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Student’s Name

Professor’s Name

Course Number

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The Title of the Paper Capitalized and Centered

1.

a.

SS Within = SS Total - SS Between groups = 180 - 120 = 60

b.

df between = df Total - df Within = 15 - 12 = 3

c.

MS Between groups = SS Between groups / df Between = 120 / 3 = 40

d.

MS Within = SS Within / df Within = 60 / 12 = 5

F Ratio = MS Between groups / MS Within = 40 / 5 = 8

f.

Critical value of F at df = 3, 12 and 0.05 significance level are F cv = 3.49

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Since F Ratio > 3.49, p < 0.05

g.

et a2 = SS Between groups / SS Total = 120/180 = 0.67

h.

Number of levels of IV = df between + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4

i.

Total participants = df Total + 1 = 15 + 1 = 16

j.

Yes, we need a Tukey test to interpret the means.

k.

Since p < 0.05, there is a significant difference in means for different levels and we need a Tukey

test to interpret the means.

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2.

a)

One Way- Analysis of Variance or One Way ANOVA is the appropriate statistical test to be

done here. For the given test, only one independent variable involves. Hence we perform One

Way ANOVA test here

b)

Hypothesis:

H 0 :µ LD =µ MD =µ HD =µ control

H 1 : µ LD ≠ µ MD ≠ µ HD ≠ µcontrol

LD is Low difficulty; MD is Moderate difficulty and HD is High difficulty.

c)

From F-table with (3,20) degrees of freedom and at 0.001 significance level,

The critical value of the test statistic= 8.098

We reject H 0 if F obs > F α

where, F obs=7.823, F α =8.098

Here, 7.823 < 8.098. That is, F obs < F α

Hence, we fail to reject H 0.

H 0 :µ1=µ2=µ3 =µ 4

d)

n2 is the "effect size" which helps us to estimate how large is the difference between the means,

if exist.
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2 S Sbetween
That is, n =
S S total

48.500
= =0.551
89.833

n2 =0.551

e)

e: Given CD (Critical Difference) = 2.32 which is calculated by using Tukey HSD.

Now calculate mean difference between groups then compare from the critical difference.

1: Mean difference between LD and MD.

µLD −µ MD=7.33−5.33

µLD −µ MD=2.00

2: Mean difference between LD and HD.

µLD −µ H D =7.33−3.33

µLD −µ HD=4.00

3: Mean difference between LD and Control.

µLD −µCONTROL=7.33−5.67

µLD −µCONTROL=1.66

4: Mean difference between MD and HD.

µM D−µ HD=5.33−3.33

µMD −µ HD =2.00

5: Mean difference between MD and Control.

µMD −µ CONTROL=5.33−5.67

µMD −µ CONTROL=−0.34
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Then take absolute value:

|µMD −µCONTROL|=0.34
6: Mean difference between HD and Control.

µH D−µCONTROL=3.33−5.67

µHD −µ CONTROL=−2.34

|µH D−µCONTROL|=2.34
Now compare the critical difference to the mean differences.

If means difference greater than critical difference CD then we will say there is a significant

difference between the groups.

If means difference less than critical difference CD then we will say there is not a significant

difference between the groups.

Compare:

There is a significant difference in the mean of LD and HD because CD is less than from mean

difference between LD and HD.

There is a significant difference in the mean of HD and Control because CD is less than from

mean difference between HD and Control.

From anova:

F 3/20 = 7.823

Eta2 = SSbetween/SStotal = 48.5/89.833 = 0.5398

APA Style conclusion:

For Anova:

There is a significant difference between the four groups at the p<0.05, F(3,20)=7.823, p= 0.01

and eta2=0.5398.
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For Tukey HSD:

Using Tukey HSD test the mean score for the Low difficulty (M = 7.33, SD = 1.366) is

significantly different than the High difficulty (M = 3.33, SD = 1.751) and the High difficulty (M

= 3.33, SD = 1.751) is significantly differ from the Control