1.

Define in your own words the following:

a. Wave Shaping Circuit- Shaping circuits are used in timing circuits and circuits that require a specific
shape or "spike" of voltage. Shaping circuits can be used to change the shape of wave shapes such as
square waves, sawtooth waves, and trapezoidal waves. Series RC or series RL circuits can be used in
shaping circuits. The time constant is determined by the duration of the applied waveform. Take note that
the sine wave was not mentioned among the wave shapes mentioned (thus they are called non-sinusoidal
waves). The shape of a pure sine wave is not changed by these RC or RL shaping circuits.
b. Filter Circuit- A filter circuit is a device that removes alternating current. components of the rectified
output, but permits D.C. components required to reach the load
c. Clipper Circuit- A clipper is a circuit in electronics that prevents a signal from exceeding a
predetermined reference voltage level. The remainder of the applied waveform is not distorted by a
clipper.
d. Clamper Circuit- A clamper circuit is a circuit made up of a diode, a resistor, and a capacitor that shifts
the waveform to the desired DC level without altering the appearance of the applied signal.
e. Voltage Multiplier Circuit- The Voltage Multiplier is a diode rectifier circuit that can generate an
output voltage that is many times greater than the applied input voltage.
2.Discuss the circuit operation of a positive and negative biased clamping circuit based on the slides.
An AC voltage source, capacitor, diode, resistor, and dc battery comprise the positive clamper with
positive bias. When the input supply voltage is less than the battery voltage during the positive half cycle,
the battery voltage forward biases the diode.
A Negative Clamper circuit is one that shifts the output signal to the negative portion of the input signal
using a diode, a resistor, and a capacitor. The diagram below shows how to build a negative clamper
circuit. As a result, the signal is negatively clamped, as shown in the figure above.
3.Create your own Clipper circuit with at least 5 circuits. Show the input waveform versus the
output waveform. Prove the output waveform by mathematical analysis.
4. List all the circuits application of diode you learned from our topic and cite important
characteristics of the circuit.
Clipping Circuits are used in FM transmitters to limit noise peaks to a specific value, thereby removing
excessive peaks. The clipper circuit is used to cut off the voltage above a preset value while preserving
the rest of the input waveform.
A clamper circuit shifts or modifies the positive or negative peak of an input signal to the desired level.
This is also known as a Level Shifter or a DC restorer circuit. Depending on the diode configuration,
these clamping circuits can be positive or negative. Negative peaks are raised upwards in a positive
clamping circuit so that they fall on the zero level. In the case of the negative clamping circuit, positive
peaks are clamped so that they push downwards and fall on the zero level.