University College of Science and Technology-UCST

Department of Engineering and Applied-Art

Computer Systems Engineering

.Electronic Circuits (1) / Lab

Exp. #4

Name of Exp / Design a clipper circuit to obtain the waveform on

..oscilloscope

Student Name: Mohammed Abu Shahla

Student No.: 120217022

: Supervisor

Eng. Yousef Al-Mutayeb

.Date of Exp

16-5-2022

2022-2023
 Experiment No.2

Objective:

1. To study the diode applications in a clipping circuits.

2. Understand the working of positive and negative clipper
circuit
3. Design positive and negative clipper circuits
4. Use a digital oscilloscope to capture and analyze output
waveforms.

Introduction Of Theory:-

Diode Clamper Circuits:

A
Clamper circuit can be defined
as the circuit that consists of a
diode, a
resistor and a capacitor that
shifts the waveform to a desired
DC level without changing the
actual
appearance of the applied
signal.
Diode Clamper Circuits:
A
Clamper circuit can be defined
as the circuit that consists of a
diode, a
resistor and a capacitor that
shifts the waveform to a desired
DC level without changing the
actual
appearance of the applied
signal.
Diode Clamper Circuits:
 A
Clamper circuit can be defined
as the circuit that consists of a
diode, a
resistor and a capacitor that
shifts the waveform to a desired
DC level without changing the
actual
appearance of the applied
signal.
Diode Clamper Circuits:
A
Clamper circuit can be defined
as the circuit that consists of a
diode, a
resistor and a capacitor that
shifts the waveform to a desired
DC level without changing the
actual
appearance of the applied
signal.
Diode Clamper Circuits:
A
Clamper circuit can be defined
as the circuit that consists of a
diode, a
resistor and a capacitor that
shifts the waveform to a desired
DC level without changing the
actual
appearance of the applied
signal.
Diode Clipping Circuits:

A Clamper circuit can be

defined as the circuit that
consists of a diode, a
resistor and a capacitor that
shifts the waveform to a desired
DC level without changing the
actual
appearance of the applied
signal.
The Diode Clipper, also known as a Diode Limiter, is a wave
shaping circuit that takes an input waveform and clips or cuts off
its top half, bottom half or both halves together.
Clippers or limiters are sometimes used to clip off portions of
signal voltages above or below certain levels

Types Of Clipper Diode Circuit:

There are mainly three types of
clamper circuits based upon the
clamping:
 Positive Clamper
 Negative Clamper
 Biased Clamp
 Positive Diode Clipping Circuit .
 Negative Diode Clipping Circuit .
 Clipping of both half cycle .
 Biased Diode Clipping Circuits .
Positive Diode Clipping Circuit:

When the negative cycle

clamps/shifts above the zero
voltage level, then
the clamper circuit is called as
Positive Clamper because the
whole signal is shifted to the
positive
side. It’s a really simple circuit
to design, you just need to
follow the circuit diagram
below
When the negative cycle
clamps/shifts above the zero
voltage level, then
the clamper circuit is called as
Positive Clamper because the
whole signal is shifted to the
positive
side. It’s a really simple circuit
to design, you just need to
follow the circuit diagram
below
FIG # 01

In this diode clipping circuit, the diode is forward biased the

diodes begins to conduct and holds the voltage across itself
constant at 0.7V until the sinusoidal waveform falls below this
value. Thus the output voltage which is taken across the diode
can never exceed 0.7 volts during the positive half cycle.

Negative Diode Clipping Circuits:

FIG # 02

Here the reverse is true. The diode is forward biased during the
negative half cycle of the sinusoidal waveform and limits or
clips it to –0.7 volts while allowing the positive half cycle to
pass unaltered when reverse biased. As the diode limits the
negative half cycle of the input voltage it is therefore called a
negative clipper circuit.

Clipping of both half cycle :

FIG # 03

Connected two diodes in inverse parallel as shown,

then both the positive and negative half cycles would
be clipped as diode D1 clips the positive half cycle
of the sinusoidal input waveform while diode D2
clips the negative half cycle. Then diode clipping
circuits can be used to clip the positive half cycle,
the negative half cycle or both .

Biased Diode Clipping Circuits :

To produce diode clipping circuits for voltage waveforms at

different levels, a bias voltage, VBIAS is added in series with
the diode to produce a combination clipper as shown. The
 voltage across the series combination must be greater than
VBIAS + 0.7V before the diode becomes sufficiently forward
biased to conduct. For example, if the VBIAS level is set at
4.0volts, then the sinusoidal voltage at the diode’s anode
terminal must be greater than 2.3 + 0.7 = 3volts for it to become
forward biased. Any anode voltage levels above this bias point
are clipped off.

Types of Biased Diode Clipping :

Positive clamper with positive

bias
o Positive clamper with
negative bias
o Negative clamper with
positive bias
o Negative clamper with
negative bias
Positive clamper with positive
bias
o Positive clamper with
negative bias
o Negative clamper with
positive bias
o Negative clamper with
negative bias
 Positive Biased Diode Clipping
 Negative Biased Diode Clipping
 Diode Clipping of Different Bias levels

Positive bias Diode Clipping

FIG # 04

Negative Biased Diode Clipping

 FIG # 05

Diode Clipping of Different Bias levels

FIG # 06

The advantage of biased diode clipping circuits is that it prevents the

output signal from exceeding present voltage limits for both half cycles
of the input waveform, which could be an input from a noisy sensor or
the positive and negative supply rails of a power supply.

FIG # 06
Circuit Diagram :
FIG # 06
Circuit Diagram :
FIG # 06
Circuit Diagram :

Circuit Diagram :
Task # 01:- Positive Diode Clipping Circuit:

FI
G # 06
Circuit Diagram :
Task # 01:- Positive
clamper with positive bias:
Fig # 07
FIG # 06
Circuit Diagram :
Task # 01:- Positive
clamper with positive bias:
Fig # 07
Fig # 07
Task # 02:- Negative Diode Clipping Circuit:

Fig #
Fig # 08
Task # 03:- Clipping of Both Half Cycles:

Fig # 09

Task # 04:- Diode Clipping of Different Bias levels:

Fig # 10
Practical Work :-

Equipment :-
 Resistor
 Diode
 Connecting Wires
 Breadboard
 Oscilloscope
 Signal generator
 DC power supply

Procedure :-
 Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
 Give the input signal as specified.
 Switch on the power supply.
 For positive half cycle use 2.2V DC voltage, diode
D1 conducts and limits the waveform at +3.0 V. For
negative half cycle use 1.0V DC voltage, diode D2
conducts and limits the waveform at -1.8V. Therefore, all
 positive voltages above +3.0 V and negative voltages below
–1.8 V are automatically clipped.
 In task 4 we use DC power supply to obtain the given
waveforms.
 Note down the value of AC and DC voltages from the
CRO.
 Save the screen shots of waveform of all task from
oscilloscope.

Theoretical Calculations:-

Some common values are:

Frequency = f = 50 Hz Resister = r = 1.5 Kohm
Period = 20 ms Diod = 1N4007
Vin = Vpp = 20 v

Task # 01:- Positive Diode Clipping Circuit:

Vmin = 5.00V Vmax = 12.40V.

Vpp = Vmax - Vdc = 7.40V

Task # 02:- Negative Diode Clipping Circuit:

Vpp = 11.00V Vmin = -0.80V
Vmax = 10.20V
Task # 03:- Clipping of Both half cycle :
Vpp = 1.44V Vmin = -0.72V
Vmax = 0.72V.

Task # 04:- Diode Clipping of Different Bias levels:

Vpp = 4.80V
For Vmin add DC 1V by DC power supply into Diode voltage to get 1.80V
Vmin = 0.8 + 1.0 = 1.80V
For Vmax add DC 2.2V by DC power supply into Diode voltage to get 3.00V
Vmax = 0.8 + 2.2 = 3.00V

Graphical Data :-
A Clamper circuit can be defined as the circuit that consists of a diode, a
resistor and a capacitor that shifts the waveform to a desired DC level without
changing the actual
appearance of the applied signal.
Task # 01:- Positive Diode Clipping Circuit:

Graph # 01

Task # 02:- Negative Diode Clipping Circuit:

 Graph # 02

Positive Clamper Circuit:

Graph # 02
Negative Clamper Circuits:
Positive Clamper Circuit:
Graph # 02
Negative Clamper Circuits:

Task # 03:- Clipping of Both half cycle :

Graph # 03
Task # 04:- Diode Clipping of Different Bias levels:

Graph # 04

Graph # 05
Graph # 05
Graph # 05
Graph # 05
Discussion of Results :-
A In this experiment understand the operating principle of diode clipping circuit. In
positive diode clipping circuit a diode clipper that limits or clips the positive part
of the input voltage. As the input voltage goes positive, the diode becomes
forwards-biased and conduct current. It is because the cathode is at ground
potential ( 0 v ), the anode 0.8v(assuming silicon).So the drop at D1 is limited to
+0.8v when the input exceeds this value. Next the negative diode clipping circuit. If
the diode is tuned around, the negative part of the input voltage is clipped off.
When the diode is forward-biased during the negative part of the input voltage.
Voltage drop atD1 is limited at -0.8v. when the input voltage goes above -0.8, the
diode is no longer forward-biased and a voltage appears across RL proportional to
the input voltage. During the negative half cycle of the input signal, the diode
conducts and acts like a short circuit. Also understand the waveform change of
diode clipping circuit and clamping circuit when the bias is applied. In this
experiment know how to using oscilloscope and to get the wave based on question
given. Limiter are used to add a DC voltage to an AC voltage .
Conclusion :
The Clipper circuit design output waveforms have been studied and the required
parameters are compared. Today’s lab is about the understanding of clippers that
what are clippers circuits how and why they are formed and how to use diodes to
make clipper circuits. Moreover, to analyze the working of diode in limiters or
clippers and to find the waveforms. At the end, all the required values and circuits
are obtained with the help of oscilloscope .