INDEPENDENT TASK

TOEFL

Group Name : Andi Halim (170410095)

Mario Bala Dollun (170410086)
Wahyu Nengsri Putri (170410102)
Yonatan Andi Patinong (170410041)
Study Program : Industrial Engineering
Lecturer : Dona Handayani SP.d. MP.d

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

TECHNICAL AND COMPUTER FACULTY
BATAM PRIVATE VOCATIONALITY
2019
 FOREWORD

Gratitude for the presence of the omnipotent god who has bestowed his
grace and his grace upon us all. So I can finish thus paper.

At the moment we are making a paper about the “ Preposition “ taken

form various sources. The writing of this paper aims to complete the task of “
TOEIC “ papers.

In writing this paper the author feels there are still many shortcomings,
given the ability of the writer. For that criticism and suggestion very authors hope
to improve the making of this paper.

With this the authors express their gratitude to the parties involved in
making this paper.

Batam, Januari 2020

Penulis

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD................................................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................iii
CHAPTER 1.................................................................................................................1
1.1 DEFINITION OF TOEFL................................................................................1
1.2 TYPES OF TOEFL TEST................................................................................2
1.3 THE PURPOSE OF THE TOEFL TEST RESULTS......................................2
LISTENING COMPREHENSION PART A...............................................................3
SKILL 1: RESTATEMENTS......................................................................................3
SKILL 2: NEGATIVES...............................................................................................4
SKILL 3: SUGGESTION.............................................................................................6
SKILL 4: PASSIVES...................................................................................................7
SKILL 5: WHO AND WHERE...................................................................................9
SKILL 6: AGREEMENT...........................................................................................10
Skill 7 : THE QUESTIONS........................................................................................13
SKILL 8: THE TOPIC...............................................................................................17
SKILL 9: THE ORDER OF THE ANSWERS..........................................................18
LISTENING COMPREHENSION PART C.............................................................21
Skill 10 : THE QUESTIONS......................................................................................21
SKILL 11: THE TOPIC.............................................................................................22
SKILL 12: THE ORDER OF THE ANSWERS........................................................24
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION.......................................................27
Skill 1: SUBJECTS AND VERBS..............................................................................27
Skill 2: OBJECTS OF PREPOSITION.....................................................................29
Skill 3: PRESENT PARTICIPLES............................................................................30
Skill 4: PAST PARTICIPLES....................................................................................32
Skill 5: COORDINATE CONNECTOR....................................................................35
Skill 10 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR/SUBJECTS...................................38
Skill 11 AGREEMENT AFTER PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES..............................39
Skill 12 AGGREEMENT AFTER EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY.......................40

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Skill 13 AGREEMENT AFTER CERTAIN WORDS...............................................41
Skill 14. PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS.. .42
Skill 15. PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS...............43
Skill 16. PAST PARTICIPLE AFTER HAVE...........................................................43
Skill 24: ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS..................................................................44
Skill 25: ADJECTIVES AFTER LINKING VERBS.................................................44
THE READING COMPREHENSION......................................................................46
Skill 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTION..............................................................................46
Skill 2: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS..................................................................47
Skill 3: UNSTATED DETAIL QUESTION...............................................................49
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................52

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 CHAPTER 1

1.1 DEFINITION OF TOEFL

TOEFL stands for Test of English as A Foreign Language (translation: test

of English as a foreign language) is a test conducted to measure one's English
language ability academically. This test is given to someone whose daily language
(mother tongue) is not English. So with the TOEFL test results one can see how
much his ability in mastering English.

The TOEFL English Test was developed by Educational Testing Service (ETS) in
New Jersey, United States. Therefore the TOEFL test is more inclined to the
mastery of English "American British". Whereas for English "English British"
there has been a separate test called IELTS (International English Language
Testing System).

There are several chapters of material tested in the TOEFL test. In general, the
materials tested in the TOEFL test are:

1. Listening Comprehension

2. Grammar Structure and Written Expression

3.Reading Comperehension

4. Writing
These materials are tested in the TOEFL test in one package so they must be
carried out in an overall orderly manner.

1
1.2 TYPES OF TOEFL TEST
There are 3 (three) forms of TOEFL test issued by Educational Testing Service
(ETS):

1. PBT
PBT (Paper Based Test) is a form of TOEFL test that was first issued by
ETS. Most in Indonesia still uses the PBT system in the TOEFL test.
2. CBT
CBT (Computer Based Test) is the next form of test which is an update of
the Paper Based Test.
3. IBT
IBT (Internet Based Test) is also known as NExt Generation TOEFL.

1.3 THE PURPOSE OF THE TOEFL TEST RESULTS

Everyone wants the highest / maximum TOEFL test results. The scale of the
types of TOEFL tests is as follows:

A. The TOEFL CBT score is 0 - 300

B. The TOEFL PBT score is 310 - 677

C. IBT TOEFL score is 0-120

From the scores we get, we can measure the extent of our ability to master English
as a foreign language.

2
 LISTENING COMPREHENSION PART A

SKILL 1: RESTATEMENTS

Often the correct answer in Listening is an answer that contains a restatement

of the ideas in the second line of the conversation.

Example:

(Woman) Andi What’s Wrong?

(Man) Putri, do you want to buy this bag, i just bought it yesterday.

(Woman) can i see it first.

Question: What does the man mean?

A. Andi doesn’t have a bag

B. Putri wants to sell the bag to Andi.

C. Andi wants to resell the bag he bought

D. Andi sells fried foods to Putri.

3
in this conversation, do you want to buy this bag means wants to resell. The
best answer to this question is therefore answer (C) because answer (C) restates
the idea in the second line of the dialogue.

Exercise 1. In this exercise, underline the key idea(s) in the second line of each
short conversation. Then underline restatements of these key words in the
answers, and choose the best ansrver to each question. Remember that the best
answer is probably the answer that contains a restatement of the key idea(s) in
the second line of the conversation.

1. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) Jhonatan, do you like my new clothes?

(Man) Hey hey not bad, i like it.

(Woman) Thank you.

Question: What does the man mean?

A. Jhonatan wants to wear the shirt.

B. Jhonatan felt it was good for him.

C. Jhonatan doesn't like it.

D. Jhonatan sound look like alucard.

4
2. Listen to the conversation

Man: I heard you are married now, how do you feel?

Woman: I feel happy

Man: I am glad to know

Question: What does the woman mean?

A. She is feel sad

B. She is still not married

C. She is feel better

D. Happy to be alone

3. Listen to the conversation

Man: do you play worm zone?

Woman: yes, I beat first place

Man: wow, you are great

Question: what does the woman mean?

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 A. she did not play it

B. she can't play it

C. she defeat the highest score

D. she destroyed everything

SKILL 2: NEGATIVES

The most common type of response to negative statements is positive

statements containing words with opposite meanings.

Example:

(Woman) : Did you get a lot of rank up at the COD today?

(Man) : I couldn’t. The network wasn’t good there.

Question : What does the man mean?

A. He got it.

B. His cellphone broke suddenly.

C. Cod game is being improved.

D. His network is very bad.

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The correct answer is answer (D). If network wasn’t good there, this means that
it was very bad. Notice that the correct answer uses very bad, the opposite of
not good.

Exercise 2. In this exercise, listen carefully to the short conversation and question
on the recording, and then choose the best answer to the question . You should
pay particular attention to negative expressions.

1. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : Andi, do you feel cold?

(Man) : It wasn’t cold at all here

(Woman) : Alright then

Question: What does the man mean?

A. He felt cold

B. He need drink

C. He feels frozen

D. He feels warm

7
2. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : I can’t seem to right key for the door

(Man) : That isn’t the right key for the door.

Question: What does the man mean?

A. The key is broken

B. He could not find the key

C. The key being used is incorrect

D. He is already inside

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3. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : Have you gotten over your cold yet?

(Man) : I couldn’t be feeling any better today!

Question: What does the man mean?

A. He feel a little sick

B. He feels hungry

C. He is in his best condition

D. he felt a little angry

SKILL 3: SUGGESTION

Suggestions are same as the previous section, so you should become familiar
with them. The following example shows an expression of a suggestion.

Example:

(Woman) : I wasn’t like to use AKM for long range.

(Man) : Why don’t try to use M416?

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Question : what does the man suggest?

A. Using AKM for short range

B. Talking about AOV game.

C. don’t use M416 for long range.

D. Using M416 for long range.

In this example, the expression why don’t is an expression of suggestion, so the

man’s suggestion is to use M416. This means that the man suggested using
M416 for long range. The best answer is therefore answer (D).

Exercise 3. In this exercise, listen carefully to the short conversation and

question on the recording, and then choose the best answer to the question .
You should pay particular attention to suggestion expressions.

1. Listen to the conversation

(Man) : The weather’s so beautiful today.

(Woman) : Let’s walk to my house instead of driving

Question: What does the woman suggest?

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 A. Taking the motorcycle to his house

B. Taking a walk instead of going to his house

C. Going for a drive in the beautiful weather

D. Glowing in the dark

2. Listen to the conversation

(Man) : Let's play in sanhok, I'm in my best mood right now

(Woman) : It's better to play in erangel than in sanhok

Question: What does the woman suggest?

A. Play in sanhok is more better

B. She is not on the mood to play

C. She wants to play in erangel

D. His cellphone is running out of battery

3. Listen to the conversation

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(Man) : Let's eat fried rice in the canteen

(Woman) : The noodles are better with this weather

Queston: What does the woman suggest?

A. She doesn't want to eat

B. She had eaten before going to campus

C. She wants to eat noodles instead of fried rice

D. She just wants to drink

SKILL 4: PASSIVES

It is sometimes difficult to understand who or what is doing the action in a

passive sentence. This problem is often tested before.

Example:

(Man) : Is that a new chair?

(Woman) : Yes, we just bought it last week

Question: What does the woman mean?

A. She brought the chair with her

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 B. The chair was lost for a week

C. The chair was purchased recently

D. She bought the last chair from the store

In this conversation, the woman uses an active idea, we . . . bought it [the

chairJ. The correct answer uses the passive idea the chair was purchased.
Therefore, the best answer to the question above is answer (C).

Exercise 4. In this exercise, listen carefully to the short conversation and

question on the recording, and then choose the best answer to the question .
You should pay particular attention to Passives.

1. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : Your hair looks different today?

(Man) : Yes, I just cut it last week.

Question : What does the man mean?

A. He coloring his hair.

B. His hair got bald.

13
 C. His hair was cut yesterday.

D. He uses wig.

2. Listen to the conversation

(Man) : What happened to your bag?

(Woman) : I left it in the canteen.

Question: What does the woman mean?

A. The canteen is to the left

B. The bag was left in the canteen

C. She threw his bag in the canteen

D. She doesn’t have a bag

3. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : did you check the assignment that was given yesterday?

(man) : I checked every single line repeatedly

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Question: What does the man mean?

A. The assignment has been thoroughly corrected.

B. He wrote many of the lines over and over.

C. The checkmarks were on every line of the assignment .

D. He wrote a check for the assignment .

SKILL 5: WHO AND WHERE

In this type of question the answer is not clearly stated; instead you must draw a
conclusion based on clues given in the conversation.

Example:

(Man) : What do you do during your performances?

(Woman) : I play the piano and sing.

Question: Who is the woman most likely to be?

A. An Athlete

B. A member of the audience

C. A clerk in a music store

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 D. A musician

in this conversation the woman says she plays the piano and sings, so the most
appropriate answer is D “A musician”

Exercise 5. In this exercise, listen carefully to the short conversation and

question on the recording, and then choose the best answer to the question. You
will have to draw conclusions about who and where.

1. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : What you did at the traffic light yesterday?

(Man) : I sing and ask for money.

Question : Who is the man most likely to be?

A. A singer

B. A football player

C. A gamer

D. A busker

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2. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : Andi, can you come here now?

(Man) : Sorry, i want to meet with my lecturer now.

Question : Where does the conversation probably take place?

A. in a school

B. in a mall

C. in the office

D. on the campus

3. Listen to the conversation

(Man) : Lily, please go pay for this food.

(Woman) : Okay, wait a minute.

Question: Where does the conversation probably take place?

A. At canteen

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 B. In the park

C. At the restaurant

D. In school

SKILL 6: AGREEMENT

There are two expressions of agreement which are positive and negative. The
expression positive agreement (so do I, me too, I'll say) is used if the previous
sentence is a positive sentence. And the expression negative agreement (neither
do I, I don't either) is used if the previous sentence is negative.

Example:

(Man) : I thought that the meal was overpriced

(Woman) : Me too

Question: What does the woman mean?

A. There were to many spices in the meat

B. She has the same opinion of the meal as the mean

C. She wants to share the man’s meal

D. The price of the meal was great

18
The expression me, too shows agreement with a positive statement, so the
woman means that she has the same opinion as the man. The best answer is
therefore answer (B).

Exercise 6. In this exercise, listen carefully to the short conversation and

question on the recording, and then choose the best answer to the question. You
should pay particular attention to expressions of agreement.

1. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : What do you think about sains?

(Man) : Actually, it is very easy to learn. Do you think so?

(Woman) : Yes, so do i.

Question : What does the woman mean?

A. She disagrees with the man.

B. She think sains is hard to learn.

C. She agress that sains is easy to learn.

D. She like math than sains.

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2. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : Ifeel so bad, i can’t dance. Did you can?

(Man) : Neither can i.

Question : What does the man mean?

A. He can dance well too.

B. He is a great dancer.

C. He can’t dance too.

D. He wants to be a dancer.

3. Listen to the conversation

(Woman) : I think that the company retreat should be in the mountains this
year.

(Man) : What a great idea!

Question: What does the man mean?

A. He don’t have time to do it

20
B. He wants to go to the beach

C. He also wants to go to the mountains

D. He doesn't want to go anywhere

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 LISTENING COMPREHENSION PART B

Skill 7 : THE QUESTIONS

On the recording, you hear:

Example

Example:

In your test book, you read:

A. On Monday

B. Next week.

C. Tomorrow.

D. After class.

You try to anticipate the question:

When will something happen?

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Exercise:

Andy : hi Rico are you free now?

Rico : yes, i am free. What’s up?

Andy : i have a problem about solving some question.

Rico : what question? Is it about our homework?

Andy : yes, could you help me?

Rico : i am willing to help you, but there’s a little problem, i can’t solve it
myself.

Andy : hmm.. I have an idea, come to my home tonight to discuss it together.

How a bot that?

Rico : yes of course, it will be easier if we work together.

Andy : okay, see you in my home tonight.

Rico : yeah.. I will be there.

In this example, you can be quite certain, that one of the questions will be about
when something will happen-Since you are sure that this is one of the
questions, you can listen carefully for clues that will give you the answer. This

23
example shows that a helpful strategy, therefore is to look briefly at the answers
in the test book, before you actually hear the conversations on the recording,
and try to determine the questions that you will be asked to answer.

Man : You don”t look too happy. What seems to be the problem ?

Woman : I’ve got to write a long composition for my english class, and I just
can’t come up with any ideas; its due tomorrow

Man : That souldn’t be too difficult. Remember those pictures you were
showing me last week, the ones from your cruise last winter ?

Woman : Sure, i ‘ve got them some place.

Man : why don’t you write about your impressions of the pyramids in
Egypt and the camel rice you took.

Woman : That sounds like a good idea. I can also tell about our visit to North
Africa, the Holy Land, and all of the historical, biblical places we visited.

Man : Well, now that you’re feeling better about this, I think I’II be on
my way. I’ve got to finish my composition too.

Woman : Thank for your help. Once i get organized, it won’t be so difficult.
(Panca Prastowo, 2010)

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Narator

what was the woman’s problem ?

what does the man suggest ?

which of the following places did the woman NOT visit ?

In your test book, you read (same time):

1. a. She was crazy

b. They thought she was made
c. She has many broken bones
d. She was confused with her assignment
2. a. Just giving
b. Using her trip experience as material for her assignment
c. Going to eat outside with him
d. Visiting Holy Land
3. a. Egypt
b. Rome
c. North Africa
d. Holy Land

The first question asks what was the woman’s problem . The speaker says that
"I’ve got to write a long composition for my english class, and I just can’t come up
with any ideas; its due tomorrow , so the best answer is answer (D). The second

25
question asks suggest . The speaker says "why don’t you write about your
impressions of the pyramids in Egypt and the camel rice you took, so the best
answer is answer (B). The third question asks which of the following places did the
woman NOT visit . The speaker says " I can also tell about our visit to North
Africa, the Holy Land, and all of the historical, biblical places we visited. , so the
best answer is answer (B).

Excercise

On the recording, you hear

Woman : I hear that Paul Schmidt has written a new novel.

Man : Yes, it’s a science fiction piece called Martian Renaissance

Woman : Sounds intriguing. What’s the plot like ?

Man : It ideals with a five –man, one-women crew on a there-year

mission to Mars

Woman : Is their mission successful ?

Man : Well, in some respects it is. they have a series of incredible

adventures once they land.

Woman : Do they meet any real Martians ?

26
Man : Yes, they are even held captive by them

Woman : what di the Martians look like ? are they little green men?

Man : You’II have t read the book to find out.

Narator

What is the name of Paul Schmidt’s new book ?

What tipe of book is it ?

How long did the mission to Mars take ?

In your test book, you read (same time):

1. a. The Incredible Adventure of the Martians

b. Mission to Mars
c. Martians Renaissance
d. Captivating Tales of Mars
2. a. Science fiction
b. Adventure
c. Biography
d. Documentary
3. a. Two years

27
b. Three years
c. Four years
d. Five years

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SKILL 8: THE TOPIC

As you listen to each conversation in Listening Part B, you should be thinking

about the topic (subject) or main idea for each conversation. Since the first one or
two sentences generally give the topic, you should be asking yourself what the
topic is while you are listening carefully to the first part of the conversation.

Example:

On the recording, you hear:

(narrator) Listen to the conversation between two students.

(man) What did you think of that history exam?

(woman) That was the hardest exam I've ever seen.

(man) And it wasn't just hard, it was long, too.

You think:

The topic of conversation is a very long and dfficult history

exam.

Exercise 8. Listen to the first part of each of the conversations, and decide on

the topic of each conversation.

29
Conversation 1.

John : George wait,

George: what’s wrong?

John : i lost my book and i have been searching anywhere but couldn’t find it.
Could you help me?

George: you lost your book, and you ask for my help to find it.

John : yes.

1. What is the topic of conversation 1?

___________________________

Conversation 2.

Susan : good morning Marta.

Marta : good morning, Susan.

Susan : finally, this day is our final exam. Did you have a good sleep last night?

30
Marta : that’s a good question, i can’t stop thinking about this day, what if i fail

Susan : don’t worry, everything is going to be alright.

Marta : i hope so. Did you study last night?

Susan : of course.

2. What is the topic of conversation 2?

___________________________

Conversation 3.

Mia : hello Sanity, how are you?

Sanity : hello Mia, i am fine. Where have you been?

Mia : i have been searching for a job

Sanity : did you find what were you looking for?

Mia : not yet

31
3. What is the topic of conversation 3?

___________________________

SKILL 9: THE ORDER OF THE ANSWERS

The answers is Listening Part B are generally found in order in the

conversation. This means that as you listen to the conversation, you should be
thinking about. The answers to the questions in the order that they are listed in the
test book.

Example:

On the recording, you hear:

(narrator) Questions 1 and 2. Listen to two students on a university campus.

(man) Can you help me? I'm lost.

(woman) Sure. Where are you trying to go?

(man) I have a class in Stanfield Hall at 3:00. I thought I knew where I

32
 was going, but I guess I was wrong.

(woman) You certainly are lost. Stan field Hall is on the other side of the

university. I’m heading in that direction. Come on with me and

I’ll show you the-way.

(man) Thanks. You’re a lifesaver.

On the recording, you hear;

(narrator) 1. What problem does the man have?

2. Where is Stanfield Hall?

1. (A) He's sick.

(B) He's lost.

(C) He's tired.

(D) He's broke.

2. (A) Directly in front of them

33
 (B) To the left.

(C) Quite nearby.

(D) On the other side of car

When you read the answers to the first question, you can anticipate that the first
question is about a man and some type of problem he has. As you listen, you hear
the man say that he is lost. Therefore, you can anticipate that the best answer to
the first question will be answer (B)

When you read the answers to the second question, you can anticipate that second
question is going to ask where some things Is. in the conversation, women
explains that Stanfield Hall is on the side of the University. Therefore as you are
listening you can anticipate that the other correct answer to the second question is
answer (D)

Exercise 9. Listen to each complete conversation, and answer the questions

that follow.

Woman : Good morning, Sir.

34
Man : Good morning.

Woman : May I have time to talk with you?

Man : Yes, sure. What can I do for you?

Woman : I am Alisa, I have a task to write a diary about meeting foreigners.

Man : Okay, I am Robert, I came from England.

Woman : Nice to meet you, Sir.

Man : Nice to meet you too.

Question: 1. When did the conversation occur?

2. What Alisa wants to do?

3. Where did robert come from?

1. A. In the morning

B. In the evening

C. In the afternoon

35
 D. On Monday

2. A. Fighting with him

B. Dating with him

C. Keep a diary about tourists

D. Dinner with him

3. A. England

B. Malaysia

C. Indonesia

D. Rusia

36
 LISTENING COMPREHENSION PART C

Skill 10 : THE QUESTIONS

It is very helpful to your ability to answer individual questions in Listening Part C

if you can anticipate what the questions will be and listen specifically for the
answers to those questions (as you did in Listening Part B).

Example

In your test book, your read

a. Sleeping
b. Dancing
c. Jump
d. Cooking

You try anticipate the questions

What are you doing in the kitchen ?

Because the best answer for that statement is “cooking”. if combined with other
words then the sentence is not right.

37
Exercise

In my talk this afternoon I am going to examine the situation regarding guns and
gun laws in this country. Opinion polls show that most Americans feel handguns
are responsible for the high murder rates. A majority of Americans, some 70%,
favor laws which would ban the private ownership of all handguns. There are at
present very many laws and ordinances throughout the US that do to a certain
extent control the use of guns. However, some states only prohibit carrying
concealed guns, while in others owners must register all handguns and have a
license to carry them. In only a few communities are people not allowed to own
any handguns.

Although most Americans would like to forbid the owning of handguns, there is
not yet a single federal law to that effect, despite the efforts of the Clinton
administration to bring one in. perhaps the major reason for this is the lobbying
efforts of the NRA, the National Rifle Association and its there million members.
The cite the second amendment to the constitution that the right of the people to
keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Times have however changed and maybe
it’s about time opinions and attitudes changed with them.

1. The Questions What is the purpose of the talk ?

a. To talk about different kinds of guns
b. To carry out an opinion poll
c. To make people think about gun laws
d. The examine murder rates
2. The Questions How many members does the National Rifle Association
have?
a. 30 million

38
 b. 3 million
c. 130 million
d. 13 million
3. The Questions How does the speaker feel about guns ?
a. He thinks people should have the right to keep them
b. He feels you should not infringe the rights of the people
c. He thinks there should be changes in the law
d. He agrees with the lobbying of the NRA

SKILL 11: THE TOPIC

As you listen to each conversation in Listening Part C, you should be thinking
about the topic (subject) or main idea for each conversation. Since the first one
or two sentences generally give the topic, you should be asking yourself what
the topic is while you are listening carefully to the first part of the conversation.

39
Example

Niko : How was your break ? you went to bali, didn”t you ?

Nisa : I was going there, but I got a really great fare to Yogyakarta, then I

Drove to Muntilan and some of the little towns in the province.

What are you the speaker talking about ?

a. Bali
b. Borobudur
c. Little towns
d. The woman’s vacation

the right answer for the topic on the question is D, because it matches the topic of
their conversation

Exercise

1. Jho : Are you going to the party tonight ?

Mario : I don’t thinks so. It’s been a long day. I’m beat!
Why isn’t Mario going to the party ?
a. He doesn’t like perties
b. He’s too busy to go
c. He’s too tired to go
d. He’d rather stay home and beat eggs
2. Nia : There were tears of laughter on the faces of everyone in the theater.

40
Andi : the play certainly raised some eyebrows, but it was nothing lees
than hilarious
According to the man and woman, how did the audience react to the play ?
a. They were displeased
b. The found it sad
c. They thought it was shocking , but very funny
d. They became angry at the promiscuity

41
 3. Man : The green dolphin sounds like nice place to eat
Tika : Ok, let’s go there. I hear that they have a complete mrnu and a
warm atmosphere
Where are the men and woman going ?
a. To the beach
b. To a pay
c. To a movie theater
d. To a restaurant

SKILL 12: THE ORDER OF THE ANSWERS

The answers is Listening Part C are generally found in order in the
conversation.This means that as you listen to the conversation, you should be
thinking about. The answers to the questions in the order that they are listed in the
test book.

Example, On the recording, you hear:

Woman : I have hearing some strange noises under the hood for the past
two

weeks. What do you think is wrong ?

Men : Well, your radiator is leaking, your fuel pump is broken and your

carburetor is dirty.

Woman : How long will he repairs take ?

42
Man : I can probably have it as good as new in four days.

Woman : How much will all of this cost ?

Man : about $195

Woman : Do you accept these ten percent discount coupons for work over

$150

Man : Yes, we do. If you leave it now, I’ll have it ready by Friday
afternoon.

43
 1. (Narator) How do the speakers imply about what the woman will probably
pay ?
a. More than $195
b. Less than $195
c. $150
d. Less than $150
2. (Narator) How long will it take to complete the repairs ?
a. One days
b. Four days
c. Several hours
d. Ten hours
3. (Narator) What can we assume the man does for a living ?
a. Mechanic
b. Policeman
c. TV repairman
d. Car salesman

The first question asks what do the speaker imply about what the woman will
probably pay. The speaker says that "about $195, so the best answer is answer (B).
The second question asks how long will it take to complete the repairs. The speaker
says "i can probably have it as good as new in four days, so the best answer is
answer (B). The third question asks what can we assume the man does for a living.
The speaker says " radiator, fuel pump and carburetor, so the best answer is answer
(A).

Exercise
On the recording, you hear

44
Woman : Have you heard that Nancy’s boss wants her to accept a six –
week assignment in Acapulco ?
Man : Yes, but what exactly will she be doing there all that time ?
Woman : Her boss wants her to write a feature story on the regional arts
and crafts. She’ll be photographing and interviewing the local artists.
Man : She’ll really like that, especially since all of her expenses will be
paid and she can practice her Spanish.
Woman : Yes, but most of all, she’ll get to spend her leisure hours soaking
up the sun on those lovely beaches.
Man : At night she’ll be eating that the great food and listening to the
mariachi music. When will she be leaving ?
Woman : Since she doesn’t need a passport, it’ll probably be in about a
week .
Man : That doesn’t give her much time to get organized.(Octa Razaq,
2010)

Narator
1. Which of the following was not mentioned as a reason for Nancy’s
enjoying her new assignment ?
2. How soon will Nancy be leaving ?
3. What is the one thing Nancy will not need for this trip ?

In your test book, you read (same time):

1. a. All her expenses will be paid b. She’ll earn a great deal of money
c. She can practice he Spanish d. She can spend her free time at the
beach
2. a. One week b. Immediately
c. Six weeks d. A few hours
3. a. Swimsuit b. A Spanish dictionary
c. book d. Money

45
46
 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Skill 1: SUBJECTS AND VERBS

You know that a sentence in English should have a subject and a verb. The
most common types of problems that you will encounter in the Structure
section of the TOEFL test are related to subjects and verbs; perhaps the
sentence is missing either the subject, or the verb, or both; perhaps the sentence
has an extra subject or verb.

A sentence in English must have at least one subject and one verb. The first
thing you should do as you read a sentence in the Structure section of the
TOEFL test is to find the subject and the verb.

Example

1. Vina ................. going to be movie with a friend

a. He is
b. He always were
c. Relaxing
d. Will be

Vina functions as subject and going as Verb, but verb-ing is always

preceded by tobe so that it perfectly functions as verb. So, this sentence
requires tobe. The correct answer is D because the answer is to be. Option
A is wrong, because if selected there will be two subjects namely he and the
boy. Option B is wrong, because if selected there will be two subjects
namely he and the boy. Option C is wrong, because if selected there will be
two verbs namely relaxing and going.

47
Excercise

1. On most days, Oscar or Lorraine .......... to work

a. Drives
b. Driver
c. My drivers
d. Drivers
2. .............. a report that was five pages long
a. That the student
b. The students
c. That students wrote
d. Students write
3. UKM activity schedule ..............changed since last week
a. Have
b. Has
c. Was
d. Is
4. Last week rio ......... fishing for trout in the lake near the mountain.
a. Went
b. Goes
c. Go
d. Wont
5. The secretary ................ important documents for today's presentation
a. Are examining
b. Has been
c. Is examining
d. Was examining

48
Skill 2: OBJECTS OF PREPOSITION
An object of a preposition is a noun or a pronoun that comes after a preposition
such as in, at, of to, by, behind, and onto form a prepositional phrase.

The trip (to the island) (on Saturday) will last (for three hours)

This sentence contains three objects of prepositions. Island is the object of the
preposition to; Saturday is the object of the preposition on; hours is the object
of the preposition for.

An object of a preposition can cause confusion in the Structure section of the

TOEFL test because it can be mistaken for the subject of a sentence.

Example

1. ............. his friend, Rima will take a trips by boat

a. Before
b. After
c. Of
d. By

After is a preposition, meaning that his exam that appears after is an object of
preposition. Rima is subject and take is verb (usually considered will take as
verb). By is another preposition and boat is an object of preposition by

Excercise

1. With his friend .............. found a orange cat

a. Has
b. He
c. Later
d. After

49
50
 2. My mother is reading the magazine ........... it
a. Next to
b. After
c. Before
d. Later
3. Tomorrow we will discuss ............. how to make delicious cakes
a. In
b. Of
c. About
d. On
4. ........... my opinion, we should meet and resolve the problem that just happened
a. In
b. On
c. Of
d. My
5. Mia falls asleep ................ the table while doing her chemical work
a. In
b. On
c. My
d. She

Skill 3: PRESENT PARTICIPLES

Present participles can-cause confusion in the Structure section of the TOEFL
test because a present participle can be either an adjective or a part of the verb.
A present participle is the –ing form of the verb. It is part of the verb when it is
preceded by some form of the verb be.

The train is arriving at the station now.

51
In this sentence, arriving is part of the verb because it is accompanied by is. A
present participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the
verb be.

The train arriving at the station now is an hour late.

In this sentence, arriving is an adjective and not part of the verb because it is not
accompanied by some form of be. The verb in this sentence is is.

A Present Participle is the -ing form of the verb. The present Participle can be Part
Of the verb or an Adjective.it is part of the verb when it is accompanied by some
form of the verb be, it is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the
verb be.

Example

The woman ............. playing in the piano is my mother

a. Are
b. Now
c. Will
d. By

The correct answer is B Now. This sentence only requires appendages that are not
subject and verb. The word Playing in this sentence is present participle, there is
no tobe in front of it.

Ecercise

1. The woman who ........ with her best friend

a. Talk
b. Talks
c. Talking
d. Talking

52
53
 2. She was ............ in the corner of her own room
a. Cry
b. Was crying
c. Crying
d. Cryingin
3. Most workers ........... on strike when the machine breaks
a. Are
b. She
c. Her
d. We
4. For her birthday, Mia .......... a very special gift from father
a. Get
b. Got
c. Found
d. Buy
5. The letters .......... delivered to the recipient's address
a. Was
b. Will
c. Will be
d. Has

Skill 4: PAST PARTICIPLES

Past participles can cause confusion in the Structure section of the TOEFL test
because a past participle can be either an adjective or a part of the verb. The
past participle is the form of the verb that appears with have or be. It often ends
in -ed, but there are also many irregular past participles in English.

The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox.

The classes were taught by Professor Smith.

54
In the first sentence, the past participle left is part of the verb because it is
accompanied by has. In the second sentence, the past participle taught is part of
the verb because it is accompanied by were.

A past participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of be

or have.

The letter left in the mailbox was for me.

The classes taught by Professor Smith were very interesting.

In the first sentence, left is an adjective rather than a verb because it is not
accompanied by a form of be or have (and there is a verb, was, later in the
sentence). In the second sentence, taught is an adjective rather than a verb
because it is not accompanied by a form of be or have (and there is a verb,
were, later in the sentence).

A past participle often end in –ed, but there are also many irregular past
participle for many verb, including –ed verbs, the simple past and the past
participle are the same and can be easily confused. The –ed form of the verb
can be the simple past, the past participle of a verb or an adjective.

Example

The family .......... bought a sports car

a. Have been
b. Will be
c. Has
d. Had

Dalam kalimat ini, the family adalah subject dan purchased merupakan verb.
jawaban yang C karena verb membutuhkan kata has.

55
Excercise

1. My family ......... in this city for ten years

a. Has live
b. Have been
c. Lived
d. Has lived
2. He has ............... me in front of everyone
a. Embarras
b. Embrassed
c. Embarrassed
d. Embarrass
3. Short stories ........... by Rio appeared in the newspaper
a. Write
b. Wrote
c. Written
d. Writing
4. The food ............. cooking this morning smelled delicious
a. Were
b. Are
c. Was
d. Just
5. I ........... done all the work today well
a. Have
b. Will be
c. Was
d. Were

56
Skill 5: COORDINATE CONNECTOR
Many sentences in English have more than one clause. (A clause is a group of
words containing a subject and a verb.) When you have two clauses in an
English sentence, you must connect the two clauses correctly. One way to
connect two clauses is to use and, but, or, or so between the clauses. In each of
these examples, there are two clauses that are correctly joined with a coordinate
connector—and, but, or, or so—and a comma (,).

Example

I want to go on vacation ....... I'm sick

a. Or
b. But
c. Because
d. After

the answer is but, because but is the correct coordinate connectors in the
sentence

Excercise

1. Rio is playing guitar .......... mila is making cake

a. Or
b. Then
c. After
d. And
2. I have to get up early .......... I can be late for school
a. Before
b. But
c. Or
d. Because

57
 3. I have followed all the instructions given ....... the results are far from standard
a. After
b. Front
c. But
d. And
4. Miko forgot to refuel ........... my motorcycle broke down on the road
a. Before
b. Or
c. So
d. Be
5. We were like tired ............ decided to rest for a while under the shade tree
a. Or
b. So
c. But
d. Be

Skill 6: ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTORS

Sentences with adverb clauses have two basic patterns in English. Study the clauses and
connectors in the following sentences.

Example

I was very happy .............. the show went according to plan

a. After
b. But
c. Because
d. Or

The right answer for adverb clause connectors is C because it matches the
sentence

58
Excercise

1. ............ you circle the field twice, stop at the finish line.
a. Because
b. After
c. Or
d. But
2. Niko had been coma in the hospital for 6 months ........... he regained
consciousness.
a. After
b. Or
c. Before
d. But
3. ............ of making rendang takes many hours because it has so many
stages.
a. The Process
b. Process
c. We
d. After
4. Rika is very good at cooking cake .......... rini really likes eating cake.
a. When
b. Until
c. While
d. Since
5. The waves are very high when I play sky on the beach.
a. While
b. After
c. Until
d. When

59
Skill 10 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR/SUBJECTS
In Skill 9 we saw that adjective clause connectors can be used to introduce clauses
that describe nouns. In Skill 10 we will see that in some cases an adjective clause
connector is not just a connector; an adjective clause connector can also be the
subject of the clause at the same time.

Example:

1. The woman is filling the glass that in on the table

2. The glass that is on the table contains milk

Exercise:

1. The jumping cat belongs to my neighbor.

2. I did not elect a chairman who just won the election
3. We rented a shop from the owner who owns a building in Batam
Center.
4. Andi forgets to attend the meeting that starts at 10:00.
5. People who arrive late must sit in the front

Adjective clause

In Example No.1 there are two clauses: woman is the subject and the verb is
filling, and that is the subject and verb is. The two clauses are joined by that
connector. Note that in this example the word that has two functions at once: it is
the subject and verb is, and as a connector that connects two clauses. The sentence
'that is on the table' is an adjective clause that describes the word bend a glass.

In example No.2, there are also two clauses: glass is the subject and the verb
contains, and that is the subject and verb is. In this example it also has two
functions: as the subject and verb is and so the connector connects the two

60
clauses. The sentence that is on the table is an adjective clause that describes the
noun glass. Consider the following example which shows how this sentence
pattern can be tested in the Structural questions on the TOEFL test.

_____ is on the table has four sections.

(A) The notebook

(B) The notebook which

(C) Because the notebook

(D) In the notebook

In this example you can see that this sentence has two verbs, is and has, and each
requires a subject. You know the table is not subject because it follows the
preposition on; table is object and preposition. The only answer that has two
subjects is (B), so the answer (B) is the correct answer. The correct sentence must
say: The notebook which is on the table has four sections (The notebook on the
table has four chapters). In this sentence, the notebook is the subject and verb has,
and which is the subject and verb is. Which is also a connector that connects two
clauses.

Skill 11 AGREEMENT AFTER PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

Subject/verb agreement is simple: if the subject of a sentence is singular, then the
verb must be singular; if the subject of the sentence is plural, then the verb must
be plural. An s on a verb usually indicates that a verb is singular, while an s on a
noun usually indicates that the noun is plural. (Do not forget irregular plurals of
nouns such as women, children, and people.)

Example:

The key (to the door) *are in the drawer

The keys (to the door) *is in the drawer

61
Exercise:

1. The subject (school) is quite interesting.

2. The supplies (for the camping trip) needs to be packed.
3. The chairs (in the living room) are quite comfortable.
4. The players (on the winning team in the competition) put forth a lot of
effort.
5. The food (for the guests at the party) are on the long tables.

And the first example, you might think that doors are the subject because they are
directly in front of the verbs are. In fact, doors are not the subject, but the object
and the preposition to. The subject and sentence are key (singular), so the verb (to
be) should be (singular).

As for the second example, you might think that a door is a subject because it is in
front of the verb (to be) is. In fact, the door is the object and preposition to.
Because the subject of the sentence is keys (plural), the verb should be (plural)

Skill 12 AGGREEMENT AFTER EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY

A particular agreement problem occurs when the subject is an expression
of quantity such as all, most, or some followed by the preposition of. In this
situation, the subject (all, most, or some) can be singular or plural, depending
on what follows the preposition of

Example:

All (of the books) were interesting.

                    Plural

62
because the sentence is plural, so the word book is added "s"

Exercise:

1. all games interesting

2. all goods are interesting.
3. all information is interesting
4. Most of dogs always crushed bone.
5. The door at the house is broken.

From the first example, the subject All points to the singular noun, book
(singular). For this reason, the appropriate verb must use the singular as well,
namely was. From the second example, the subject All refers to the plural noun,
books (plural). For that the verb must be plural too, namely were. And the third
example, the subject All leads to objects that cannot be calculated, information
(singular). For that the verb must be singular too, namely was

Skill 13 AGREEMENT AFTER CERTAIN WORDS

Certain words in English are always grammatically singular, even though they
might have plural meanings.

Everybody in the theater are watching* the film attentively.

Even though we understand from this example that a lot of people are watching
the film, everybody is singular and requires a singular verb. The plural verb are
watching should be changed to the singular verb is watching.

63
The following chart lists the grammatically singular words that have plural
meanings.

64
Example:

Everybody in library is reading the book.

Even though we understand that there are many people who read books in the
library, the word everybody is singular and requires a singular verb that is
reading.

Exercise:

1. Each car in the garage solds seperately

2. Everyone eats spaggetti
3. Every boy plays lego at school backgroud
4. Nobody in this coutry is break the world record this man
5. nothing is possible if we can do it

Skill 14. PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE

CONJUNCTIONS
The job of the coordinate conjunctions (and, but, or) is to join together equal
expressions. In other words, what is on one side of these words must be parallel to
what is on the other side. These conjunctions can join nouns, or verbs, or
adjectives, or phrases, or clauses; they just must join together the same structures.

Example:

He discussed the problem with the nurse and the doctor

In the first example, two nouns are joined by the coordinate conjunction

Exercise:

1. You can choose from activities such as hiking and kayaking.

2. The exam that he gave was short but difficult
3. You can stay home or go to the movies with us.

65
 4. There are students in the dassroom and in front of the building.
5. I am here because I must be and because I want to be. Example of a
sentence that is not parallel: My boss is sincerely and nice.

Skill 15. PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS

This type of exercises require the paired conjunctions both ...and, either... or,
neither... nor, and not only... but also; required the parallel structures.

Example:

I know where you are going and what you are doing.

(I know everything where you go and what you do)

Exercise:

1. Either Mark or Susan owns the book.

2. The ticket is not in my pocket or in my wallet.
3. He is not only an excellent student but also an extraordinary athlete.
4. Neither the teacher or the students are ready to leave the classroom
5. The discussion was both exciting and interest

Skill 16. PAST PARTICIPLE AFTER HAVE

Whenever you see the verb have in any of its forms (have, has, having, had), be
sure that the verb that follows it is in the past participle form.

Example:
Those toddlers have been* sleeping for an hour.

(Balita-balita itu telah tidur selama satu jam.) been= past participle dari auxiliary
“be”

66
Exercise:

1. They had walk * to school.

2. We have see * the show.
3. He has took * the test.
4. Having ate *, he went to school.
5. My friend sung * in the choir.

Skill 24: ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Sometimes in the Written Expression section of the TOEFL test, adjectives are
incorrectly used in place of adverbs, or adverbs are incorrectly used in place of
adjectives. Adjectives and adverbs have very different uses in sentences.
Adjectives have only one job: they describe nouns or pronouns.

Example:

My sister is not only beautiful but also tall.

This sentence states an adjective.

Exercise:

1. He can’t walk alone.

Answer: Adverbs

2. They could reach the far side of the island.

67
 Answer: Adjective

3. Uterine cancer in the early stages is difficult to detect

Answer: Adjective, Adjective

4. My spouse brigthens my day in a lovely way

Answer: Adjective

5. Andi lim acts silly in front of his friends sometimes.

Answer: Adjective, adverb

Skill 25: ADJECTIVES AFTER LINKING VERBS

Generally an adverb rather than an-adjective will come directly after a verb
because the adverb is describing the verb.

Example :

Your white shirts turned yellow because you used too much bleach.

a. action verb
b. linking verb

Substitusi “were”:

Your white shirts were yellow because you used too much bleach.

68
Excercise:

1. Feel uneasy toward my mom.

Answer: Linking verb
2. They ….. read
Answer: Were
3. respon….. happy
Answer: Is
4. Learning English is easy.
Answer: Linking verb
5. It …. great.
Answer: Looks

69
 THE READING COMPREHENSION

Skill 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTION

Almost every reading test on paper will have a multiple-choice question about
the main idea of the passage. Such a questions may be worded in a variety of
ways; you may for example, be asked to identify the topic, subject, title,
primary idea, or main idea. These questions are all asking about what primary
point the author is going to get across in the passage. Mostly in a traditional
way, the main ideas can be found by studying the beginning of each paragraph.

Example:

The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to
draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as
merchants have set out their wares at daybreak and communal festivities have
been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as
to the time of day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever.
Were it not for public acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would
be unbearably chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services, and
information would proceed in fits and starts; the very fabric of modem society
would begin to unravel.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

a. In modem society we must make more time for our neighbors.

b. The traditions of society are timeless.
c. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth
functioning of society.
d. Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain
activities.

70
The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is
to be measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose
(C).

Excercise:

Last summer, we decided to spend our vacation at the beach because the
weather was very hot in the mountains. The travel agent said that traveling by
bus was the cheapest way, but we went by plane because it was faster. We
wanted to have more time to spend at the beach. The weather was beautiful and
we had a great time.

1. We decided to go to the beach because….

Answer: of the hot weather in the mountains
2. The bus was the…..way to travel.
Answer: cheapest
3. Travelling by plane was …..than by bus.
Answer: fastera
4. We…..our vacation.
Answere: enjoyed
5. We had very…..weather during our vacation.
Answer: good

Skill 2: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

A stated detail question asks about one piece of information in the passage
rather than the passage as a whole. The answers to these questions are generally
given in order in the passage, and the correct answer is often a restatement of
what is given in the passage. This means that the correct answer often
expresses the same idea as what is written in the passage, but the words are not
exactly the same.

71
Example:

Flutes have been around for quite some time, in all sorts of shapes and sizes
and made from a variety of materials. The oldest known flutes are about 20,000
years old; they were made from hollowed-out bones with holes cut in them In
addition to bone, older flutes were often constructed from bamboo or hollowed-
out wood. Today’s flutes are generally made of metal, and in addition to the
holes they have a complicated system of keys, levers, and pads. The instrument
belonging to well known flautist James Galway is not just made of any metal; it
is made of gold

1. The passage indicates that James Gaiway’s flute is made of

a. Bones
b. Bamboo
c. Wood
d. Gold

The answer to the second question will probably be located in the passage after
the answer to the first question. Since the second question is about James
Galway’s flute, you should skim through the passage to find the part of the
passage that discusses this topic. The answer to this question is found in the
statement that the instrument belonging to well-known flautist James Galway is
not just made of any metal; it is made of gold. The best answer to this question
is therefore answer (D).

Exercise:

The largest wingspan aircraft ever dubbed Spruce Goose. The Spruce Goose's
wingspan is 320 feet (nearly 100 metres), and the aircraft weighs 200 tonnes. It
was so large that it took eight machines to turn it on. The aircraft was designed
by Howard Hughes in response to the U.S. government's request for a plane
capable of carrying large cargo for the war effort. It is made of wood because
wood is a less important material in times of war than on metals. The plane was
very difficult to make so it never actually used. It was flown one time, by 1-

72
Lughes himself, on November 2, 1947; During the flight he traveled less than a
mile above Los Angeles Harbor, but he flew. Today, Spruce Goose is exhibited
for the public to be seen in Long Beach, California.

1. Which of the following is true about the evergreen goose?

Answere: Each wing is 100 meters.
2. This section indicates that the aircraft is designed.
Answere: as a cargo plane.
3. According to the section, Spruce Goose is constructed from.
Answere: Wood
4. According to the verse, when Spruce Goose flew.
Answere: it only traveled short distances
5. what this section shows about apruce goose?
Answere: publicly visible

Skill 3: UNSTATED DETAIL QUESTION

You will sometimes be asked in the Reading Comprehension section of the
TOEFL test to find an answer that is not stated or not mentioned or not true in the
passage. This type of question really means that three of the answers are stated,
mentioned, or true in the passage, while one answer is not. Your actual job is to
find the three correct answers and then choose the letter of the one remaining
answer.

Example:

The Florida Keys are a beautiful chain of almost 1,000 coral and limestone islands
These islands form an arc that heads first southwest and then west from the
mainland. U.S. Highway 1, called the Overseas Highway connects the main
islands in the chain. On this highway, it is necessary to cross 42 bridges over the

73
ocean to cover the 159 miles from Miami on the mainland, to Key West the
farthest island on the highway and the southernmost city in the United States.

The Florida Keys are in the shape of an arc.

The Florida Keys are not all inhabited.

Which of the following is NOT true about U.S. Highway 1?

a. It is also known as the Overseas Highway

b. It joins all of the islands in the Florida Keys.
c. It has more than 40 bridges
d. It connects Miami and Key West

The first question asks for the one answer that is not mentioned about the Florida
Keys. The passage states that the Florida Keys are a chain (answer A) with coral
and limestone (answer B) in the shape of an arc (answer C), so these answers are
not correct. The best answer is therefore answer (D). The passage does not
discuss whether or not the keys are all inhabited.

Exercise:

The Tundra desert, or the cold desert, appears on the edge of the Arctic. North
America, Europe, and Asia. In these areas the temperature almost always freezes,
and causes the environment where plant life is almost impossible. The existence
of ice from water for the most part of the year means that vegetation does not have
enough moisture for growth to occur. Over a short period of time when the
temperature rises sufficiently for the melting ice, there is generally a large volume
of water. Too much water and not insufficient drainage through the freezing soil
layer makes the plant difficult to grow.

1. Which of the following are the best titles for this pericope?
Answere: variations of plant life in the Tundra Desert
2. According to that section, the desert Tundra is found

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 Answere: across North America, Europe, and Asia
3. According to that part, what makes the plant life nearly impossible in the
Tundra desert area for most of the year?
Answere: The state of the freezing water
4. According to this section, which of the following DOES NOT happen
when the weather heats up?
Answere: The plant grows well.

5. According to that section, why is water unlikely to flow after melting?

Answere: The ground below the surface is still frozen.

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 REFERENCES

Octa Razaq. (2010). TEST YOUR OWN TOEFL SCORE. Pustaka Widyatama.
http://www.distributorbukukita.com
Panca Prastowo. (2010). CARA PINTAR MENINGKATKAN NILAI SKOR
TOEFL. www.divapress-online.com
TOEFL PREPARATION COURSE LISTENING MODULE LEVEL 1 - ELTC
OIA UHN
geniustoefl.com/tags/contoh-soal-toefl
Geniustoefl Software For Windows
geniustoefl.com/artikel-ilmu-kunci-toefl/artikel/listening-comprehension

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