1.

this is acceptable because the writer has summirize and paraphrasing the most of
words. And the citation is exist.

2. this paraghraph is plagiarized because the writer only changed few of words from
its original product. the writer also just shuffle the sentence. although there's a
citation in it. the text is not a plagiarized when we changed most of the words into
our own words and giving a source on it. we can make it by pharaprasing and
summarizing.

this is plagiarized. because the quotation is too long, it's more than 20 - 25 words.
besides, the writer should use double quotation mark if she/he want to. According
to Richmond.edu it can still be a plagiarized when we are unable to use a proper
quotation mark. even the writer had given the source. there's several rules to use
the proper quotation mark ex: in British and American. but for single and double
quotation mark, we found that single quotation mark is use when there's quotes
within quotes

1. Between 1830 and 1850 there was very rapid development in railway construction
worldwide. Two periods of especially feverish growth were 1835–7 and 1844–7. It
is hard to understand the reason for this intense activity, since railways were not
particularly profitable investments and some produced no return at all. (Hobsbawm,
1995: 45) *

2. There were only a few dozen miles of railways in 1830,including the Liverpool to
Manchester line. But by 1840 there were over 4,500 miles and over 23,500 by
1850. Most of them were built in large part with British capital, British iron,
machines and know-how, and most of them were projected in a few bursts of
speculative frenzy known as the ‘railway manias’ of 1835–7 and especially in 1844–
7. Because most yielded quite modest profits and many none at all these
investment booms appear irrational. In fact few railways were much more profitable
to the investor than other forms of enterprise. (Hobsbawm, 1995: 45) 

3. As Hobsbawm (1995) argues, nineteenth-century railway mania was partly

irrational: ‘because in fact few railways were much more profitable to the investor
than other forms of enterprise, most yielded quite modest profits and many none at
all: in 1855 the average interest on capital sunk in the British railways was a mere
3.7 per cent.’ (Hobsbawm, 1995: 45) *

this is plagiarized. because the quotation is too long, it's more than 20 - 25 words.
besides, the writer should use double quotation mark if she/he want to. According
to Richmond.edu it can still be a plagiarized when we are unable to use a proper
quotation mark. even the writer had given the source. there's several rules to use
the proper quotation mark ex: in British and American. but for single and double
quotation mark, we found that single quotation mark is use when there's quotes
within quotes
 4. Globally, railway networks increased dramatically from 1830to 1850; the majority in
short periods of ‘mania’ (1835–7 and1844–7). British technology and capital were
responsible for much of this growth, yet the returns on the investment were hardly
any better than comparable business opportunities.(Hobsbawm, 1895: 45)

5. The dramatic growth of railways between 1830 and 1850 was largely achieved
using British technology. However, it has been claimed that much of this
development was irrational because few railways were much more profitable to the
investor than other forms of enterprise; most yielded quite modest profits and many
none at all. *

this paraghraph is plagiarized, because there is no citation/ source in it, although

we are doing paraphrashing , we must put the source down. we know that
plagiarism is the condition when we use someone else's ideas or work without full
acknowlegdment.

Read the following text and writes the key points

6. For most of the past century an inverse correlation between human fertility and
economic development has been found. This means that as a country got richer,
the average number of children born to each woman got smaller. While in the
poorest countries women often have eight children, the rate fell as low as 1.3 in
some European countries such as Italy, which is below the replacement rate. Such
a low rate has two likely negative consequences: the population will fall in the long
term, and a growing number of old people will have to be supported by a shrinking
number of young. But a recent study by researchers from Pennsylvania University
suggests that this pattern may be changing. They related countries’ fertility rates to
their human development index (HDI), a figure with a maximum value of 1.0, which
assesses life expectancy, average income and education level. Over 20 countries
now have an HDI of more than 0.9, and in a majority of these the fertility rate has
started to increase, and in some is approaching two children per woman. Although
there are exceptions such as Japan, it appears that ever higher levels of wealth
and education eventually translate into a desire for more children. *

Answer KEY POINTS :

 The decrease of growth population in industrialized nations has been found for a
long time ago.
 The low rate have two consequenses such as number of population will poor and
increase number of old than young people
 According to the newest research from Pennyslvania University, the pattern shows
different result . because Over 20 countries now have an HDI (Human
Development Index) of more than 0.9,
 majority of the fertility rate has started to increase, and in some is approaching two
children per woman.
  This suggest that industrialized nations today also have increased desire to have
many children.

Complete the notes of key points

1. Falling levels of fertility have generally been found............ *

Answer : since the last centuries ago .

2. In some, number of children born ............ *

Answer : . to each woman got smaller

3. Two results: smaller populations and ............ *

Answer : growing number of old people because of young population is shrinking

4. Recent research claims that ............ *

Answer : the pattern may changing

5. Comparison of HDI (human development index: ............................... with fertility

found that in most highly rated (+0.9) countries,………………………

Answer : (1) life expectancy, average income and educational level.(2) fertility rate has started
to increase, and in some is approaching two children per woman.

6. Join the notes together and expand them to make the final summary. Check that
the meaning is clear and no important points have been left out. Find a suitable
title. 
Answer :
Falling levels of fertility have generally been found since the last centuries ago. It was meant
that in some, number of children born to each woman got smaller. The result consequenses
from this conditions will be two; smaller populations and growing number of old people
because of young population has shrank. However, recent research claims that the pattern
may changing. Comparison of HDI (human development index) life expectancy, average
income and educational level with fertility found that in most highly rated (+0.9) countries
fertility rate has started to increase and in some is approaching two children per woman.

7. Summarize the summary in no more than 20 words 

Answer :
According to last research there is reverse correlation that industiralized nations also have
increased desire to have many children. (perlu dicek lagi)