Rizal’s Exile

in Dapitan
Prepared by: Benz Karim
 • Rizal was brought under a maximum
security to the steamer S.S. Cebu headed
by Capt. Delgras on the 15th of July,
1892, which sailed to Dapitan.
• Rizal carried a letter by Father Pablo
Pastells, Superior of the Jesuit Society in
the Philippines, to Father Antonio Obach,
Jesuit missionary in Dapitan.

Fr . Pablo Pastells Fr. Antonio Obach

Father Superior Pastells informed Father Obach that Rizal
could live at the parish convent on the following conditions:

1.That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning

religion, and make statements that were clearly pro-
Spanish and against revolution.

2.That he perform the church rites and make a

general confession of his past life.

3.That henceforth he conduct himself in an

exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of
religion.
 However, Rizal
did not agree . . .
Consequently . . .
• He lived in the house of the commandant,
Captain Carnicero.

 The relations between

Carnicero and Rizal were warm
and friendly.
 Rizal admired the kind, generous
Spanish captain.

 He then wrote a poem, A Don

Ricardo Carnicero, on August 26,
1892 on the occasion of the
captain's birthday.

Capitan Ricardo Carnicero

Home of Commandant
Carnicero
Wins in Manila Lottery
On September 21, 1892 the mail boat Butuan was approaching the town
of Dapitan carrying a Lottery ticket No. 9736 jointly owned by Captain
Carnicero, Dr. Rizal and Francisco Equilior won the second prize of P20,000 in
the government-owned Manila Lottery.

P 20 000

P 6 200 Rizal's share

Rest of his
P 2 000 P 200 money

He invested by
He gave to To Basa in purchasing agricultural
his father Hong Kong lands along the
coast of Talisay.
Wins in Manila Lottery

Three (3) pesetas – amount

Rizal allotted for lottery
tickets every month

"This was his only vice,"

commented Wenceslao E.
Retana, his first Spanish
biographer and former
enemy.
Rizal-Pastells Debate on Religion

 The debate started when Pastells sent Rizal a book

by Sarda along with an advice that Rizal should desist
from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion
from the perspective of individual judgement and self-
esteem.

 The debate can be read in four (4) letters. Rizal was

bitter against the friars because they commit abuses
under the cloak of religion. Father Pastells tried to
bring back to Catholicism Rizal by telling him that
human intelligence is limited, thus he needs the
guidance of God.
Rizal-Pastells Debate on Religion
Behind the debate, Pastells and Rizal were
friends as evidently pictured when:

 Pastells gave Rizal a copy of

Imitacion de Cristo by Fr. Thomas
Kempis.

 Rizal gave Pastells a bust of St. Paul

which he had made Rizal continued to
hear mass and celebrate religious
events.
Rizal Challenges a Frenchman to a Duel

Mr. Juan Lardet – a

French businessman
whom Rizal had a
conflict.
 Rizal and Father Sanchez

In his aspiration to reconcile Rizal with the Church,

Father Pastells sent to Dapitan:

1. Father Obach, Cura of Dapitan

2. Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Cura of
Dipolog
3. Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez,
Rizal’s favorite teacher at Ateneo
de Manila

• Estudios sobre la lengua tagala –

Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez
manuscript which Rizal gave to Sanchez
on his birthday (Study of the Tagalog
language)
Idyllic Life in Dapitan
Among his family members who visited Rizal were:
1. His mother
2. His sisters Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa
3. Nephews Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio

Rizal built a house by the

seashore of Talisay surrounded
by fruit trees, a school for boys,
and a hospital for his patients.
Rizal’s Encounter with the Friar’s Spy

o Pablo Mercado – assumed name of the spy who visited Rizal at his house and
pretended to be a relative by showing a photo of Rizal and a pair of buttons
with the initials P.M. as evidence of kinship.

oThe spy offered to be Rizal’s courier of letters for the patriots in Manila.
Rizal became suspicious and wanted to throw the spy outside but considering his
values and late hour of the night, he offered the spy to spend the night at his
house. The next day, he sent the spy away.

oThe spy stayed in Dapitan and spread talks among the people that he was a
relative to Rizal. Rizal went to the comandancia and reported the impostor to
Captain Juan Sitges (successor of Carnicero) Sitges ordered Pablo Mercado’s
arrest and told Anastacio Adriatico to investigate him immediately.

o Florencio Namanan a.k.a Pablo Mercado, single and about 30 years old who was
hired by the Recollect friars to spy on Rizal’s activities .The secret mission of
Pablo Mercado was not an assassination attempt but espionage only.
Rizal as a Physician
 Rizal as a Physician
 Dona Teodora and Maria lived with Rizal for a year and
a half. It is here when Rizal operated his mother’s right
eye. Though the operation was successful, his mother had
a wound infection after ignoring Rizal’s instruction of not
removing the bandages. However, the infection was
immediately treated.
 Don Ignacio Tumarong Rizal’s patient who was able to
see again after his operation;-he paid Rizal P3,000
 Don Florencio Azcarraga, rich haciendero of Aklan who
was cured of eye ailment, in turn he gave Rizal a cargo of
sugar.
 Rizal prescribed medicinal plants to his poor patients.
Rizal as an Engineer
• As a perito agrimensor (expert surveyor), Rizal
applied his engineering knowledge by constructing a
system of waterworks to furnish clean water to the
townspeople.

Talisay Water System

Rizal as an Engineer
 Mr. H.F. Cameron, an American engineer who praised
Rizal for his engineering ingenuity.

 Rizal had drained the marshes to get rid of malaria

that was infesting Dapitan; equipped the town with
lighting system using P500 one of his patients paid him.
The lighting system consisted of Coconut oil lamps;
beautified the town of Dapitan by remodelling the town
plaza and making a huge relief map of Mindanao out of
earth, stones and grass.
Rizal as an Educator
Rizal as an Educator
 Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It began with 3 pupils
who increased to 16 and eventually 21. 16 of his pupils did not
pay tuition. Instead of charging them fees, Rizal made them
work in his gardens and construction projects.

 Formal classes were between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. He

also applied the “emperor” system like that of Ateneo.

 During recess, pupils built fires to drive away insects,

pruned fruit trees and manured the soil. Outside class hours,
students had gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, stone- throwing,
swimming, arnis and boating.

 Hymn to Talisay - a poem Rizal wrote in honor of Talisay

which he made his pupils sing.
Rizal as a Scientist
Contributions to Science
Rizal sent specimens he found to the museum of
Europe especially the Dresden Museum. In turn,
he received scientific books and surgical
instruments.
 He had built up a rich collection
of conchology (consisting of 346
shells of 203 species)

He had discovered rare specimens like:

Apogonia rizali
( a small beetle)

Draco rizali (a
Rhacophorus rizali
flying dragon)
(a rare frog)
Rizal as a Linguist
Rizal as a Linguist
 Continuing his study of languages, Rizal learned in
Dapitan:

1.Bisayan
2.Subanun
3.Malay languages

 He knew by that time 22 languages as follows Tagalog, Malay,

Ilokano, Hebrew, Bisayan, Sanskrit, Subanun, Dutch, Spanish,
Catalan Latin, Italian, Greek, Chinese, English, Japanese, French
, Portuguese, German, Swedish, Arabic, Russian.
Rizal as an Artist
To pursue his artistic activities, Rizal:
1. Contributed paintings to the Sisters of Charity who were
preparing the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin.

2. Made sketches of persons and things that attracted him in

Dapitan.
3.Modeled a statuette called “The
Mother’s Revenge” to stress the
moral of the incident where a
puppy of his dog, Syria, was eaten
by a crocodile.

4.Constructed a statue of a girl called “The

Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine
Bracken.

5.Made a bust of St. Paul for Father Pastells .

Rizal as Farmer
 Rizal as Farmer
 Rizal acquired total land holdings of 70 hectares where
6,000 hemp plants, 1,000 coconut trees and numerous
fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao were
planted.

 He planned to establish an agricultural colony in Sitio

Ponot because it was ideal for raising cacao, coffee,
coconuts and cattle. However, this did not materialize due
to lack of support from the government.
Rizal as Businessman
 Rizal as Businessman
 Ramon Carreon – Rizal’s business partner in Dapitan Rizal made
profitable business ventures in fishing, copra and hemp industries.

 Hemp industry – Rizal’s most profitable business.

 Once he shipped 150 bales of hemp to Manila. He purchased hemp in

Dapitan at P7 and 4 reales per picul and he sold it to Manila at P10 and
4 reales.

 Rizal also engaged in lime manufacturing. Their lime burner had a

monthly capacity of more than 400 bags of lime.

 He organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to

break Chinese monopoly.
Rizal as Inventor
 Rizal as Inventor
Among Rizal’s inventions were:

1. Cigarette lighter which he sent

as a gift to Blumentritt called
“sulpukan”

2. A wooden machine for

making bricks.
 “My Retreat”
Upon restoring her eyesight, Dona Teodora
returned to Manila. Seeing how busy Rizal is, she
regretted neglecting her muses. She requested
Rizal to write poetry. As a response, Rizal wrote
“Mi Retiro” relating his serene life as an exile in
Dapitan.
Rizal and Josephine Bracken
The death of Leonor Rivera left a poignant void in Rizal’s heart.
In his loneliness, he met Josephine…

 Irish girl

born in Hong Kong.

James Bracken and

Elizabeth Jane MacBride –
Josephine’s parents who are
both Irish in citizenship.

Josephine Bracken
Mr. George Taufer…

Mr. George Taufer – man who

adopted Josephine after her
mother died of childbirth.

 Mr. Taufer became blind so he

sought for an ophthalmic
specialist.
Rizal and Josephine Bracken

 Manuela Orlac – Filipina companion who accompanied

Josephine Bracken to Dapitan.

 Rizal and Josephine Bracken decided to get married but

Father Obach refused to marry them without the
permission of Bishop of Cebu.

 Hearing of the planned marriage and unable to endure

the thought of losing Josephine, Mr. Taufer tried to
commit suicide by cutting off his throat with a razor but
Rizal was able to prevent this.
Rizal and Josephine Bracken
o To avoid a tragedy, Josephine accompanied Mr. Taufer back
to Manila. Mr. Taufer returned to Hong Kong alone while
Josephine stayed with the Rizals in Manila. Having no priests
to marry them, Rizal and Josephine married themselves
before the eyes of God

o The two were happy for they were expecting for a baby.
However, Rizal played a prank on Josephine making her give
birth to an eight-month baby boy. The baby lived for only
three hours. He was named “Francisco” in honor of Rizal’s
father.
 Rizal and the Katipunan
 Pio Valenzuela – emissary to Dapitan in
order to inform Rizal of the plan of
Katipunan during the meeting at a little
river called Bitukang Manok.

 Venus – steamer Valenzuela boarded

to reach Dapitan.

 Raymundo Mata – blind man who came

with Valenzuela to camouflage his
mission. Rizal objected Bonifacio’s
project because: 1.The people are not
ready for a revolution. 2. Arms and
funds must first be collected before
raising the cry of revolution.
Volunteers as Military Doctor in Cuba

 When Cuba was under revolution and

raging yellow fever epidemic, Rizal
wrote to Governor General Ramon
Blanco offering his services as military
doctor.

 Governor Blanco later notified Rizal

of the acceptance of the offer. The
notification came along with an
instruction of acquiring first a pass for
Manila from the politico-military
commander of Dapitan.

Governor General Ramon Blanco

“The Song of the Traveler”

 Upon receiving the acceptance of his offer to go to

Europe then to Cuba to help in the curing of patients
suffering yellow fever, he wrote a poem “El Canto del
Viajero”.
 España – steamer which brought Rizal to Manila from
Dapitan. Rizal was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa,
Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter), his three nephews and six
pupils.

 As farewell, the town brass of Dapitan played the

dolorous Funeral March of Chopin. He stayed in Dapitan for
four years, thirteen days and a few hours.
The End…