In the previous lesson we described the 1830 PSS from a functional point of view.

Let’s
now see how those functions are implemented in the system.
[1] Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
[2] Name the functional parts of the 1830 PSS, and:
[3] Describe the architecture of those parts
parts.

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[1] A node can be composed of the Photonic Compound and [2] the Switching Compound.
[3] Let’s take a closer look at the functional parts of the Switching Compound. [4]

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Remember that the switching compound may consist of several shelves: [1] One master
shelf and [2, 3] one or more extender shelves. We will concentrate on the architecture of
a single shelf:[4]

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[1] Different types of I/O cards can be distinguished.
[2] The Client Interface cards provide access for SDH/SONET, OTH, and Ethernet signals.
[3] Filter cards can be seen as a special type of Client Interface cards. They perform
CWDM multiplexing and have no connectivity to the matrix.
[4] The uplink
uplink, or switchponder,
switchponder cards enable seamless interconnections to the photonic
compound. The photonic components of the uplink cards are managed by the photonic
master shelf.
[5] The agnostic matrix performs switching of OTH signals on the ODUk level, and
SDH/SONET [SDH or SONET] switching on the VC/STS [V-C or S-T-S] level.
[6] In addition to the architectures involved in signal transmission, we have the [7] Control
architecture with [8] GCC management; [9] the Power Distribution architecture; and [10]
the architecture to perform equipment protection.
[11] Click on the appropriate button for more information.

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[1] The Control System architecture is subdivided into three levels.
[2] The architecture at the first level of control consists of two redundant First Level
Controller (FLC) or Equipment Controller (EC) cards. Each FLC contains a micro-controller,
a solid state disc used as a non-volatile storage device, and other devices used to support
the FLC functionality.
[3] The architecture at the second level of control consists of two redundant Second Level
Controllers (SLC). These are integrated at both agnostic matrix cards.
[4, 5] The third level of control is implemented in the uplink or switchponder cards and
performs local data control functions for those cards.

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[1]The control system interfaces can be divided into external and internal interfaces.
[2] The internal interfaces are used to connect the different parts of the control
architecture. They are implemented using LAN connections, several bus systems and serial
interfaces.
Theyy p
provide connectivityy for Embedded Control Channels (ECC),
( ), peripheral
p p and inventoryy
access, active/standby control and system clock distribution.
The external control interfaces are used for management and service functions. The basic
interfaces are [3] data communication LAN interfaces; these provide connectivity towards
management system. There are also [4] interfaces for the zero installation craft terminal
connection.
[5] The picture is completed by interfaces used to manage housekeeping and remote
alarming and rack lamps. [6]

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The 1830 PSS provides various ways to communicate with management systems, neighbor
network elements, and operation devices.
Communication can be established by LAN connections or through specific overhead bytes
in transmission signals, the [1] Embedded Communication Channels (ECC). This way, an
1830 PSS can be part of a data communications network.
[2] The Embedded Communication Channels are terminated on the I/O cards.
[3] The ECC bytes are transported between I/O cards and the central ECC routing
component on the FLC through dedicated bidirectional backplane links.
Depending on the service (SDH, SONET, Ethernet or OTH), different types of Embedded
Communication Channels must be considered.
[4] In OTH networks, communication data is transported in the General Communication
Channel (GCC).
In the current release, GCC0 and GCC1 channels are supported, depending on the signal
level.
A 1+N protection scheme is supported. This protection scheme enables the operator to
configure a single protected instance of logical channel to be routed.
SDH, SONET and Ethernet Embedded Communication Channel access is not supported.
[5, 6] For more information about the number of available GCC channels, click the GCC
box.

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[1] Let’s take a closer look at the cross-connection function.
The switching of signals is performed by the agnostic matrix.
[2] It is divided into separate logical matrices per traffic type. Each logical fabric can be
used like an independent non-blocking switch.
[3] In the current release,
release packet switching functionality is not supported
supported.
[4] For ODUk switching, the incoming OTUk traffic is terminated and the corresponding
high order ODUk or low order ODUj is transmitted to the matrix.
[5] SDH/SONET and packet traffic is transparently mapped into the appropriate ODUk.
[6]Incoming OTUk traffic which contains client signals can be terminated, and the clients
are transmitted to the corresponding output ports.
[7] For SDH/SONET [SDH or SONET] switching, the incoming traffic is terminated, and the
corresponding VC or STS signal is transmitted to the matrix.
matrix
Any payload-specific processing functions are implemented by the I/O cards.
[8] The logical ODU matrix fully supports high-order ODUK and low-order ODUj switching.
[9] The SDH/SONET matrix supports the shown signals.
[10] The matrix capacity depends on the shelf type of the 1830 PSS.
[11, 12]For information on the available multiplexing, click on the corresponding matrix
button.

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Do you remember the picture of the interfaces of the control architecture? [1] Let’s
concentrate on the parts that are important for the equipment protection function.
The 1830 PSS offers high reliability due to equipment protection for the important common
parts, including controllers, matrices and power supply.
[ ] For power
[2] p distribution,, two units work in load-sharing;
g; therefore no protection
p
switching is necessary. A failure occurring in one power distribution unit will be
compensated completely by the second unit.
[3] The two FLC cards represent a 1+1 protection group. They work in active-standby
mode. The protection switching is self-controlled by the equipment, and uses hardware
intercommunication to decide which of the involved 1+1 protected equipment entities
becomes active or standby. The equipment protection switch can also be initiated by
operator command.
The sswitching
itching time for
fo protection
p otection of the FLC is less than ten seconds
seconds. This applies to both
automatic and command-driven switches; running traffic is not impacted at all.
[4,5] The matrix cards include the protection of the contained Second Level Controllers.
The matrix cards represent a 1+1 protection group. They work in active-standby mode.
The protection switching is self-controlled by the equipment and uses hardware
intercommunication to decide which of the involved 1+1 protected equipment entities
becomes active or standby. The equipment protection switch can also be initiated by
operator command.
The switching time for matrix protection should be less than 50 milliseconds. In case of
operator commands, the traffic is not impacted at all.

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[1] We identified the different types of I/O interfaces in the functional overview.
Let’s take a closer look at the architecture of those interfaces. [2] [3]

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[1] Overhead monitoring is performed and the signal is mapped/de-mapped into the
appropriate ODUK which is transmitted to the matrix on the TDM interfaces.
[2] Physical Coding Sub-layer (PCS) handling and mapping into ODUK is performed on the
Ethernet signals. GFP or CBR mapping is used, depending on the selected port mode.
[ ] Incoming
[3] g OTUK signals
g are monitored and the Alcatel-Lucent Enhanced Forward Error
Correction is applied.
[4] For high-order OTUK signals, low-order multiplexing is also performed.
[5] For TDM switching, the overhead of the SDH/SONET signal is terminated and VC/STS
switching is performed.

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[1, 2, 3] Uplink interfaces are used as interfaces to the photonic shelves. They provide
colored tunable interfaces with wavelength tracker, Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA),
Polarization Maintaining Binary Phase Shift Keying (PM-BPSK), and Polarization Maintaining
Quad Phase Shift Keying (PM-QPSK) functionality.

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[1, 2, 3] Up to eight optical channels can be multiplexed into a CWDM signal or vice versa.
The complete function is performed on the I/O interface card; there is no connection to
the matrix.

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Let’s start from the top of the rack to explain the power distribution for the 1830 PSS-64.
[1] Due to thermal and power architecture issues, there is a High Power Connection, Fuse
and Alarm Panel for terminating central office and system power wires.
[2] It accepts two times three independent inputs from the central office battery.
[3] For redundancy
redundancy, three lines are connected to the Power Supply and Filter unit (PSF) A;
[4] the other three lines are connected to PSF B.
[5] The two Power Supply Filter units A and B connect the power to the various boards in
the shelf redundantly. The DC to DC converters inside the equipment produce frequencies
of their own. The PSF cards provide filters that reduce this noise.
For security and maintenance reasons, the PSF units provide fuses against short circuits
and monitor the power to identify faults at board level.
In the 1830 PSS
PSS-64
64 shelf, there are three power areas that follow each power branch from
the central office battery distribution through the High Power Connection, Fuse and Alarm
Panel.
[6] Power branch 1 gets its feed from A1 and B1. It supplies the port cards in the seven
slots at the left side and the upper fan tray.
[7] Power branch 2 gets its feed from A2 and B2. It supplies the common area and one
adjacent slot of I/O cards at the left and the right side.
[8] Power branch 3 g gets its feed from A3 and B3. It supplies
pp the port
p cards in the seven
slots at the right side and the lower fan tray.
The power consumption of the 1830 PSS-64 depends on its configuration and how it is
equipped. [9] In all cases it is less than 10.6 kW. [10]
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[1] The Power Distribution Unit is mounted at the top of the 1830 PSS-36 rack. It provides
power connections with circuit breakers and serves multiple PSS-36 shelves.
[2] Redundant power feeds are connected to the two Power Filter Cards (PFCs) from the
Power Distribution Unit.
[ ] Each 1830 PSS-36 shelf has independent
[3] p power
p connections and is powered
p
independently from the other shelves in the rack.
Each PFC has three input lines that all need to be connected; they provide a maximum
total power of 6 kW.
[4] The two Power Filter cards connect the power to the various boards in the shelf
redundantly.
The shelf is designed for redundant power, but it will fully operate with only one Power
Filter card; however, two PFCs are always recommended.
The power consumption of the 1830 PSS-36 depends on its configuration and how it is
equipped. [5] In all cases it is less than 5.4 kW. [6]

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[1] Different types of I/O cards can be distinguished.
[2] The Client Interface cards provide access for SDH/SONET, OTH, and Ethernet signals.
[3] Filter cards can be seen as a special type of Client Interface cards. They perform
CWDM multiplexing and have no connectivity to the matrix.
[4] The uplink
uplink, or switchponder,
switchponder cards enable seamless interconnections to the photonic
compound. The photonic components of the uplink cards are managed by the photonic
master shelf.
[5] The agnostic matrix performs switching of OTH signals on the ODUk level, and
SDH/SONET [SDH or SONET] switching on the VC/STS [V-C or S-T-S] level.
[6] In addition to the architectures involved in signal transmission, we have the [7] Control
architecture with [8] GCC management; [9] the Power Distribution architecture; and [10]
the architecture to perform equipment protection.
[11] Click on the appropriate button for more information.

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The 1830 PSS provides various ways to communicate with management systems, neighbor
network elements, and operation devices.
Communication can be established by LAN connections or through specific overhead bytes
in transmission signals, the [1] Embedded Communication Channels (ECC). This way, an
1830 PSS can be part of a data communications network.
[2] The Embedded Communication Channels are terminated on the I/O cards.
[3] The ECC bytes are transported between I/O cards and the central ECC routing
component on the FLC through dedicated bidirectional backplane links.
Depending on the service (SDH, SONET, Ethernet or OTH), different types of Embedded
Communication Channels must be considered.
In OTH networks, communication data is transported in the General Communication
Channel (GCC). In the current release, GCC1 channels in high-order ODUs are supported.
A 1+N protection scheme is supported. This protection scheme enables the operator to
configure a single protected instance of logical channel to be routed.
SDH, SONET and Ethernet Embedded Communication Channel access is not supported.
[4] For more information about the number of available GCC channels, click the GCC box.

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[1] Let’s take a closer look at the cross-connection function.
The switching of signals is performed by the agnostic matrix.
[2] It is divided into separate logical matrices per traffic type. Each logical fabric can be
used like an independent non-blocking switch.
[3] In the current release no packet switching functionality is supported.
supported
[4] SDH/SONET and packet traffic is transparently mapped into ODU. Any payload-specific
processing functions are implemented by the I/O cards.
[5] The logical ODU matrix fully supports high-order ODUK and low-order ODUK
connectivity.
[6] The matrix capacity depends on the shelf type of the 1830 PSS.
For information on the available multiplexing, click on the corresponding matrix button.

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