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Quantity Survey Estimation Lecture 1
Quantity Survey Estimation Lecture 1
com
Credit Hours = 2
Lecture # 1
Course Instructor
Engr. Shad Muhammad
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering
Qurtuba University of Science & IT, D. I. Khan.
2 Engr. Shad Muhammad
Quantity? Survey? And Estimation?
1. Plans
2. Elevations
3. Sections
1. Drawings: Complete and fully dimensioned drawings (i.e. plans, elevations, sections and other
details) of the building or work in question are required.
2. Specifications: Detailed specifications, giving the nature, quality and class of work, materials to
be used, quantity of the material, their proportions, and method of preparation are required.
3. Rates: The rates of various of work, materials to be used in the construction, wages of different
categories of labor (skilled or unskilled) and cost of transportation charges should be available for
preparing an estimate of work cost.
4. Actual Finished Work: Quantities can be calculated from the actual work done in the project
site.
Quantity = Length
Quantity = Weight
head wise, but for beginners it is convenient to make up the items in the
same order, as far as possible, as they would be executed or constructed.
FPS [Foot (ft), Pound (lb), Second (s)] System works on fractions which make it
difficult.
Actual Cost:
Account of all expenditure is maintained day-to-day during execution of work in the account section and
at the end of the completion of work. And when the account is complete, actual cost is known.
The actual cost is known at completion of work. (Project Closure)
Remember: The actual cost should not differ much from the estimated cost worked out at the beginning.
1. Details of Measurements and Calculation of Quantities: The whole work is divided into
different items of work as earthwork, concrete, brickwork, etc. and the items are classified and grouped
under different sub-heads, and the details of measurement of each item of work are taken out and
quantities under each item are computed in prescribed form-Detail of measurement Form (shown below).
Calculated in m3 (L*B*D).
Filling of trench after laying foundations are not taken into considerations mostly.
If trench filling is accounted, this may be calculated by deducting the masonry / foundation from excavation.
Earthwork in plinth filling is calculated by taking the internal dimensions in between plinth-wall (L*B*D).
Thickness of concrete in floor usually 7.5cm (3’’) must be deducted from plinth filling calculations.
If sand filling is done in plinth, then separate calculations should be taken. [Extra earth separate calculations]
(L*B*H) = m3
Thickness of foundations concrete varies from (20 cm to 45 cm), usually 30 cm or (9” to 18”) usually 12”.
When the soil is soft or bad, one layer of dry brick or stone soling is applied below the
foundation concrete.
or
2cm (0.75”) thick rich cement mortar (1:2) mixed with standard waterproofing material is
Foundation & plinth masonry is taken under one item & masonry in superstructure is
taken under separate item.
In storied building, the masonry in each storey as ground floor, first floor, etc are computed
separately.
In taking out quantities the walls are measured as solid & then deductions are made for
openings as doors, windows, etc.
Masonry of different classes, masonry with different mortar, etc are taken out under separate
item.
Honey combed brick wall is taken under separate item in m2. No deductions are made for
holes.
Computed in m3
Bearings are added with the clear span to get the dimensions.
Quantities are computed in m3 exclusive of steel reinforcement and its bending but inclusive of
centering and shuttering & fixing and binding of reinforcement.
The rebars including bending is taken up separately under steel works in quintals. [1 quintal =
100 kg]
Centering and shuttering (formwork) are usually included in the R.C.C work, but may be taken
separately in m2 of surface in contact with concrete.
A) Ground Floor:
The base lime concrete & floor finishing of cement concrete or stone or marble or mosaic, etc
The ‘L’ and ‘B’ are measured as inside dimensions from wall to wall of superstructure.
Both base concrete and floor finish are paid under one item.
If a cushioning layer of lime or weak concrete is given in b/w slab and floor, the cushioning
concrete may be measured with the floor under one item or taken separately.
C) Roof:
Supporting structures is taken separately in m3.
The bearing of the roof or floor slab is given as the same thickness as the slab usually 10 cm
or 15 cm (4” to 6”).
In case of Tiled, Galvanized Iron Sheet (G.I Sheets) or Asbestos Cement Sheet roofing are taken
out in m2 & measured flat including overlaps with all fittings & supporting trusses & members
are taken out under separate item.
For walls, the measurements are taken for the whole face of the wall for both sides as solid &
Thin rich cement mortar plastering in R.C.C work may also be taken under a separate item,
(rft) for the complete work including masonry, plastering, moulding, etc & paid in r/ft or r/m.
the height.
Length is obtained by adding the length of all the members of the chowkhat, top and two
And add the bottom if sill is present. And this length is multiplied by the two
If there is no sill member, vertical members should be inserted into the floor by about 2.5 cm to
4 cm (1” to 1.5”).
A clearance of 6 mm (0.75”) may be allowed at the bottom of door if there is no sill member.
But for measurement of payment, the clearance should be taken into account.
The name of timber used, the thickness of the shutters, type of shutters & the nature of fittings
Hold fasts are taken separate, under separate item by weight or by number.
The weight per running meter can be obtained from the steel section book.
For steel joint, the length is equal to the clear span + 2 bearings.
The weight of bolts, nuts & rivets with heads can be calculated by counting there
For steel roof truss, 5% of the steel work is usually provided for rivets, bolts & nuts.
No. of coats of white washing or coloring are taken as one job or work and the rates cover for the
No separate measurement is taken for the chowkhat, as area is same as the area of wall openings.
For iron bars, grills, etc. the area of the clear opening inside the chowkhat is taken.
For beams, rafters, purlins, posts, etc. the timber or iron, the area of actual exposed surface is
cannot be taken out easily or it takes sufficient time to find the details.
For example: As front architectural or decoration work of a building, fire place, site cleaning &
dressing, etc.
Rates of different items in the estimate are the current rates for the completion of the items of
work which include supply of material, transport, labor, scaffolding, overheads, contractors’
profit, taxes, etc.
The rates are usually taken from “Schedule of Rates or Market Rates”.
Higher the rates, the greater should be the accuracy with which the quantities are calculated.
Where rates are high & paid per unit, dimensions should be absolutely correct, though
taking dimensions to the nearest 1cm to 0.5cm (1/2” to ¼”) may be allowed for practical
purposes.
In case of wall, where masonry is paid in m3, a few cm added to or subtracted from the length or
But if the width or thickness of the wall where every half cm or quarter affects the results
considerably.
Mass, voluminous & thick works shall be taken in cubic units or volume.
Shallow, thin & surface works shall be taken in square units or in areas.
Wall ½ 1 1½ 2 2½ 3
Brick
Wall ½ 1 1½ 2 2½ 3
Brick