Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Subject name & Code: HS8581-PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION LAB
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INDEX
S. Page Marks
Date Name of the Experiment Signature
No No Awarded
1 DIALOGUE WRITING
2 GROUP DISCUSSION
3 PRESENTATION – I
PRESENTATION – II
4 INTERVIEW SKILLS
MOCK INTERVIEW
6 E MAIL ETIQUETTES
7 SOFT SKILLS
8 STRESS MANAGEMENT
10 ONLINE EXAM
DHAANISH AHMED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES
Approved By AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated To Anna University
[REGULATION 2017]
Unit –I
1. Conversational Skills
Dialogue Writing Sample
2. Group Discussion
Class group Discussion sample
3. Presentation
Technical paper presentation
Technical power point presentation
Non-technical paper presentation
Non –technical power point presentation
4. Interview question with answers(10 questions)
Unit –II
5. Creative Writing: Essay or Passage
6. Letter: a) Job application letter
b) Resume
c) Cover letter
7. E-Mail conversation sample
Unit –III
8. Civil Service Exam English sample question & answer
9. TOEFL - Sample question
10. BEC – Sample question
Unit –IV
11. Body Language
Unit –V
12. Time Management
13. Stress Management
14. Quality of team leader
15. Online Exam test Sample
DIALOGUE WRITING
Pooja: Listen. Exercise is very important for health. When Exam is near the students study all the
day sitting at one place. Their food does not digest properly. They fall ill.
GROUP DISCUSSION
Suhaina Fathima: Hello everyone!.I wish to give my voice in support of Indian goods.
Because Indian goods are safe to use comparing to Chinese goods. For example, consider a smart
phone which is a part of our daily life one can get more and more features in Chinese mobiles but
what is the use of them while they are emitting lots of radiation and creating health problem? one
can compromise on cost but one must comprise on health.In addition to this, we have stringent
rules in determining the quality of a particular product especially coming to food products. Indian
govt will ban a particular product immediately after the govt is aware of it. To support this,
consider Maggie, whereas Chinese govt won't have any such type of banning.
Harani: Hello, friends, I am Harani and my thoughts are that Chinese goods are not good for
anyone because as we know that Chinese crackers harm our atmosphere and our health also they
also decrease the percentage of our economy.
Also these days, we have come across in news about plastic rice of china. So I suggest at least don't
buy those goods which are hazardous for our own health.
Joshi: Hi everyone! The basic need of an ideal man is food, clothing, and shelter. So for these
three things a common man fight and sometimes he need to compromise on the price of basic
goods. And China is the one country which minimize the price for this common things by using
there innovative skills and research development.Therefore the middle class peoples skips to there
goods because of there price variation, quality and wide availability in Indian markets.
Hence the common man turns towards the Chinese goods.
Fiza: First of all, Thanks for providing an opportunity to share my thoughts about a topic. I have
to talk about crackers made by china and India. Last Deepavali, Chinese crackers were banned by
India due to it is not safe and unhealthy. Around 10,000's of workers are involving to make a
quality crackers. If we buy our home made crackers it will helpful to improve their family status. If
we buy Chinese crackers, it will affect the business of Indian workers. And then the workers are
moved to various jobs. Thereafter Chinese products gradually occupy our needs.
So Kindly use Indian products, It will helpful for the other Indian citizen to increase their basic
needs and economic status.
Pooja: Hello everyone. I think that Chinese goods are far better than Indian goods.First of all
Chinese goods are not that much expensive as Indian goods.We can take the example of
smartphones.Beside it all the goods I have ever seen are much reliable as compared to others. They
give us latest technology. This is the reasons why our P. M. Mr Narendra Modi has given the
golden chance to Japan (also a Chinese country) for the first bullet train in India. Soon the Japan
will be launching its bullet train.Therefore I summarize that Chinese goods are much better.
Ilakiya: We have to look for three most things in the goods whether it is Chinese or Indian.
1. Efficient.
2. Cheaper.
3. Not dangerous.
4. Long lasting.
If all these three criteria are met by either Chinese or Indian we can buy it.
Monish: Hello everyone!As per my view.It's all about India market and Chinese market.We,
everyone, know that Chinese product are easily available in the market at cheaper rates the result of
that our society accepts the Chinese goods because it cost low to them they quickly purchased that
product, as a result, our currency circulates to another country which will ultimately affect our
market. Because Chinese product through machines which help them to lower d cost and quality of
their product is also low. Whereas Indian product made of hand made from our Indian workers
which will result in the high coat but the quality if Indian goods are far better than Chinese
goods.So I'm here requested to each nd every citizen of our country to go for Indian product will
help us yo achieve the GDP target nd also helps our workers to earn money and it will create
working as well as a happy environment in our country.
Arkkam: Hello friends!Iam ARIF.As per my opinion I would like to support Indian
goods.Because Indian goods are long life,Chinese goods we can say like use and throw type.Here
the Chinese goods are very cheaper than Indian goods they use strategies like price leader.And we
are Indians we have to buy our products for the development of Indian economy, and for
employment to the society.Comparing to the Chinese products to Indian products, Indian products
are more reliable and more life than Chinese goods and products.
Fiza:Hi friends,First of all, I am asking, what is Chinese goods. We are fools. Because buying
Chinese products. If I am the PM of the nation! my first job is to ban Chinese & other country
products. Other countries are each & every product makes it for our own creative and sales in our
countries. So they are rich and no poverty of our countries. Try to don't buying other countries
products, drink the milk of our Indian cow's. You have followed in this method definitely after ten
years India has developed countries, in compare to all over counties. Its sure Thank you!
Suhaina Fathima: Well friends,I think that many people worry about the price of the product
and not about the quality. Chinese goods has low price when compared to Indian goods,so they
prefer Chinese goods instead of Indian goods.
Pooja: Good afternoon everyone,Our topic is Chinese good vs Indian goods. So 1st we talk about
what is the difference between these. Chinese good is of lower quality and lower price, while
Indian
goods are of high quality14 but a little bit costlier than Chinese products. So we can buy either of
these products as per our requirement. But as an Indian, we should responsible for our growth of
GDP. By buying Indian goods we are increasing our GDP by drawing attention of investors to
India and by encouraging manufacturers.
Joshi: Hello, everyone.I would very much like to throw light on this topic. According to my
views, we Indians should support 'Make in India'. It is a fact that Chinese products are cheap and
we all know it. But the question is, Who is making them cheap? It's us are who are continuously
buying their products and helping them to boost their production and pressurizing the Indian
market. We Indians are equally capable of producing our own goods and standing in the
International market.
Arkkam: I think Chinese goods are much better then Indian good. All of you are thinking what
the hell is saying ! guys m right because when if anyone whats to purchase anything so the first
thought of our mind is Price then Quality. Obvious because we are Indian. We never thought what
will be the profit of our country. So guys until we thought our GDP during shopping we never
dream even of development!
Harani: Hi all of you, in my point of view, both have its own specifications. In India mainly the
goods production is low as compare to china. They produce in less cost and sell it less only the
working of goods like mobiles are speed of its work less time also work efficiently but in India
working on mobiles speed is less. If we make in high speed the cost also high. They have all
facilities and they use their products only but in India, we are always waiting for other country
products. Once we start producing goods, our goods quality is better than china goods.
Arkkam: In my point of view, Chinese goods are a little bit cheaper in terms of cost. Even
though they are available for less cost their quality is poor compared to Indian goods. Indian goods
are of good quality and government should take initiative to promote our products and bring them
available even for lower middle-class people. This shows a step ahead in a country development.
Monish: According to my point of view, when it comes to comparing between Indian good and
Chinese good, I would rather prefer buying Indian Goods as it will not only help in raising our
GDP and reduce unemployment but will also emphasize Manufacturers to invest in India.No doubt
Chinese products are cheaper than Indian products and the people under poverty line would prefer
buying Chinese product as they are more concerned with money and quality doesn't matter to them
much. But middle-class and high-class people must prefer buying Indian Goods so that
manufacturers get encouraged and produce high quality and less priced items.
Ilakiya: Chinese goods are affected our economical position and internally week the Indian
market. Which that medium business class Indian people are failed in own business which causes
people are jobless so we support the Indian goods. India is trying high to make it stand in
manufacturing and industries, but China is a big giant to compete in this. Will India be able to cope
China, when India itself is biggest importer of Chinese goods? Make in India vs Make in
China - The Hindu .Oct 26, 2014. Markets across Indian towns and cities are flooded with Chinese
products Apr 25, 2014. The country with the lowest manufacturing costs, we found, is not China.
It's Indonesia, then India, Mexico, and Thailand.
Suhaina Fathima: Customer always wants best product in cheaper price, its doesn't matter its
manufactured in which country if India produces quality goods at good price then customer prefer
to buy Indian product only.
Joshi: I think before buying any good we should take care of what matters to us like if we are
looking for quality then one should go for Indian good. Because everybody knows that Chinese
goods are not durable. And as an Indian, I will promote that one should buy Indian good. I will help
to boost our economy nd increase in GDP.
Pooja: When we compare Indian goods with Chinese goods, Indian goods are far better in quality
than Chinese goods, but Indian people are interested in Chinese goods because of less price, so
government of India must make shore that Indian goods must available for less cost by making our
own Products, so that we can also solve the unemployment problem in India.
By purchasing Chinese goods we are indirectly developing China by paying tax to their products,
as we know that India is the second most populated country in the world, we have enough man
power to produce our own goods, if we start making our own products, after few years India will be
in a position of exporting our own goods, so by this we can improve our Indian economy.
Fiza: As our according to our topic, I would like to say that, if we will want to buy/purchase any
item /goods, before that we have to see the guarantee/warranty of particular item .If the guarantee is
there, then it is good, it doesn't matter weather that item belongs to any country.
Ilakiya: Hello, both are the goods but one thing is different Chinese material inverting new
technology and also .Less price. India item is good but technology is copy to other material it is
also a less price.
Harani: China produces market-driven products, this is why the market share of electronic
industry is more for China than India. The reason can be the latest technology used or availability
of products at lower prices or may be varieties of products available. However, the goods from
China are less, reliable and lacks quality and hence maintenance of these products is difficult. As
far as Indian goods are considered they are of good quality and more reliable. But for example, If
someone wants a product for temporary use then he would go for Chinese goods and vice versa.
But in the perspective of India, the new campaign started by the government "Make in India" in
against of "Made in China" is a revolutionary step. Due to which the manufacturing has started in
India which helps in their economy as well as helps in decreasing the prices of goods. So it can be
concluded that as of now both the sides have certain pros and cons. We cannot go for one side
totally and for India to improve and make competent goods with China they have to decrease. Its
price of manufacturing and also including the new technology, fashion, and eco-friendly products.
At the same time, in nutshell, what is demanded should be made which helps in Indian economy
and the country's growth.
Arkkam: I think the best way to make the Indian goods more competitive without compromising
the quality. The cheaper product will not last longer in the consumer's market. In the free economy
era, best quality & reasonable cost product will survive. The "Make in India" is one step towards
the goal. More encouragement to entrepreneur is required from Government. Definitely, we beat
the Chinese product, the way is long ahead but certainly achievable.
CONCLUSION:
Chinese goods/products are good for some extent but they are not quality product which do not
have long lifetime. What do we think is we should support "Make in India" instead of "Made in
China", It will help our nation in creating employment, growth of our nation, good quality products
and less imports from china or other foreign countries.
PRESENTATION-1
(Technical)
Blackberry Technology
History:
The Blackberry was a communication device that was developed in a Canada based
company, Research in Motion (RIM) in 1999.
It was built in with a multi-tasking operating system. The earlier phones
manufactured under this technology used the 80386 microprocessor for their working.
How it works?
As we all know, there is always software behind the hardware. This holds true for the blackberry as
well. Blackberry Server Software comes in two forms.
1. BlackBerry Professional Software (BPS)
2. BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES)
The way that the BlackBerry server works applies to both the BlackBerry Professional Software (BPS)
and the BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES).
The basic steps in receiving an email on a blackberry device are as follows :
1. The email message is sent.
2. Message arrives at your email server (usually the exchange server) and is sent as normal to your PC/
Laptop.
3. The BlackBerry server (the mail is delivered using a "push" concept to the Blackberry Enterprise
Server) compresses, encrypts and forwards the message automatically to your BlackBerry handset.
4. Message arrives at the BlackBerry via the Internet and the mobile carrier's network.
5. The Blackberry handheld device receives decrypts and decompresses the email, and alerts the user.
PRESENTATION-2
(Non-Technical)
Disaster Management
Volcanos:
Volcanoes refer to eruption of hot molten lava from below the surface of the earth. As
plates move away from each other, at certain places, the surface might get stretched and thinner. In
such a situation, the hot molten lava and gaseous substances below this thinned surface could open up
a fissure and come out.
Typically, these eruptions are always accompanied by discharge of huge amount of
gaseous substances, which are various compounds of high toxicity. All eruptions (gaseous or liquid)
from a volcano is at high temperature, and, the mouth of a volcano might look like, as if it’s spewing
fire.
The area around Pacific Ocean is characterized by higher volcanic activity. In fact, the
entire rim along the Pacific Ocean is called as the “Ring Of Fire”, because of volcanic activity along
this zone.
There are a lot of volcanic activities taking place on a continuous basis, across the globe,
however, not all of these are serious enough to be termed as disasters. In fact, for most of these – just a
moderate level of precaution might be sufficient.
Flood:
Floods refer to huge amount of water reaching land in a short span of time, causing land surface to be
submerged under water – at places, where, land surface is usually not covered with water.
Floods could be caused due to natural causes, or, human activities, or, a combination of
both. Floods are caused by discharge of huge volume of water in a short span of time, at a rate, such
that the water cannot be carried away from the scene of discharge.
Usually, flooding impacts a large area, wherein entire district or states might be
flooded. However, sometimes, flooding is very local, i.e. limited to just one city, or, parts of it. Most
often, the localized flooding is caused due to human activities, rather than natural phenomenon. A
natural phenomenon might seem like the immediate trigger, but, in reality, this is caused by human
activity.
Among various kinds of disasters, flooding is unique in the sense that it has a very high degree
of predictability, both in the short term, as well as long term. In most situations, flood prone areas are
quite known – in the sense that they have a history of flooding. Only in very rare situations, a place
might be flooded – without having any past history of flooding. Even in such cases, a careful study of
the area could give an indication of possible flooding
Natural hazard:A natural hazard is a natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage.
Human-instigated disasters
Human-instigated disasters are the consequence of technological hazards. Examples
include stampedes, fires, transport accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in this category. As with natural
hazards, man-made hazards are events that have not happened—for instance, terrorism. Man- made
disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards have become reality in an event.
Features of Disaster Management:
Impact of Disasters:
Displaced Populations: One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is population
displacement. When countries are ravaged by earthquakes and other powerful forces of nature, many
people have to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions. A large influx of refugees can
disrupt everything from accessibility of health care and education to food supplies and basic hygiene.
Large-scale evacuations are common in light of the power of tsunamis and other natural disasters, and
those fortunate enough to survive face a range of challenges following widespread destruction
Health Risks: Aside from the obvious danger that natural disasters present, the secondary effects can
be just as damaging. Typhoons, hurricanes and tsunamis often cause severe flooding, which can result
in the spread of waterborne bacteria and malaria. As a result, health complications can be prevalent
among survivors of natural disasters, and without the help of international relief organizations, death
tolls can rise even after the immediate danger has passed.
Food Scarcity: After natural disasters, food can become scarce. Thousands of people around the world
go hungry as a result of destroyed crops and a loss of agricultural supplies. The impacts of hunger
following an earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can be tremendous, but fortunately, there are ways you
can help. ChildFund's Child Alert Emergency Fund provides people affected by natural disasters with
the food and nutritional support they need. Your donation of $25, $50 or $100 will be used to fulfill
immediate needs on the ground.
Emotional Aftershocks: Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.
Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme
trauma. Left untreated, children suffering from PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage
and emotional distress. ChildFund works in countries around the world affected by natural disasters to
help children receive the psychosocial care they need following these traumatic events.
Although nobody can prevent natural disasters, we can help people in need in their
wake. By making a donation to ChildFund's Child Alert Emergency Fund, you can help us provide
food, clean water, health care and emotional support to children and communities displaced by natural
disasters……
INTERVIEW SKILLS
SELF INTRODUCTION:
I am Deepika.A, persuing B.E COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING in Dhaanish Ahmed
college of Engineering, Chennai with 7.2 CGPA. And I completed my HSC in St.Joseph
Hr.sec.School. My areas of interests are Business Management . I had served with various
responsibilities both in academic and also non-academic area. My hobbies are playing Badminton and
doing Exercise .
2. What are your career objectives? What are your short-term and long-term goals?
I want to get a Government job or else Banking job as per the core of mine , where I should be able to
use my specialized qualification, understanding and experience in business or Banking process
modeling and organizational change management to suit customer needs.
To
The HR Manager,
Uniq Technologies ,
7th Floor, SB Infocity, Block A,
Kamarajar street,Kodambakkam
Chennai - 600096.
Dear Sir,
This is in response to your advertisement in "The Hindu" newspaper dated 12-09-18 for the
post of Software Engineer.I am graduated in B.E Computer Science and Engineering .I’m a fresher.I
also have completed my computer courses in C,Java,Python and Web Designs. I am a hard working,
sincere and dedicated worker. By working in companies of such repute I have learnt certain values
such as integrity and respect for people and swear by them now. I assure you that if I am selected by
your organization I will give it my best and promise you a result-oriented tenure.
My Resume has been enclosed for your kind perusal.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Thanking You
Signature:
RESUME
A.Deepika,
No.568,Pallavan Nagar,
Vallam Post,
Chengalpattu-603003.
Email:haseemfaiz2410@gmail.com
Mobileno:9597328212
OBJECTIVE:
To obtain the full-time position in the field of Computer science and Engineering and utilizing
my academic skills, Practical training, Problem solving skills along with my computer knowledge for
the betterment of the organization and myself.
ACADEMIC DETAILS
St.Joseph Hr.sec.School,
th
12 STATE BOARD Chengalpattu. 2018 65.5℅
Swamy Viveknandha
th
10 STATE BOARD Matriculation 2016 93.5%
School,Chengalpattu.
PERSONAL STRENGTHS
Leadership.
Sincere and dedicated.
Good listener.
Adaptable
PERSONAL PROFILE
Name :Deepika.A
Date of Birth : 01-01-2001
Sex :Female
Age :20
Father's Name : Alex.R
Marital status : Single
Nationality : Indian
Languages Known :English,Tamil,
Hobbies : playing Badminton,doing zumba
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the above mentioned details are true to the best of my knowledge.
Date: (SIGNATURE)
Place:
Think of your business email as though it was on your business letterhead and you'll never go
wrong!
If you cannot respond to an email promptly, at the very least email back confirming your receipt
and when the sender can expect your response.
Emailing site owners about your product or service through the site form is still spam. Ask them if
they want more info first!
When replying to emails always respond promptly and edit out unnecessary information from the
post you are responding to.
Formality is in place as a courtesy and reflects respect. Assume the highest level of formality with
new email contacts until the relationship dictates otherwise. Refrain from getting too informal too
soon in your email communications.
Never send anyone an email they need to unsubscribe from when they didn't subscribe in the first
place!
Be very careful how you use Reply to All and Cc: in a business environment. Doing so for CYA or
to subtlety tattle can backfire and have your viewed as petty or insecure.
When replying to an email with multiple recipients noted in the To: or Cc: fields, remove the
addresses of those who your reply does not apply to.
Never send business attachments outside of business hours and confirm that the format in which
you can send can be opened by the other side.
Keep in mind when in newsgroups or message boards that you are in a global arena. Read the
charters and rules - before you post.
When discussions get out of control; don't stoop to name-calling or profanities. You are better than
that!
Keep commercialism to no more than a link at the end of your comment or contribution.
Stay on topic and discuss issues only relative to the thread/topic in question.
If new to the message board, "lurk" for awhile to get a feel for the community and personalities of
the regulars before you post.
Never give out personal information or specifics to your location on message boards.
Keep in mind there will always be differences of opinion. Try to remain objective and not
personalize issues.
Don't fall for trolls. Trolls are folks who will post rude comments just to get a rise out of everyone.
Be sure to down edit, or remove any part of the post you are replying to that is no longer necessary
to the ongoing conversation.
EMAIL CONSIDERATIONS...
Before getting upset because you perceive someone didn't respond, check to see if their reply was
inadvertently deleted or sent to your Trash or Junk folder.
With emotionally charged emails, wait until the next morning to see if you feel the same before
clicking Send.
Feel free to modify the Subject: field to more accurately reflect a conversation's direction.
When it comes to your email communications, know who you can trust; trust only those you know.
Take the time to review each email before clicking Send to ensure your message is clear and you
are relaying the tone that you desire.
Never use an old email to hit reply and start typing about an entirely new topic.
Regardless of how noble a forwarded email may be, don't just forward without investigating its
authenticity @ Snopes.com.
Always add the email addresses of Web sites and new contacts immediately to your approved
senders or address book so they get through Spam filters.
Before completing a Web site's Contact form; make an effort to review the site to be sure the
information you seek is not already available.
Take a quick look at the e-mails in your Trash before you delete them just in case a good e-mail
landed there by mistake.
If any email states to forward to all your friends, or just 5 people -- do everyone a favor and just hit
delete!
Don't mass e-mail people who didn't ask to be on your personal "mailing list".
Double check that your adware, spyware and virus programs are set to automatically update at least
once each week so the software knows what to protect you from.
SOFT SKILLS
APTITUDE
Aptitude and intelligence quotient are related, and in some ways differing views of human
mental ability. Whereas intelligence quotient sees intelligence as being a single measurable
characteristic affecting all mental ability, aptitude often refers to one of many different characteristics
which can be independent of each other, such as aptitude for military flight, air traffic control, or
computer programming. This is more similar to the theory of multiple intelligences.
A single construct such as mental ability, might be measured with multiple tests. Often, these
test scores will be correlated with each other. The U.S. Department of Labour's General Learning
Ability, for instance, is determined by combining Verbal, Numerical and Spatial aptitude subtests. In a
given person some aptitudes might be low and others high. In the context of an aptitude test the "high"
and "low" scores are usually not far apart, because all ability test scores tend to be correlated. Aptitude
is better applied intra-individually to determine what tasks a given individual is more skilled at
performing. Inter-individual aptitude differences are typically not very significant due to IQ
differences. Of course this assumes individuals have not already been pre-screened for aptitude
through some other process such as SAT scores, GRE scores, or finishing medical school.
Tests that assess learned skills or knowledge are frequently called achievement tests. However,
certain tests can assess both types of constructs. An example that leans both ways is the Armed
Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), which is given to recruits entering the armed forces
of the United States. Another is the SAT, which is designed as a test of aptitude for college in the
United States, but has achievement elements. For example, it tests mathematical reasoning, which
depends both on innate mathematical ability and education received in mathematics.
Aptitude tests can typically be grouped according to the type of cognitive ability they measure:
Fluid intelligence: The ability to think and reason abstractly, effectively solve problems and think
strategically. It’s more commonly known as ‘street smarts’ or the ability to ‘quickly think on your
feet’. An example of what employers can learn from your fluid intelligence is your suitability for the
role for which you are applying.
Crystallised intelligence: The ability to learn from past experiences and to apply this learning to work-
related situations. Work situations that require crystallised intelligence include producing and
analysing written reports, comprehending work instructions, using numbers as a tool to make effective
decisions, etc.
A skill is the learned ability to carry out a task with pre-determined results often within a given
amount of time, energy, or both [citation needed]. In other words the abilities that one possesses. Skills
can often be divided into domain-general and domain-specific skills. For example, in the domain of
work, some general skills would include time management, teamwork and leadership, self- motivation
and others, whereas domain-specific skills would be useful only for a certain job. Skill usually requires
certain environmental stimuli and situations to assess the level of skill being shown and used.
People need a broad range of skills in order to contribute to a modern economy. A joint ASTD
and U.S. Department of Labour study showed that through technology, the workplace is changing, and
identified 16 basic skills that employees must have to be able to change with it.
1. Labour skill
2 .Life skills
3. People skills
4. Social skills
5. Soft skills
6. Hard skills
7. Mastering skills
8 .See also
9. References
10. External link
Skilled workers have long had historical import (see Division of labour) as electricians, masons,
carpenters, blacksmiths, bakers, brewers, coopers, printers and other occupations that are
economically productive. Skilled workers were often politically active through their craft guilds.
Life skills are problem solving behaviours used appropriately and responsibly in the
management of personal affairs. They are a set of human skills acquired via learning (teaching)
or direct experiences that are used to handle.
DRESS CODE
Dress codes are written and, more often, unwritten rules with regard to clothing. Clothing
like other aspects of human physical appearance has a social significance, with different rules
and expectations being valid depending on circumstance and occasion. Even within a single day
an individual may need to navigate between two or more dress codes, at a minimum these are
those that apply at their place of work and those at home, usually this ability is a result of
cultural acclimatization. Different societies and cultures will have different dress norms although
Western styles are commonly accepted as valid.
The dress code has built in rules or signals indicating the message being given by a
person's clothing and how it is worn. This message may include indications of the person's
gender, occupation and political, ethnic and religious affiliation, and attitude towards comfort,
fashion, traditions, gender expression, marital status, sexual availability, and sexual orientation,
etc. Clothes convey other social messages including the stating or claiming the establishing,
maintaining, or defying and appreciating comfort and functionality.
Clothes can also proclaim dissent from cultural norms and mainstream beliefs, as well
as personal independence. In 19th-century Europe, artists and writers lived la vie de Bohème
and dressed to shock: George Sand in men's clothing, female emancipationists in bloomers,
male artists in velvet waistcoats and gaudy neckcloths. Bohemians, beatniks, hippies, Goths,
Punks, and Skinheads have continued the (countercultural) tradition in the 20th-century West.
Traditionally, Hindu women wear sindoor, a red powder, in the parting of their hair to
indicate their married status; if widowed, they abandon sindoor and jewelry and wear simple
white clothing. However, this is not true of all Hindu women; in the modern world this is not
a norm and women without sindoor may not necessarily be unmarried.
In many Orthodox Jewish circles, married women wear head coverings such as a hat,
snood, or wig. Additionally, after their marriage, Jewish men of Ashkenazi descent begin to
wear a Tallit during prayer.
Men and women of the Western world may wear wedding rings to indicate their married
status, and women may also wear engagement rings when they are engaged.
Dress codes function on certain social occasions and for certain jobs. A military
institution may require specified uniforms; if it allows the wearing of plain clothes it may
place restrictions on their use.
A "formal" or white tie dress code typically means tail-coats for men and full-length
evening dresses for women. "Semi-formal" has a much less precise definition but typically
means an evening jacket and tie for men (known as black tie) and a dress for women.
"Business casual" typically means not wearing neckties or suits, but wearing instead collared
shirts, and more country trousers (not black, but more relaxed, including things such as
corduroy). "Casual" typically just means clothing for the torso, legs and shoes. "Wedding
Casual" defines yet another mode of dress, where guests dress respectfully, but not
necessarily fancily. The uniform may consist of various items that are appropriate length and
style depending on what the school suggests: for example, khaki pants or shorts, plaid skirts,
a button-up collared shirt, a sweater, a coat and tie and even socks. Some schools have each
grade assigned a color type which communicates what grade the student is currently in. That
way if a student is lost someone is able to figure out what grade they are in just by looking at
the color of their shirt.
STRESS MANAGEMENT
Stress management refers to the wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies
aimed at controlling a person's levels of stress, especially chronic stress, usually for the
purpose of improving everyday functioning.
In this context, the term 'stress' refers only to a stress with significant negative
consequences, or distress in the terminology advocated by Hans Steely, rather than what he
calls eustress, a stress whose consequences are helpful or otherwise positive.
Stress produces numerous physical and mental symptoms which vary according to
each individual's situational factors. These can include physical health decline as well as
depression. The process of stress management is named as one of the keys to a happy and
successful life in modern society.[1] Although life provides numerous demands that can prove
difficult to handle, stress management provides a number of ways to manage anxiety and
maintain overall well-being.
Despite stress often being thought of as a subjective experience, levels of stress are
readily measurable, using various physiological tests, similar to those used in polygraphs.
Many practical stress management techniques are available, some for use by health
professionals and others, for self-help, which may help an individual reduce their levels of
stress, provide positive feelings of control over one's life and promote general well-being.
Evaluating the effectiveness of various stress management techniques can be difficult,
as limited research currently exists. Consequently, the amount and quality of evidence for the
various techniques varies widely. Some are accepted as effective treatments for use in
psychotherapy, whilst others with less evidence favoring them are considered alternative
therapies. Many professional organizations exist to promote and provide training in
conventional or alternative therapies.
There are several models of stress management, each with distinctive explanations of
mechanisms for controlling stress. Much more research is necessary to provide a better
understanding of which mechanisms actually operate and are effective in practice.
Walter Cannon and Hans Steely used animal studies to establish the earliest scientific
basis for the study of stress. They measured the physiological responses of animals to
external pressures, such as heat and cold, prolonged restraint, and surgical procedures, and
then extrapolated from these studies to human beings.
Subsequent studies of stress in humans by Richard Rahe and others established the
view that stress is caused by distinct, measureable life stressors, and further, that these life
stressors can be ranked by the median degree of stress they produce (leading to The Holmes
and Rahe Stress Scale). Thus, stress was traditionally conceptualized to be a result of external
insults beyond the control of those experiencing the stress. More recently, however, it has
been argued that external circumstances do not have any intrinsic capacity to produce stress,
but instead their effect is mediated by the individual's perceptions, capacities, and
understanding.
Richard Lazarus and Susan Folk man suggested in 1984 that stress can be thought of
as resulting from an “imbalance between demands and resources” or as occurring when
“pressure exceeds one's perceived ability to cope”. Stress management was developed and
premised on the idea that stress is not a direct response to a stressor but rather one's resources
and ability to cope mediate the stress response and are amenable to change, thus allowing
stress to be controllable.[4]
Among the many stressors mentioned by employees, these are the most common:
The way employees are treated by their bosses/supervisors or company
Lack of job security
Company policies
Co-workers who don't do their fair share
Unclear expectations
Poor communication
Not enough control over assignments
Inadequate pay or benefits
Urgent deadlines
Too much work
Long hours
Uncomfortable physical conditions
Relationship conflicts
Co-workers making careless mistakes
Dealing with rude customers
Lack of cooperation
How the company treats co-workers
In order to develop an effective stress management programmer it is first necessary to
identify the factors that are central to a person controlling his/her stress, and to identify the
intervention methods which effectively target these factors. Lazarus and Folk man’s
interpretation of stress focuses on the transaction between people and their external
environment (known as the Transactional Model). The model contends that stress may not be
a stressor if the person does not perceive the stressor as a threat but rather as positive or even
challenging. Also, if the person possesses or can use adequate coping skills, then stress may
not actually be a result or develop because of the stressor. The model proposes that people
can be taught to manage their stress and cope with their stressors. They may learn to change
their perspective of the stressor and provide them with the ability and confidence to improve
their lives and handle all of types of stressors.
The health realization/innate health model of stress is also founded on the idea that stress
does not necessarily follow the presence of a potential stressor. Instead of focusing on the
individual's appraisal of so-called stressors in relation to his or her own coping skills (as the
transactional model does), the health realization model focuses on the nature of thought,
stating that it is ultimately a person's thought processes that determine the response to
potentially stressful external circumstances. In this model, stress results.
TIME MANAGEMENT
Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control
over the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness,
efficiency or productivity.
It is a meta-activity with the goal to maximize the overall benefit of a set of other
activities within the boundary condition of a limited amount of time.
Time management may be aided by a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to
manage time when accomplishing specific tasks, projects, and goals complying with a due
date. Initially, time management referred to just business or work activities, but eventually
the term broadened to include personal activities as well. A time management system is a
designed combination of processes, tools, techniques, and methods. Time management is
usually a necessity in any project development as it determines the project completion time
and scope.
The major themes arising from the literature on time management include the following:
Creating an environment conducive to effectiveness
Setting of priorities
Carrying out activity around those priorities
The related process of reduction of time spent on non-priorities
Incentives to modify behaviour to ensure compliance with time-related deadlines.
Time management has been considered to be a subset of different concepts such as:
Project management. Time Management can be considered to be a project
management subset and is more commonly known as project planning and project
scheduling. Time Management has also been identified as one of the core functions
identified in project management.
Attention management: Attention Management relates to the management of
cognitive resources, and in particular the time that humans allocate their mind (and
organize the minds of their employees) to conduct some activities.
Some time-management literature stresses tasks related to the creation of an environment
conducive to "real" effectiveness. These strategies include principles such as:
"get organized" - the triage of paperwork and of tasks
"protecting one's time" by insulation, isolation and delegation
"achievement through goal-management and through goal-focus" - motivational
emphasis
"recovering from bad time-habits" - recovery from underlying psychological
problems, e.g. procrastination
Writers on creating an environment for effectiveness refer to such matters as having a tidy
office or home for unleashing creativity, and the need to protect "prime time". Literature also
focuses on overcoming chronic psychological issues such as procrastination.
Excessive and chronic inability to manage time effectively may result from Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Diagnostic
criteria include a sense of underachievement, difficulty getting organized, trouble getting
started, many projects going simultaneously and trouble with follow-through. Some authors
focus on the prefrontal cortex which is the most recently evolved part of the brain. It controls
the functions of attention-span, impulse-control, organization, learning from experience and
self-monitoring, among others. Some authors argue that changing the way the prefrontal
cortex works is possible and offer a solution.[3]
Setting priorities and goals
"Task list" redirects here. For application in Windows XP, see Windows Task Manager.
Time management strategies are often associated with the recommendation to set
personal goals. The literature stresses themes such as -
"Work in Priority Order" - set goals and prioritize
"Set gravitational goals" - that attract actions automatically
These goals are recorded and may be broken down into a project, an action plan, or a
simple task list. For individual tasks or for goals, an importance rating may be established,
deadlines may be set, and priorities assigned. This process results in a plan with a task list or
a schedule or calendar of activities. Authors may recommend daily, weekly, monthly or other
planning periods associated with different scope of planning or review. This is done in
various ways, as follows.
ABC analysis
A technique that has been used in business management for a long time is the
categorization of large data into groups. These groups are often marked A, B, and C—hence
the name. Activities are ranked by these general criteria:
A – Tasks that are perceived as being urgent and important,
B – Tasks that are important but not urgent,
C – Tasks that is neither urgent nor important. (This list could also include tasks that
are urgent but not important.)
Each group is then rank-ordered by priority. To further refine the prioritization, some
individuals choose to then force-rank all "B" items as either "A" or "C". ABC analysis can
incorporate more than three groups.[4]
ABC analysis is frequently combined with Pareto analysis
Pareto analysis
This is the idea 80% of tasks can be completed in 20% of the disposable time. The
remaining 20% of tasks will take up 80% of the time. This principle is used to sort tasks into
two parts. According to this form of Pareto analysis it is recommended that tasks that fall into
the first category be assigned a higher priority.
BEC QUESTIONS
READING
Look at questions 1 – 5.
•In each question, which sentence is correct?
•For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C).
Example
TO : All staff
SUBJECT : IT Training
Tell your line manager if you wish to attend. Places are for those who have not had IT
training this year.
The answer: C.
1. All orders delivered free of charge within 3 days. For next day delivery, the attached
charges apply.
A. There is no delivery charge for any order.
B. You must order your goods 3 days in advance.
C. You must pay to receive goods the following day.
2. Large industrial company is looking for graduates to join management team. Experience
not essential but an advantage. Salary negotiable.
.3.
Meeting: NEW STAFF ONLY
Date: Monday, 6 July
Time: 08.30
Inform your line manager if you are unable to attend.
A. The meeting will allow managers to meet new staff.
B. New staff must attend if their line manager cannot go.
C. There is a meeting for new staff on 6 July.
4. Questions (i – v)
In September, the campuses of America will be full of not only returning undergraduates, but
also employers offering jobs to the best 10% of them. “We are seeing a far more competitive
market for talent,” says Steve Canale, a recruitment manager at General Electric (GE).
Companies are also looking at summer work- experience students more as potential full-
time employees than as temporary staff. 60% of GE's graduate recruits in America this year,
for instance, will come from more than 2,000 summer students.
Firms are working harder to improve their image in the eyes of undergraduates. GE focuses
on 38 universities where it actively promotes itself as an employer. PricewaterhouseCoopers
(PWC), an accounting firm, targets 200 universities and gives a partner responsibility for
each. PWC says that each of these partners spends up to 200 hours a year “building
relationships on campus”.
According to a survey by Universum, which asked 30,000 American students to name their
ideal employer, PWC came second in 2005 (up from 4th in 2004), beaten only by BMW. Yet
the German carmaker, which replaced Microsoft as the leader in 2005, avoids campuses,
relying for its popularity, says Universum, on the “coolness” of its products.
ii) General Electric is offering jobs to all its work experience students.
A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say
Q 32. ______, Symbian Ltd. was formed as a partnership between Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola and Psion.
On 24 June 1999
On 24 June 1998
On 24 June 1996
Correct Answer : 2 Your Answer : 2 Status : Correct Marks : 0.5
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Q 33. How much share of the smart mobile device market had Symbian OS according to the statistics
published in February 2007?
65%
63%
67%
Correct Answer : 3 Your Answer : 3 Status : Correct Marks : 0.5
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Section III : Common Errors in English
Part 7: Correct the errors(grammar) in 10 sentences (This part carries 10 Marks)
Instruction: From the following pairs of sentences identify the grammatically correct sentence Q.34 to Q.43.
Q 34. Identify the correct sentence.
When their dog got really old and couldn't move very much, it would sit in the sunshine all day.
When their dog got really old and couldn't move very much, it will sit in the sunshine all day.
Correct Answer : 1 Your answer : 2 Status : Wrong Marks : 0
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Q 35. Identify the correct sentence.
It depends in your attitude whether or not you adapt to the new demands of a job.
It depends on your attitude whether or not you adapt to the new demands of a job.
Correct Answer : 2 Your answer : 2 Status : Correct Marks : 1
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The story was that after his wedding he took his young bride on their honeymoon to stay at a hotel in Par
Correct Answer : 2 Your answer : 2 Status : Correct Marks : 1
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Q 41. Identify the correct sentence.
If you have got that job, would you have been able to move to a new house?
If you had got that job, would you have been able to move to a new house?
Correct Answer : 2 Your answer : 2 Status : Correct Marks : 1
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Q 42. Identify the correct sentence.
I’ll be ready for leaving by five o’clock.
I’ll be ready to leave by five o’clock.
Correct Answer : 2 Your answer : 1 Status : Wrong Marks : 0
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Q 43. Identify the correct sentence.
The India stood first in the world cup series.
India stood first in the world cup series.
Correct Answer : 2 Your answer : 1 Status : Wrong Marks : 0
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