively inthe expansion +a". Then ae Clearly, A=B ie. thecoeticents of" and in the binomial expansion of(t+a!"* "area EXAMLE2S Prove that he coficients of" in( +3) iti the cofcent of xin 143% (NceRT SOUUTION Let A and B be the coeticints of" in the binomial expansions of (+3) (1+ 9" weapectvely. Then, A = Confficient of in +27" =, = 22! eo and, B = Coefficient of xin (+1 = Ic, = AD a From () and (ji, we get h A = 2B Le. Coefficient of "in (1+ »)®" =2 Cofcient of xin (14+ ‘qual teach other. Find sion SOLUTION The coefficients ofthe fourth and thirteenth terms inthe binomial P= (a+ bf are "C3 and "Cyz respectively It is given that (Coefficient of 4th term ina +b)" = Coxsficient of 1th tem in 2 eeyea i ss : sionoft + 29°86 AMPLE Findapostiv valu ofmfor which he confit of nthe expr Norn nt of SOLUTION We know thatthe coefficient of” in (1 +2)" is", Therefore, cet (+ai"is"cy tis given thatthe coefficient of x? in (1 + 2)" bs 6. mene mnt) 2 = wtema2 pNOMIALTHEOREM 1025 = wt-m-12=0 > nH m+ 3)=0 3 om-4=0 fr me 320) Feasts. Ifthe coecint of(¢ 5) and (2 1)!" terms in the expansion af. + 3)™ are qual find INCERTI ELUTION We know that the coefficient of # term in the expansion of 1+ 3)" is "Cp Therefore, a, us Contents ofr 5)" and(2r 1)" temsin the expansion of(1 + 2)*4are™C, _gand “Cy, respectively Iti given that these coefficients are equal *ciiga Moai > 27-2 on,7 6427-22 fr "a7 = res reson] 5 4-8-4 po 622--2 = r=-4, which isnot possible) = ¥-@ar- Type VI_ PROBLEMS BASED ON CONSECUTIVE TERMS OR CONSECUTIVE COEFFICIENTS \Woomsecutve terms or coefficients of consecutive terms inthe expansion of (+ +)" ae given we assume that the consecutive terms arer®, (+1) and (+2) eT; Tr 1404; «2 Tey and: Inca of consecutive terms, we find Ueshould be noted that +! M=E+2 i Incase oon decane fe te te 2S rg ecutive confit we ee | ‘tc. to get equations and solve them. computing these ratios, we may use the following results: wee. nore) Recetas Cos mae "Gate } ‘ yrs of 3 rb te ral ASSL Tefen of ree come ler in he exasion 1742. Find n eae "cara eerMaTHETESy and, sc) ra hear 6 = 11-60 i) Solving () and (i, we get and n are in AP. Find the binoms expansion fi SOLUTION The coefficient of fifth, sixth and seventh terms in the binomial expansion off + are"Cy" oft a) fifth sth and secenth ems this can happen 5 and "Ce respectively. Weare given that "Cy ,"Cy and "Cy arein AP 2"C5 = "Cy + "Cy = [Dividing both sides by" s (aEa GA s 30+ (0-4) (0-5) 6-4) > 1n-48=30 +1? 9420 => n?-21n+ 98-=0 = (x—14)(n-7) = 0 BATH BXAMPLESY the conficiensofa Yd! "arin AP FO INcERT in the binomial expansion of(1+ 9 that i? —n(4r +1) +42 2-0 sala SOLUTION The coefficients of d’~1, 4 and d'* in the binomial expansion of (+47 "C,-1"G, and "C, , respectively. Its given that "C, _1,"C, and "Cr+ aren AP: aac a Gas 2 BD pe seg rs (Sea | | pe Me Ho—n ere | -D@-rD = afrren gon}arronemengeren . = Qnr = 27? 4 2n+2=r rtm? —2arePenor = atar-ne 2-2-0 3 P-n(tr 41) +47 -20 | e 7 Bs oy 5 es = ed Ps 2 . coe ro v7 siowtAL THEO! ofr —1), hand +1) tems in thes of + ar he A 5. Find mand. INCERTI aarsea We know thatthe coefScent of rth term in the expansion of (e-9) sa Ces a Gat 28%, reer, coefficients of (F-1)", and (7 +1)" terms are rete Rpt "o Swat 300 und n tbe ometa 2 Type VI on-woWa TH UMOWN HEN THEYALUE OF ATES OVE soesy fle tr in teens (+ 280°] 10 then id SsuON Weave 1 = tom > %,1 = 10 = fe,(1) “ts? = 100 = 20 (2810*)? x <°9 = 1000 = Phere? = 100 > tlsior3 . ig? > ogig x3 = loge 10? 5 2 Blogg #3 ™ legi0* > ty-3 2, wherey=logi0* y > ayt-sy-20 > aysny-2 <0 > 1 j i ye 2ory ee 2 a m4 ora 10? = 100 oF, 2-107 logyg x =2 oF logo ® =F— een 1828 aT 6 | 1 ing t M fhe four rm in the expansion of | V2®*" «3121 seat 2a then find x. SOLUTION tis given that = 200 eee (eet 1 logit} ae meee (eee | 2 t 2| logig x41)" 4” logio = Sur = gag ted wheey-tonw Be cays Aty+) ey aye > (+4 (y-1) ee Sosa ea ta = x10 of, x=104 > x=10 eran in can g [or scree aut SOLUTION We know that a!980% « w, _ ae Se tl & stl (aura sazoere-»| -{P Let T, be the th term in the above expansion. Then, Ty = 180 1029 anowaL THEOREM _y10-8 5 il ayy ua we, (TaN forte a ota {ast t47} { 1c, (257-247) G41) * = 180 tet east pe Besta 2 2 Le aa wherey 7 2 f-ayes = -3y-) = 9 Bey 23-1 : Sle aor, St) 15 a 15 or a 1Y 3, then Iues of aand n. cos yeah tom intent (oco8] wide te SOWMON Itis given that mak Tor r 0) 3 "C5 (ax Clanly, RHS ofthe above equ: iting” 829 2 iting = in (i), we get oo aes 27 Sxdxt Hence, a=1 and n= Sandn=6. Te VILT_ oN wioDLE TERM (6) N A BINOMIAL EXPENSION i Find the alu of for whic the eocicet of te il ters te paras of (sax ant (a) are qual find “OLUTION In the expansion of(1 +a) Midate term = $C (ax)? = 60° 3 the expansion oft ~ax)®18.20 D ey If the middle term in the binomial expansion of{ + xsinx) is equal 8 me (Zssinz) ent aly SOLUTION in the binomial expansion of2-+25inx),(22-+1)" teh ern they term, This given that 3 ion 8 1m being a natural number, is 559, Find the term ofthe expansion containing 2°. SOUTION Weave, ; oy Bea (Bs Vomit a2 (a2 oreyt(-3)4%c, -2(-3) + 3 me, im m3 me.) gn Gy (= 3) =(- Fe) "Got ec antey > ston Mey oe MnO Clearly, the coefficients of first three terms are: "Cy ,—3% MC, and 9x "C2 Its ven hat the sum ofthese oie 59 p= 3x °C) 9% °C, 89 mies) tno EH BD 99 ern enias > 9m? ~ 15m ~1116 =0 = 3m? 5m ~ 372 =0 Beet ects sind s7.-0 Ss ann-13)+3in—13 im Perenryoren oie > mold fe meN Suppose (r +1) term contains 2° - m=12] qhiswill contain x°, 12-37 =3ie.r=3. we get sin, es = "C5(-3)° 2 niin elie em an 7 in{ ax? +1) and a=? in| a= } and ind te reltion copier of if x? 2 (og Find i} at these coficints are ual eran aan bso tat these cof " a SOWTION Suppose x7 occurs in(r +1)" term ofthe expansion ot at) Now ayer (LY ote, allt pt 0) Ng (aey!-F Ic, ’ Tor = Ne, (ot This wil contain 2, i By -7 > w= 2 7= Putting = Sin), we obtain that 7 1)" Nc gp. Costin ? me exasincff a+ ) mM 2 ” wnoferngh) ‘Suppose x°7 occurs in(r + 1)" term of the expansion off #5 <7, Now, Thar = Mey (eatot [ Ne, ara a This wil contain 7, Una a -7 9 Bar Pong = 6: i, we obtain that Cc 07 in the expansion of ar= le} ee 9S " ete Meccticent of 7 n(e +) equi eco a Nesaters = Meg taree-ne > Meged = "ee= a = 1 Ifa eccars in theepanson of 2 + 2 prot eit—_—_— ———— ae MaTeeUanegg SPLUMEN Spon? asin in +) termine exparsiont{ x Now, Tra = 4 ana Coefficient of x? = > Coefficient of x” nt where ra St=P Gani” > Covificient of x?” = -__(2n)t [2 i as, J EXAMPLE? Find ‘he coefficient of" inthe expansion of t+ 2) 2)" SOLUTION Coefficient of" in(l +2) (1 2)" = Coefficient of" = 1)" "Gy (1 =3)" + Coefficient of x"? in a 3)" cat Mey =(-0" =n EXAMPLES Fin the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of 1 + x-+32 +23) INCERT EXEMPLAR] SOUTION (Lexex? 23)! solaee (+a) +2704 29)" = + x4)" (BcosBcyeticy x2 +Mcy 2 Megat ales Bn) (ever touertticne) Content of xf ind tars? 3) = Hey Mey Mey alpaca Co } = 55455%11 + 390-990 at EXAMPLE Gt If the coefficients of x and x* in the expansion of (1+ 3)" (1 3)" are 3 and respectively. Find the clues of and SOLUTION. We have, (+x"a-y" | [reo Mere tes Pee Meg ahs toy teyev ter? sere? = "C0 "o-("C0"C1~"Ca Cy) +( Cy "Cy + "Ca""Ca~"Cs"Cs) 7 2 i Its given that the coefficient of x and :? inthe expansion of (+2) (1-3) 8 9 respectively, pNOWIAL THEOREM 1833 “Cy "Cy-"Cq Cy) =3 and, "Cy"Cp +"Cy "Cp ~"Cy "Cy 3 and n(n) +m(m—1) ~2nm = =12 Fo m-m = 3 and (m—m? (m+n) = 12 5 mon = 3 and men = 21 } ae aigia TLAMPLESS — Find the coefficient ofthe term independent of in the expansion of SOLUTION Weave, Ue hehe general term in(o¥3 3°92) Th, ae 1) 0 er ere Forthis term tobe independent of x, we must have 10 see 7 0 = 2-2-3 Siz $5 required coetfcient = "Cy (-1) 210. PUMMELEA6 Find the gratst value of the term independent of x in the expension of (eines see) where ae SOLUTION Let (r +1)" term be independent of vm tase Rema [24] Me, -® ina)” oooh "itis independent of, then? Term independent of larly itis grate when 2 =/2 and ts greatest valet a = Mcqisin a cna = Mesx2°F ton 20° 0, xar8 = 10 Z OB Bae1834 ATHENA ES Type XI_ON COEFFICIENTS OF TERMS IN A BINOMIAL EXPANSION Find he coeicent of in the expansion of +3)" + (+97 641g 9 SOLUTION We have Gent sasy2seden™ fa+n-1 1 Py eee) a Gaga] atte Coefficient of 2° in the given expression = Coefficient of 2° in|} {(1 +." 14%) 201" a Canto of in 9-438 6c, EXAMPLE a6 Find thecoeficient of after simplifying and collecting the lik terms inthe epi Of (1+ 291 x (14 2) ox? (4 aye, I, 15 (149 +2049) 0 Clearly, it i a GE SOLUTION Let S=(1+ consisting of 1001 terms with frst term (1+ 2)! and common ratio 8 , i elas) mali) s=0+9 t om | c+ 3 | ara = s=(sx) } ninth nem rome enn eas) 3 °F heh tem mn en inte expan of 27-3) Find the coefficient of: © in aeorpunien(2?-t)v3 varius (G0) in the expansion of{ x —2, \. (0) 29 in the expansion of 22-1 (vi) xin the expansion of (1 -2x? + 3x°)(1+ 2 i (vii) @ 87 inthe expansion of (a ~ 2b)". INCERT] (viii) xin the expansion of = 34722) (1-191. INCERT EXEMPLAR] ws contains x and y to one anti same power? 11. Does the expansion of 2x?” contain any term involving 2°? 12. Show that the expansion off x?+ 1) "does not contain any term involving 2 13. Fd the mide term nthe expansion of Ci 2 o(2s-3) (t+) P 0 wn (2- o(t-3) 1A nthe mide terms inthe exparion of {sr = INcERT EXEMPLAR) (2x22) \ si ia o(o-3) (eal Renee eres ole!) (iy 1+ 3+ 322 niowaL THEOREM be recy le: oo) INCERTI 3 wales [NCERT EXEMPLAR] ’ 10 go(22) _ INCERT EXEMPLAR (2 4) [NCERT EXEMPLAR} (xe) lax rind the term independent o i the expansion ofthe following expresions co(or-3} eer ay 8(32ae ain dria? (Sema [NCERT EXEMPLAR] Fie: ( * curr exeweLanl (=~ oo( tog) 2 (32-4) 1 coterie of aay and (7-2) ene Pa He 4 (ar 4th and (r=2) INCERT EXEMPLAR] 18. tithe contficientsof2r+ 1th term and(r+ 2th termin the expansions ig ay areequal, fin °. Prove thatthe coeficint ofr + 1th term in the expansion of ofthe coefcients of th and (+ 1th terms inthe expansion of 12) 2. Prove that the term independent of intheepansionel( +2) eh SG) 7 expansion of(1+ 27 arein AP find ‘expansion of(1 +2) rein AP, show [NCERT EXEMPLAR] (+a) arein AP, then find (NCERTI aa? is equal to the sam °1 The coefficients of Sth, th and 7th terms in he the coefficients of 2nd, 3d ane th terms in the that 2? 9 ¢ 2 tre cofficents of nd Sr and th rms in te expansion ot the value of ual, prove 2. afin he caperaion of 1+ the coutients fh and hes oS bee! _ Pe qane 2, where p 2 § uNceTl eer. om 2. Pinder tithecoeticcnta of andx® inthe expansion (3 59) 6 2% nd th cocina te pe +28 =A wi NCERT