LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able

to:
1. Analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s
execution.
2. Analyze the effects of Rizal’s execution on
Spanish colonial rule and the Philippine
Revolution.
 July 14, 1892

• 10:00 in the evening was Jose Rizal’s schedule to

leave Fort Santiago.

• 1:00 in the morning Jose Rizal boarded the

ferryboat “Cebu” bound to Dapitan.

 The captain of the ship gave him prime

cabin marked as “jefes” which means
commanding officer.
 • Rizal was brought under a maximum
security to the steamer S.S. Cebu headed
by Capt. Delgras on the 15th of July,
1892, which sailed to Dapitan.
July 17, 1892

•The ferry boat “Cebu”

arrived in Dapitan.

•He met Ricardo Carnicero

who offered him to live
either in his house or at
Jesuit Mission house.
Bust of Dr. Ricardo Carnicero - Clay
Made in Dapitan, By: Jose Rizal
(1892 - 1893)
 Rizal carried a letter from the Superior of the
Jesuit Society of the Philippines, Father Pablo Pastells.
The said letter is to be given to the Jesuit Parish
Priest in Dapitan, Father Antonio Obach.

Father Pablo Pastells Father Antonio Obach

 In the letter, the superior said that Rizal
could stay and live in the parish , BUT there are
conditions provided:

1. That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning

religion, and make statements that were clearly
pro-Spanish and against revolution.

2. That he perform the church rites and make a

general confession of his past life.

3. That henceforth he conduct himself in an

exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a
man of religion.
did not agree . . .
 Rizal did not agree with these
conditions.

Therefore, Rizal decided to stay at

the place of Captain Ricardo Carnicero.

Captain Carnicero who is the

warden that assigned to look after Rizal
became good friends.
Jose Rizal decided to stay to stay at the
house of Ricardo Carnicero where he was
told to oversee his activities daily. He ordered
his people to closely observe Rizal.
Rizal was given freedom to go anywhere
and even permitted to cultivate the land
near the plaza.
At least once a week, Rizal is reporting to the
Captain.
the captain was delighted with Rizal’s fine
personality and quality as a person.
Rizalalso admired the kind and generous
Spanish Captain.
Consequently . . .
He lived in the house of the commandant,
Captain Carnicero.

 The relations between

Carnicero and Rizal were warm
and friendly.
 Rizal admired the kind, generous
Spanish captain.
 He then wrote a poem, A Don
Ricardo Carnicero, on August 26,
1892 on the occasion of the
captain's birthday.

Capitan Ricardo Carnicero

 July 25, 1892
• Rizal wrote to his mother in Hong Kong
about his Exile in Dapitan.

“In these days of lack of communication,

travel, and deportion, I’m greatly worried
thinking of you, and for this reason I hasten
to write to you to tell you that I am well here
as if I were on a vacation in this politico-
military district. I don’t miss anything except
my family and freedom.”
 August 26,1892
• Rizal composed a poem for his

commandant’s birthday.
 August 30,1892
• Ricardo Carnicero informed Governor
General Eulogio Despujol that Jose Rizal
wanted reforms in the Philippines but does
not want friars to be evicted.
 September 21, 1892
• Capt. Carcinero submitted another report
to Gov. General Despujol informing him
about reforms, these were freedom of
religion and of the press.
 Lottery

Three (3) pesetas - amount

Rizal allotted for lottery
tickets every month

"This was his only vice,"

commented Wenceslao E.
Retana, his first Spanish
biographer and former
enemy.
 September 21,1892

• Rizal won in Manila Lottery.

•Informant of the said event used the mail

boat “Butuan” to reach Dapitan.

•Lottery Ticket number 9736 won second

prize amounting Twenty Thousand Pesos.

•The lottery Ticket which was not owned by

Rizal because it was jointly owned by him,
Captain Carnicero
resident of Dipolog.
and Franciso Equilor a
Wins in Manila Lottery
On September 21, 1892 the mail boat Butuan was approaching the town
of Dapitan carrying a Lottery ticket No.9736 jointly owned by Captain
Carnicero, Dr. Rizal and Francisco Equilior won the second prize of P20,000 in
the government-owned Manila Lottery.

P 20 000

P 6 200

Rest of his
P 2 000 P 200 money
He invested by
He gave to To Basa in purchasing agricultural
his father Hong Kong lands along the
coast of Talisay.
• Php 20,000 was divided to the 3 of them, so
Php 6,200 was the amount given to each of
them in which Rizal used to:
1. Gave the amount of Php 2,000 to his
father who was still in Hong Kong.

2. Gave the amount of Php 200 to his friend

Basa, who was based in Hong Kong.
3. The rest he invested thru purchasing a
piece of land in Talisay to build his
three
bamboo, another hexagonal type made of
houses,
wood onelast
and the square type madeshape
was octagonal of
made of nipa.
January 1893, Jose Rizal Told Ricardo Carnicero to stay in
his own house. Rizal’s house was completed March where
was able to cultivate lanzones, mango, macopa, langka,
santol, mangosteen and cocoa trees.
Casa Redonda Piqueña is a replica of the hexagonal
poultry of Rizal. Restored to its original hexagonal form
with similar materials as the other huts, the poulty house
is big enough to accommodate a few dozen chickens.
 -Pastells Debate on Religion

 The debate started when Pastells sent Rizal a book

by Sarda along with an advice that Rizal should desist
from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion
from the perspective of individual judgement and self-
esteem.

 The debate can be read in four (4) letters. Rizal was

bitter against the friars because they commit abuses
under the cloak of religion. Father Pastells tried to
bring back to Catholicism Rizal by telling him that
human intelligence is limited, thus he needs the
guidance of God.
 In his aspiration to reconcile Rizal with the Church,
Father Pastells sent to Dapitan:

1. Father Obach, Cura of Dapitan

2. Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Cura of
Dipolog
3. Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez,
Rizal’s favorite teacher at Ateneo
de Manila

• Estudios sobre la lengua tagala - Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez

manuscript which Rizal gave to Sanchez
on his birthday (Study of the Tagalog
language)
 -Pastells Debate on Religion

Behind the debate, Pastells and Rizal were

friends as evidently pictured when:

 Pastells gave Rizal a copy of

Imitacion de Cristo by Fr. Thomas
Kempis.

 Rizal gave Pastells a bust of St. Paul

which he had made Rizal continued to
hear mass and celebrate religious
events.
Mr. Juan Lardet - a
French businessman
whom Rizal had a
conflict.
Among his family members who visited Rizal were:
1. His mother
2. His sisters Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa
3. Nephews Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio

Rizal built a house by the

seashore of Talisay surrounded
by fruit trees, a school for boys,
and a hospital for his patients.
o Pablo Mercado - assumed name of the spy who visited Rizal at his house and
pretended to be a relative by showing a photo of Rizal and a pair of buttons
with the initials P.M. as evidence of kinship.
oThe spy offered to be Rizal’s courier of letters for the patriots in Manila.
Rizal became suspicious and wanted to throw the spy outside but considering his
values and late hour of the night, he offered the spy to spend the night at his
house. The next day, he sent the spy away.

oThe spy stayed in Dapitan and spread talks among the people that he was a
relative to Rizal. Rizal went to the comandancia and reported the impostor to
Captain Juan Sitges (successor of Carnicero) Sitges ordered Pablo Mercado’s
arrest and told Anastacio Adriatico to investigate him immediately.

o Florencio Namanan a.k.a Pablo Mercado, single and about 30 years old who was
hired by the Recollect friars to spy on Rizal’s activities .The secret mission of
Pablo Mercado was not an assassination attempt but espionage only.
Casa Redonda is a replica of the octagonal clinic of Rizal.
Reconstructed with similar materials as the main house, it
now stands as a reminder of the numerous medications
performed by Rizal during his exile in Dapitan. It was also
here where he removed his mother’s cataracts.
 Casitas de Salud are replicas of the hospital houses
of Rizal and composed of two little huts with a floor
area of 70 square feet. Each hut, one for male and the
other for female, could accommodate two patients.
He practiced medicine in Dapitan and
gave the people free medicines.

 August 1893 - her mother, her sister

Trinidad and his nephew Angelica arrived
in Dapitan. They Lived with him for almost
one and a half year.

He operated succesfully the eyes of his

mother.

He had many patients not only in

Dapitan but from the neighboring towns
as well.
 Rizal as a Physician
Dona Teodora and Maria lived with Rizal . It is here when
Rizal operated his mother’s right
eye. Though the operation was successful, his mother had
a wound infection
removing after ignoring
the bandages. Rizal’s
However, theinstruction
infection of
wasnot
immediately treated.
 Don Ignacio Tumarong Rizal’s patient who was able to
see again after his operation;-he paid Rizal P3,000
 Don Florencio Azcarraga, rich haciendero of Aklan who
was cured of eye ailment, in turn he gave Rizal a cargo of
sugar.
 Rizal prescribed medicinal plants to his poor patients.
There was a time when a wealthy
englishman went to his clinic and
removed his cataract where he was paid
Php 500. The money he received was
used to put up lamps in their streets.

When his mother left with Trinidad, his two

sisters Maria and Narcisa together with his
nephews arrived in Dapitan.

Unfortunately, his father could not travel

to Dapitan because of his detoriating
condition.
Rizal told Blumentritt in a letter that his
father
“was growing weaker and weaker by
the day”

To his sister Josefa he said:

“Tell our father that I should like to see
him; I hope we shall see one another very
soon. Kiss himthe hand for me.”
• As a perito agrimensor (expert surveyor), Rizal
applied his engineering knowledge by constructing a
system of waterworks to furnish clean water to the
townspeople.

Talisay Water System

Rizal as an Engineer
Mr. H.F. Cameron, an American engineer who praised
Rizal for his engineering ingenuity.

 Rizal had drained the marshes to get rid of malaria

that was infesting Dapitan; equipped the town with
lighting system using P500 one of his patients paid him.
The lighting system consisted of Coconut oil lamps;
beautified the town of Dapitan by remodelling the town
plaza and
earth, making
stones andagrass.
huge relief map of Mindanao out of
Casa Cuadrada is a replica of the pupils’
classroom.
Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It
began with 3 pupils who increased to 16 and
eventually 21.
He didn’t ask the students for payment but
instead ask them to help in his projects, farms
and garden.
He taught themSpanish, English,
Mathematics and how to work.
His class started after lunch until 4:00 in the
afternoon
Rizal as an Educator
Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It began with 3 pupils
who increased to 16 and eventually 21. 16 of his pupils did not
pay tuition. Instead of charging them fees, Rizal made them
work in his gardens and construction projects.

 Formal classes were between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. He

also applied the “emperor” system like that of Ateneo.

 During recess, pupils built fires to drive away insects,

pruned fruit trees and manured the soil. Outside class hours,
students had gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, stone- throwing,
swimming, arnis and boating.
 Hymn to Talisay - a poem Rizal wrote in honor of Talisay
which he made his pupils sing.
 Rizal found Mindanao as a rich virgin
field for collecting Specimens. Together
with his students they explored on jungles
and coasts to seek for some specimens
which will be sent to Europe and in return
the European Scientist will send them
Scientific equipment.
 During his 4-year stay in Dapitan, he
were able to built up a rich collection of
oncology which consists of 346 shells
representing 203 species.
He was able to discover
rare species named after
him. These were the:
1. flying dragon
(DracoRizali)
2. Small beetle (Apogonia
Rizali)
3. toad (Rachophorous
Rizali)
Rizal sent specimens he found to the museum of
Europe especially the Dresden Museum. In turn,
he received scientific books and surgical
instruments.
 had built up a rich collection
of conchology (consisting of 346
shells of 203 species)

He had discovered rare specimens like:

Apogonia rizali
( a small beetle)

Draco rizali (a
Rhacophorus rizali
flying dragon)
(a rare frog)
Rizal as a Linguist
Continuing his study of languages, Rizal learned in
Dapitan:

1.Bisayan
2.Subanun
3.Malay languages

 He knew by that time 22 languages as follows Tagalog, Malay,

Ilokano, Hebrew, Bisayan, Sanskrit, Subanun, Dutch, Spanish,
Catalan Latin, Italian, Greek, Chinese, English, Japanese, French
, Portuguese, German, Swedish, Arabic, Russian.
 pursue his artistic activities, Rizal:
1. Contributed paintings to the Sisters of Charity who were
preparing the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin.

2. Made sketches of persons and things that attracted him in

Dapitan.
3.Modeled a statuette called “The
Mother’s Revenge” to stress the
moral of the incident where a
puppy of his dog, Syria, was eaten
by a crocodile.

4.Constructed a statue of a girl called “The

Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine
Bracken.
5.Made a bust of St. Paul for Father Pastells .
 Rizal as Farmer
Rizal acquired total land holdings of 70 hectares where
6,000 hemp plants, 1,000 coconut trees and numerous
fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao were
planted.
 He planned to establish an agricultural colony in Sitio
Ponot because it was ideal for raising cacao, coffee,
coconuts and cattle. However, this did not materialize due
to lack of support from the government.
Rizal as Businessman
 Ramon Carreon - Rizal’s business partner in Dapitan Rizal made
profitable business ventures in fishing, copra and hemp industries.

 Hemp industry - Rizal’s most profitable business.

 Once he shipped 150 bales of hemp to Manila. He purchased hemp in

Dapitan at P7 and 4 reales per picul and he sold it to Manila at P10 and
4 reales.

 Rizal also engaged in lime manufacturing. Their lime burner had a

monthly capacity of more than 400 bags of lime.

 He organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to

break Chinese monopoly.
Rizal as Inventor
Among Rizal’s inventions were:

1. Cigarette lighter which he sent

as a gift to Blumentritt called
“sulpukan”

2. A wooden machine for

making bricks.
Upon restoring her eyesight, Dona Teodora
returned to Manila. Seeing how busy Rizal is, she
regretted neglecting her muses. She requested
Rizal to write poetry. As a response, Rizal wrote
“Mi Retiro” relating his serene life as an exile in
Dapitan.
In his loneliness, he met Josephine…

 Irish girl

born in Hong Kong.

James Bracken and

Elizabeth Jane MacBride -
Josephine’s parents who are
both Irish in citizenship.

Josephine Bracken
Mr. George Taufer…

Mr. George Taufer - man who

adopted Josephine after her
mother died of childbirth.

 Mr. Taufer became blind so he

sought for an ophthalmic
specialist.
Rizal and Josephine Bracken

 Manuela Orlac - Filipina companion who accompanied

Josephine Bracken to Dapitan.

Rizal and Josephine Bracken decided to get married but

Father Obach refused to marry them without the
permission of Bishop of Cebu.

 Hearing of the planned marriage and unable to endure

the thought of losing Josephine, Mr. Taufer tried to
commit suicide by cutting off his throat with a razor but
Rizal was able to prevent this.
Rizal and Josephine Bracken
o To avoid a tragedy, Josephine accompanied Mr. Taufer back
to Manila. Mr. Taufer returned to Hong Kong alone while
Josephine stayed with the Rizals in Manila. Having no priests
to marry them, Rizal and Josephine married themselves
before the eyes of God
The two were happy for they were expecting for a baby.
However, Rizal played a prank on Josephine making her give
birth to an eight-month baby boy. The baby lived for only
three hours. He was named “Francisco” in honor of Rizal’s
father.
 Pio Valenzuela - emissary to Dapitan in
order to inform Rizal of the plan of
Katipunan during the meeting at a little
river called Bitukang Manok.

 Venus - steamer Valenzuela boarded

to reach Dapitan.

 Raymundo Mata - blind man who came

with Valenzuela to camouflage his
mission. Rizal objected Bonifacio’s
project because: 1.The people are not
ready for a revolution. 2. Arms and
funds must first be collected before
raising the cry of revolution.
 When Cuba was under revolution and
raging yellow fever epidemic, Rizal
wrote to Governor General Ramon
Blanco
doctor.offering his services as military

 Governor Blanco later notified Rizal

of the acceptance of the offer. The
notification came along with an
instruction of acquiring first a pass for
Manila from the politico-military
commander of Dapitan.

Governor General Ramon Blanco

“The Song of the Traveler”

Upon receiving the acceptance of his offer to go to

Europe then to Cuba to help in the curing of patients
suffering yellow fever, he wrote a poem“El Canto del
Viajero”.
 España - steamer which brought Rizal to Manila from
Dapitan. Rizal was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa,
Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter), his three nephews and six
pupils.
 As farewell, the town brass of Dapitan played the
dolorous Funeral March of Chopin. He stayed in Dapitan for
four years, thirteen days and a few hours.
In his letter to Blumentritt, he once said:

“One can judge their enthusiasm for

study when, even though they have to work
for me; they worked in order to study.”
THIS IS A TIMELINE OF
RIZALS’
INCARCERATION, AND
EXECUTION
 6 OCTOBER 1896, 3:00 AM:

On his 4th day of being help in

his cabin at the MV Isla de Panay
docked at Barcelona, Spain on his
way to Cuba, Rizal was awakened
to be brought to Montjuich
Prison in Barcelona, Spain.
 6 OCTOBER, 2:00 PM:

Interview with General

Eulogio Despujol

6 October, 8:00 PM:

Aboard the Colon, Rizal left
Barcelona for Manila.
 3 NOVEMBER
Rizal was brought to Fort Santiago,
where other patriots, including his
brother Paciano, were being tortured
to implicate him. Paciano refused to
sign anything despite being his body
broken and his left hand crushed.
 20 NOVEMBER

Preliminary investigation
began with Rizal appearing
before Judge Advocate Colonel
Francisco Olive. The
investigation lasted five days.
 26 NOVEMBER

The records of the case were

handed over to Governor
General Ramon Blanco who
then appointed Captain Rafael
Rodriguez as Special Judge
Advocate.
 8 DECEMBER
From a list submitted to him by the
authorities, he chose the brother of his
friend, Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade to
become his trial lawyer. He was only
made to choose among army officers
and not a civilian lawyer.
Note that Rizal cited twelve points to prove his
innocence:
1. Rizal was against rebellion as testified by Pio
Valenzuela.
2. No letter consisting of revolutionary
elements was addressed to the Katipunan
was written
3. Without his consent, the Katipunan used his
name as one of the passwords.
4. If he was guilty, he could have left the
country while in exile; he would not
have built a home, and would not have
bought a parcel of alnd to put up a
hospital in Dapitan.
5. The revolutionists could have consulted him
if he was the leader.
6. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the Liga Filipina, but
to make things clear, it is a different organization from
Katipunan. The former being a civic association and the latter
being a revolutionary society.
7. After the first meeting of the Liga, the association banished
because of his exile in Dapitan and it did not last long.
8. He had no idea, that the Liga was reorganized nine months after.
9. If the Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should
not have been founded.
10. If the Spanish authorities found his letters offending, it was
because in 1890, his family has been persecuted.
11. He lived a good life in Dapitan - the politico military commander
and
missionary priest in the province could attest to it.
12. The witnesses said that if the speech delivered at Doroteo
Ongjunco’s house had inspired the revolution, he should be given
a chance to confront these persons. If he was in the revolution,
the Katipunan should not have sent an unfamiliar emissary to
him in Dapitan. For this, his friends knew that he never
promoted violence.
 11 DECEMBER
In his prison cell, Rizal was read
the charges against him: “principal
organizer and the living soul of the
Filipino insurrection, the founder of
societies, periodicals and books
dedicated to fomenting and
propagating the ideas of rebellion.”
 13 DECEMBER
Ramon Blanco was replaced by
Camilo de Polavieja, a more ruthless
character, as Governor General of
the Philippines. Dominguez
submitted the papers of the Rizal
case to Malacanang Palace.
 15 DECEMBER

Rizal issued his manifesto to

certain Filipinos calling to end
the “absurd” rebellion and to
fight for liberties with education
as a prerequisite. The authorities
suppressed the manifesto.
 25 DECEMBER

Rizal’s saddest christmas, away

from family and friends.

26 DECEMBER, 8:00 AM
The trial of Rizal began at the Cuartel de
Espana. On the same day, the court-martial
secretly and unanimously voted for a guilty
verdict with the penalty of death before a firing
squad.
 28 DECEMBER

Polavieja signs the death verdict.

29 DECEMBER, 6:00 AM
Rizal was read his verdict by
Captain Rafael Dominguez; To be shot
the next day at 7:00 AM at the Luneta de
Bagumbayan (Rizal Park).
 29 DECEMBER, 7:00 AM

Rizal was transferred to the

chapel cell adorned by religious
images to convince him to go back to
the Catholic fold. His first visitors
were Jesuit priests, Fathers Miguel
Saderra Mata and Luis Viza.
 29 DECEMBER, 7:15 AM

After Fr. Saderra left, Rizal

asked Fr. Viza for the Sacred
Heart Statuette which he carved
when he was an Ateneo student.
From his pocket, the statuette
appears.
 29 DECEMBER, 8:00 AM

Fr. Viza was relieved by Fr.

Antonio Rosell who joined Rizal
for breakfast. Lt. Luis Taviel de
Andrade joins them.
 29 DECEMBER, 9:00 AM

Fr. Federico Faura, who

once said that Rizal would lose
his head for writing the Noli Me
Tangere, arrived. Rizal told him,
“Father, you are indeed a
prophet.”
 29 DECEMBER, 10:00 AM

Fathers Jose Vilaclara and

Estanislao March visited Rizal,
followed by a Spanish journalist,
Santiago Mataix of El Heraldo
de Madrid, for an interview.
29 DECEMBER, 12:00 NN
– 3:30 PM
Rizal’s time alone in his cell. He had
lunch, wrote letters and probably wrote his last
poem of 14 stanzas which he wrote in his
flowing handwriting in a very small piece of
paper. He hid it inside his alcohol stove. The
untitled poem was later known as Mi Ultimo
Adios (My Last Farewell). In its second stanza,
he already praised the revolutionaries in the
battlefield for giving their lives “without doubt,
without gloom.”
 29 DECEMBER, 3:00 PM

According to an account of the

agent of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia
guarding Rizal’s cell, Rizal signed what
seems to be the document retracting his
anti-Catholic writings and his
membership in masonry. This event is a
contentious issue among Rizal experts.
 29 DECEMBER, 4:00 PM
Visit of Rizal’s mother, Teodora Alonzo. Then,
Rizal’s sister Trinidad entered to get her mother
and Rizal whispered to her in English referring
to the alcohol stove, “There is something inside.”
They were also accompanied by Narcisa, Lucia,
Josefa, Maria and her son Mauricio Cruz.
Leoncio Lopez Rizal, Narcisa’s 11 year-old son,
was not allowed to enter the cell.
 While leaving for their
carriages, an official handed over
the alcohol stove to Narcisa. After
their visit, Fathers Vilaclara and
Estanislao March returned to the
cell followed by Father Rosell.
 29 DECEMBER, 6:00 PM

Rizal was visited by the

Dean of the Manila Cathedral,
Don Silvino Lopez Tunon.
Father March left Father
Vilaclara to be with the two.
 29 DECEMBER, 8:00 PM

Rizal’s last supper where he

informed Captain Dominguez that
he already forgave those who
condemned him.
 29 DECEMBER, 9:30 PM

Rizal was visited by the fiscal of

the Royal Audiencia of Manila, Don
Gaspar Cestano with whom Rizal
offered the best chair of the cell.
According to the accounts, the fiscal
left with “a good impression of Rizal’s
intelligence and noble character.”
THE LAST DAYS OF
JOSE RIZAL
 30 DECEMBER, 5:30 AM

Rizal took his last meal. According

to the stories told by Narcisa by Lt.
Luis Taviel de Andrade, Rizal threw
some eggs in the corner of the cell for
the “poor rats,” “Let them have their
fiesta too.” Rizal also wrote to his
family and to his brother.
 30 DECEMBER, 5:00 AM
Teary-eyed Josephine Bracken and Josefa
Rizal came. According to the testimony of the
agent of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia, Josephine and
Rizal were married. Josephine was gifted by
Rizal with the classic Thomas a Kempis book
Imitations of Christ in which he inscribed, “To
my dear and unhappy wife, Josephine, December
30th, 1896, Jose Rizal.” They embraced for the
last time.
 30 DECEMBER, 6:00 AM

Rizal wrote to his father, Francisco

Mercado “My Beloved Father, Pardon me for
the pain with which I repay you for sorrows
and sacrifices for my education. I did not
want nor did I prefer it. Goodbye Father,
goodbye… Jose Rizal.”
To his mother, he has only these words,
“To my very dear Mother, Sra. Dona Teodora
Alonzo, 6 o’clock in the morning, December
30, 1896. Jose Rizal.”
 30 DECEMBER, 6:30 AM

Death march from Fort Santiago to

Bagumbayan begins. 4 soldiers
with bayoneted rifles lead the
procession followed by Rizal, Taviel
de Andrade, Fathers Vilaclara and
March and other soldiers.
 They passed the Intramuros
plaza, then turned right to the
Postigo gate then left at Malecon,
the bayside road now known as
Bonifacio Drive.
 30 DECEMBER, 7:00 AM

Rizal, after arriving on the

execution site at Luneta de
Bagumbayan, was checked with his
pulse by Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo. It
was perfectly normal. Rizal once
wrote, “I wish to show those who
deny us patriotism that we know
how to die for our duty and our
convictions.”
“Preparen.” “Apunten.”
Rizal shouted,
“Consummatum est.”
It means “It is done.”
 30 DECEMBER, 7:03 AM

With the captain shouting

“Fuego!”, shouts rang out from the
guns of eight indio soldiers. Rizal, being
a convicted criminal was not facing the
firing squad. As he was hit, he resists
and turns himself to face his executors.
He falls down, and dies facing the sky.
 “Viva Espana! Muerte a los
traidores!”

The cry from the soldiers echoed in the

whole area.
 T T
I
TO TR
A L N
Z M E
I
R LU
F
O B H IP )
R S D DS
E A N EN
T T I N F R I

LE RDELON
G

FE LIF
(A
 RIZAL-BLUMENTRITT FRIENDSHIP

Ferdinand Blumentritt was a 31 year-

old scholar and a master degree holder
when he became acquainted with the 25
year-old Jose Rizal who was studying in
Germany at that time.
They had been exchanging letters,
books, maps, and even their self-portraits
with each other.
 FIRST LETTER (JULY 31, 1886)
Esteemed Sir,

Having heard that Your Lordship is

studying our language and that you have
already published some works on the subject,
I take the liberty of sending you a valuable
book written in that language by a
countryman of mine.
 They finally met after 5 years in
Europe when Rizal was going home in the
Philippines. He took a route that passes the
Prague University at Letmeritz where
Blumentritt was residing as a professor and
stayed there for four days. He was
accompanied by his friend Maximo Viola.
LETTER AFTER RIZAL LEFT
LETMERITZ (MAY 19, 1887)
Esteemed Friend:

“My heart was full, and I asked myself: What

have I done to deserve the friendship and sympathy
of such kind souls…. I will also bear in mind my good
friends in Letmeritz and I will say… ‘You are not
alone, Rizal; there in a little corner of Bohemia, there
are good, noble souls and friends who appreciate you;
think of them; consider them as if they were with you,
as if they were seeing you; they will gladden at your
joys and they will weep for your sorrows.”
 LAST LETTER (DECEMBER 29, 1896)

My dear brother:

When you receive this letter, I shall be

dead by then. Tomorrow at seven, I shall be
shot; but I am innocent of the crime of
rebellion. I am going to die with a tranquil
conscience. Adieu, my best, my dearest friend,
and never think ill of me!
 TO
A L
I Z
R
O F
E R
T T
E
L I L Y
S T M
A FA
L IS
H
To my family,

I ask you for forgiveness for the pain I

cause you, but some day I shall have to die and
it is better that I die now in the plentitude of my
conscience.

Dear parents and brothers: give thanks to

God that I may preserve my tranquility before
my death. I die resigned, hoping that with my
death, you will be left in peace. Ah! It is better
to die than to live suffering. Console yourselves.
 I enjoin you to forgive me another the little
meanness of life and try to live united in peace and
good harmony. Treat your old parents as you
would like to be treated by your children later.
Love them very much in my memory.

Bury me in the ground. Place a stone and a

cross over it. My name, the date of my birth and of
my death. Nothing more. If later you wish to
surround my grave with fence, you can do it. No
anniversaries. I prefer Paang Bundok.

Have pity on poor Josephine.