Metal Properties for the Petr leum and Chemical Industries 1
Preface showed hydrogen had no effect on rupture strength within limits
This publication is made up of reports which resulted from
five projects of The Metal Properties Council, Inc. and the
ASTM-ASME-MPC Joint Committee on the Effects of Tem-
perature on the Properties of Metals.
The paper by Messrs. Norris and Sticha represents the re-
sults of the first tests made on equipment designed and built by
Southwest Research Institute for The Metal Properties Council.
The project was developed in the Chemical and Petroleum Panel
of the Joint Committee which is chaired by Mr. A. R. Ciuffreda
of Exxon Research and Engineering Corp.
Because of the great current interest in the effects of environ-
ment on properties, particularly at elevated temperatures, the
difficulties as well as the successes in setting up the equipment
have been recounted. Further tests are planned in this important
area.
Messrs. Smith, Wieser, and Dotson have collaborated in re-
porting results from an ongoing program of The Metal Properties
Council of testing at elevated temperatures. The castings that
were tested represent grades included in ASTM standards, and
were contributed by members of the Steel Founders' Society of
America. These cast steels are co imonly used for fittings and
internal components of pressure equipment. The tests were con-
ducted at the Vulcan Testing Laboratories.
The Wieser, Beck, Fontana and Schoefer paper extends beyond
commercial standard grades in the search for improved charac-
teristics for castings to be used in petroleum refineries. This
paper reports another program developed in the Chemical and
Petroleum Panel of the Joint Committee, chaired by Mr.
Ciuffreda. It was funded jointly by the Steel Founders' Society
of America, and The Metal Properties Council, and was carried
out at Ohio State University.
Mr. Hodge is a regular consultant of The Metal Properties
Council. Charpy V-notch and other fracture toughness test data
has been solicited by M P C and has been supplied by foregin
countries as well as by companies in the U.S.A. T h e current
paper supplies needed information on the fracture toughness
characteristics of our "standard" grades of carbon steel, insofar
as such characteristics can be deduced from the data t h a t has
been made available.
The analysis of information in this area is an ongoing project
of MPC's Subcommittee on Fracture Toughness which is chaired
by Mr. Robert Zinkham of the Reynolds Metals Company.
Professor Ebert's Literature Review was prepared for the Steel
Founders' Society of America. I t has been reviewed and ap-
proved by the M P C Subcommittee on Fatigue which is chaired
by Mr. Robert Curran of the General Electric Company. I t is
included here because of its obvious usefulness.
Effect of Hydrogen on the Stress-Rupture Strength of 2-1/4 Cr: 1 Mo
Steel, by E. B. Norris, Southwest Research Institute, and E. A.
Sticha, Consultant. A facility was developed for conducting
stress-rupture tests in high-pressure hydrogen. Data for 2 1/4
Cr: 1 Mo steel quenched and tempered to 104 ksi tensile strength
^Special ASME Publication MPC 2, 1976, presented at the International
Joint Petroleum Mechanical Engineering and Pressure Vessel and Piping Con-
ference, Mexico City, Mexico, September 19-24, 1976.
Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology
Copyright © 1977 by ASME
of the investigation. Specimens exhibited a small loss of ductility
under the less severe (lower temperature/shorter time) exposure
conditions and a large loss of ductility under more severe condi-
tions. Although some test conditions were beyond the Nelson
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curve limits for 2 1/4 Cr: 1 Mo steel, no decarburization or
Assuring by hydrogen was produced during the relatively short
test exposures.
The Elevated Temperature Tensile Properties of Eight Cast Stainless
Steels, by G. V. Smith, Consultant, P. F. Wieser, Steel Founders'
Society of America, and C. L. Dotson, Vulcan Testing Labora-
tories. The results of short-time tensile tests at temperatures
ranging from room to 600°C are presented for eight cast corrosion-
resistant strainless steels: CA-15, CA-6NM, CD-4MCu, CF-8,
CF-8A, CF-8M, CF-8C and CE-30. The temperature depend-
encies of yield and tensile strengths are developed in a form
useful for establishing allowable working stresses. The test pro-
gram was conducted by The Metal Properties Council (MPC)
at the request of the Steel Founders' Society of America (SFSA).
A Survey of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Selected Cast,
Stainless Steels, by P. F. Wieser, Research Director, Steel
Founders' Society of America; M. G. Fontana, Professor Emeri-
tus, Metallurgical Engineering, Ohio State University; F. H.
Beck, Professor of Metallurgical Engineering, Ohio State Uni-
versity; and E. A. Schoefer, Consultant, Steel Founders' Society
of America. Nine cast alloy types CA-15, CA-6NM (martensitic),
CD-4MCU (ferritic-austenitic, precipitation hardening), CE-30,
CF-8, CF-20, CF-8C, CF-3M, and CG-8M (austenitic, contain-
ing some ferrite) were evaluated to determine the general alloy
type most promising for further development of a high strength
alloy for service in the petrochemical industry. The evaluation
program was conducted on material t h a t had been exposed to
elevated temperatures, simulating service conditions, and con-
sisted of room-temperature testing of tensile properties, Charpy
V-notch impact properties, stress corrosion resistance in NaCl
and polythionic acid environments. Several promising alloys
were identified by this evaluation program. A list of alloys
showing greatest promise for improved serviceability was com-
piled based upon these results. Preliminary suggestions on
future testing were made for the second phase of the develop-
ment program.
Impact Characteristics of ASTM Grades of Carbon and Low Alloy
Plate steels, by J. M. Hodge, Consultant. This report presents
the results of an analysis of the impact properties of plain carbon
and low alloy plate steels, based on test results furnished by
steel suppliers of the U. S. A. in response to a solicitation by
T h e Metal Properties Council, Inc. The objectives of this solicita-
tion were: 1 To obtain a general picture of the impact properties
of these steels, most of which are normally produced and sup-
plied to specified tensile and bend test requirements, with impact'
testing or other fracture toughness evaluations being generally
not required, or being a supplementary requirement which has
not been regularly requested by users usually because of the
added cost of such tests. 2 To obtain additional background
information for the International Standards Organization (ISO),
to supplement t h a t which has been obtained from a similar anal-
ysis of test results submitted by steel producers and users out-
F E B R U A R Y 1977 / 235
 side of the TJ. S. A., and to facilitate the introduction into Inter-
national Standards specifications for steels of these U. S. A.
types.
A Critical Review of Recent Literature on the Fatigue Properties of
Cast Steel, by L. J. Bbert, Professor of Metallurgy and Ma-
terials Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
Ohio. The technical literature on the fatigue characteristics of
Call for Papers
International Conference on
Descriptive Geometry1
The Engineering Design Graphics Division of the American
Society for Engineering Education is sponsoring the Interna-
tional Conference on Descriptive Geometry to commemorate the
50th Anniversary of the Division. The purpose of the Conference
is to bring together persons concerned with new developments in
theoretical descriptive geometry, with innovation and research
in teaching, with the relevance of descriptive geometry to the
solution of problems which satisfy societal needs and to engineer-
ing education.
Papers are invited in the following areas:
Recent developments in theoretical descriptive geometry
Innovation and research in teaching
Applications of descriptive geometry to such areas as com-
'Vancouver, B.C., Canada, June 15-18, 1978.
236 / FEBRUARY 1977
cast steel has been reviewed critically and analyzed with regard
to parametric effects and with regard to wrought steel. Various
models, rationalizing the fatigue process, are reviewed and pro-
vide a framework for the analysis of cast steel data. The analysis
identifies areas where data on fatigue resistance of cast steels
are quite complete and points out those where additional docu-
mentation is required. Recommendations are presented regarding
general areas where test programs are needed.
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puter graphics, medical research, human factors engineer-
ing, environmental design, biomedical engineering, etc.
Relevance of descriptive geometry to engineering education.
One of the purposes of the Conference is to provide an op-
portunity for personal involvement and interaction of those
attending the Conference. All paper presentations will be fol-
lowed by interaction in small discussion groups and workshop
type activities.
Authors wishing to present papers should send a synopsis
(200-500 words) describing the scope of the paper to:
Dr. Clarence E. Hall, Chairman
Dept. of Engineering Graphics
Louisiana State University
Room 142, Atkinson Hall
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
Deadline for submission of synopses is June 1, 1977. Persons
whose papers are accepted will be notified by August 30, 1977.
Final draft will be due on February 1, 1978, and will be published
in the Conference Proceedings. All presentations and publica-
tions will be in English.
Transactions of the ASME