KELOMPOK 2

ANILA / 2010160P
FERRA NINDA / 2010161P
MARYAMA / 2010139P
TRISNAWATI / 2010138P
 DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
 The nurse must know
• Nurses play an important Role in providing Medicine as a result of
colaboration Medicines With doctors to patients.they are responsible For
providing Safe drugs.
• For that the nurse must know All the components of the drug order and
questions the order If it in incomplete Or unclrear Or the dose given Is
outside The recomended limit
• Nurse Need to be careful So that There are no erors In administering drugs
• Especially In administering drugs by injection.because of the risk of
contracting the disease Due to needle stick injury
 THE PURPOSE OF THE DRUGS
ADMINISTRATION

➢ To relieve the pain experienced by patient.

➢ Topical remedies on the skin have a local effect.
➢ Side effects that occur are minimal.
➢ To heal the disease suffered by patient.
 7 PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTERING
THE DRUGS
➢ THE RIGHT PATIENT
➢ THE ACCURATE INDICATION
➢ THE PROPER DRUG
➢ THE CORRECT DOSAGE
➢ THE CORRECT WAY
➢ THE PRECISE TIME
➢ THE CORRECT DOCUMENTATION

* ALWAYS CHECK FOR THE EXPIRED DATE OF THE DRUGS!

 HOW TO ADMINISTER DRUGS
➢ Oral
Administering drugs by mouth is the easiest way and most often used. The
drugs used usually have a long onset and long effects.
➢ Topical
Drugs administered to the skin or mucosa. Medicines given usually have a
local effect, they can be applied to the area to be treated or medicated baths.
Systematic effects can arise when the client's skin is thin.
➢ Inhalation
The airway provides a large area for drug absorption, the drug is inhaled by
mouth or nose.
➢ Administering drugs to the skin
Giving drugs to the skin is administering drugs by rubbing them on the skin
which aims to maintain hydration, protect the surface of the skin, reduce skin
irritation, or overcome infection. The type of skin medication given can vary,
such as creams, lotions, aerosols and sheets.
➢ Administering drugs through the ear
Giving medicine to the ear is done with drops in the ear or ointment. In
general, ear drops, which can be in the form of antibiotics, are given for ear
infections. Especially otitis media of the middle ear.
➢ Administering drugs to the nose
Nasal drops can be done to the nose of a person with nasal inflammation
(rhinitis) or nasopharynx.
➢ Injecting the drugs through the rectum
Injecting drugs through the rectum is the administration of drugs by inserting
drugs through the anus and then the rectum, with the aim of providing a local
and systematic effect. This treatment action is called suppository drug
administration which aims to get the therapeutic effect of the drug, soften the
stool area, and stimulate bowel movements.
➢ Injecting the drugs through the vagina
This Is the act of inserting drugs through the vagina, which aims to get the effect
of drug therapy and treat the vaginal or cervical tract. This drug is available in
cream and suppositories which are used to treat local infections.
➢ Administering drugs the drugs to the Eye
Eye drops or eye ointment are used in preparation for examining the internal
structure of the eye by dilating the pupil, measuring the refraction of the lens by
weakening the lens muscle, and curring the eye irritation.
 PARENTERAL
Parenteral drug administration is presenting drugs by injection or
infusion. Parenteral preparations are sterile preparations. This
preparation is given through several routes of administration, namely:
➢ Intravenous (IV)
➢ Intra Muscular (IM)
➢ Subcutaneous (SC)
➢ Intra Cutaneous (IC)
Medication given parenterally will absorb more and react faster than
drugs administered topically or oral.
 ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG VIA INTRA CUTAN TISSUE
Definition
Giving or inserting drugs into the skin tissue is done as an allergic reaction test
to the type of drug to be used. Administration of drugs through intracutaneous
tissue is carried out under the dermis or epidermis in general, carried out in the
arm area, the venteral part of the hand.
Purpose
Intra cutaneous administration of the drug aims to perform a skintest or test for
allergic reactions to the type of drug to be used. This intra-cutaneous network
of drugs is administered under the dermis or epidermis, generally in the ventral
arm area.
Injection Area
Inject area: Forearm: front of forearm 1/3 of crook of elbow or 2/3 of wrist in
healthy skin.
 CAUTION !
➢ injection location/Area.
➢ The type of syringe and needle used.
➢ Infections that may occur during injection.
➢ Client's condition or disease.
➢ The right patient.
➢ The proper medicine.
➢ Correct dose.
➢ accurate way or route of drug administration.
➢ Precise time.
 INDICATION AND CONTRA INDICATION

Indication
Can be done on patients who are unconscious, do not want to cooperate
because it is not possible to give drugs orally, yet only for non allergic patient.
Its ideal location are the deep forearm and upper back.

Contra Indication
Wounds, allergies, skin infections
 ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG VIA
SUBCUTAN TISSUE
Definition
This is a way of giving drugs by injection under the skin which can be done in
the outer upper arm area or a third part of the shoulder, outer thigh, chest
area and around the umbilicus (abdomen).
Purpose
Administration of drugs through the sub cutaneous tissue is generally carried
out with an insulin administration program which is used to control blood
sugar levels. There are 2 types of insulin giving the solution, namely clear and
cloudy due to the addition of protein so that it slows down the absorption of
the drug or is also a slow type.
 CAUTION!
➢ Injection area.
➢ The type of syringe and syringe to be used.
➢ Infection that may occur during the injection.
➢ The client's condition or disease.
➢ The right patient.
➢ The proper medicine.
➢ Correct dose.
➢ accurate way or route of drug administration.
➢ Precise time.
 INDICATION AND CONTRA INDICATION

Indication
Usually performed on patients who are unconscious and do not want to
cooperate, because it is not possible to administer the drug orally, free from
infection, skin lesions, scar tissue, bony prominence, muscle or large nerves
underneath, small doses of drug that dissolves in water.
Contra indications
Stimulating drug, drug in large doses and not soluble in water or oil.
 AREA OF ​INJECTION

➢ The accurate position of Right & left glutes are 1/3 part of the superior
anterior Iliaca spine to the coccyx (os coxygeus)
➢ Outer thigh muscles (musculus quadriceps femoris)
➢ Muscle of the forearm (deltoid muscle)
 ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG VIA INTRA VENA

Definition
Inject the drugs to veins directly. Those are the median cubital vein / cephalic
vein (arm), the sephanous vein (leg), the jugular vein (neck), the frontal /
temporalis vein (head).
Purpose
Direct intravenous drug administration is intended so that the drug can react
directly and infiltrate through the blood vessels.
 CAUTION!
➢ Each intravenous injection has to be done very slowly for between 50 and
70 seconds in length.
➢ The injection area must be precisely the venous area.
➢ The type of syringe and needle used.
➢ Infections that may occur during injection.
➢ Client's condition or illness.
➢ The proper medicine.
➢ The right patient.
➢ Correct dose.
➢ accurate way or route of drug administration.
 INDICATION AND CONTRA INDICATION

Indications
Is can applied to patients who are unconscious and unwilling to cooperate
because it is not possible to administer the drug orally and sterile.
Contra Indications
Not sterile, drugs that are insoluble in water, or occurring precipitate with
protein or blood droplets.
 AREA OF ​INJECTION

➢ The arm (v. Mediana cubiti / v. Cephalika)

➢ The leg (v. Spahenous)
➢ The neck (v. Jugular)
➢ The head (v. Frontalis or v. Temporalis) especially for children.
 ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG VIA INTRA MUSCULAR
Definition
This Is a way to inject drugs into muscle tissue. The location of the injection can
be done in the thigh area (văstus lateralis) in a ventrogluteal (lying position),
dorsogluteal (prone position), or upper arm (deltoid).
Purpose
To make the drug to be absorbed by the body quickly.
Indications
Usually performed on patients who are unconscious and do not want to
cooperate because it is not possible to administer drugs orally, free from
infection, skin lesions, scar tissue, bony prominences, muscles or large muscles
underneath.
Contra indication
Infection, skin lesions, scar tissue, bulge of bone, muscle or large nerves
underneath.
 AREA OF ​INJECTION

➢ Lateral part of the buttocks (vastus lateralis)

➢ Butoks (lateral part of the gluteus maximus)
➢ Upper arm (deltpid)
Examples of reading recipes :
Recipe I
R/ PCT 500 no.X
S 2 dd 1 ac
The meaning : Take paracetamol 500 mg dose ( 1 tablet ) Given twice a day
after meals
Recipe II
R/ Levemir pen no. 1
S 2 dd 12 IU
The meaning : take 12 unit insulin (Levemir) given Twice a day By
intramuscular injection
• Recipe III
• R/ inj. Ceftriaxone 1 gr Vial no 1
• S pro inj
• The meaning Take 1 gr ceftriaxone by Intravena injection

• Recipe IV
• R/ MMR vaccine Vial no. 1
• S 1 dd 0,5 cc SC
• The meaning : take 0,5 cc Vaccine MMR given Once by Subcutan injection
THANK YOU!!!