CHAPTER 13 RADIATION EXCHANGE BETWEEN SURFACES Onur Taylan MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ed . MECH 311 - Heat Transfer. May 23, 2020Introduction eWe will focus on enclosures with nonparticipating media. o Enclosures consist of two or more surfaces that envelop a region of space (typically gas- filled) and between which there is radiation transfer. o Virtual, as well as real, surfaces may be introduced to form an enclosure. oAnonparticipating medium within the enclosure neither emits, absorbs, nor scatters radiation and hence has no effect on radiation exchange between the surfaces. c=0 Each surface of the enclosure is assumed to be isothermal, opaque, diffuse and gray, and to be characterized by uniform radiosity and irradiation. Uniform radiosity and irradiation Shs13.1 The View Factor The view factor is also called configuration or shape factor. The view factor, Fj, is a geometrical quantity corresponding to the fraction of the radiation leaving surface i that is intercepted by surface j. =f "Ad, The view factor integral provides a general “ expression for F;;. Consider exchange between differential areas dA; and dAj. 36,0050, dy, ,, = 1,0088dAdo, ,=J, ed, ¥ redid, otic aay ator yoore Meru13.1 The View Factor The view factor relations: o Reciprocity relation Fal es Toma] " c0s6,c0s 0, cos 0, ' ay lala ae AM, ay o Summation rule Fy=1 3 + Sater eck 313 -May 23,2020 O01 NerU13.1 The View Factor Table 13.1 for view factors for 2D geometries ‘Tanus 13.1 _View Factors for Two Dimensional Geometries [4 ‘Tame 13.1 Continued eomery co Goomery Reston ‘Coane by Perper Pepeniclar Mats witha Comman Hse poe Lt Onbes= ths com!® Qua yi! Es Mes Wd! Bis FB normals) Darter ; yoore ) METU13.1 The View Factor Table 13.2 for view factors for 3D geometries ten YowLyem ne defele Dey +07 Soe 90) Neg Pot} Aono ne ep tec Sait ‘tik Common Edge hs t—aony arian O01 Nero apa Fem (wanna ehh 2s aaa (eel)13.1 The View Factor Figures 13.4, 13.5 and 13.6 for view factors for 3D geometries youre Meru ‘eon 311-May23, 202013.2 Blackbody Radiation Exchange oO bh For a blackbody, J, =. = Spt ie «Net radiative exchange between two surfaces that can be approximated as blackbodies > net rate at which radiation leaves surface i due to its interaction with j or >netrate at which mus gains radiation oak, its interaction with i ue do reciproa yA Ay a OTM Fi GME) Paps ott a 95-405 ~4 = #Net radiation transfer from surface i due to exchange with all (N) surfaces of an enclosure: ‘ : @=24Fe(t-7)) oro Meru13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure e Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces: «= a Alternative expressions for net radiative transfer from surface i: Tid © 4=4U,-G)> Fao) 0) _ a thiGi= TAI > 4-4 G-@) SFr HA = Gj + 4-0) Gi —r= = Boy Hill E)Gi moe aG= ne lle G — &] re al i; wk 5a) og : youre NETO13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Di ise, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure e Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces: «; = a; =1~p; Alternative expressions for net radiative transfer from surface i: TA ts o © G=A(,-G)> Fig.) a , 9 =4(E,-4G,)> Fig.) 2) Fae, * iy my ga HN 84 / facn u u t o © « core aa Meru13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure e Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces: «= Alternative expressions for net radiative transfer from surface i: © 4=4(4,-G) Fig. ©) wo a=A(E, “2a Fig Q) Ey- qa Fig, (d) 8) 4 Suggests a surface radiative resistance of the form:(1—;)/5,4, ‘oro Nero o © @13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure 7 yA ° a= ZAR (4-4) ga, ew B 4 (45) vi} Koh S suggests a space or geometrical resistance of the form: (4F,,) Equating Eqns. (3) and (4) corresponds to |! | fe a radiation balance on surface i: af yd, 4a > Wapied ® a; y i } pene : which may be represented by Me Ets aradiation network of the form ie srcaponding ‘ot stare! arian youre NETO13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure «Methodology o Apply Eq. (4) to each surface for which the net radiation heat ratefi,)s known, Apply Eq. (5) to each of the remaining surfaces for which the ire hence Byisknown, 9 ws ety Hie re o Evaluate all of the view factors F;, appearing in the resulting equations. o Solve the system of N equations for the unknown rote Js) ao ‘oro Meru13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure * Methodology (cont'd) oUse Eq. (3) to determine gq; for each surface of known T;, % and to determine 7; for each surface of known qi. - 2 Cae OF es aol . Fuh Bui ? 4 n= (= e)/eiAi = e)/eiAi \ oTreatment of the virtual surface corresponding to an opening (aperture) of area Aj, ‘through which the interior surfaces of an enclosure exchange radiation with large surroundings at Tyuyr? ‘+ Approximate the opening as blackbody of area, 4, temperature 7; = Teurrs and properties, ¢; = a; = 1 Tet, Tartar yoore Meru13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaci Two surface enclosures Ate @ Ie 1 Fy Sh, Ae ae 2 ot = fw he = Tere; w 47-4" 4: TTT youre NETO13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure Two surface enclosures ‘Large Inte) Parallel Planes spi 13.3 sredialeases es Pere Z 1 —_ —,,. fant 5 “gt < P on nti rc ake ne @ wht on ee 5 1, tale \ oO 0 Font am § neem 4A ane htt = 2 C21 @) a i thet Small Cones Objet ina Larne Cavity i pg bao ta= oaacrt = 7 4 740 any . ‘oro Meru13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure Radiation shields o Radiation shields are constructed from high reflectivity (low a = e) surfaces inserted between two surfaces for which a reduction in radiation exchange is desired. o Consider use of a single shield in a two-surface enclosure, such as that associated with large parallel plates: pada shield En Jaa A Bn bale n Lee 1 Leg, 1-eg2 1 be eAy AVFig Aa __& 2A AsFso &2A2 ~ —_ — ~ W 1 eS a | as) ae || FFs ale, ocan be multiple shields, applied to long, concentric Wes cylinders and concentric spheres, etc AyT ye, Aa Tove Tee gy a Tavs ao ”13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure p=C eReradiating surfaces oAn idealization for which Gp = Ja oTherefore, qg = 0.and Ja = Esa TJ=G oApproximated by surfaces that are well insulated on one side and for which convection is negligible on the opposite (radiating) side. o Three-surface enclosure with a reradiating surface: aa a, ee o(t'-1 ) 6A AR, LOVAR,) H(A sore Tartavar a MECH 318 May23, 2020 ES ,13.3 Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure eReradiating surfaces o Temperature of reradiating surface Tz may be determined from knowledge of its radiosity Jp. With qp = 0,a radiation balance on the surface yields, area youre NETO13.4 Multimode Heat Transfer ein an enclosure with conduction and convection heat transfer to or from one or more surfaces, the foregoing treatments of radiation exchange may be combined with surface energy balances to determine thermal conditions. eConsider a general surface condition for which there is external heat addition (e.g., electrically), as well as conduction, convection and radiation. Gass = Gsnt * cca * Goma Giana > Appropriate analysis for N-surface, two-surface, ete., enclosure. Taare yoore Nero13.5 Implications of Simplifying Assumptions We have assumed olsothermal surfaces o Opaque surfaces oGray surfaces o Diffusely emitting and reflecting surfaces o Surfaces that all experience uniform irradiation o Surfaces that all produce uniform radiosity o Enclosures with gases that do not emit, absorb, or scatter Seldom are all the assumptions rigorously satisfied. The analysis technique may, however, be used to obtain first estimates. «The implications of not satisfying all the assumptions rigorously are often less severe in problems involving multimode effects. ‘oro Neroibs) 2. ME THANK You! Onur Taylan ontaylan@metu.edu.tr Oo MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY MECH 311 - Heat Transfer May 23, 2020