Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Name: Farjana Hoque Choity

Id: 199202103082
Section: 03
Intake: 44 (Day)
Course: EEE 212 (Electronic Circuit & Devices Lab)
Experiment No: 6
Name Of the experiment: “Study of Clamper Circuit by Using Diode.”

Objectives:

This laboratory experiment explores the applications of the diode. The purpose of this
experiment is to observe the clamping functions found in our circuit designs. The designs that
are required to be implemented and built is the zener diode and various forms of the clamper
circuit.

Required Components:

a) Function generator.
b) CRO.
c) Regulated power supply.
d) Resistor.
e) Diode.
f) Connecting wires.
g) Oscilloscope .

Theory:

A clamping circuit is used to place either the positive or negative peak of a signal at a
desired level. The dc component is simply added or subtracted to/from the input signal.
The clamper is also referred to as an IC restorer and ac signal level shifter.In some cases,
like a TV receiver, when the signal passes through the capacitive coupling network, it loses
its dc component. This is when the clamper circuit is used so as to re-establish the dc
component into the signal input. Though the dc component that is lost in transmission is
not the same as that introduced through a clamping circuit, the necessity to establish the
extremity of the positive or negative signal excursion at some reference level is important.
 Circuit Diagram

Types of clamping circuits:

A clamp circuits are of three types :-

i) positive clamper.
ii) negative clamper.
iii) biased clamper.

Positive clamper

The circuit will be called a positive clamper, when the signal is pushed upward
by the circuit. When the signal moves upward, as shown in figure (a), the negative peak of
the signal coincides with the zero level.
Negative Clamper

The circuit will be called a negative clamper, when the signal is pushed
downward by the circuit. When the signal is pushed on the negative side, as shown in
figure (b), the positive peak of the input signal coincides with the zero level.

Biased clampers

Sometimes an additional shift of DC level is needed. In such cases, biased

clampers are used. The working principle of the biased clampers is almost similar to the

unbiased clampers. The only difference is an extra element called DC battery is

introduced in biased clampers.

Positive clamper with positive bias

If positive biasing is applied to the clamper then it is said to be a positive clamper with
positive bias. The positive clamper with positive bias is made up of an AC voltage
source, capacitor, diode, resistor, and dc battery.

During positive half cycle:

During the positive half cycle, the battery voltage forward biases the diode when the
input supply voltage is less than the battery voltage. This current or voltage will flows to
the capacitor and charges it.
When the input supply voltage becomes greater than the battery voltage then the diode
stops allowing electric current through it because the diode becomes reverse biased.

During negative half cycle:

During the negative half cycle, the diode is forward biased by both input supply voltage
and battery voltage. So the diode allows electric current. This current will flows to the
capacitor and charges it.

Positive clamper with negative bias

During negative half cycle:

During the negative half cycle, the battery voltage reverse biases the diode when the
input supply voltage is less than the battery voltage. As a result, the signal appears at
the output.

When the input supply voltage becomes greater than the battery voltage, the diode is
forward biased by the input supply voltage and hence allows electric current through it.
This current will flows to the capacitor and charges it.
During positive half cycle:

During the positive half cycle, the diode is reverse biased by both input supply voltage
and the battery voltage. As a result, the signal appears at the output. The signal
appeared at the output is equal to the sum of the input voltage and capacitor voltage.

Negative clamper with positive bias

During positive half cycle:

During the positive half cycle, the battery voltage reverse biases the diode when the
input supply voltage is less than the battery voltage. When the input supply voltage
becomes greater than the battery voltage, the diode is forward biased by the input
supply voltage and hence allows electric current through it. This current will flows to the
capacitor and charges it.
During negative half cycle:

During the negative half cycle, the diode is reverse biased by both input supply voltage
and battery voltage. As a result, the signal appears at the output.

Negative clamper with negative bias

During positive half cycle:

During the positive half cycle, the diode is forward biased by both input supply voltage
and battery voltage. As a result, current flows through the capacitor and charges it.

During negative half cycle:

During the negative half cycle, the battery voltage forward biases the diode when the
input supply voltage is less than the battery voltage. When the input supply voltage
becomes greater than the battery voltage, the diode is reverse biased by the input
supply voltage and hence signal appears at the output.

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Give the input signal as specified.
3. Switch on the power supply.
4. Note down the value of AC and DC voltages from the CRO
5. Draw the necessary waveforms on the graph sheet.
6. Observe the output waveform from CRO.
7. Measure the value of AC and DC voltages of the output and the input waveforms
from the CRO.
8. Observe and compare the maximum and minimum voltages of the input and
output waveforms.
Required Circuit Diagram (Simulated):

Figure 01: Positive clamper circuit

Figure 02: Negative clamper circuit
Figure 03: Positive clamper with positive bias
Result Analysis/Required wave shape:

Figure 04: Positive clamper circuit

Figure 05 : Negative clamper circuit

 Figure 06: Positive clamper with positive bias

Discussion:

Short Questions and Answer:

1) What is diode clamper circuit?

Ans: A Clamper circuit can be defined as the circuit that consists of a diode, a resistor and a
capacitor that shifts the waveform to a desired DC level without changing the actual appearance
of the applied signal.

2) What is a clamper circuit explain in details?

Ans: A Clamper Circuit is a circuit that adds a DC level to an AC signal. ... As the DC level gets
shifted, a clamper circuit is called as a Level Shifter. Clamper circuits consist of energy storage
elements like capacitors. A simple clamper circuit comprises of a capacitor, a diode, a resistor
and a dc battery if required.

3) How a diode can be used as a clamper in circuit explain in detail?

Ans: A Clamper circuit can be defined as the circuit that consists of a diode, a resistor and a
capacitor that shifts the waveform to a desired DC level without changing the actual appearance
of the applied signal.
4)what is use of clamper circuit?
Ans: Clamping circuits are designed to shift the input waveform either above or below a
DC reference level without altering the shape of the waveform. This shifting of the
waveform results in a change in the DC average voltage of the input waveform.

5) What are the two types of clampers?

Ans: Clampers can be broadly classified into two types. They are: Positive Clampers.
Negative Clampers.