Soap Analysis

(Fats and OIls)

Viva question & Answer

1. What is the difference between soft soaps and hard soaps?
Ans. Sodium salts are called hard soap whereas potassium salts are soft soaps.

2. What is soap?
Ans. Salt of fatty acids (long-chain carboxylic acids), used for washing and cleaning

3. What are the ingredients in the soap?

Ans. Every batch of soap includes the following ingredients:

Coconut Oil, Soybean Oil, Organic Shea Butter, Water, Sodium Hydroxide (Lye), Olive
Oil, Sunflower Oil etc.,

4. What kind of chemical lye is used for soap making?

Ans. Sodium hydroxide and Potassium hydroxide

5. What is Molecular weight of Myristic Acid?

Ans. Molecular weight of Myristic acid is 228 g/mol

6. What is Molecular weight of Palmitic Acid?

Ans. Molecular weight of Palmitic acid is 256 g/mol

7. What are the different types of fatty acids?

Ans. Fatty acids are made up of carbon and hydrogen molecules. There are three types of
fatty acids: saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated. The basic difference between each
of these is the number of carbon atoms with or without two hydrogen atoms bonded to them.

8. What is the difference between fatty acids and lipids?

Ans. Lipids are esters of fatty acids with glycerol, whereas the fatty acids is the smallest
unit of lipids

9. What is action of soap with covid-19 virus?

Ans. Soap is a surface-active agent (or surfactant for short),” “These substances are
special in that they have a hydrophobic (water-hating) part, as well as a hydrophilic (water-
loving) part. We regard these structures has having a ‘head’ (normally the hydrophilic bit), and a
‘tail’ (normally the hydrophobic bit).

As the soap molecule penetrates into the virus coat, it splits it apart, breaking the virus open,
releasing its contents into the surrounding soapy water, which eventually carries them away.

10. What is saponification value?

Ans. Alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils is known as saponification. This forms the basis
of soap making. Saponification value indicates the average molecular weight of a fat or oil.

11. What is acid value?

Ans. It indicates the proportion of free fatty acid present in oil or fats. Acid value is defined
as number of mg of caustic potash required to neutralize the acid in 1gm of the sample.

12. What is Iodine value?

Ans. Iodine value is a measure of extent of unsaturated fatty acid present in fats. It is
defined as number of grams of iodine that combines with 100gms of oil and fats.

13. What is equivalent weight of sodium hydroxide

Ans: 40 g/mol

14. What is equivalent weight of potassium hydroxide

Ans: 56.1056 g/mol

COD
15. Potassium dichromate is considered as the best
Ans. Oxidizing agent

16. What is Ferroin Indicator?

Ans. Mixture of Phenanthroline mono hydrate and Ferric Sulphate

17. After refluxing, ___________ solution is titrated against FAS.

Ans. Excess potassium dichromate

18. Why H2SO4 is added to FAS solution

Ans. To prevent hydrolysis of ferrous sulphate into ferrous hydroxide

19. The products formed after COD analysis are ______.

Ans. Carbon di oxide and water

20. In industrial waste water, COD value is about _____________ BOD value.
Ans. 2.5 times

21. Why is Sulphuric acid added?

Ans. it assists in oxidizing the nitrogen compounds

22. What is a blank solution?

Ans. Identical in all respects to the test solution except for the absence of test solute