SECONDARY STORAGE

DEVICES...
An Overview...
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 Storage

 Primary storage  Secondary storage

 Volatile  Nonvolatile
 Temporary  Permanent
 It loses all its contents when  Writing : is the process
power to the system unit is
switched off. of saving information.
 ROM is Nonvolatile and  Reading: is the process
permanent. of accessing
information.
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 Primary Storage

• RAM (Random Access Memory)

• ROM (Read Only Memory)

– PROM (Programmable ROM)
– EPROM (Erasable PROM)
– EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM)

ROM
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SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES

The physical component on which the data can be written

(stored) and read from (accessed), are called as storage
devices.

DNA data storage: The binary digits ‘0’ & ‘1’ is used to form combinations for DNA’s
nitrogenous bases – Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine.
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MAGNETIC STORAGE
DEVICES

The surface of the magnetic tape, floppy disk and hard disc
are all coated with a magnetically sensitive material (iron
oxide) which reacts to the magnetic field.

 Magnetic Tapes
 Floppy Disks
 Hard Disks

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MAGNETIC TAPE
• Sequentially accessed and processed
• Plastic ribbon, ½ inch wide & 50-2400 ft long
• Horizontal rows called tracks or channels
• Magnetised - 1s & Non-magnetised – 0s
• Magnetic material – Iron oxide/ Chromium dioxide

Tracks

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FLOPPY DISCS
 Flexible plastic disk inside a diskette cover
 Disc divided into concentric circles called tracks
Tracks are divided into sectors
3.5 Inch Disc

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Hard Disc

• Use thicker, metallic platters for storage

• Cylindrical storage mechanism
• Large in capacity
• Sensitive instrument – Read/ Write Head

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Internal Hard Disk
•Located inside system
unit/ CPU cabinet
•Known as a fixed disk
•Designated as the C
drive with partition as
C:, D:, E:
•Advantage:
•High access speed
•Larger speed
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Drive
EXTERNAL HARD DISK

• Removable hard disks

• Used to complement internal hard disk
• Capacities of over 500 GB – 1,2,3,.. TB

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HARD DISK PACKS

• Removable storage
• Massive storage capacity
• Common in mainframes
• Used in Banks and bigger organizations.

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Optical Disks
• Compact
• Permanent storage
• Optical disk use reflected light.
• The 1s and 0s are represented by pits & non-pits.
• Three common types:
– CD ( 700 MB to 1GB)
(Compact Disk)
– DVD ( 4.7 GB to 17 GB)
(Digital Versatile Disk)
– BRD (25 GB to 50 GB)
(Blu Ray Disk)

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Compact Disc

• Optical format
• From 700 MB to 1 GB capacity

• Types
– Read only: CD-ROM
– Write once: CD-R
– Rewriteable: CD-RW
– Video CDs and Photo CDs

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Digital Versatile Disk

• Digital Versatile Disk or Digital Video Disk (DVD)

• Similar to CDs, but can store more data
• Types
– Read only
– Write once
– Rewritable

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Solid State Storage

• Solid-state storage using integrated circuits

• Variable storage in ‘Terra Bytes’ (TB)
• Also called ‘flash drives’.
Units of memory:-
 08 Bit = 01 Byte
 1024 Byte = 01 Kilo Byte (KB)
 1024 kb = 01 Mega Byte (MB)
 1024 MB = 01 Giga Byte (GB)
 1024 GB = 01 Terra Byte (TB)
 1024 TB = 01 Peta Byte (PB)

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