SCHOOL AS AN ORGANIZATION

School organization, School

Management and School
Administration
School as on organization
The term school, it is argued, originated from the Greek word ‘Skhole’, meaning
leisure. The concept of leisure was associated with ‘school’ mainly because in
ancient Greece, general education was not available to all members of the society.
It was the privilege of the ‘rich’ and ‘highest class’ of the society.

Organisation is directly concerned with planning and efforts made by the people.
It is a medium through which goals and objectives envisaged by the
administration are realised.

Organisation stands for a structure, framework, system or an organised body. It

is concerned with the process of rules and regulations, form, calendars,
schedules, material equipment, human equipment, workshops, laboratories,
infrastructure facilities etc.
According to Ryburn, school is a cooperative society.

Ottaway treats school as a “social invention to serve society for the specialised
teaching of young.”

Nunn comes with a comprehensive definition to say that, “The school must be
thought of primarily not a place of learning where certain knowledge is learnt but
a place where young are disciplined in a certain form of activities namely, those
that are of the greatest and most permanent significance in the world.”

For Dewey, “the school is a special environment where a certain quality of life
and certain types of activities and occupations are provided with the object of
securing child’s development along desirable lines.

According to Elsebree says that “Organization of a school is the administrative

expression of educational theory”.
SCHOOL ORGANIZATION
‘School organization means looking after the internal and external affairs of the
school, the proper use of the recources available and taking proper cared of the
resources so that teaching and learning can take place in a better way.’

Schools organisation mean the act of organising all available physical and human
resources in an organised manner to attain the objectives of education.
The following aspects are covered by this:

1. The qualifications of the headmaster and the assistant masters of the school,
their duties and their timetable.

2. The drawing up of the syllabus from the point of view of the social good.

3. Periods of work, chalking out and implementation of plans.

4. Management of co-curricular activities, discipline and control, the school

building, furniture in the classrooms, libraries etc.

5. The scheme of admission, progress and examination.

6. The examining of work pertaining to the income and expenditure of the school.

7. The mutual relationship between the society and school.

 MANAGEMENT

The term ‘management’ is very Management means the act of

comprehensive. It is certainly getting people together to
broader than organization and accomplish desired goals.
administration.

Management comprises planning, The use of means and resources

organizing, resourcing, leading or for realizing the specific
directing and controlling an objectives is known as
organization (a group of one or more management.
people or entities) or effort for the
purposes of accomplishing a goal.
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
● In simple words managing the affairs of a school.
● School management means running the school along the desired
educational policies. It takes into account all aspects of the school
(policies, material and human resources, programmes, activities,
equipments etc.) and integrates them into a fruitful whole.
● Good school management motives the best efforts of the teachers and students.
● According to Indian Education Commission 1964-1966 says “the destiny
of India is how being shaped in the classroom”.
● Schools are to be the first class nurseries for the education of children in
democratic citizenship which India needs to make its democracy permanently
viable.
PRINCIPLES OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
● India happens to be the largest democracy in the world. To make democracy
successful, we have to revitalize and recharge our schools to the full.
● Schools will be able to add tempo to the struggling democracy if the following
principles are taken into consideration while administering them.
1. Democratic Philosophy of Education
2. Freedom
3. Student-Centered
4. Flexible, Adoptable and Stable
PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT/FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
1. Planning: When you think of planning in a management role, think about it as
the process of choosing appropriate goals and actions to pursue and then
determining what strategies to use, what actions to take, and deciding what
resources are needed to achieve the goals.
2. Organizing: This process of establishing worker relationships allows workers
to work together to achieve their organizational goals.
3. Leading: This function involves articulating a vision, energizing employees,
inspiring and motivating people using vision, influence, persuasion, and
effective communication skills.
4. Staffing: Recruiting and selecting employees for positions within the company
(within teams and departments).
5. Controlling: Evaluate how well you are achieving your goals, improving
performance, taking actions. Put processes in place to help you establish
standards, so you can measure, compare, and make decisions.
SCHOOL ADMININSTRATION
● The word ‘administration’ is derived from the Latin word ‘minister’ /
‘ministic’ which means service rendered to others for their welfare.
● School administration is not merely set of rules, regulations of orders to be
followed by all concerned. It is humane, flexible, constructive, result oriented
and goal oriented. It is not one-man show.
● School administration formulates educational plan, plans and executes
various programmes and activities, evaluate results, improves performance
in the light of clear cut educational objectives.
● Jaswant Singh says, “School administration is the hub/ heart of
educational process. All the plans, policies are bound to fail unless and
until there is sound administration in the school”.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCHOOL ORGANIZATION & ADMINISTRATION
SCHOOL ORGANIZATION
● It is the pre- execution stage
● It provides resources
● It defines and determines the function
of the school programmes and
activities
● It provides a set-up for doing work.
● It stands for an organised body or
system or structure or frame.
● It is concerned with provision of
material, human facilities, institutional
plan and other facilities and services
required for running a school.
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION
● It is the execution stage.
● It is the management of these resources.
● It is basically concerned with the efficient
execution of these programmes and activities.
● It deals with the functioning and operation of
set-up.
● It stands for running, handling, conducting or
controlling of an organization. It means getting
things done.
● It is the process of integrating the efforts of
human resources and of utilising appropriate
materials and services to draw maximum
educational benefits from the available
resources