Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division Office - City of Malolos
District 1
BARASOAIN MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Mojon, City of Malolos, Bulacan
School ID. 501231
Tel. No. (044)791-6318

LEARNING GUIDE IN SCIENCE 9

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES (MELCs)

Explain how ions are formed. (Week 5)

CHEMICAL BONDING
ELECTRON SHARING
Covalent bonds are present in many school and household items, such as paper, sugar, plastic, muriatic acid,
and oxygen.
A covalent bond results when two positive nuclei attract the same electrons, thus holding the two nuclei close
together. When two or more atoms share electrons through covalent bonds, a single, electrically neutral unit called a
molecule is formed.
Covalent compounds are composed of molecules which are actually composed of atoms held together by
covalent bonds. Nonmetallic elements normally form covalent bonds because of their high ionization energies and
therefore, strong attraction for their valence electrons.
Some nonmetals exist in nature not as individual atoms, but as two atoms of the element covalently bonded
together. The resulting molecules are called diatomic molecules. Elements that exist as diatomic molecules are
hydrogen (H2 ), oxygen (O2 ), nitrogen (N2 ), chlorine (Cl2 ), bromine (Br2 ), iodine (I2 ), and fluorine (F2).

Example 1: Chlorine

Example 2: Oxygen

Example 3: Hydrogen and Oxygen

PREPARED BY: ANGELA LA GUARDIA LOLONG 013021