 Cebu – steamer which brought Rizal to

Dapitan

Father Pablo Pastells Father Antonio Obach

 “That Rizal publically retract his errors concerning
religion and make statements that were clearly pro-
Spanish against revolution.

 “That he perform the church rites and make a

general confession of his past life.

 “That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary

manner as a Spanish Subject and a man of religion”.
A Don Ricardo Carnicero
 poem which Rizal wrote for Captain
Carnicero on the occasion of
captain’s birthday August 26,1892
 Butuan – mail boat which brought the
news about Rizal’s winning in the lottery
 P20,000 – lottery prize
 P6,200 of it was given to Rizal
 P2,000 of his share he gave to his father and
 P200 to Basa in Hong Kong,
 the rest he invested thru purchasing
agricultural lands from the coast of Talisay
about kilameter away from Dapitan
 Three (3) pesetas – amount Rizal allotted
for lottery tickets every month
 “This was his first
Vice” – commented
Wenceslao E.
Retana, his first
Spanish biographer
and former enemy
 The debate started when Pastells sent
Rizal a book by Sarda along with an
advice that Rizal should desist from his
majaderas (foolishness) in viewing
religion from the perspective of
individual judgement and self-esteem
 The debate can be read in four (4) letters.
 Rizal was bitter against the friars because
they commit abuses under the cloak of
religion.
 Father Pastells tried to bring back to
Catholicism Rizal by telling him that human
intelligence is limited, thus he needs the
guidance of God
 Behind the
debate, Pastells and
Rizal were friends as
evidently pictured
when:
 1. Pastells gave Rizal a
copy of Imitacion
deCristo by Fr. Thomas
a Kempis
 2. Rizal gave
Pastells a bust of
St. Paul which he
had made Rizal
continued to hear
mass and
celebrate religious
events
Rizal Challenges a Frenchman to
a Duel
 Mr. Juan Lardet –
a French
businessman
whom Rizal had
a conflict
Rizal and Father Sanchez
 In his aspiration to reconcile Rizal with
theChurch, Father Pastells sent to Dapitan:

 1.Father Obach, Cura of Dapitan

 2.Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Cura of Dipolog
 3.Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez, Rizal’s
favorite teacher at Ateneo de Manila
Estudios sobre la lengua tagala
– manuscript which Rizal gave to
Sanchez on his birthday
(study of the tagalog language)
 Idyllic Life in Dapitan

 Among his family members who visited

Rizal were:
 1.His mother
 2.His sisters Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa
 3.Nephews Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio
and Prudencio
 Idyllic Life in Dapitan
 Rizal built a
house by the
seashore of
Talisay
surrounded by
fruit trees, a
school for
boys, and a
hospital for his
 Rizal’s Encounter with the
Friar’s Spy
Pablo Mercado – assumed name of
the spy who visited Rizal at his house
and pretended to be a relative by
showing a photo of Rizal and a pair
of buttons with the initials P.M. as
evidence of kinship.
 Rizal’s Encounter with the
Friar’s Spy
 The spy offered to be Rizal’s courier
of letters for the patriots in Manila. Rizal
became suspicious and wanted to throw
the spy outside but considering his values
and late hour of the night, he offered the
spy to spend the night at his house. The
next day, he sent the spy away
 Rizal’s Encounter with the
Friar’s Spy
 The spy stayed in Dapitan and spread talks
among the people that he was a relative to
Rizal.
 Rizal went to the comandancia and reported
thei mpostor to Captain Juan Sitges (successor
of Carnicero)
 Sitges ordered Pablo Mercado’s arrest and
told Anastacio Adriatico to investigate him
immediately.
 Rizal’s Encounter with the
Friar’s Spy
Florencio Namanan
a.k.a Pablo Mercado, singleand
about 30 years old who washired
by the Recollect friars to spyon
Rizal’s activities
 Rizal’s Encounter with the
Friar’s Spy
The secret mission of Pablo
Mercado was not an
assassination attempt but
espionage only.
As Physician in Dapitan
 As Physician in Dapitan
 Dona Teodora and Maria lived with
Rizal for a year and a half. It is here
when Rizal operated his mother’s right
eye. Though the operation was
successful, his mother had a wound
infection after ignoring Rizal’s instruction
of not removing the bandages.
However, the infection was
immediatelytreated
 As Physician in Dapitan
Don Ignacio Tumarong
Rizal’s patient who was able to
see again after his operation;
-he paid Rizal P3,000
 As Physician in Dapitan
Don Florencio Azcarraga
 rich hacendero of Aklan who
was cured of eye ailment, in turn
he gave Rizal a cargo of sugar.
 As Physician in Dapitan
Rizal prescribed medicinal
plants to his poor patients.
Water System for Dapitan
Water System for Dapitan
As a perito agrimensor (expert
surveyor), Rizalapplied his
engineering knowledge by
constructinga system of waterworks
to furnish clean water tothe
townspeople
Mr. H.F. Cameron –
American engineer
who praised Rizal for his
engineering ingenuity.
Community Projects for Dapitan
 Rizal had
 1.Drained the marshes to get rid of malaria that
was infesting Dapitan
 2.Equipped the town with lighting system using
P500 one of his patients paid him. The lighting
system consisted of: a.Coconut oil lamps
 3.Beautified the town of Dapitan by remodeling
the town plaza and making a huge relief map
of Mindanao out of earth, stones and grass
 Rizal as Teacher
Rizal established in Dapitan a
school. It began with 3 pupils who
increased to 16 and eventually 21.
16 of his pupils did not pay tuition.
Instead of charging them fees, Rizal
made them work in his gardens and
construction projects.
 Rizal as Teacher
Formal classes were between
2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. He also
applied the “emperor” system
like that of Ateneo
 Rizal as Teacher
 During recess, pupils built fires to drive
awayinsects, pruned fruit trees and
manured the soil.

 Outside class hours, students had

gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, stone-
throwing, swimming,arnis and boating
Hymn to Talisay
-A poem Rizal wrote in honor
of Talisay which he made his
pupils sing
 Contributions to Science
 Rizal sent
specimens he found
to the museum
of Europe
especially the
Dresden Museum.
In turn, he received
scientific books and
surgical instruments
 Contributions to Science
 He had
 1.Built up a rich collection of concology (consisting of
346 shells of 203 species)
 2.Discovered rare specimens like:
 a.Draco rizali(a flying dragon)
 b. Apogonia rizali(a small beetle)
 c.Rhacophorus rizali(a rare frog)
 3.Conducted
anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological, ge
ological and geographical studies.
 Linguistic Studies
Continuing his study of languages,
Rizal learned in Dapitan:
1.Bisayan
2.Subanum
3.Malay languages
 Linguistic Studies
 He knew by that time 22 languages as
follows
Tagalog, Malay, Ilokano, Hebrew, Bisaya
n, Sanskrit, Subanum, Dutch, Spanish, Ca
talan Latin, Italian
Greek, Chinese, English, Japanese, French
, Portuguese, German, Swedish, Arabic,
Russian
Artistic Works in Dapitan
 To pursue his artistic activities, Rizal
 1.Contributed paintings to the Sisters
of Charity who were preparing the
sanctuary of the Holy Virgin
 2.Made sketches of persons and things
that attracted him in Dapitan
Artistic Works in Dapitan
 3.Modeled a statuette called “The Mother’s
Revenge” to stress the moral of the incident
where a puppy of his dog, Syria, was eaten by
a crocodile
 4.Constructed a statue of a girl called “The
Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine
Bracken (Rizal’s wife)
 5.Made a bust of St. Paul for Father Pastells
 Rizal as Farmer
 Rizal acquired total land holdings of 70 hectares
where 6,000 hemp plants, 1,000 coconut trees
and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee
and cacao were planted.
 He planned to establish an agricultural colony in
Sitio Ponot because it was ideal for raising
cacao, coffee, coconuts and cattle. However, this
did not materialize due to lack of support from
the government
 Rizal as Businessman

Ramon Carreon – Rizal’s business

partner in Dapitan Rizal made
profitable business ventures in
fishing,copra and hemp industries.
Hemp industry – Rizal’s most
profitable business
 Rizal as Businessman

 Once he shipped 150 bales of hemp to

Manila. He purchased hemp in Dapitan
at P7 and 4 reales per picul and he sold
it to Manila at P10 and 4 reales.
 Rizal also engaged in lime
manufacturing. Their lime burner had a
monthly capacity of more than400 bags
of lime
 Rizal as Businessman

He organized the Cooperative

Association of Dapitan Farmers
to break Chinese monopoly
 Rizal’s Inventive Ability

Among Rizal’s inventions were:

1.Cigarette lighter which he sent as a
gift to Blumentritt called “sulpukan”
2.A wooden machine for making
bricks
 “My Retreat”
Upon restoring her eyesight, Dona
Teodora returned to Manila. Seeing
how busy Rizal is, she regretted
neglecting her muses. She requested
Rizal to write poetry. As a response,
Rizal wrote “Mi Retiro” relating his
serene life as an exile in Dapitan
Rizal and Josephine Bracken

the death of Leonor Rivera left a

poignant void in Rizal’s heart. In his
loneliness, he met Josephine
 Rizal and Josephine Bracken

 josephine Bracken
– Irish girl of sweet
eighteen who was
born on Hong
Kong.
Rizal and Josephine Bracken

 James Bracken and Elizabeth Jane

MacBride – Josephine’s parents who are
both Irish in citizenship
 Mr. George Taufer – man who adopted
Josephine after her mother died of
childbirth
Rizal and Josephine Bracken

Mr. Taufer became blind so he

sought for an ophthalmic specialist.
This is how Josephine and Rizal met.
Manuela Orlac – Filipina companion
who accompanied Josephine
Bracken to Dapitan.
Rizal and Josephine Bracken

Rizal and Josephine Bracken decided

to get married but Father Obach
refused to marry them without the
permission of Bishop of Cebu.
Rizal and Josephine Bracken

Hearing of the planned marriage

and unable to endure the thought of
losing Josephine, Mr. Taufer tried to
commit suicide by cutting off his
throat with a razor but Rizal was
able to prevent this.
Rizal and Josephine Bracken
 To avoid a tragedy, Josephine
accompanied Mr. Taufer back to Manila.
Mr. Taufer returned to Hong Kong alone
while Josephine stayed with the Rizals in
Manila.
 Having no priests to marry them, Rizal
and Josephine married themselves before
the eyes of God
Rizal and Josephine Bracken

 The two were happy for they were

expecting for a baby. However, Rizal
played a prank on Josephine making her
give birth to an eight-month baby boy.
The baby lived for only three hours. He
was named “Francisco” in honor of
Rizal’s father.
 Rizal and the Katipunan
Pio Valenzuela – emissary to
Dapitan in order to inform Rizal of
the plan of Katipunan during the
meeting at a little river called
Bitukang Manok.
Venus – steamer Valenzuela
boarded to reach Dapitan
Rizal and the Katipunan
 Raymundo Mata – blind man who came
withValenzuela to camouflage his mission

 Rizal objected Bonifacio’s project because:

 1.The people are not ready for a revolution
 2.Arms and funds must first be
collected before raising the cry of revolution.
Volunteers as Military Doctor
in Cuba
When Cuba was under revolution
and raging yellow fever epidemic,
Rizal wrote to Governor General
Ramon Blanco offering his services as
military doctor.
 Volunteers as Military Doctor
in Cuba
Governor Blanco later notified Rizal
of the acceptance of the offer. The
notification came along with an
instruction of acquiring first a pass
for Manila from the politico-military
commander of Dapitan.
 “The Song of the Traveler”

Upon receiving the acceptance of his

offer to go to Europe then to Cuba
to help in the curing of patients
suffering yellow fever, he wrote a
poem “El Canto del Viajero”
 Adios, Dapitan
 España – steamer which brought Rizal to Manila
from Dapitan
 Rizal was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa,
Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter), his three nephews
and six pupils.
 As farewell, the town brass of Dapitan played the
dolorous Funeral March of Chopin.
 He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days
and a few hours.