 Deterioration of vision, tunnel vision, dx= retinitis pigmentosa, best rx  vit a palmitate

 Unable to move laterally  abducens

 COPD & DM, open angle glaucoma  systemic acetazolamide “bb c/I in copd”
 DM2 screening  annual
 Maxillary sinus tumor pressing on eye in orbit, proptosis is which direction  superior*
“lacrimal= inferomedial, frontal/ethmoidal= inferolateral”
 Problem in myelination, some eye sx  optic neuritis
 Eye movement abnormality, has to tilt his neck to see, nerve involved  4th “rotational”
 67y, diabetic, increase eye pain, watery discharge, vascularization of iris blocking flow of
humor  proliferative diabetic retinopathy
 Model wears lenses, has eye pain for 8y not getting better, stromal thinning and corneal
perforation  cause is parasite
 Diabetic, cupping disk on fundoscopy  ch open angle glaucoma
 Contact lens wearer, eye pain and photophobia, ring lesion  acanthamoeba
 Contact lens wearer, eye pain and photophobia, corneal abrasion, cause of corneal ulcer
 contact lens removal
 Window crash into face, exam show no foreign bodies, what anomalies he most likely
would have  corneal epithelial defects
 Defect corneal epithelium, sx  photophobia
 Steroid eye drops for long time, comp  glaucoma and cataract
 53y, got eye ointment for baby but he can’t read, tell him  administer in one layer in
lower fornix
 Farmer drooling and lacrimation, cholinergic poisoning suspected, antidote for OP
compound is  atropine????? or pralidoxime
 Eye pain with discharge, prescribed trabeculectomy, dx  closed angle glaucoma****
“open??????”
 Painful swelling= dacrocystitis, rx  drain surgically
 Painful vision loss for 3d, cannot rotate eyes due to pain, dx= optic neuritis, MRI= MS,
condition ass  neuromyelitis optica
 Woman from village presented with skin lesion= follicular keratosis  bitot’s spot would
confirm “vit a def= keratosis pilaris”
 Raised ICP, test 1st done  fundoscopy
 Cavernous sinus thrombosis, diplopia and blurred vision, nerve affected  abducens
 c/I in acute close angle glaucoma, would worsen sx  epinephrine
 breast enlargement, decreased sex desire, hyperprolactinemia  bitemporal
hemianopsia
 sudden pain and watering eye, signs of glaucoma  acetazolamide
 pain when moving eye, fundoscopy= optic disc swelling  optic neuritis
 6y, esotropia pf non-accommodative type  eye muscle surgery
 Band like mass from white part involving iris= pterygium, comp  corneal scarring
 HTN & DM, past rx for TB, blurred vision, exam= flame shaped retina, cotton wool spots,
macular edema, cause  DM
 Diabetic for 25y, exam= high cup to disc ration  neovascularization of iris
 Infection of upper eyelid, chalazion, condition ass  blepharitis
 Eye pain on movement, exam= conj chemosis and decreased vision  orbital cellulitis
 Function of superior rectus  up and in
 ٤٣y, red eye, decreased vision, ciliary flush, not fully reactive pupil & floaters in ant
chamber  uveitis
 Watery discharge, congested eye and preauricular lymph node enlargement  viral
conj
 Color vision loss due to dysfunction of cones, cause of color vision  optic atrophy
 Orbital cellulitis, sx  pain with movement
 Red eye, hx of pharyngitis and fever  adenovirus conj
 Post op comp of laser for refraction, how to prevent dryness  blocking punctua
 Clinical condition may arise from eye lashes causing frictional rub of cornea, which
describes distichiasis  abnormal growth of lashes from orifices of Meibomian glans on
post lamella of tarsal plate
 Diabetic for 20y, exam= microaneurysm, edema, dilation of vein  NPDR
 Pain and photophobia after trauma from metal object  corneal abrasion
 34y f, pain upon move and blurring vision  MS
 Layer of cornea removes excessive water  endothelium
 Trauma, corneal ulcer, photophobia and pain, rx  local abs, cycloplegics and referral
 Bacteria common in contact lenses wearer  pseudomonas
 55 got new glasses, and couldn’t see after 1w, they were changed, cause  cataract
 Infectious eye condition  (hordeolum, blepharitis, glaucoma, chalazion)
 Most common cause of sudden eye swelling, redness, pain, hazy cornea  acute angle
closure glaucoma
 Rubeosis iridis is a cause of glaucoma, what’s the commonest cause of rubeosis iridis 
DM
 Normal cup to disk ratio  0.3 “0.2-0.4”
 Redness and discomfort, sit on computer for long time, visual acuity 6/6  corneal
dryness
 Dilated right pupil, constricted left when light on right, nerve affected  rt oculomotor
 HTN, increased cupping, cause of cupping  chronic glaucoma
 Chronic eye irritation and water secretion, entropion  trachoma
 Trauma with nails, stems for repairing come from  corneal limbus
 Galactosemia  pathological
 Gonorrhea discharge  purulent
 Conjunctivitis needs referral to ophtha  photophobia
 Eye pain & photophobia, slit lamp= circumcorneal congestion, keratic precipitates and
post corneal op  anterior uveitis
 Most common comp after cataract surg  endophthalmitis
 Sudden painless loss of vision for 6h, exam= pale retina and cherry red spot at fovea 
central retinal art occ
 Young, myopia given glasses, came back 1m later, refractive error and astigmatism 
keratoconus
 55 wake up w watery discharge in rt eye, best initial  reassurance
 Conj, bottom lash turned inward  entropion
 Diabetic, rt eye 44 pressure, lt 22, exam= retina show increased disc to rim ratio and
nasal deviation of retinal vessels  glaucoma
 Painful mass in upper eyelid, tender small mass in inner side of up lid, reddish and
swollen  hordeolum
 55 had been operated for eye problem, now has glares esp when driving, for what was
he operated on  cataract
 Sx with corneal abrasion  watery eyes and photophobia
 Corneal op, mild dilated pupil and conj erythema, test should be performed 
gonioscopy “glaucoma?”
 HIV, what organism affects eye  CMV
 URTI and conj with hyperemia and watery discharge, slit= multiple tiny granular deposits
surrounded by halo of stromal haze  epithelial nummular keratitis
 94y vesicles in forehead and supraorbital region for 1d  antiviral and ophtha referral
 Long standing strabismus in childhood result in loss of depth perception and amblyopia,
which will they develop  double vision
 Should be avoided to reduce spreading of viral conj  towel sharing
 Painful, red eye, watery discharge, exam= light produce pain  anterior uveitis or
corneal abrasion** ???
 Orbital pseudotumor, best initial  steroids
 Foreign body sensation, after removing it what to give  topical abs
 Baby born w/ congestion, red and watery eye, epiphora, blepharospasm and
photophobia, dx  congenital glaucoma
 Dryness and gritty feeling, eversion of eyelid  ectropion
 Swelling in up lid, obstruction in blinking, firm non-tender to touch  chalazion
 Red eye, ciliary flush, acute painful vision loss in rt, headache, cloudy edematous cornea,
in lt= sup temporal rim cupping of disc, high IOP in rt normal in lt  bilateral glaucoma!!
 Water discharge, additional fold of skin in low eyelid with hairs and irritation 
epiblepharon
 50y unilateral eye discoloration, exam= blackish mass in white part  melanoma
 Trauma, best way to examine eye at microscopic level  fluorescein eye test
 Pain & photophobia, dendritic lesion with fluorescein, best drug  antiviral “HSV
keratitis”
 Recent hx of URTI, redness of eye and watery discharge  u’ll find follicles
 Everything normal, increase sensitive to light  wear sunglasses
 Rx for myopia  glasses
 Eyelash inward  entropion
 Corneal ulcer is diagnosed by  slit lamp w/ fluorescein
 Med that may induce acute angle closure  sympathomimetics
 Far place, xerophthalmia  vit a def
 Crossed eyes, lt eye deviated inward, rt eye normal  strabismus
 Blunt injury w tennis ball, bleeding in ant chamber, what should be excluded first 
presence of foreign body
 20hx of dm, sudden uni painless eye blindness, floaters  diabetic retinopathy
 Polymyalgia rheumatica is ass with  giant cell arteritis
 Young child, nodular white/cream colored mass, increased vascularization  tumor of
retina “retinoblastoma”
 Ocular pain and itching on TB med  ethambutol
 20m opaque lens and signs of inflammation  retinoblastoma
 Discharge from both eyes in neonate, gram -ve diplococci  cef 25-50 mg/kg IV/IM,
single dose max 125 mg
 Uni red eye with discharge, decreased vision  bacterial conj
 Red eye after nail injury, sx  blurred vision
 4y, fever, uni proptosis, eye movement affected  orbital cellulitis
 One day of rt eye pain, photophobia, decreased vision, dendritic ulcer  HSV
 Sickle cell, sudden painless vision loss, cherry red spot  retinal art occlusion
 What dye is used to examine cornea in corneal abrasion  fluorescein dye
 10 out of 50 had red eye in 1st week, another 30 had it 2nd week, attack rate  80%
“40/50”
 Hemiplegic came w/ upbeat nystagmus, site of lesion  medulla
 When to resect hemangioma in an infant  2w
 Sudden engorgement of eye, bruit over eye  carotid cavernous fistula
 Esotropia of 25 degree, if not corrected, comp  amblyopia “lazy eye”
 LOV and GA  IVVVV STEROID
 Post op, there’s blockage of lacrimal apparatus, from where the tube is inserted to reach
the lesion  inferior nasal meatus
 20y blocked nose and URTI, followed by swelling of eye and redness  para flu virus*”if
adeno is there choose it”
 Acute eye pain headache, n/v, know of acute glaucoma  iv aceta + pilocarpine in eye
 Cover test to rt eye causes lateral move of lt eye  strabismus
 Glaucoma is raised IOP, there are many type, perform trabeculectomy on which 
COAG “chronic open angle”
 Crossed eyes  squint “strabismus
 Leukocoria in an infant, concerned about  retinoblastoma
 Common cause of corneal abrasion  lens
 Pathophysiology of retinal detachment  subretinal fluid accumulate btw neurosensory
retina and retinal pigment epi
 Gradual decrease in vision over 5y, opaque lens  cataract
 4y drooping eyelid and neck mass, what should be rule out  neuroblastoma
 Red eye, sensitive to light  ant uveitis
 Uni eye swelling, purple, least organism  (staph, b strept, hemo flu, Moraxella
 Painful mass in medial eye, near junction of nose with eye, best initial  oral abs?*
“acute dacrocystitis”
 DM1, screening  5y from dx
 On computer all day, complains of dryness, cause  lack of blinking
 Woke up w eye problem, lower visual field is lost, flashes and other sx  retinal
detachment
 Post op, severe pain, ciliary congestion, hx of operation from periphery 
endophthalmitis
 Foreign body sensation, was managed safely, next  local abs
 Most common presenting sign of retinoblastoma  leukocoria
 Trauma, subconj hemorrhage, weak up gaze  orbital base fracture
 Eye problem and joint issue, STD is suspected  systemic abs
 Best rx of horner’s syndrome in a smoker  treat lung ca
 54y visual disturbance, nausea, vomiting, abd pain  digoxin toxicity*
 What’s caused by ethambutol  retrobulbar neuritis
 Small part of leaf stuck in cornea, what’s used before removing the foreign object 
anesthetic
 Best topical ab in uni bac conj  erythromycin
 Elderly rt eye pain and vomiting  acute angle closure glaucoma
 DM HTN, flashes of light & lost part of visual field  retinal detachment
 Diabetic, recent onset of visual problem, cannot count finger, minimal light perception,
started hrs ago and painless  retinal art occlusion
 Red conj and watery eyes with white ring around cornea  vernal conj
 Which not useful in corneal abrasion  (washing a lot, abs, anti-inflame, pain killers
 Severe eye pain, photophobia, visual difficulties, exam= dense stromal infiltrate w/
ulcers and necrosis  nec stromal keratitis
 Layer of eye rise retinoblastoma  retina
 Retinal dt, fluid accumulate in  photoreceptors and ret pigment epi
 Complication of long term untreated glaucoma “AACG”  vision loss
 Eye pain after using OTC for watery discharge (?). what drug  ephedrine “angle
closure”
 DM, sudden uni vision loss, pupil afferent affected – retinal hemorrhage and macular
edema  retinal vein occlusion
 Painless vision loss for 1d, curtain coming down lesion, best initial rx  cryotherapy
“retinal dt”
 Trabeculectomy  open angle glaucoma
 Examining rt eye, no change of pupil with light, but there was a change in lt, lesion is at
 rt oculo
 DM, vascularization of iris  glaucoma
 Ciliary flush, bi eye red and pain, exam= keratic precipitate and cells in ant chamber, rx
 cyclopentolate with topical steroids
 Trauma, red and watery, nothing found in eye  topical ab
 Entropion, excessive tearing due to  rubbing
 4y crossed eye, strabismus, most suitable  glasses**
 Bi estropia accommodative type, 4y  glasses
 URTI severe lesion of left brow, 1st lymph to examine  preauricular
 Biopsy for sjogren’s syndrome is taken from  lips “labial gland”
 sjogren’s syndrome sx, most specific ab  anti ro
 best rx for retinal dt  laser therapy
 red and irritated eyes, profuse watery discharge, acute for last 4d, fever and pharyngitis
last week  preauricular lymphadenitis
 common ophtha finding with HIV  retinitis
 pain, swelling over inner aspect of rt eye and purulent discharge, tender, edema, red
over medial canthus  dacrycystitis
 sx of rt dt  seeing flashes of light
 29y f, pain on eye movement, swollen disc and decreased visual acuity  optic neuritis
 Blurred vision and pain in rt eye, halos and nausea, pupil is dilated  angle-closure
glaucoma
 True regarding glaucoma  prostaglandin drops is 1st line to reduce IOP
 Condition not ass with anterior uveitis  (IBD, sarcoidosis, reactive arthritis, RA)
 5d infant, uncomp delivery, mild swelling of eyelid and conj injection in both eye with
muco discharge, rx of choice  IM cef
 Most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage  diabetic retinopathy
 81y sudden, painless loss of vision 1h ago, few h ago had brief loss of vision in same eye
lasting for few min, HTNM DM, PAD, MI, pale retina, diminished perfusion and cherry
red spot, rx  anterior chamber paracentesis “same scenario, but next step is  high
flow o2 and ocular massage”
 Anhidrosis, ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos  horner syndrome
 Cataract definitive rx  lens extraction and implant
 Sudden painless loss of vision, fundo= optic disk swelling, retinal hemorrhage, dilated
veins, cotton wool spots  central retinal vein occlusion
 Progressive blurry vision and inability to read newspaper for 6m in 59y, HTN and smoke
 MD
 Glaucoma sx, what drug shouldn’t be given  (mannitol, pilocarpine, aceta, atropine)
 Cause of painful vision loss  (ACAG, retinal art/vein occ, rt dt)
 Microaneurysm, dot and blot hemorrhage, hard exudate, macular edema  diabetic
retinopathy
 Transient loss of vision, then sudden painless LOV, hx MI  CRARO
 VHL  tumor suppressor gene
 34y bi renal ca, tumor in spine and retina, what type  hemangioblastoma “VHL!” ch3
 Most common cause of corneal blindness “2 brothers went blind”  HSV
 Glasses wearer 30y, now he doesn’t need them, pathology of his eyesight correction 
lens thickening
 Same scenario as above, what was the cause of eye disease he had  eyeball
lengthening “myopia”/near sight
 Same scenario, current condition responsible for patient glasses removal  presbyopia
“far sightedness”
 Definitive rx for retinitis pigmentosa  no
 retinitis pigmentosa, order of loss of cells of eye  rods then cons
 visual diff, exam= deep black pigments in retina  retinitis pigmentosa
 color vision loss in 4y, cause  mother
 corneal abrasion rx  abs
 adenoviral conj, now corneal involvement, mechanism  autoimmune???*
 woke up w flashes  rt dt
 nummular keratitis findings  multiple tiny granular deposits surrounded by a halo of
stromal haze
 normal vision, now developed color vision loss in 1 night, cause  trauma
 peak incidence of retinoblastoma  2y
 common cause of COLOR blindness  congenital
 left eye pain, n/v, halos around objects, best test  gonioscopy
 eye pain, gritty sensation 4d, sticky and watery eyes  blepharitis
 distichiasis pathology  abnormal growth of eyelash from orifice of Meibomian gland
 best way to prevent seasonal attack of allergic conj  antihistamine
 best precaution to prevent eye inf  hand wash
 wood flew into eye  corneal abrasion
 retinoblastoma  calcification of globe
 drooping of eyelid, dx= blephroptosis and poor levator function, best rx  frontalis
suspension
 drusen  ARMD
 follicular keratosis, organ to check first  eyes
 viral conj, there’s also follicles and epi nummular keratitis, cause  adenovirus
 pseudotumor  steroid
 40 pack smoker treated for glaucoma, now has cough and sob, cause  timlol! Bb
 c/I in AACG  epinephrine
 estropia acc  correction of hyperopia by glasses
 % of RB ass w/ heritable cause  50%
 Most common presentation of RB  absence of red eye in pics omg
 RB, intact optic nerve, rx  chemotherapy
 HIV, prophy rifabutin for MAI, effect of drug on eye  uveitis
 14y, eye red, need to sit in front to see, visual acuity 6/6, feels headache when sits
behind  myopia
 Uni esotropia  glasses
 Eye goes to medial side, nerve injured  6
 Lacrimal gland mass causing proptosis, direction of pressed eye will be  in and down
“inferonasal”
 Conj refer when  photophobia
 Most common cause of blindness due to corneal clouding  HSV
 Trauma, foreign body removed, next  abs
 HIV, cotton wool spots in eye  HIV
 Swollen upper lid, eye red, tearing, decrease vision, high temp  orbital cellulitis
 Painful mass beside nose, sx relieved w/ 2w of rx, best rx now  surgical drainage
“dacryocystitis”
 Pain photophobia, corneal ulcer, dendritic lesion, ass with  hypoesthetic cornea
“decrease corneal sensation of pain/ HSV”
 Photophobia pain, corneal abrasion, normal acuity, normal IOP, low lid skin has two fold
 epiblepharon
 Photophobia pain, corneal abrasion, normal acuity, normal IOP, low lid rolled in
entropion
 Nerve supplying superior oblique  IV, 4, trochlear
 Infant, red eye uni, tearing and water discharge  cong glaucoma
 Thick eyelashes from Meibomian tarsal plate  distichiasis
 Painful big mass, sx relieved w abs, next  dacryocystorhinostomy
 Painful big mass beside nose, infecting organism  staph aureus “dacryocystitis”
 Painful big mass beside nose, best rx  abs!
 86 with dm 1w ago, got glasses, came back 2w later needing new glasses, cause 
increase sorbitol in lens*
 Myopia has chorioretinal degeneration  pathological
 TB meds, red eye pain photophobia  optic neuritis
 Painful rt eye, nausea, injected, semi-dilated  acute angle closure glaucoma
 4y.o port wine stain, hx of seizure, high IOP, likelihood of a parent having this disease 
0% “sturge-weber syndrome”
 4y.o port wine stain, hx of seizure, high IOP, mode of inheritance  acquired
 Bi central loss of vision  ARMD
 44y f, painless LOV, pale and swollen optic disk  ant ischemic optic neuropathy
 Decreased color vision, exam= painful eye movement  optic neuritis
 Tumor in lateral geniculate gang, difficult seeing colors, dx  optic neuritis
 Diabetic, decreased color vision  optic atrophy*
 4y 30d esotropia  surgery
 Regular pt brown discoloration of eye for last 4y which is just disappeared, drug causing
that  “thioridazine, haloperidol, metoclopramide, lanatoprost”
 Wilson  slit lamp
 Increased optic disc cupping, high IOP  (open angle glaucoma, checkup for blood
related members, both)
 Wilson, copper deposit in  cornea
 Wilson, best rx  penicillamine
 Prevention of malaria, now diff seeing, causative drug  chlorpromazine
 SCZ & brown discoloration in retina  thioridazine
 Best for dx HSV keratitis  clinical
 s/e of topical steroids  glaucoma
 3y rt eye 20/20, lt 20/200, seems crossed  strabismus
 Farmer has dry eye, smoker, rx beside artificial tearing  stop smoking
 Trauma to face, leading to enucleation of one eye, came later w/ pain in other eye,
patho  autoimmune attack on other eye after sensitization
 Ptosis and eye down and out, nerve affected  3rd
 Given with aceta in ACAG  steroids
 53y eye pain, halos, headache, gi sx, red and injected vessels  ACG/ or digoxin
toxicity**
 DM, HTN, target diastolic to prevent hypertensive retinopathy  80-90 in 2d
 Pain in rt eye, red ring around iris high iop  amitriptyline
 Double vision, droopy eyelids, general muscle weakness, iv injection of edrophonoum
briefly reverses sx  graves disease
 24y women, painful eye movement  iridocyclitis
 30y acute pain and blurring in rt eye, acuity 6/36 in rt, 6/6 lr, central scotoma in rt w/ rt
swollen optic disc  optic neuritis
 Bla bla, hemangioblastoma, high risk of  renal cell ca
 8y rural Nepal w/ conj scarring and ocular pruritic  chlamydia
 Conj least likely to be bi  (bacterial, allergic, viral, vernal)
 7y grows swollen lid, most characteristic orbital cellulitis  proptosis
 Sudden painless LOV in past 2w, ant segment normal but no fundal glow  vitreous
hemorrhage
 True about acanthamoeba keratitis  acanthamoeba does not depend upon human
host for completion of its life-cycle
 Incorrect in connection with contact lens wear  (level of glucose in corneal is
reduced, reduction in hemidesmosome density, increased co2 production, reduction in
glucose utilization by corneal epithelium)
 Down and out  3rd nerve palsy
 4y.o severe bi cong myogenic ptosis with poor elevator function  will have a chin up
head position
 Male redness of both eyes, foreign body sensation, frequent eyelash loss, lid margins
are hyperaemic, lashes matted w yellow crust, left painful ulcer  ulcerative blepharitis
 Sudden loss of vision uni, comes back to normal in hrs  retinal art occlusion
 SCZ, deposition on cornea  chlorpromazine “retina’= thio”
 VHL, hemangioblastoma in which region there’s vascular abnormality  cerebellum
 2d of ver and hor diplopia, pain, down and out  3rd nerve palsy
 Contact wearer 2d of pain and discharge and blurred vision, oval shaped corneal
abrasion and halo of white stromal infiltrate  pseudomona
 20/200  patient read @ 20, average @ 200
 White reflex  RB
 Headache frontal, increased IOP, pupil dilated but bit visual deficit  glaucoma
 Tunnel vision, same size area despite how fat from test screen  conversion!
 Cup : disc > 0.5, flame hemorrhage at disk edge  glaucoma
 Proptosis, inferior and medial displacement of eyeball  lacrimal gland tumor
 Boxer trauma  first cold compress
 Rt middle cranial fossa tumor pressing on rt optic tract  lt homonymous hemianopia
 Ass with ant uv  rheumatic fever
