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First Term Exam (2021-22)


Class 10 - Social Science
Sample Paper 01

Maximum Marks: 40
Time Allowed: 90 minutes

General Instructions:

1. The Question Paper contains four sections.


2. Section A has 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
3. Section B has 22 questions. Attempt any 18 questions.
4. Section C has 12 questions (Case based). Attempt any 10 questions.
5. Section D contains 2 Map based questions. Attempt both the questions.
6. All questions carry equal marks.
7. There is no negative marking.

Section A
1. Read the given statement based on Napoleonic Code. Which of the following is incorrect?
a. It is also known as Criminal Code
b. It established equality before the law
c. It secured the right to property
d. It did away with all privileges based on birth
2. Which of the following states does not have laterite soil?
a. north eastern states
b. hilly areas of Odisha and Assam
c. Karnataka and Kerala
d. Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh
3. Reservation for women in parliament is a good example of which arrangement?
a. Power shared among different parties
b. Power shared among social groups
c. Power shared among different levels of government
d. Power shared among different organs of government
4. Identify the reason that can be given in favour of power-sharing.
a. It imposes the domination of governments
b. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups
c. It destabilizes the political structure
d. It encourages civil wars
5. ________ is the political head of the municipality.
a. District Collector
b. Panch
c. Municipal chairperson
d. Sarpanch
6. According to 2011 census which of the following state has least literacy rate(%)?

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a. Bihar
b. Haryana
c. Kerala
d. Goa
7. What should India do to become a developed country?
a. To increase exports
b. To increase imports
c. Increase no cars and buildings
d. Control the rate of increase in population
8. Which type of unemployment is not visible:
a. Seasonal unemployment
b. Disguised unemployment
c. Structural unemployment
d. Frictional unemployment
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9. The ________ launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for
regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.
a. Muslims
b. Sri Lankan Tamils
c. Christians
d. Sinhalas
10. Which of the quote is said by Metternich?
a. Little by little, the old world crumbled, and not once did the king imagine that some of the pieces
might fall on him
b. When France sneezes, Metternich once remarked, ‘the rest of Europe catches a cold'
c. Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death; - the last, much the easiest to bestow, O Guillotine
d. Giuseppe Mazzini is the most dangerous enemy of our social order
11. When did Napoleon invade Italy?
a. 1797
b. 1821
c. 1795
d. 1905
12. Which local government works at the district level?
a. Village Panchayat
b. Zila Parishad
c. None of these
d. Panchayat Samiti
13. Following are the key features of the federal system. Identify the incorrect one:
a. The powers are misused often for their mutual benefit
b. The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution
c. There are two or more levels of government
d. Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction
14. When running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels, this leads to:
a. Sheet erosion
b. Sand erosion
c. Gully erosion

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d. Rill erosion
15. Subjects such as the defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications, and currency
are included in which of the following list?
a. State
b. Union
c. Concurrent
d. Residuary
16. Sustainable development is necessary because:
a. Human nature
b. Development of a country
c. The market will get disturbed
d. Resources will deplete
17. Oceanic area upto ________ from the coast is termed as territorial water.
a. 22.2 nautical miles
b. 200 nautical miles
c. 2.2 nautical miles
d. 12 nautical miles
18. In terms of GDP, the share of the tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between ________ percent.
a. 30 to 40
b. 50 to 60
c. 20 to 30
d. 60 to 70
19. In which treaty Greece was recognised as an independent nation?
a. Treaty of Geneva
b. Treaty of Vienna
c. Versailles treaty
d. Treaty of Constantinople
20. In which part of Sri Lanka are the Sri Lankan Tamils concentrated?
a. North and East
b. South and East
c. South and West
d. North and West
21. Usually, a federation has ________ levels of government.
a. multiple
b. two
c. three
d. one
22. Which of the following is a private enterprise?
a. Indian Postal department
b. Indian Railways
c. MTNL
d. WIPRO
23. ________ crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to
June.
a. Summer crops
b. Kharif
c. Zaid

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d. Rabi
24. Which of the following levels can compare human development index of countries?
a. Composition of society
b. Type of Government
c. The health of people
d. Environment of country
Section B
25. Which of these is not a characteristic of the organised sector?
a. Employment is not secure
b. Provision for paid leave
c. Registered by government
d. Job security
26. Who celebrated the national struggle through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the
polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols?
a. Louis Philippe
b. Friedrich Wilhelm IV
c. Karol Kurpinski
d. Giuseppe Mazzini
27. Choose the industrial activity that is responsible for land degradation.
a. Grinding of limestone for the cement industry
b. Crushing of sugarcane for sugar industry
c. Ginning of cotton for the textile industry
d. Using water for industries
28. The Estates-General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation. A
centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens
within its territory. The above events took place during which revolution?
a. Industrial revolution
b. American Revolution
c. The Haitian Revolution
d. French revolution
29. Of Belgium’s total population, ________ percent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language.
a. 60%
b. 39%
c. 80%
d. 59%
30. What is per capita income?
a. Whole income
b. Average income
c. National income
d. State’s income
31. The panchayat works under the overall supervision of the:
a. State government
b. Gram sabha
c. Block level
d. Zilla parishad
32. Under the Belgian model, Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have

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________ representation.
a. less
b. equal
c. unequal
d. no
33. Assertion (A): From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and
practices like the idea of la patrie and le citoyen.
Reason (R): This was done to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
34. Which one of the following is not a measure of development in the Human Development Report of the
UNDP?
a. None of these
b. Body mass index
c. Per capita income in US$
d. Life expectancy at birth
e. Education Levels of the people
35. All the panchayat Samitis or Mandals in a district together constitute the:
a. Village Cluster
b. Zilla Parishad
c. Block
d. Gram Panchayat
36. In 1815, representatives of the European powers Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria, who had
collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was
hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of
1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe. In which war
changes took place in Europe?
a. American war
b. Napoleonic war
c. Peninsular War
d. British war
37. Which sector is not affected even If we remove lots of people from there?
a. Agricultural sector
b. Private sector
c. Organized sector
d. Public sector
38. Which of the following neighboring countries has better performance in terms of human development
than India?
a. Bangladesh
b. Nepal
c. Pakistan
d. Sri Lanka
39. Assertion (A): Resources are free gifts of nature.
Reason (R): Resources like soil, air, water are easily available in nature.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

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b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.


c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
40. In what ways powers are shared between the state government and the central government in India?
a. mutual cooperation
b. conflict resolution
c. list system
d. decentralisation
41. Which of the following activity is not from the tertiary sector?
a. Fishing
b. Banking
c. Transportation
d. Communication
42. Identify the classification of resources on the basis of its origin.
a. exhaustible and non-exhaustible
b. renewable and non renewable
c. individual and community
d. biotic and abiotic
43. A large part of the Balkans was under the control of which Empire?
a. Ottoman
b. Russian
c. Dutch
d. Portuguese
44. The government in India buys wheat and rice from farmers at a fair price to:
a. Support the farmer
b. No other market is available
c. It is their duty
d. To earn profit
45. Assertion (A): In India, over the forty years between 1973-74 and 2013-14, while production in all the
three sectors has increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector.
Reason (R): Tertiary sector is the only organized sector in the economy so the government spends a lot
of money for creating jobs in the tertiary sector.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
46. In India, the third tier of the government is called:
a. Union or Central
b. Provincial or State
c. Panchayat or Municipality
d. Official or Public
Section C

Question No. 47 to 52 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the
questions:

During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists undergrounds.

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Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas. To
be revolutionary at this time meant a commitment to oppose monarchical forms that had been
established after the Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom. Most of these
revolutionaries also saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of this struggle for freedom.
One such individual was the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini. Born in Genoa in 1807, he became
a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. As a young man of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831
for attempting a revolution in Liguria. He subsequently founded two more underground societies, first,
Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-minded young
men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Mazzini believed that God had intended nations
to be the natural units of mankind. So Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and
kingdoms. It had to be forged into a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. This
unification alone could be the basis of Italian liberty. Following his model, secret societies were set up
in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his
vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives. Metternich described him as the most
dangerous enemy of our social order.

47. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to views of Giuseppe Mazzini?
i. He believed that nations are natural units of mankind.
ii. In his view, the creation of nation-states is a necessary part of the struggle for freedom.
iii. He believed in the creation of small states and kingdoms and wanted to further disintegrate them.
iv. He believed that unification is the basis of Italian liberty.
a. Option (iv)
b. Option (i)
c. Option (ii)
d. Option (iii)
48. Which one of the following statements is not true about Giuseppe Mazzini?
a. He wanted a united Italian Republic.
b. He founded an underground society called "Young Italy'.
c. He was exiled for attempting a revolution in Liguria.
d. He wanted Italy to be a monarchy.
49. Most of the revolutionaries saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of this struggle
for freedom. A nation-state is a state ________.
a. where the nation has its own emblem and flag
b. which has a non-contiguous territory
c. where people of all groups enjoy equal rights
d. where people develop a sense of identity and share a common history
50. Which of the following title best describes the given extract?
i. Visualising the Liberals.
ii. The Revolutionaries.
iii. The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling.
iv. Visualising the Nation.
a. Option (iii)
b. Option (i)
c. Option (ii)
d. Option (iv)
51. Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas:
a. spread the revolutionary ideas

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b. to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas


c. to oppose monarchical forms
d. to train revolutionaries
52. What was it like to be revolutionary during this time?
a. To aim to create nation-states
b. All of these
c. To oppose monarchical forms
d. To fight for liberty and freedom

Question No. 53 to 58 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the
questions:

Tea: Tea cultivation is an example of plantation agriculture. It is also an important beverage crop
introduced in India initiative by the British. Today, most of the tea plantations are owned by Indians.
The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-
drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require a warm and moist frost-
free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous
growth of tender leaves. Tea is a labor-intensive industry. It requires abundant, cheap and skilled
labour. Tea is processed within the tea garden to restore its freshness. Major tea-producing states are
Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Apart from
these, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and Tripura are also tea-producing
states in the country. In 2016 India was the second-largest producer of tea after China.

Coffee: Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality. The Arabica variety initially brought
from Yemen is produced in the country. This variety is in great demand all over the world. Initially, its
cultivation was introduced on the Baba Budan Hills and even today its cultivation is confined to the
Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

53. What is common between Tea and Coffee?


a. They are plantation crop
b. They grow in the hilly region
c. All of these
d. They are beverages
54. Which of the following conditions can spoil tea crops?
a. Deep fertile well-drained soil
b. Frequent rains widespread throughout the year
c. Clayey soil which has a high water-holding capacity
d. Warm, moist and frost-free climate
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55. India competes with ________ for its ________ of tea.
a. China, production
b. China, consumption
c. Yemen, production
d. Yemen, consumption
56. Taking a hint from the given picture identify what are these women engaged in?

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a. Sowing the tea and coffee seeds


b. Pruning tea bushes
c. Plucking coffee beans
d. Plucking tea leaves
57. In which of the following places coffee is not cultivated?
a. Karnataka
b. Kerala
c. Tamil Nadu
d. Telangana
58. Name the variety of coffee produced in India initially.
a. Robusta
b. None of these
c. Both Robusta and Arabica
d. Arabica
Section D

Question No. 59 to 60 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the
questions:
On the map of India, some places are labelled as A, B and C. Answer the questions below based on these
labels. (fig 8)

59. In this map (fig 8), label A represents:

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a. Bhakra Nangal Dam


b. Tehri Dam
c. Rana Pratap Sagar Dam
d. Salal Dam
60. In this map (fig 8), label B represents:
a. Uttar Pradesh - Major Wheat Producer
b. Himachal Pradesh - Major Wheat Producer
c. Punjab - Major Wheat Producer
d. Haryana - Major Wheat Producer

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Class 10 - Social Science


Sample Paper 01

Solution

Section A
1. (a) It is also known as Criminal Code
Explanation: Civil Code of 1804 - usually known as the Napoleonic Code - did away with all privileges
based on birth, established equality before the law, and secured the right to property.
2. (a) north eastern states
Explanation: Laterite soils are suitable for cultivation with adequate doses of manures and fertilizers.
These soils are mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of
Odisha and Assam. In north-eastern region different types of soil groups are found depending on
physiography and climate. In plains region a soil is broadly alluvial in character. The new alluvial soil
are mostly found in the riparian tracts of the valley and are subject to annual floods and renewal. They
are suitable for the cultivation of rice, jute, pulses, mustard, potato and vegetables. The new alluvial
sails are less acidic and are often neutral and even alkaline to slightly alkaline. The old alluvial soils are
found above the annual flood level and are more acidic. The acidic character of these soils makes them
suitable for tea plantation as well as for sugarcane, fruits, rice and vegetables. The flat land in the
plains of Tripura and Cachar is although consisting of sand, silt and clay in different proportions.
3. (b) Power shared among social groups
Explanation: ‘Reservation for women in the parliament’ is a good example of 'Power shared among
social groups'.
4. (b) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups
Explanation: Two different sets of reasons can be given in favour of power-sharing. Firstly, power-
sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social
conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power-sharing is a good way to ensure the
stability of political order.
5. (c) Municipal chairperson
Explanation: A Municipal Chairperson is the political head of the municipality. He inspects all the
records of the municipality and directs the secretary to submit all the records necessary for the
inspection by the government.
6. (a) Bihar
Explanation: Literacy rate measures the proportion of the literate population in the 7 and above age
group. Bihar has the least literacy rate with 62% while Haryana has 82% & Kerala has 94%.
7. (d) Control the rate of increase in population
Explanation: Population is the main problem for India, as more the population more the resources
required to satisfy their needs. As a result of the higher population per capita income will below.
Therefore controlling the rate of population is necessary for India in order to become a developed
country.
8. (b) Disguised unemployment
Explanation: In disguised unemployment, people are apparently working but all of them are made to
work less than their potential. Hence, it is hidden but not visible. This type of unemployment is mostly
found in the agricultural sector.
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9. (b) Sri Lankan Tamils

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Explanation: The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an
official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.
But their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied.
10. (d) Giuseppe Mazzini is the most dangerous enemy of our social order
Explanation: Metternich described Giuseppe Mazzini as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social
order’.
11. (a) 1797
Explanation: In 1797 ,Napolean invaded Italy and also Napoleonic wars begin.
12. (b) Zila Parishad
Explanation: Zila Parishad is a local government body at the district level in India. It looks after the
administration of the rural area of the district and its office is located at the district headquarters.
13. (a) The powers are misused often for their mutual benefit
Explanation: Key features of a Federal system:
i. There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
ii. Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own JURISDICTION in
specific matters of legislation, taxation, and administration.
iii. The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution. So
the existence and authority of each tier of government are constitutionally guaranteed.
14. (c) Gully erosion
Explanation: The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies
which result in erosion through the gullies. Gully erosion is the process by which gullies are formed.
Hillsides are more prone to gully erosion when they are cleared of vegetation, through deforestation,
over-grazing or other means.
15. (b) Union
Explanation: Union List includes subjects of national importance such as the defence of the country,
foreign affairs, banking, communications, and currency. They are included in this list because we need
a uniform policy on these matters throughout the country.
16. (d) Resources will deplete
Explanation: Sustainable use of non -renewable resources us necessary because any positive rate of
exploitation will eventually lead to the exhaustion of the earth's finite stock. Sustainable development
stresses the role of the environment as capital that, if exhausted, cannot be replaced. It requires the
preservation of human capital, physical capital, and natural capital.
17. (d) 12 nautical miles
Explanation: All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries,
and oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and
resources therein belong to the nation. Territorial waters or a territorial sea, as defined by the 2013
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12
nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal
state.
18. (b) 50 to 60
Explanation: In terms of GDP, the share of the tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between 50 to 60 percent.
Share of the tertiary sector in GDP has increased. This shows that the economy is moving on the path of
development.
19. (d) Treaty of Constantinople
Explanation: Under the Treaty of Constantinople Greece was identified as an independent nation. This
Treaty of Constantinople was a part of the conference of Constantinople of 1832 The two parties
involved in this Treaty Britain Russia and France were on one side and on another side was Ottoman

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Empire.
20. (a) North and East
Explanation: Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the north and east of the country.
21. (b) two
Explanation: Usually, a federation has two levels of government. The Central Government and the
State Government.
22. (d) WIPRO
Explanation: WIPRO is a private sector enterprise that is managed, controlled, and owned privately.
23. (d) Rabi
Explanation: Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from
April to June.
24. (c) The health of people
Explanation: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country's
overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions The social and economic dimensions of a
country are based on the health of people, their level of educational attainment and their standard of
living. It was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for
assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone.
Section B
25. (a) Employment is not secure
Explanation: Employment is not secured is a feature of the unorganised sector as workers in the
organized sector enjoy the security of employment. The rest of the three are features of organized
sector.
26. (c) Karol Kurpinski
Explanation: Even though Poland no longer existed as an independent territory, national feelings were
kept alive through music and language. For example, Karol Kurpinski celebrated the national struggle
through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist
symbols.
27. (a) Grinding of limestone for the cement industry
Explanation: The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for the cement industry generates a
heavy amount of dust and releases it in the atmosphere. It, later on, settles down in the surrounding
areas, affecting the infiltration of water and crop cultivation.
28. (d) French revolution
Explanation: From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and
practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
29. (d) 59%
Explanation: The ETHNIC composition of Belgium is very complex. Of the country’s total population,
59 percent live in the Flemish region and speaks the Dutch language.
30. (b) Average income
Explanation: Per capita income or average income measures the average income earned per person in
a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total
income by its total population. Per capita income is often used to measure a country's standard of
living.
31. (b) Gram sabha
Explanation: Gram Sabha is the decision-making body for the entire village. The panchayat works
under the overall supervision of the Gram Sabha.
32. (b) equal
Explanation: Under the Belgian model, Brussels has a separate government in which both the

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communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in
Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central
Government.
33. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The French Revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth
constitute the nation and shape its destiny. From the very beginning, the French Revolutionaries
introduced various measures and practices that would create a sense of collective identity amongst
the French people. The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the
notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
34. (b) Body mass index
Explanation: A country scores higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher,
and the GDP per capita is higher. The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq which
was further used to measure the country's development by the United Nations Development Program
(UNDP). Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to
adult men and women. It has nothing to do with the measurement of development.
35. (b) Zilla Parishad
Explanation: All the panchayat Samitis or Mandals in a district together constitute the Zilla (district)
Parishad. Most members of the Zilla Parishad are elected.
36. (b) Napoleonic war
Explanation: The Deligation drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of
the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which
had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories
it had annexed under Napoleon.
37. (a) Agricultural sector
Explanation: In the agricultural sector, we find that there are more people than required and there is
a lot of underemployment or disguised unemployment. so, even if we remove lots of people from there
then also productivity is not affected. Therefore we can say that the productivity of some people
working in the agricultural sector is zero.
38. (d) Sri Lanka
Explanation: Because Sri Lanka has better percapita income, life expectancy at birth and high literacy
rate for 15+ years population.
39. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: The assertion is wrong because resources are not free gifts of nature rather they are a
function of human activities. Humans transform materials available naturally in our environment into
resources and use them. Resources like soil, air, water are easily available in nature. The reason is a
correct statement.
40. (c) list system
Explanation: The Constitution clearly provided a threefold distribution of legislative powers between
the Union Government and the State Governments. Thus, it contains a system of three lists: Union,
State, and Concurrent.
41. (a) Fishing
Explanation: The tertiary sector consists of industries that provide a service, fishing does not provide
any service and is an activity of the primary sector. The rest of the activities are of the tertiary sector.
42. (d) biotic and abiotic
Explanation: On the Basis of Origin:
Biotic Resources: These are obtained from the biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora,
and fauna, fisheries, livestock, etc. Biotic resources affect the biosphere, community, individual of a

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species, population, biome. Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living
things are called abiotic resources. For example, rocks and metals. Abiotic resources affect the
population, individual of a species, ecosystem, community, and biosphere.
43. (a) Ottoman
Explanation: A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The spread of
the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the Ottoman
Empire made this region very explosive.
44. (a) Support the farmer
Explanation: The system of procurement is used by the Government of India to provide minimum
support prices to the farmers so as to stabilise farm output and income. This helps farmers to increase
their standard of living.
45. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Over the forty years between 1973-74 and 2013-14, while production in all the three
sectors has increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector. As a result, in the year 2013-14,
the tertiary sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector.
There are several reasons for increased production in tertiary sectors such as an increase in demand
for education, health, communication, and transportation, development of the agriculture
sector, increase in the level of income, and development of the information and technology
sector.
So, A is true but R is false.
46. (c) Panchayat or Municipality
Explanation: In India, we have a three-tier government. Union level, State level, and Local level
(Panchayati Raj).
Section C
47. (d) Option (iii)
Explanation: He believed in creation of small states and kingdoms and wanted to further disintegrate
them.
48. (d) He wanted Italy to be a monarchy.
Explanation: He wanted Italy to be a monarchy.
49. (d) where people develop a sense of identity and share a common history
Explanation: where people develop a sense of identity and share a common history
50. (c) Option (ii)
Explanation: The Revolutionaries.
51. (b) to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas
Explanation: Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread
their ideas.
52. (b) All of these
Explanation: To be revolutionary at this time meant a commitment to oppose monarchical forms that
had been established after the Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom. Most of these
revolutionaries also saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of this struggle for freedom.
53. (c) All of these
Explanation: All of these
54. (c) Clayey soil which has a high water-holding capacity
Explanation: Clayey soil which has a high water-holding capacity
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55. (a) China, production

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Explanation: China, production


56. (d) Plucking tea leaves
Explanation: Plucking tea leaves
57. (d) Telangana
Explanation: Telangana
58. (d) Arabica
Explanation: The Arabica variety initially brought from Yemen is produced in the country.
Section D
59. (b) Tehri Dam
Explanation: Tehri Dam
60. (d) Haryana - Major Wheat Producer
Explanation: Haryana - Major Wheat Producer

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